CN116547874A - Probe with a probe tip - Google Patents

Abstract

The probe of the present invention comprises: an inner case formed in a column shape and having one end and the other end, through which coaxial cables are inserted; a probe pin electrically connected to the coaxial cable at the other end portion and protruding to the outside of the inner case; a plunger surrounding the periphery of the probe pin and having an opening formed so as to expose the tip of the probe pin; a flange disposed at one end; a first spring for pushing the inner shell away from the flange; and an outer case formed in a cylindrical shape, accommodating the inner case and the first spring, and holding the plunger such that an area of the plunger where the opening is formed is exposed to the outside.

Description

High-speed male-female integrated connector and connector assembly

Cross-reference to related applications

The present application claims priority from U.S. provisional application U.S. 63/123486 ("'486 application'") filed on 12/10/2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of connectors, and more particularly to male and female native connectors and components suitable for use in high data rate applications.

Background

The evolving telecommunication systems and network architectures desire electronic chip-to-chip interconnects with increased flexibility and lower cost that can support higher densities and higher bandwidths (while meeting signal integrity requirements). Existing copper-based interconnects (e.g., connectors) sometimes suffer from signal loss from significant Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) (e.g., when electrical signals must travel on traces embedded in a PCB or similar substrate). Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a connector that addresses the shortcomings of existing interconnects.

Disclosure of Invention

In one embodiment, one or more male-female connectors may be provided to address and overcome some of the shortcomings of existing connectors, wherein two such male-female connectors may be connected to form a male-female connector assembly.

In more detail, a first connector may include a first housing configured to house a plurality of wafers, wherein each wafer supports a plurality of cables. Further, the first connector may include a first engagement feature and a second engagement feature, wherein the first engagement feature is configured to interface with the second engagement feature. In one embodiment, a first connector may be configured to mate with a second connector that is substantially identical to the first connector but oriented 180 degrees different from the second connector. In one embodiment, the first engagement feature may be configured as a T-shaped rib and the second engagement feature may be configured as a T-shaped slot.

The housing may further include additional engagement features that hold the first and second connectors together, it being understood that additional engagement features will typically be added in pairs so that, for example, a third engagement feature can engage a fourth engagement feature when the first and second connectors are mated together, in one embodiment the third engagement feature will be a shroud and the fourth engagement feature will be inserted into the shroud.

The exemplary first connector may further include one or more shields, each configured to be electrically grounded and may also be configured to electromagnetically protect the high-speed differential electrical signals transmitted by the terminals. Each of the one or more shields of the first connector is further configured to structurally support the terminal.

In an embodiment, each of the one or more shields of the first connector: (i) configurable as a U-shaped shield; (ii) May include an opening for receiving solder or another connecting material that connects a ground structure (e.g., a flat shielding foil) of a cable (e.g., a dual-axis cable) to a respective shield to form a ground path; (iii) May include one or more openings, each opening configured to receive a protrusion of a dielectric component to connect the dielectric component to a respective shield; and (iv) may include an electromagnetically shielded and electrically grounded main wall and electromagnetically shielded and electrically grounded side walls, wherein the side walls of a respective shield include ends configured to electrically connect a ground structure of a cable to the respective shield, and wherein the ends of a respective shield may be configured to extend inwardly toward the ground structure of the cable to provide a surface at which a respective shield is electrically coupled to the ground structure of the cable and to protect an electrically conductive tail and conductor connection from unwanted electromagnetic signals.

In one embodiment, the first connector may further include one or more electrically grounded ferrules, each ferrule configured to be connected to a ground structure of a cable and to an end of a respective shield to form a ground path. Such grounded ferrule may be a separate component or may be integral with a shield to connect a respective shield to a ground structure of the cable, thereby forming a ground path.

In another embodiment, the first connector may further include one or more electrically grounded ferrules, each ferrule configured to connect to a respective shield of the first connector and to a ground structure (e.g., flat shielding foil) of a cable. Each ferrule may also be configured to provide an electromagnetically protected ceiling over a connection of the tail of the respective conductive electrons with the conductor of the cable (simply "conductor") to reduce unwanted cross-talk and control an impedance of the connection. Each ferrule may include one or more integral recesses and the respective shield may include one or more integral inward projections connecting the ferrule to the shield.

In yet another embodiment, each of the one or more shields of a first connector may include two retention arms that may be configured to contact a double-sided ground drain wire of a cable to form a ground path.

Alternatively, each of the plurality of shields may include an opening providing termination into the conductor and the tail of the contact. In such embodiments, a first connector may further include one or more conductive micro-clips (e.g., formed of a conductive plating plastic) each positioned over an opening of an adjacent shield to reduce or mitigate unwanted crosstalk therebetween. Each mini-clip may be configured to press a double-sided ground drain wire of a cable against an integral sheet of one of the one or more shields to form a ground path. For example, each mini clamp may optionally include a latching mechanism to allow the tail of the respective connection and the respective conductor to be accessed. In some embodiments, a mini clamp can be configured to extend across and engage multiple shields.

In addition to the shield, each of the one or more hermaphroditic connectors (e.g., the first connector) may further include conductive structures, wherein each conductive structure may include a respective inner conductor at one end and a respective electrically conductive tail at an opposite end, wherein each respective inner conductor may include an end portion formed to apply a friction force when the conductors contact an inner conductor of the second hermaphroditic connector to form a connected high speed signal path.

Each of the one or more shields of the first connector may include a main wall, sidewall, end, or resilient finger that may contact a recess of a shield of the second connector to form an electrical ground path between the first connector and the second connector and to protect a connection between the first connector and the second connector from unwanted electromagnetic signals.

In an embodiment, the first housing may include a plurality of pockets each configured to hold and support one or more terminals of the one or more shields, and wherein each pocket may be further configured to provide an open space filled with air that serves as a means of lowering a dielectric constant to reduce potential crosstalk between adjacent terminals. The plurality of pockets can be disposed in a row in the housing.

In yet other embodiments, each of the one or more shields may include a deformable conductive finger electromagnetically shielding at least the terminal and configurable as an electrical ground.

In one embodiment, each tail of a conductive structure may be configured to connect to a conductor to enable transmission of high-speed electrical signals (e.g., 112Gbps or between 112Gbps and 224 Gbps). In addition, each tail may be configured with one or more corrugated edges each including one or more teeth, wherein (i) a width of each tail may vary along a length of a connection of the tail to a conductor to control an impedance of the connection of the tail to the conductor and avoid unwanted electrical crosstalk; (ii) Each tail portion may include one or more peak portions and one or more valley portions connecting the tail portion to the conductor; (iii) A width of a valley portion may be different from one valley portion to another and a width of a peak portion may vary from one peak portion to another by 10% or 20%; and (iv) each corrugated rim may be circular, rectangular, diamond-shaped or other shape that improves the connection of a respective tail to a respective conductor. Also, one or more of the peak portions may be configured to guide a conductor over a tail portion. In more detail, one or more of the peak portions may be configured as a hook that guides the conductor on the tail.

It should be noted that the first connector may be connected to the second male-female connector, wherein the connected first male-female connector and second male-female connector may comprise a male-female connector assembly.

Drawings

The present disclosure is not limited by way of example to the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements, and in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an isometric view of an exemplary high density, high bandwidth connector system of a male and female counterpart in an undocked state;

FIG. 2 shows another isometric view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 illustrates another isometric view of the connector system shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 illustrates another isometric view of the connector system shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 illustrates an isometric view of the connector system shown in FIG. 1 but in a mated state;

FIG. 6 illustrates a high density, high bandwidth connector that may be configured to form two exemplary male and female bodies of an exemplary connector assembly;

FIG. 7 illustrates an isometric side cut-away view of an exemplary male and female connector;

FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified isometric view of a housing of an exemplary male and female one-piece connector;

FIG. 9 illustrates an isometric side cut-away view of a connection of an exemplary male-female one-piece connector;

FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate enlarged isometric views of an exemplary shield and components protected and supported by the shield;

FIG. 12 shows a simplified view of an isometric side of an exemplary connection of the tail to a conductor of a cable, such as a high speed (112 gigabit per second (Gbps) to 224 Gbps) differential dual axis conductor;

FIG. 13 shows another isometric view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of how a shield may support the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, among other features;

FIG. 15 shows an isometric view of a conductor tail connected to a dual axis cable in combination with an embodiment of a shield;

FIG. 16 shows a simplified isometric view of an alternative embodiment of a structure that can be used for a shield attached to a two-axis cable;

FIG. 17 illustrates an isometric view of the structure shown in FIG. 16, showing an embodiment of a cable and terminal arrangement;

FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment of a shield and daughter board;

fig. 19-22 illustrate additional alternative structures and methods that present embodiments for connecting a shield to a cable (e.g., a dual axis cable);

Fig. 23-25 illustrate exemplary connections of a double-sided drain wire of an electrical cable with a shield;

fig. 26-29 illustrate embodiments for connecting a cable (e.g., a dual-axis cable) to a shield and tail;

FIG. 30 illustrates an enlarged view of an exemplary connection of a cable (e.g., a dual axis cable) to a shield and tail;

FIG. 31 illustrates an exemplary tail having portions shaped to guide a conductor of a cable on a surface of the tail, among other things; and

fig. 32-34 illustrate exemplary views of an exemplary connection of a terminal of one connector with a terminal of another connector.

Detailed Description

Brief and clear in the drawings and description is sought to enable one skilled in the art to make, use and best practice the present invention, in view of what is known in the art. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and changes may be made to the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative and exemplary rather than a restrictive or all-encompassing sense, and all such modifications to the specific embodiments described herein are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Also, unless otherwise indicated, features disclosed herein may be combined together to form additional combinations that are not otherwise indicated or shown for the sake of brevity.

It should also be noted that more than one exemplary embodiment may be described in terms of a method or process. Although a method or process may be illustrated in an exemplary order (i.e., sequentially), unless otherwise indicated, the steps in that order may be performed in parallel, concurrently, or synchronously. Furthermore, the order of the various formation steps within a method or process may be rearranged. An illustrated method or process may terminate upon completion and may also include additional steps not illustrated herein, for example, if known to those of skill in the art.

As used herein, the terms "high speed" and "high data rate" are used interchangeably. As used herein, the term "embodiment" or "exemplary" refers to an example that falls within the scope of the present invention. When referring to the first connector and the second connector, substantially similar means that the two connectors are sufficiently close to be identical to allow them to be mated to one another and form a male and female connector assembly.

Fig. 1-6 illustrate various embodiments of exemplary male and female connectors 1a, 1b, which may provide, among other things, increased flexibility and lower cost, while also potentially increasing density and supporting higher data rates when compared to existing connectors. For example (see fig. 5), when connected together, the two connectors 1a, 1b may be referred to as a hermaphroditic connector assembly 1c. As shown, each connector 1a, 1b is generally identical and may include a respective housing shroud 2a, the housing shroud 2a being formed of an insulating material configured to receive a plurality of electrically or electronically conductive cables 5a (e.g., dual-axis cables) and to connect each cable 5a to an enclosed and protected internal conductive member. Although each connector 1a, 1b is shown as receiving a respective electrical cable 5a, the tail portions discussed below may be modified to terminate in a substrate rather than in conductors in the cable. Stated another way, fig. 1-4 illustrate an embodiment of a connector system connected to a cable.

As can be appreciated, each of the two connectors 1a, 1b supports a plurality of wafers 22, the plurality of wafers 22 being inserted into the housing 2a. The wafer 22 is over-molded over a portion of one or more cables 5a and an associated shield/terminal to support components within the housing 2a and provide strain relief for the cables 5 a. It should be noted that while the cables for the two connectors can be identical, such a consistent structure of the cables is not required and different cables can be used for the two connectors as desired.

For ease of reference, the cable received by connector 1a may be referred to herein as a "first" plurality of cables and the cable 5b received by connector 1b may be referred to herein as a "second" plurality of cables.

For example, each connector 1a, 1b may include one or more respective engagement features formed as part (i.e., integral) of a respective housing 2a. Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment comprising a simple protrusion and corresponding groove, while fig. 2 to 6 show a second embodiment. While one first engagement feature and one second engagement feature are shown for each housing, it should be understood that this is exemplary and additional engagement features can be provided as desired. In more detail, in one embodiment, the housing 2a of the connector 1a (sometimes referred to as a "first" housing) may include a first engagement feature 3a, and the first engagement feature 3a may be configured to mate with a corresponding second engagement feature 3b of the housing 2a of the connector 1b (sometimes referred to as a "second" housing). Furthermore, a second engagement feature 4a of the connector 1a may be configured to mate with the first engagement feature 4b of the connector 1b (see fig. 2-6). The combination of engagement features 4a, 4b can collectively provide an engagement structure (4 ab), the engagement structure 4ab allowing two connectors that have been mated to provide a shield around the contact area. Thus, as can be appreciated, each connector can have a first engagement feature and a second engagement feature configured to engage the second engagement feature and the first engagement feature, respectively, of a mating connector.

For example, as shown in fig. 1-6, the first engagement feature 3a may be configured as a "T" shaped rib and the second engagement feature 3b may be configured as a "T" shaped groove. However, it should be understood that the T-shaped ribs and T-shaped slots are merely illustrative and other shapes may be used to align and connect one connector to another. In one embodiment, to align and connect the connectors 1a, 1b, a respective T-shaped rib 3a may be inserted into a respective T-shaped slot 3b.

Furthermore, as will be described in more detail elsewhere herein, the respective ribs and grooves also align the respective terminals 7a of the respective connectors 1a, 1b to enable high-speed electrical signals (e.g., 112 Gbps) to be transmitted or conducted from cable to cable. As can be appreciated, for each connector, the first engagement feature and the second engagement feature may be located on opposite sides of the respective connector such that such two connectors can mate with each other when properly oriented.

Because each connector 1a, 1b has a first engagement feature and a second engagement feature and two such connectors 1a, 1b can be mated together, such connectors 1a, 1b may each be referred to as a male-female connector. Fig. 3 and 4 also show additional engagement features 4a, 4b that together form an engagement feature set 4ab, the engagement features 4a, 4b may be integral with a respective housing 2a and help align and control mating of the two connectors 1a, 1 b. As can be appreciated from fig. 4, the two connectors 1a, 1b can be identical but rotated only 180 degrees so that they can be mated with each other.

As shown, the engagement features 4a, 4b are disposed on opposite sides so as to provide a fully protected mating interface when the two connectors 1a, 1b are mated together. Thus, the engagement feature 4a may fit into the engagement feature 4 b.

Referring to fig. 7, an exemplary cut-away view of a portion of an exemplary connector 1a is shown. From this view, it can be seen that each exemplary connector 1a may include one or more electrically grounded shields 8a, the shields 8a being formed from a desired, typically copper-based alloy, wherein each shield 8a is configured to act as an electrical ground to provide a ground path for common mode energy and also to shield unwanted electromagnetic signals (e.g., radio Frequency (RF) signals) from high speed differential signals transmitted by corresponding internal terminals 7a within each shield 8 a. Also, each shield 8a may be otherwise configured to structurally support a respective terminal 7a and a daughter board (chiplet) 6a that may be located inside the walls of each shield 8 a.

Referring now to fig. 8, there is shown a simplified view of a plurality of respective shields 8a and their respective terminals 7a, each located within one of a plurality of respective openings or "pockets" 23a, the openings or "pockets" 23a being formed by respective walls 24a (e.g., four walls) of the housing 2 a. For example, as shown, the housing 2a may include a plurality of pockets 23a, each pocket 23a configured to hold and support a respective shield 8a and terminal 7a, and the plurality of pockets 23a may be aligned in one or more rows, wherein each row in the housing is configured to receive a wafer 22.

In one embodiment, for example, a set of walls 24a may support and align a respective shield 8a and terminal 7a and separate each of the respective shield 8a and conductor 7a from other shields 8a and conductors from the same connector 1 a. Furthermore, in one embodiment, each of the formed pockets 23a may be configured to provide an area of air on one or more sides of the shield 8a and the area of air can help modify the dielectric constant of the connector system to help improve signal integrity.

Fig. 9 shows a simplified cut-away view of the connection of the connectors 1a, 1b, showing that each respective connector 1a, 1b may be configured with a pair of terminals 7a that can be identical but in opposite orientations in the respective connectors so as to be mateable together, among other things. As can be appreciated, each tail 10a is at an end of a terminal 7a. In various embodiments, each respective tail 10a of the connector 1a may be connected to a conductor 11a (hereinafter "cable" conductor) of a cable 5a that may carry a high-speed differential signal, while each respective tail 10b of the connector 1b may be connected to a conductor 11b of a cable 5b that may carry a high-speed differential signal, and further, when the connectors 1a, 1b are so connected to form a male-female integrated assembly 1c, a respective terminal 7a of the connector 1a may be connected to a respective terminal 7a of the connector 1 b.

Referring now to fig. 10 and 11, an enlarged view of an exemplary shield 8a and its protectable and supportable components is shown. In one embodiment, each shield 8a of connector 1a may be configured as a U-shaped shield to help support and protect the respective terminals 7a and daughterboards 6a.

In one embodiment, the terminals 7a may be supported by the respective shields 8a by mounting the daughter board 6a (which can also be referred to as a terminal housing 6 a) to the shields 8 a. In addition, each terminal 7a may include a contact portion with an end formed in an "elbow" shape (i.e., bent) to allow the mated terminals to engage each other without bumping (stub) and form a connected high-speed signal path.

Each shield 8a may include a finger 9a, the finger 9a being capable of deforming (flexing) and helping to shield at least the conductor 7a when the conductor 7a of one connector (e.g., the connector 1 a) is in physical contact with the conductor (e.g., the conductor 7 b) of another connector (e.g., the connector 1b; see fig. 9 and 32-34) to form a connection. The finger 9a may also be configured in an electrical ground configuration to provide a ground path (see fig. 33). For example, in one embodiment, the respective fingers 9a of the connector 1a may include deformable structures configured to contact the recesses 29 of the shield 8a in a pair of mating connectors (e.g., connector 1 b) to form (and maintain) an electrical ground path (see fig. 33 and 34). Such a connection may be made when connector 1a is connected to connector 1b to form a male-female integrated assembly 1c (see, e.g., fig. 5 and 9).

Fig. 12 and 13 show simplified views of the connection of an exemplary set of tail portions 10a of connector 1a with a set of conductors 11a (e.g., high speed differential twinaxial conductors) of cable 5 a. Fig. 12 shows a top view of such a connection and fig. 13 shows a bottom view of the same connection. In fig. 12 and 13, the shield 8a, which may protect the internal terminals 7a, daughter board 6a and connections between tail 10a and conductors 11a, is not shown to allow the reader to see the internal features, but it should be noted that a shield 8a is employed in these embodiments (see fig. 14). As shown, tail 10a may be located at an end of shield 8a opposite terminal 7 a. As can also be appreciated, the cable 5a includes a shielding layer 13a and a flat drain wire 16, it being understood that other configurations of dual axis cables can be employed and will be discussed later.

Although only one shield 8a, one set of terminals 7a and one cable 5a comprising conductors 11a are shown, it should be noted that the shields 8a, terminals 7a and cables 5 a/conductors 11a that make up or are connected to the connector 1a may be shown in a similar fashion.

Continuing, for example, in one embodiment, an exemplary cable 5a may form a connection with connector 1a that carries high-speed differential signals when the respective conductors 11a of the exemplary cable 5a are connected to the respective tail portions 10a of the connector 1a by a welding (soldering) process. For example, in one embodiment, one conductor 11a may overlap and connect to one tail 10a (and vice versa) to ensure that high speed electrical signals (e.g., 112Gbps signals, signals between 112Gbps and 224 Gbps) carried on conductor 11a may continue to pass through tail 10a and ultimately onto terminal 7 a. As previously described, each conductive tail 10a of the connector 1a may be an end of a conductive structure 27a that also includes an inner conductor 7a (see fig. 9).

In addition to connecting the differential high-speed signal conductors 11a to the tail portions 10a of the connector 1a, a shield 13a of the cable 5a may also be connected to the connector 1a. For example, referring to fig. 14 showing a shield 8a, the shield 8a may include an opening 12a for receiving solder or another connecting material 12ab, the solder or another connecting material 12ab connecting the shield layer 13a and drain wire 16 of a cable 5a (e.g., a differential high-speed signal cable) to the shield 8a to form a ground path and electrically connect the drain wire 16, the shield 8a, and the shield layer 13 together.

Fig. 14 also shows an example of how an exemplary shield 8a may support a daughter board 6a. In one embodiment, the shield 8a may include one or more openings 14aa, each opening 14aa configured to receive a protrusion 14ab of the daughter board 6a to connect the daughter board 6a to the shield 8a, thereby securing the daughter board 6a to the shield 8a to provide structural support and stability to the daughter board 6a.

Fig. 15 shows an enlarged view of the connection of an exemplary tail 10a to a conductor 11 a. As shown, the overlapping connected tail 10a and conductor 11a may be located within a main wall 20a (shown on the bottom side of conductor 11a in fig. 15) and two side walls 15a of shield 8 a.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 15, both side walls 15a may comprise respective ends 21a, the ends 21a being configured to electrically connect the shielding 13a of the cable 5a to the shield 8a. Furthermore, the end 21a may be configured to extend inwardly (i.e., bend toward the shield 13a of the cable 5 a), but this is merely exemplary. The end 21a of the inwardly formed sidewall 15a may provide a surface (groove) where the shield 8a may be electrically bonded (e.g., via solder or conductive adhesive) to the shield layer 13a of the cable 5 a. Such a configuration allows the two side walls 15a and the main wall 20a to help provide a transition from common mode coupling between the conductor 10a and the shield layer 13a to common mode coupling between the terminal 7a and the shield 8a, while also providing shielding to reduce potential crosstalk from adjacent terminals.

Referring now to fig. 16-18, embodiments of alternative structures and methods for connecting a shield to a conductor of a cable (e.g., a dual axis cable) and vice versa are shown.

As shown in fig. 16, an electrically conductive grounded ferrule 5ab may be attached (e.g., clamped, soldered, connected with a conductive adhesive) to the shielding layer 13a and drain wire 16 of the cable 5 a. Thereafter, the inward end 21a of the sidewall 15a of the shield 8a may be attached (e.g., welded) or soldered) to the collar 5ab to form a ground path connection (see fig. 17).

In fig. 16 and 17, the cuff 5ab is shown as a separate component. However, in yet another embodiment, a ferrule may be formed as an integral part of a shield. For example, in fig. 18, a ferrule 8ab is shown as an integral part of, for example, shield 8a. The collar 8ab of the shield 8a may be attached (e.g., welded, soldered) to the shield layer 13a of the cable 5a to form a ground path connection. The ferrule body 8ab can also engage the drain wire 16.

Referring now to fig. 19-22, embodiments of additional alternative structures and methods for connecting a shield to a cable (e.g., a dual axis cable) are shown. As shown in fig. 19, an electrically grounded ferrule 5ac may be attached (e.g., clamped, soldered, connected with a conductive adhesive) to a shield 13a of a cable 5 a. Furthermore, in one embodiment, to connect the ferrule 5ac to an exemplary shield 8a to complete a ground path, for example, one or more sets of opposing inward protrusions and inward depressions may be employed. For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 19-22, the collar 5ac may include one or more integral recesses 5ad, while the shield 8a may include one or more integral inward protrusions 5ae, it being understood that this is merely exemplary (e.g., the protrusions may be outward and integral with the collar and the recesses may be outward and integral with the shield). Accordingly, the shield 8a may be connected to the collar 5ac by applying a force to the shield 8a or the collar 5ac forcing each of the one or more protrusions 5ae into at least one of the one or more recesses 5ad (or vice versa). Thereafter, additional attachment methods (e.g., soldering, laser welding or mechanical clamping, conductive adhesive, etc.) may be employed to further attach the ferrule 5ac to the shield 8a.

For example, the cuff body 5ac may have a larger dimension along its length than the cuff bodies 5ab, 8ab as compared to the cuff bodies 5ab, 8ab shown in fig. 16-18 to contact a conductor 11a over a longer length and larger area of the conductor 11a. By so doing, it is believed that the ferrule 5ac may be more firmly attached to the conductor 11a. Furthermore, by configuring the ferrule 5ac to have a greater length (along the axis of the conductor 11 a), the ferrule 5ac may extend beyond the end of the conductor 11a (and its shielding layer 13 a), thereby providing an electromagnetically protected "ceiling" over the overlapping connection of the tail 10a and the conductor 11a, which may help reduce unwanted cross-talk and control the impedance of such connection.

It is believed that the addition of the ferrule 5ab, 8ab or ferrule 5ac may increase the structural rigidity of the termination of a cable 5a with the terminal 7a and may provide a beneficial surface that helps facilitate electrical connection to the shield 8 a. It should be appreciated that when a cable (e.g., cable 5a or 5 b) includes a different grounding structure than that shown in fig. 14-22, such grounding structure may also be connected to an exemplary shield (e.g., shield 8 a) of a connector to maintain an electrical ground path.

For example, referring now to fig. 23-25, an exemplary cable 5a having a double sided drain wire 13ab is shown. In one embodiment, to electrically and physically connect an exemplary shield 8a to drain wire 13ab, shield 8a may include two retaining arms 21ab, wherein the two retaining arms 21ab may be configured in a cradle (cradle) to electrically and physically contact shield 8a and/or exposed double-sided shielded ground wire 13ab, as shown in fig. 24 and 25. Although each retaining arm 21ab may frictionally contact a drain wire 13ab to form a ground path connection between the shield 8a of the connector 1a and the cable 5a, such connection may also include solder, laser welding, or an adhesive coating to further secure the retaining arm 21ab to the corresponding drain wire 13ab.

Yet another embodiment for connecting a cable (e.g., a dual-axis cable) to a terminal is shown in fig. 26-29. Fig. 26 and 27 show top and bottom views of an exemplary shield 8a and an exemplary cable 5a with a double sided drain wire 13 ab. In one embodiment, an exemplary shield 8a may be configured with an opening 8ac for electrically connecting tail 10a to conductor 11a of cable 5 a. For example, in one embodiment, the opening 8ac may be formed by a resistance welding process to connect the conductor 11a to the tail 10a. However, the presence of an opening may increase unwanted crosstalk from a neighboring set of terminals. Accordingly, the inventors provide exemplary structures and techniques as shown in fig. 28 and 29 that can reduce unwanted crosstalk.

As shown, a conductive micro-clip (micro-clip) 26ab (e.g., made of a conductive plating plastic) may be located over the tail 10a and conductor 11a of the connection (the latter being hidden from view) and when aligned with another shield 8a, the micro-clip 26ab blocks the opening 8ac to reduce or mitigate the potential effects of unwanted crosstalk.

In fig. 29, for example, in one embodiment, the mini-clamp 26ab may be configured to press the drain wire 13ab against the integral blade 5af of the grounded shield 8a to form a ground path.

In one embodiment, the mini clamp 26ab may include a latching mechanism (not shown) to allow access to the tail 10a and conductor 11a of the connection, if desired, via the opening 8 ac. In addition, for example, the mini-clips 26ab may be further secured to the attached tail 10a and/or conductor 11a during a sheet over-molding process. As can be appreciated, the plurality of mini clamps can be provided as a single structure across the plurality of shields.

Referring now to FIG. 30, in one embodiment, each exemplary tail 10a may be configured with one or more corrugated edges including one or more depressions. As shown, the exemplary tail 10a may include a plurality of corrugated edges 16a, each edge 16a having one or more recesses 17a. Accordingly, the width wt1 of the tail 10a may vary along the connected length lt1 of the tail 10a (to provide a so-called "scalloped" tail). The inventors have found that by varying the width of the tail 10a along its length lt1 to be connected, the impedance of the connection between the corresponding tail 10a and the conductor 11a can be better controlled. This helps to provide a more uniform impedance along the signal path and thereby helps to improve the signal integrity of the system without widening the distance d1 between the wall 15a of the shield 8a and the tail 10a (which may in turn widen the overall distance between the opposing walls 15a of the shield 8a and thereby disadvantageously increase the area enclosed by the connector 1 a). Furthermore, varying the width of a tail 10a allows additional surface area to ensure a reliable connection between the conductor 11a and the tail 10 a. For example, while the tail 10a of the skirt may include "valley" portions 17a (i.e., depressions) that are narrow in width, the tail 10a of the skirt also includes "peak" portions 18a that are wide enough to allow the tail 10a to be connected to the conductor 11a (e.g., via welding) to avoid problems associated with variations in the positioning of the conductor 11a within the cable 5 a.

In summary, it is believed that the tail portion 10a of the skirt provides sufficient electrical performance for the connection of a tail portion 10a and conductor 11a without sacrificing the size or mechanical integrity of the connection (of connector 1 a).

In various embodiments, the minimum width of a valley portion 17a and/or a peak portion 18a may depend on the width (i.e., gauge) of a conductor 11a to be connected (e.g., welded) to the tail portion 10a, wherein the minimum width is about equal to or slightly less than the width of the conductor 11 a.

Although the tail 10a is shown in the figures as including the same uniform width for each valley portion 17a and the same uniform width for each peak portion 18a (but the widths of portions 17a and 18a are different), this is merely exemplary. Alternatively, the width of each valley portion 17a may vary from one portion 17a to another portion 17 a. Likewise, for a given tail 10a, the width of each peak portion 18a may vary from one peak portion 18a to another peak portion 18 a. For example, the width of the valley portions and/or peak portions of a given tail may increase or decrease from portion to portion along the length lt1 joined by a tail (e.g., the closer the valley portions and/or peak portions are to a cable, the wider the valley portions and/or peak portions may be). Also, the widths of the respective valley portions and peak portions may have different widths that vary from portion to portion along the length of the connection to reduce an impedance of a connection or otherwise optimize the electrical and/or mechanical reliability of the connection.

Likewise, while the shape of the edges 16a of the crest portions 18a and the trough portions 17a are circular in the figures, this is also merely exemplary. Alternatively, the shape of the valley portions 17a and/or the edges 16a of the peaks 18a may be rectangular, diamond-shaped, or other shapes that improve the electrical and/or mechanical properties of a tail connection with a conductor.

In various embodiments, the lengthwise distances d2, d3 (i.e., spacing) between the tops of the peak portions 18a, respectively, and between the bottoms of the valley portions 17a, respectively, may be consistently the same or may vary along the length to be joined. For example, a distance d2, d3 may gradually increase or decrease along the connected length lt 1. Further, a distance d2, d3 may vary from a respective portion to a respective portion (top of one peak portion 18a to top of another peak portion 18a, or bottom of one trough portion 17a to bottom of another trough portion 17 a) along the joined length lt1 of a tail (e.g., the closer the trough portion and/or peak portion is to a cable, the wider the trough portion and/or peak portion may be). Also, the distances d2, d3 between the respective tops, bottoms of the respective valleys, peak portions may vary from one portion to another along the length lt1 being connected (i.e., the lengths between the tops of the peak portions are dissimilar and/or the lengths between the bottoms of the valley portions are dissimilar) to reduce an impedance of a connection or otherwise optimize the electrical and/or mechanical reliability of the connection.

Further, one or more of the peak portions of a tail may be shaped or otherwise configured to guide a conductor onto the tail during a connection process. For example, referring to fig. 31, an exemplary tail 10a is shown including a "hook" shaped portion 19a, the "hook" shaped portion 19a configured to guide the conductor 11a onto the surface of the tail 10a to more easily manage alignment of the tail 10a with the conductor 11 a. In addition, such a hook portion 19a may also help prevent movement of the conductor 11a during attachment (e.g., welding, over-molding) of the conductor 11a to the tail 10a, thereby resulting in a reliable connection.

Although the components of one connector 1a (and its connection) are shown in fig. 9-31, it should be noted that connector 1b can have the same features, as in most cases connector 1b will be a duplicate of connector 1a but rotated 180 degrees. Accordingly, the connectors 1a, 1b may be connected together to form a male-female connector assembly 1c, as previously described.

Referring now to fig. 32-34, exemplary connections of terminals 7a of a connector 1a with terminals 7a of a connector 1b and exemplary connections of a shield 8a of the connector 1a with a shield 8a of the connector 1b are shown. Although only one pair of terminals 7a and one respective shield 8a of each respective connector 1a, 1b are shown, it should be understood that the other conductors 7a and shields 8a of the connectors 1a, 1b may be connected in a similar fashion.

In fig. 32, the shield 8a is not shown to show how the terminals 7a may contact each other to form a connected high-speed signal path, whereas in fig. 33 and 34, the shield 8a is shown. In fig. 34, the shield 8a is shown as transparent, but this is merely illustrative so that the reader again sees how the internal terminals 7a can contact each other to form a connected high speed signal path.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 32-34, each of the respective terminals 7a of the connector 1b may be positioned overlapping on one terminal 7a of the connector 1a (and vice versa) such that the conductors 7a are in physical and electrical contact to form a connected high speed signal path. The illustrated arrangement provides dual contact points and a desired degree of wiping without providing an electrically undesirable large stub.

As can be seen in fig. 33, the conductors 11a may be located within shields 8a that may be in physical and electrical contact with each other, e.g., at points 22, to form (and maintain) an electrical ground path between, e.g., connectors 1a, 1b, wherein each shield 8a may include a main wall, side wall, end, and/or arm. For example, the shield 8a is thus configured to help control the impedance of the connection, the coupling between the signal path and the ground path, and to protect the connection from unwanted electromagnetic signals (e.g., crosstalk) from adjacent or nearby conductors.

The inventors believe that, for example, the connectors and connector assemblies disclosed herein may take up 75% or less of the space of existing connectors/connector assemblies while enabling transmission of high-speed differential signals (e.g., 112gbps PAM4 capable and potentially 224gbps PAM4) without sacrificing electrical or mechanical performance (e.g., very low crosstalk, tight impedance control, low common mode conversion) and at a lower cost due to reduced tooling costs and fewer parts than existing connectors and connector assemblies.

Although the benefits, advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments of the present invention, it should be appreciated that any element(s) that may cause or result in such benefits, advantages, or solutions or render such benefits, advantages, or solutions more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or element of any or all the claims that follow or that come from the present disclosure.

Furthermore, the disclosure provided herein describes features by way of specific exemplary embodiments. However, many additional embodiments and modifications within the scope and spirit of the appended claims will occur to persons of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of this disclosure and are intended to be covered by this disclosure and the appended claims. Accordingly, this disclosure includes all such additional embodiments, modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the disclosure unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

Claims (23)

1. A male-female connector assembly comprising:

a first connector having a housing including a first engagement feature and a second engagement feature, the first engagement feature configured to mate with the second engagement feature; and

a second connector substantially similar to the first connector, the second connector being oriented 180 degrees rotated relative to the first connector, the second connector being mated with the first connector.

2. The hermaphroditic connector assembly of claim 1, wherein the first engagement feature of the first and second housings is configured as a T-shaped rib and the second engagement feature of the first and second housings is configured as a T-shaped slot.

3. The hermaphroditic connector assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the first connector and each of the second connector further comprises a plurality of shields formed of a conductive alloy that are U-shaped and that are inserted into a pocket of the housing, wherein each shield is connected to a shield layer of a cable, wherein the plurality of shields are configured such that if two shields are rotated 180 degrees relative to each other, each shield is capable of mating with another such shield and the plurality of shields are supported by a wafer.

4. A male and female connector assembly according to claim 3, wherein each shield includes an opening for receiving solder or another connecting material that connects a shield of a cable to the respective shield to form a ground path.

5. A male and female connector assembly according to claim 3, wherein the cable includes a flat drain wire.

6. A male and female connector assembly according to claim 3, wherein the ends of the respective shields are configured to extend inwardly toward the shield layer of the cable to provide a surface at which the shields are electrically coupled to the shield layer.

7. The hermaphroditic connector assembly of claim 3, further comprising a ferrule aligned with each shield, each ferrule configured to connect the shield to form a ground path therebetween.

8. The hermaphroditic connector assembly of claim 7, wherein the ferrule is integrally formed with the shield.

9. The hermaphroditic connector assembly according to claim 3, wherein each shield includes a retention arm and the corresponding cable includes a double-sided drain wire, wherein the retention arms are configured to engage the double-sided drain wire.

10. A male and female connector assembly as in claim 3, wherein each shield supports a daughter board, which in turn supports a pair of terminals, each terminal including a tail portion, wherein conductors in the cable are connected to the tail portions.

11. The hermaphroditic connector assembly of claim 10, wherein each shield includes a main wall and has an opening in the main wall for accessing the connection between the tail portion and the conductor.

12. The hermaphroditic connector assembly of claim 11, further comprising a micro clip positioned on each shield such that the micro clip is aligned with an opening in a major wall of an adjacent shield.

13. The male and female one-piece connector assembly of claim 12, wherein the mini-clip is formed of a conductive plastic.

14. The hermaphroditic connector assembly according to claim 12, wherein each cable includes a double-sided drain wire, and each mini-clip is configured to press the double-sided drain wire against the integral blade of the corresponding shield to form a ground path therebetween.

15. The hermaphroditic connector assembly of claim 10, wherein each tail portion is configured with a corrugated rim including one or more recesses.

16. The male and female homobody connector assembly of claim 15, wherein the assembly is configured to support a 112Gbps data rate encoded with PAM 4.

17. A male and female connector assembly according to claim 3, wherein each pocket is configured to provide a region of air on one side of the shield.

18. The hermaphroditic connector assembly of claim 3, wherein each shield includes elastically deformable fingers configured to electrically connect to a mating shield.

19. A connector assembly, comprising:

a housing having a first engagement feature and a second engagement feature, the housing having a plurality of pockets;

a wafer mounted within the housing and supporting a plurality of shields and a plurality of cables extending from the wafer, wherein each shield is connected to a corresponding cable and each cable has a pair of conductors and a shield layer electrically connected to the corresponding shield, wherein the shields are located in the pockets; and

A daughter board at each of the shields, the daughter board supporting a pair of terminals, each terminal including a tail portion, each terminal configured to engage another terminal, wherein the conductors terminate at the tail portions, wherein the shield includes a main wall and has an opening in the main wall aligned with the junction of the tail portion and the conductors.

20. The connector assembly of claim 19, wherein each cable further comprises a drain wire electrically connected to the shield.

21. The connector assembly of claim 20, wherein the drain wire is a first drain wire and each cable includes a second drain wire, the first drain wire and the second drain wire being on opposite sides of the pair of conductors.

22. The connector assembly of claim 21, further comprising a mini-clip mounted to the shield and pressing the first drain wire and the second drain wire against the shield.

23. The connector assembly of claim 22, wherein the wafer is a first wafer and the housing has a second wafer positioned adjacent to the first wafer, wherein one of the micro-clips in the first wafer is aligned with one of the openings in the second wafer.