CN116539829A - Water quality monitoring sensing analysis method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water quality monitoring perception analysis method, which comprises the following steps: based on the time-space deduction of the historical remote sensing data of the monitored water area, the future change trend of the water quality of the monitored water area is obtained, and the networking and networking set point positions and the equipment occupancy rate of each acquisition point are comprehensively analyzed and designed reasonably. Constructing a water quality monitoring LoRa networking based on the arrangement point positions and the occupation ratio of each device of the acquisition points; acquiring water quality monitoring state data in real time based on LoRa networking monitoring equipment, and synchronously monitoring and analyzing the water body state in real time based on an RS remote sensing technology; and integrating analysis and calculation of real-time equipment information and RS perception analysis results obtained by networking based on GPS and GIS technologies, and finally obtaining a more accurate water quality state result. Compared with the prior art, the invention integrates the 3S (RS+GPS+GIS) technology, the LORa technology and the Internet of things technology, realizes overtime air monitoring of water quality, improves the sensing speed, and can be used as a unified monitoring standard for integrated monitoring and controlling of the earth water environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water quality monitoring, in particular to a water quality monitoring sensing analysis method.
Background
The water environment is polluted greatly, so that the environmental quality of the water area is poor. People monitor the water quality based on the technology of the Internet of things, can know the water quality change condition of the water body at any time and any place, and summarize a better solution scheme for optimizing the water quality by researching the water quality change rule, so that the water environment is improved, and the water quality is improved.
LoRa is a wireless digital communication modulation technique of a physical layer, and is also called spread spectrum continuous frequency modulation technique. The wireless communication system is characterized in that the wireless communication system is farther than other wireless communication methods in transmission distance under the same power consumption, the unification of low power consumption and long distance is realized, and the radio frequency communication distance is enlarged by 3-5 times compared with the traditional wireless communication under the same power consumption. The low-power consumption infinite water quality sensor with the loRa technology and the wireless water quality sensor technology can be combined to obtain the loRa, the sensor greatly simplifies the composition structure of equipment, the cost can be greatly reduced, and the sensor has the more important significance that the structure is simple, the installation and the maintenance are quick, and the sensor is suitable for mass popularization.
Chinese application CN108196018A discloses a water quality monitoring system based on LoRa technology, wherein, the acquisition equipment terminal includes: the system comprises a temperature sensor, a turbidity sensor, a PH value sensor, an oxygen content sensor, a heavy metal ion sensor and a LoRa communication module; the sensor collects water quality parameters and sends the water quality parameters to the central processing unit through the internal circuit, the central processing unit is connected with the LoRa communication module, and the data are packaged and then sent to a remote LoRa gateway through the LoRa antenna; the acquisition equipment terminals are distributed at each acquisition monitoring point, and the plurality of acquisition equipment terminals are connected with the LoRa gateway through the LoRa links and send acquisition information to the LoRa gateway; and the LoRa gateway is connected with the acquisition equipment terminals, receives information of the acquisition equipment terminals connected with the LoRa gateway, analyzes and repackages the information, and then sends the information to the master control server through the WiFi link, and the master control server is connected with all the LoRa gateways through the WiFi link.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a water quality monitoring perception analysis method.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the water quality monitoring perception analysis method adopts a fusion 3S technology, loRa technology and Internet of things technology to construct a water quality monitoring perception system for water quality perception and monitoring through a monitoring center, and the steps of constructing, perceiving and monitoring are as follows:
acquiring remote sensing data by an RS remote sensing technology, and monitoring water body information;
analyzing, judging and setting water quality monitoring networking layout points and equipment types of all acquisition points based on water quality future change trend obtained by remote sensing data space-time deduction of a monitored water area and related data information provided by a monitoring center;
constructing a water quality monitoring LoRa networking based on the equipment types of the layout points and the acquisition points;
acquiring water quality monitoring state data in real time based on LoRa networking monitoring equipment, and acquiring remote sensing data based on RS remote sensing technology to monitor and analyze water body state in real time;
and carrying out edge calculation, data weighted analysis, fusion analysis and calculation comprehensive perception on the water quality monitoring data by classification and layering to obtain a water quality state result.
Further, the specific steps of acquiring remote sensing data and monitoring water body information through a remote sensing technology include:
real-time remote sensing data of the monitored water area environment obtained through remote sensing equipment; analyzing water quality parameters through a water quality parameter inversion model based on different spectral characteristics of purified water and a polluted water body and obtaining water body state information based on a historical remote sensing image;
the remote sensing data comprises a high-resolution image, a hyperspectral image and an environment thematic map; the water quality parameters include yellow matter, phytoplankton, total suspended matter and transparency; the water body information comprises the type, the position distribution and the distribution range of the water body pollution sources.
Further, the water quality future change trend based on remote sensing data space-time deduction is used for constructing a water quality monitoring loRa networking, and the specific steps include:
analyzing water quality parameters through a water quality parameter inversion model based on the historical remote sensing image to obtain water body state information;
analyzing time and space information in water body state information obtained by analyzing remote sensing data, and deducting to obtain future change trend of water quality;
setting a monitoring station, a monitoring point position and a monitoring point equipment type according to the future change trend of water quality;
the monitoring station installation equipment comprises LoRaWan gateway equipment, middle station monitoring equipment carrying a perception analysis module and a plurality of terminal upper computers;
the monitoring point arrangement device comprises a wireless water quality monitoring sensor of LoRa, a DTU of LoRaWan and a sensing device comprising a chlorophyll sensor, a PH sensor, an ammonia nitrogen sensor, a COD sensor and a turbidity sensor.
Further, the water quality future change trend obtained based on the remote sensing data space-time deduction of the monitored water area comprises the following specific steps:
acquiring historical RS remote sensing data;
acquiring a water quality inversion result through a water quality inversion model based on historical RS remote sensing data;
predicting future water quality trend according to the water quality inversion result of the historical remote sensing data;
calculating a mean value according to the trend;
and calculating the concentration ratio change trend of chlorophyll and sediment elements in water quality in each area in a partitioning manner.
Further, the water quality parameter inversion model is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
remote sensing data are obtained through an RS remote sensing technology;
preprocessing remote sensing data, including radiation calibration and atmospheric correction;
measuring a water surface spectrum based on the spectrum image, and collecting a water sample;
performing water quality index test based on the measured water surface spectrum and the collected water sample;
deriving corresponding pixel values in the spectrum image based on the GPS of the sampling point;
performing point location detection and extracting a corresponding spectrum based on pixel values pre-derived from the pre-processed RS remote sensing data;
carrying out statistical analysis on the extracted spectrum and cutting the range of the monitored water area;
and (5) performing band calculation in the range after cutting to obtain a water quality inversion result.
Further, the specific steps of obtaining water quality monitoring data based on the LoRa networking and performing perception analysis on the water quality monitoring data include:
the middle station monitoring equipment acquires water quality monitoring data of each monitoring point through LoRa networking;
the middle-stage monitoring equipment performs edge calculation on the water quality monitoring data through a perception analysis module to obtain a perception analysis result;
data cleaning is carried out;
transmitting the LoRa networking sensing data and other acquired basic data to a cloud;
the edge calculation step includes:
real-time analysis of linkage control signals based on the DTU;
analyzing and filtering redundant data;
and comparing the water quality monitoring data of each monitoring point with the set monitoring project threshold in real time.
Furthermore, the water quality monitoring and sensing system is also provided with non-LoRa sensing equipment, comprising an unmanned plane and a camera;
the monitoring center gives an unmanned aerial vehicle instruction, utilizes the unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out water collection and water quality analysis operation on a monitored water area, and carries out comprehensive analysis and treatment according to an uploading result;
the monitoring center monitors and analyzes the water quality change condition of the monitoring area in real time through the camera, and obtains the water quality trend change through image analysis.
Further, the monitoring center is provided with a water quality monitoring real-time perception analysis model for comprehensively analyzing water quality, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
defining water quality analysis model rules, and performing traversal calculation based on different water quality analysis model rules;
respectively acquiring monitoring index values for water quality remote sensing monitoring, water quality basic data monitoring, image monitoring and water quality sampling;
judging the relevance of the model and each monitoring index value according to the category of the monitoring element;
according to the relevance, m items in 4 items of monitoring are selected for analysis and judgment, m items of grade and weight ratio and model rule formula are obtained, and m is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4;
judging the data uploaded by each monitoring acquisition based on a model rule, and unifying a space coordinate system based on a GIS;
setting a reasonable time section based on the minimum period of the RS data;
based on the set minimum time section, selecting the associated RS data and the acquired data to be set into the same time axis data in a unified way;
registering and comparing the element data monitored by the GPS position of the same time and same coordinate system with the same element data monitored by the RS in real time;
based on the data change trend, the mean value and the weighted value judgment and analysis, and based on the data characteristics of different elements, the final monitoring result is comprehensively judged.
Furthermore, the monitoring center adopts a 3DGIS system, and performs space visual display on the water quality of the monitored water area based on the GPS position of the monitoring point and the monitoring data, and the real-time display monitoring data comprises water quantity, water quality and real-time image information;
the water quantity information displays water level and flow real-time monitoring information and water level and flow process lines monitored by each channel;
the water quality information displays water quality index information acquired by the water quality automatic monitoring station, and is compared with a water quality standard to judge whether the water quality class, the standard exceeding object and the standard exceeding multiple;
and displaying the shot drain outlet picture in real time by the real-time image information, and displaying a picture analysis result, a supervision classification chart and remote sensing data.
Further, the monitoring center performs flow trend, accumulated flow and water quality analysis on the collected monitoring data:
the flow trend analysis comprises displaying a long-period water level flow process line, and judging the future water demand by combining the water demand law of crops in the irrigation area through the water level flow change trend and the history contemporaneous comparison analysis;
the accumulated flow analysis comprises the steps of displaying flow statistical data of each channel, wherein the statistical types comprise year, month and day, and displaying the total amount of water intake in a histogram or pie chart mode and comparing analysis conditions of the past year;
the water quality analysis comprises the steps of displaying the details of various water quality indexes, carrying out statistical analysis on the water quality according to a specified time period, and carrying out statistics according to the water quality category and whether the water quality is qualified or not.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention adopts 3S technology (RS+GIS+GPS), loRa and Internet of things to integrate, and realizes the overtime empty large-area water quality state sensing monitoring and analysis of reservoirs, rivers, lakes and the like through remote sensing technology, and deduces the past and future of water quality change according to the mixing of remote sensing historical image data and other multidimensional data. Through the type, the position distribution of monitoring out water pollution source and the distribution scope state change, the future trend of change of water pollution, set up monitoring station, monitoring point and monitoring facilities's kind based on remote sensing data, the water monitoring effect is more sensitive. The remote sensing image and the related spatial position information thereof can be used as a unified position information standard of the detection standard.
2) According to the invention, the water quality change state is perceived and analyzed based on the edge algorithm, the acquired data is transmitted to the cloud platform through the regional center, and the related data is rapidly analyzed and related processing is performed, so that the effect of rapid perception and analysis of the Internet of things is achieved.
3) The LoRamesh converged network is constructed by the central gateway, the node gateway and the low-power consumption LoRa access point, and the LoRamesh backbone network formed by the central gateway and the node gateway expands the star network of the LoRa low-power consumption long-distance point-to-multipoint communication and has the advantages of quick deployment, low power consumption, low cost and the like. The LoRa star networking is integrated with the backbone network, so that the network complexity can be reduced, the network cost is reduced, and the series of problems of massive node access, long transmission distance, large interference and the like are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a water quality detection sensing method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of inversion analysis of the water quality monitoring index according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a water inversion model according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the water quality space-time deduction step of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a real-time sensing analysis model for water quality monitoring according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of water quality data collection and edge calculation according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the water quality image analysis of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As one embodiment of the invention, a water quality monitoring and sensing method is provided, wherein the method is combined with a 3S technology, a LoRa technology and an Internet of things technology to construct a water quality monitoring system, and the constructed water quality monitoring and sensing system is used for sensing and monitoring water quality. The type, the position distribution, the water pollution distribution range and the like of a water pollution source are rapidly monitored based on a remote sensing technology, a monitoring station, the position of the monitoring point and the type of monitoring point equipment are designed, a low-power-consumption wireless water quality monitoring sensor of LoRa, a LoRa Wan gateway device and sensing equipment are installed, a LoRa networking is constructed, high-reliability data information can be remotely obtained, the water quality change state is sensed and analyzed based on an edge algorithm, and the obtained data is transmitted to a cloud platform through a region platform for real-time multi-angle monitoring and management of a monitoring center. The comprehensive management platform comprises functions of comprehensive monitoring, equipment control, basic information, statistical analysis, intelligent early warning, video monitoring, intelligent perception, monitoring stations and the like. Compared with the traditional water quality monitoring method, the intelligent sensing intelligent early judging method has intelligent sensing agility early judging capability, breaks through the low-power consumption and long-distance limitation of the traditional Internet of things, and can integrally monitor and control the earth water environment. The current problems of high cost, low performance, unified standard and the like of the water quality monitoring sensing scheme are well solved from the aspects of deployment, application, economy and the like.
The steps of the perception analysis method of the present invention are shown in fig. 1, which comprises:
s1: monitoring water body information through a remote sensing technology;
s2: constructing a water quality monitoring LoRa networking based on the water quality future change trend obtained by remote sensing data space-time deduction;
s3: acquiring water quality monitoring data based on LoRa networking; and water quality monitoring data are subjected to perception analysis to obtain a water quality state;
s4: acquiring water quality monitoring state data in real time based on LoRa networking monitoring equipment, and simultaneously monitoring and analyzing the water body state in real time by adopting an RS remote sensing technology; performing edge calculation, data weighted analysis, fusion analysis and calculation and comprehensive perception on water quality monitoring data by classification and layering to obtain a water quality state result
According to the water area environment to be detected, a plurality of monitoring stations are built, a plurality of terminal upper computers, comprehensive monitoring equipment are installed in the monitoring stations, a LoRa networking is built, a LoRa Wan gateway device and a LoRa Wan terminal DTU are installed, proper positions are analyzed according to remote sensing data and information provided by a supervision department, and LoRa low-power consumption wireless water quality monitoring equipment (including a chlorophyll sensor, a PH sensor, an ammonia nitrogen sensor, a COD sensor, a turbidity sensor, a buoy and the like) is installed to proper monitoring points. The comprehensive management platform is designed, developed and monitored synchronously, real-time water quality monitoring data and perception analysis data are obtained, the environment of the water area to be monitored is comprehensively judged and managed, early warning is timely carried out when abnormality is found, a solution scheme which can be used for reference is generated, and the water quality supervision department is assisted to rapidly respond and manage the water quality environment of the related water area. And the cloud platform data support different levels of rights for the application of the monitoring mechanisms.
The detailed steps of the implementation mode are as follows:
real-time remote sensing data (including high-resolution images, hyperspectral images, environmental thematic maps and the like) are acquired according to the monitored water area environment, and the water quality parameter concentration of the area, such as yellow substances, phytoplankton (chlorophyll a), total suspended matters, transparency and the like, is analyzed based on different spectral characteristics of purified water and polluted water, so that the water quality remote sensing monitoring of the area is realized.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the analysis process of the water quality parameters of the monitored water area is as follows: establishing a water quality parameter inversion model based on remote sensing data; inversion is carried out on the real-time remote sensing image by adopting a water quality parameter inversion model; and analyzing the spatial distribution of the water quality parameters based on the water quality inversion result.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the water quality inversion model is specifically as follows: remote sensing data are obtained through an RS remote sensing technology; preprocessing remote sensing data including radiation calibration and atmospheric correction; measuring the spectrum of the water surface and collecting a water sample; performing water quality index test based on the measured water surface spectrum and the collected water sample; deriving a corresponding pixel value in the remote sensing image based on the GPS of the sampling point; performing point location detection and extracting a corresponding spectrum based on pixel values pre-derived from the pre-processed RS remote sensing data; carrying out statistical analysis on the extracted spectrum; based on the statistical analysis result, cutting the range of the monitored water area; and (5) performing band calculation in the range after cutting to obtain a water quality inversion result.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the water quality future change trend obtained by inversion space-time deduction based on the remote sensing data of the monitored water area comprises the following specific steps: firstly, acquiring historical RS remote sensing data; acquiring a water quality inversion result through a water quality inversion model based on the historical RS remote sensing data; predicting future water quality trend according to the water quality inversion result of the historical remote sensing data; and calculating the mean value according to the trend, and carrying out partition calculation to obtain the concentration ratio change trend of chlorophyll and sediment elements in the water quality of each area.
Further, the process of constructing the water quality monitoring LoRa networking is specifically as follows: and constructing a plurality of monitoring stations according to the measured water area environment, installing middle station monitoring equipment (comprising a comprehensive perception analysis early warning module) in the monitoring stations, comprehensively analyzing and laying proper monitoring points according to information provided by remote sensing data and supervision departments, constructing a LoRa networking, and installing the LoRa low-power wireless water quality monitoring equipment and other related monitoring equipment (such as video equipment, buoys, radar fluviographs and the like) at the positions of the monitoring points planned in advance. The following is a water quality monitoring LoRa networking core composition structure of the invention, loRaMESH fusion network.
Furthermore, the LoRaMESH converged network is a LoRamesh backbone network consisting of a central gateway and a node gateway, expands a star network of the low-power consumption long-distance point-to-multipoint communication of the LoRa/FSK, and the whole network consists of the central gateway, the node gateway and the low-power consumption LoRa/FSK access point and has the advantages of quick deployment, low power consumption, low cost and the like.
Acquiring water quality monitoring state data in real time based on LoRa networking monitoring equipment, and simultaneously monitoring and analyzing the water body state in real time by adopting an RS remote sensing technology; and carrying out edge calculation, data weighted analysis, fusion analysis and calculation and comprehensive perception on the water quality monitoring data by classification and layering to obtain a water quality state result.
As shown in fig. 5, the water quality monitoring real-time perception analysis model of the present embodiment is: firstly, defining a water quality analysis model rule; performing traversal calculation based on different water quality analysis model rules; acquiring monitoring index values for water quality basic data monitoring, image monitoring and water quality sampling obtained by water quality remote sensing monitoring and LoRa networking respectively; judging the relevance of the model and each acquired monitoring index value; selecting a plurality of items in the 4 items of monitoring according to the relevance to analyze and judge; obtaining m grades and weight ratios and a model rule formula; m is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4.
Judging the data uploaded by each monitoring acquisition based on the model rule; unifying a space coordinate system based on a GIS; setting a reasonable time section based on the minimum period of the RS data; based on the set minimum time zone, selecting the associated RS data and the acquired data to be set into the same time axis data in a unified way; registering and comparing the element data monitored by the GPS position of the same time and same coordinate system with the same element data monitored by the RS in real time; based on the data change trend, the mean value and the weighted value judgment and analysis, and based on the data characteristics of different elements, the final monitoring result is comprehensively judged.
Further, the water quality monitoring real-time perception analysis model comprises the following parts:
1. data acquisition and edge calculation:
as shown in fig. 6, the edge-based computational perception analysis process is: acquiring water quality monitoring data of monitoring points based on LoRa networking, wherein the water quality monitoring data specifically comprise sensor data such as chlorophyll, PH, chemical oxygen demand (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) conductivity, residual chlorine, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, temperature, water level, GPS and the like; setting a monitoring item threshold; performing edge calculations includes: real-time analyzing linkage control signals based on the DTU, analyzing and filtering redundant data and comparing threshold values in real time; data cleaning is carried out; and transmitting the collected other basic data to the cloud through LoRa networking.
2. Sampling water quality:
according to the requirement of the monitoring center, water collection and water quality analysis operation are carried out on the monitored water area, manual water collection and the like can be adopted through water collection with the unmanned aerial vehicle, and after the water quality is subjected to the analysis operation, the result is uploaded to the monitoring center for comprehensive analysis and treatment.
3. And (3) analyzing water quality images:
installing a camera at a place with large water quality change such as a sewage discharge port, monitoring and analyzing the water quality change condition of the monitoring area in real time, and marking the water quality trend change by image analysis, wherein as shown in fig. 7, image data collected by the camera is firstly subjected to denoising treatment by a filter; in the image preprocessing, gray histogram equalization is firstly carried out, binarization segmentation is carried out by an otsu algorithm, and edge detection is carried out by an edge detection algorithm; extracting features in the preprocessed image; comparing the extracted features with a set threshold.
4. Comprehensive sensing and analysis:
and designing a water quality monitoring perception analysis model, monitoring each monitoring point by a sub-module, setting a monitoring item threshold value, comparing the threshold values in real time, and uploading the comparison result to a server. And carrying out rapid analysis and association processing on the associated data so as to achieve the effect of rapid sensing and analysis of the Internet of things.
5. Comprehensive monitoring and early warning:
and the sensing analysis result is rapidly transmitted to a monitoring center platform, the platform displays the monitored water quality state in real time, alarms of different grades are carried out on the monitored abnormal state in real time, and a control scheme for reference is provided, so that the monitoring center is assisted.
6. Water quality monitoring and sensing integrated management platform:
the monitoring center platform is researched and developed by adopting java+IDL language, the database is Oracle, the interactive real-time data are stored in Redis and kafka, the platform refers to the secondary research and development of a 3DGIS engine, and the water quality monitoring scene of the region of interest can be displayed in two three dimensions.
Further, the monitoring center 3DGIS system performs space visual display on the water quality of the monitored water area based on the GPS position of the monitoring point and the monitoring data, and displays the information of the water quantity, the water quality, the video image and the like of each monitoring station in real time: the water quantity information displays the water level and flow real-time monitoring information and water level and flow process lines monitored by each channel; the water quality information displays five conventional index information of water quality collected by the automatic water quality monitoring station, and is compared with a water quality standard to judge whether the water quality is classified, exceeds standard and exceeds standard multiple; the shot drain outlet picture is displayed in real time, the picture analysis result can be checked, the picture can be clicked to enlarge and check the supervision classification picture, and remote sensing data are required to be introduced under special conditions for further analysis and judgment. And operations such as station positioning, historical monitoring information inquiry, statistical analysis and the like are supported.
Further, the monitoring center performs statistical analysis on the collected monitoring data, and specifically includes flow trend, accumulated flow and water quality analysis: the flow trend is used for primarily judging the water demand in the future by showing a long-period water level flow process line and combining the water demand law of crops in the irrigation area through the water level flow change trend and the history contemporaneous comparison analysis. The accumulated flow is used for displaying flow statistical data of each channel, the statistical types comprise year, month and day, and the total water intake amount is displayed in various forms such as a histogram, a pie chart and the like, and the analysis condition is compared in the past year. The water quality analysis is to perform statistical analysis on the water quality according to the specified time period by displaying the water quality index details, wherein the statistical categories comprise statistics according to the water quality category, statistics according to whether the water quality is qualified or not, and the like.
Furthermore, the monitoring center can early warn the condition that the water quantity and the water quality exceed the threshold value. And (3) storing contact persons and mobile phone numbers, setting an over-alarm threshold, and sending pre-alarm mobile phone short messages in a fixed format to mobile phones of related personnel in a grading manner once the conditions of flow, water quality exceeding and the like occur. And synchronously early warning is carried out on the software platform in a flashing mode, a sound mode and the like.
The invention combines the 3S technology, the LoRa technology and the Internet of things technology to construct a water quality monitoring system, and the constructed water quality monitoring sensing system is used for sensing and monitoring the water quality. The sensing monitoring and analysis of the water quality state of reservoirs, rivers, lakes and the like in a time-out space and large area are realized through the remote sensing technology. The LoRa technology improves the data transmission efficiency of the traditional water quality monitoring scheme, enlarges the monitoring range and reduces the overall energy consumption. The application of the sensing technology solves the problems of large sensing errors or untimely sensing and the like of people due to the water quality monitoring data quantity. Starting from the current application situations of price and performance which are urgently needed to be solved by the water quality monitoring scheme, the water quality monitoring sensing system with low energy consumption, low cost and high performance is realized. Meanwhile, the system can be used as a unified monitoring standard for integrally monitoring and controlling the earth water environment.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by the person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The water quality monitoring perception analysis method is characterized in that a water quality monitoring perception system is built by adopting a fusion 3S technology, loRa technology and an Internet of things technology to perceive water quality and the water quality is monitored through a monitoring center, and the steps of building, perception and monitoring are as follows:
acquiring remote sensing data by an RS remote sensing technology, and monitoring water body information;
analyzing, judging and setting water quality monitoring networking layout points and equipment types of all acquisition points based on water quality future change trend obtained by remote sensing data space-time deduction of a monitored water area and related data information provided by a monitoring center;
constructing a water quality monitoring LoRa networking based on the equipment types of the layout points and the acquisition points;
acquiring water quality monitoring state data in real time based on LoRa networking monitoring equipment, and acquiring remote sensing data based on RS remote sensing technology to monitor and analyze water body state in real time;
and carrying out edge calculation, data weighted analysis, fusion analysis and calculation comprehensive perception on the water quality monitoring data by classification and layering to obtain a water quality state result.
2. The water quality monitoring sensing analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of acquiring remote sensing data and monitoring water body information by remote sensing technology comprise:
real-time remote sensing data of the monitored water area environment obtained through remote sensing equipment; analyzing water quality parameters through a water quality parameter inversion model based on different spectral characteristics of purified water and a polluted water body and obtaining water body state information based on a historical remote sensing image;
the remote sensing data comprises a high-resolution image, a hyperspectral image and an environment thematic map; the water quality parameters include yellow matter, phytoplankton, total suspended matter and transparency; the water body information comprises the type, the position distribution and the distribution range of the water body pollution sources.
3. The method for sensing and analyzing water quality according to claim 1, wherein the construction of the water quality monitoring LoRa network based on the future change trend of the water quality obtained by remote sensing data space-time deduction comprises the following specific steps:
analyzing water quality parameters through a water quality parameter inversion model based on the historical remote sensing image to obtain water body state information;
analyzing time and space information in water body state information obtained by analyzing remote sensing data, and deducting to obtain future change trend of water quality;
setting a monitoring station, a monitoring point position and a monitoring point equipment type according to the future change trend of water quality;
the monitoring station installation equipment comprises LoRaWan gateway equipment, middle station monitoring equipment carrying a perception analysis module and a plurality of terminal upper computers;
the monitoring point arrangement device comprises a wireless water quality monitoring sensor of LoRa, a DTU of LoRaWan and a sensing device comprising a chlorophyll sensor, a PH sensor, an ammonia nitrogen sensor, a COD sensor and a turbidity sensor.
4. The water quality monitoring perception analysis method according to claim 3, wherein the water quality future change trend obtained based on remote sensing data space-time deduction of the monitored water area comprises the following specific steps:
acquiring historical RS remote sensing data;
acquiring a water quality inversion result through a water quality inversion model based on historical RS remote sensing data;
predicting future water quality trend according to the water quality inversion result of the historical remote sensing data;
calculating a mean value according to the trend;
and calculating the concentration ratio change trend of chlorophyll and sediment elements in water quality in each area in a partitioning manner.
5. A water quality monitoring perception analysis method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the water quality parameter inversion model is specifically as follows:
remote sensing data are obtained through an RS remote sensing technology;
preprocessing remote sensing data, including radiation calibration and atmospheric correction;
measuring a water surface spectrum based on the spectrum image, and collecting a water sample;
performing water quality index test based on the measured water surface spectrum and the collected water sample;
deriving corresponding pixel values in the spectrum image based on the GPS of the sampling point;
performing point location detection and extracting a corresponding spectrum based on pixel values pre-derived from the pre-processed RS remote sensing data;
carrying out statistical analysis on the extracted spectrum and cutting the range of the monitored water area;
and (5) performing band calculation in the range after cutting to obtain a water quality inversion result.
6. The water quality monitoring and sensing analysis method according to claim 3, wherein the specific steps of acquiring water quality monitoring data based on the LoRa networking and performing sensing analysis on the water quality monitoring data comprise:
the middle station monitoring equipment acquires water quality monitoring data of each monitoring point through LoRa networking;
the middle-stage monitoring equipment performs edge calculation on the water quality monitoring data through a perception analysis module to obtain a perception analysis result;
data cleaning is carried out;
transmitting the LoRa networking sensing data and other acquired basic data to a cloud;
the edge calculation step includes:
real-time analysis of linkage control signals based on the DTU;
analyzing and filtering redundant data;
and comparing the water quality monitoring data of each monitoring point with the set monitoring project threshold in real time.
7. The water quality monitoring sensing analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the constructed water quality monitoring sensing system is further provided with non-LoRa sensing equipment, including an unmanned plane and a camera;
the monitoring center gives an unmanned aerial vehicle instruction, utilizes the unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out water collection and water quality analysis operation on a monitored water area, and carries out comprehensive analysis and treatment according to an uploading result;
the monitoring center monitors and analyzes the water quality change condition of the monitoring area in real time through the camera, and obtains the water quality trend change through image analysis.
8. The water quality monitoring perception analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring center is provided with a water quality monitoring real-time perception analysis model for water quality comprehensive analysis, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
defining water quality analysis model rules, and performing traversal calculation based on different water quality analysis model rules;
respectively acquiring monitoring index values for water quality remote sensing monitoring, water quality basic data monitoring, image monitoring and water quality sampling;
judging the relevance of the model and each monitoring index value according to the category of the monitoring element;
according to the relevance, m items in 4 items of monitoring are selected for analysis and judgment, m items of grade and weight ratio and model rule formula are obtained, and m is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4;
judging the data uploaded by each monitoring acquisition based on a model rule, and unifying a space coordinate system based on a GIS;
setting a reasonable time section based on the minimum period of the RS data;
based on the set minimum time section, selecting the associated RS data and the acquired data to be set into the same time axis data in a unified way;
registering and comparing the element data monitored by the GPS position of the same time and same coordinate system with the same element data monitored by the RS in real time;
based on the data change trend, the mean value and the weighted value judgment and analysis, and based on the data characteristics of different elements, the final monitoring result is comprehensively judged.
9. The water quality monitoring perception analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring center adopts a 3DGIS system, and performs space visualization display on the water quality of a monitored water area based on the GPS position of a monitoring point and monitoring data, and the real-time display monitoring data comprises water quantity, water quality and real-time image information;
the water quantity information displays water level and flow real-time monitoring information and water level and flow process lines monitored by each channel;
the water quality information displays water quality index information acquired by the water quality automatic monitoring station, and is compared with a water quality standard to judge whether the water quality class, the standard exceeding object and the standard exceeding multiple;
and displaying the shot drain outlet picture in real time by the real-time image information, and displaying a picture analysis result, a supervision classification chart and remote sensing data.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitoring center performs flow trend, cumulative flow and water quality analysis on the collected monitoring data:
the flow trend analysis comprises displaying a long-period water level flow process line, and judging the future water demand by combining the water demand law of crops in the irrigation area through the water level flow change trend and the history contemporaneous comparison analysis;
the accumulated flow analysis comprises the steps of displaying flow statistical data of each channel, wherein the statistical types comprise year, month and day, and displaying the total amount of water intake in a histogram or pie chart mode and comparing analysis conditions of the past year;
the water quality analysis comprises the steps of displaying the details of various water quality indexes, carrying out statistical analysis on the water quality according to a specified time period, and carrying out statistics according to the water quality category and whether the water quality is qualified or not.
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