CN116532659A - 一种高强塑积的tc11激光熔化沉积构件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高强塑积的tc11激光熔化沉积构件及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件及其制备方法,属于TC11激光增材构件技术领域,包括以下步骤:S1在TC11基体上采用同轴同步送粉的激光熔化沉积方法制备激光增材构件;S2在真空环境下,对TC11激光熔化沉积构件进行后热处理,所述的激光熔化沉积方法采用粒径范围为75~250μm的TC11钛合金粉末,所述的后热处理包括以下步骤:A1将激光增材构件在950℃保温1h后空冷至室温;A2将冷却至室温的激光增材构件升温至530℃后保温6h,然后空冷至室温,相较于现有技术,本发明后热处理步骤简单,制得的TC11激光熔化沉积构件具有较高的强塑积。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及TC11激光增材构件技术领域,具体为一种高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件及其制备方法。
背景技术
激光增材制造技术通过直接熔化金属粉末或金属丝逐层制造出近净成型的金属构件,在制造复杂金属构件等领域具有原材料利用率高、生产周期短、产品可靠性高等优点。TC11钛合金具有密度小、比强度高、服役温度范围大、耐蚀性强及生物无毒性的特点,被广泛应用于航空、航海、化工及医疗领域。采用传统技术制造(锻、铸)大型钛合金构件存在生产成本高、制造周期长等难题。激光熔化沉积作为一种高效激光增材制造技术,为TC11钛合金在航空、航天等领域提供了技术支持。由于激光熔化沉积分层制造的特性,沉积层经历重熔和反复加热,TC11激光熔化沉积构件中存在贯穿多层的粗大柱状β晶以及大量的非平衡组织,其力学性能通常表现出高强度、低塑性、各向异性等特点。
后热处理是改善显微组织,优化力学性能的有效方法,成本低且应用普遍。激光熔化沉积构件采用固溶+时效处理可以获得强度和塑性的良好结合。对TC11激光熔化沉积构件在α+β相区进行双重热处理,晶内α相长径比变小,αGB球化、不连续、部分消失,其塑性提高,强度下降,当后热处理温度高于β相变点,其塑性下降。
对于钛合金在增材制造过程中产生的不平衡组织以及其特殊的力学性能,中国专利号CN115609007A公开了一种高效激光增材制造钛合金及改善其各向异性的热处理方法,对中间体进行热处理,“将中间体加热至910℃并保温1小时,然后风冷至600℃~800℃后,空冷至室温;将经一次退火热处理的中间体加热至530℃并保温6小时,然后空冷至室温”,需要先将中间体冷却至600℃~800℃,再冷却至室温,冷却工艺较为复杂,虽然塑性得到了一定的提高,但该处理工艺仍会造成构件一部分力学性能的损失。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:提供一种高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件及其制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1在TC11基体上采用同轴同步送粉的激光熔化沉积方法制备激光增材构件;
S2在真空环境下,对TC11激光熔化沉积构件进行后热处理,
所述的激光熔化沉积方法采用粒径范围为75~250μm的TC11钛合金粉末,所述的后热处理包括以下步骤:
A1将激光增材构件在950℃保温1h后空冷至室温;
A2将冷却至室温的激光增材构件升温至530℃后保温6h,然后空冷至室温
优选的,所述的激光熔化沉积方法中激光功率为4000W,扫描速度为800mm/min,光斑直径为8mm,送粉速率为18g/min,Z轴提升量为1mm,采用Z字形扫描路径。
优选的,所述的A1步骤中冷却速率15-25℃/min,平均20℃/min,所述的A2步骤中冷却速率15-21℃/min,平均18℃/min
本发明高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件采用前述任意一项高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件的制备方法制得。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明制得的后热处理后TC11激光熔化沉积构件,在950℃保温1h空冷至室温的试样的微观组织均匀化,高能态的α′分解为α+β相,β晶界出现球化、不连续现象。抗拉强度相对于未后热处理试样降低较小,但断裂伸长率明显提高,相较于未后热处理试样提高55.6%,强塑积提高56.2%,这归因于热处理引起的晶界α相断裂,且较快的一级热处理冷却速度促进细小的网篮状组织形成,从而抗拉强度相对较高。在530℃保温6h作为一种时效手段,获得更稳定的显微组织,消除残余应力,增强构件塑性,在此过程中析出具有强化作用Ti3Al颗粒,缓解组织粗化导致的强度降低现象。相较于现有技术,本发明后热处理步骤简单,制得的TC11激光熔化沉积构件具有较高的强塑积。
附图说明
图1本发明对照例1所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的显微形貌;
图2本发明对照例2所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的显微形貌;
图3本发明对照例3所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的显微形貌;
图4本发明对照例4所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的显微形貌;
图5本发明对照例5所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的显微形貌;
图6本发明实施例1所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的显微形貌;
图7本发明实施例与对照例所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件拉伸应力—应变曲线;
图7中:
a为对照例1所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的拉伸应力—应变曲线;
b为对照例2所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的拉伸应力—应变曲线;
c为对照例3所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的拉伸应力—应变曲线;
d为对照例4所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的拉伸应力—应变曲线;
e为对照例5所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的拉伸应力—应变曲线;
f为实施例1所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的拉伸应力—应变曲线;
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,本发明中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等,如果该特定姿态发生改变时,则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1在TC11基体上采用同轴同步送粉的激光熔化沉积方法制备激光增材构件;
S2在真空环境下,对TC11激光熔化沉积构件进行后热处理,
所述的激光熔化沉积方法采用粒径范围为75~250μm的TC11钛合金粉末。
所述的激光熔化沉积方法中激光功率为4000W,外部扫描轮廓速度为800mm/min,光斑直径为8mm,送粉速率为18g/min,Z轴提升量为1mm,采用Z字形扫描路径。
实施例1:
一种高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件,后热处理包括以下步骤:
A1将激光增材构件在950℃保温1h后空冷至室温,冷却速率15-25℃/min,平均20℃/min;
A2将冷却至室温的激光增材构件升温至530℃后保温6h,然后空冷至室温,冷却速率15-21℃/min,平均18℃/min。
对照例1:
一种高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件,不进行后热处理。
对照例2:
一种高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件,后热处理包括以下步骤:
B1将激光增材构件在950℃保温1h后风冷至室温,冷却速率30-50℃/min,平均40℃/min;
B2将冷却至室温的激光增材构件升温至530℃后保温6h,然后炉冷至室温,冷却速率6-8℃/min,平均7℃/min。
对照例3:
一种高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件,后热处理包括以下步骤:
C1将激光增材构件在950℃保温1h后炉冷至室温,冷却速率6-8℃/min,平均7℃/min;
C2将冷却至室温的激光增材构件升温至530℃后保温6h,然后炉冷至室温,冷却速率6-8℃/min,平均7℃/min。
对照例4:
一种高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件,后热处理包括以下步骤:
D1将激光增材构件在950℃保温1h后风冷至室温,冷却速率30-50℃/min,平均40℃/min;
D2将冷却至室温的激光增材构件升温至530℃后保温6h,然后空冷至室温,冷却速率15-21℃/min,平均18℃/min。
对照例5:
一种高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件,后热处理包括以下步骤:
E1将激光增材构件在950℃保温1h后炉冷至室温,冷却速率冷却速率6-8℃/min,平均7℃/min;
E2将冷却至室温的激光增材构件升温至530℃后保温6h,然后空冷至室温,冷却速率15-21℃/min,平均18℃/min。
本具体实施例获得的TC11激光熔化沉积构件的组织与性能见图1-7。
参见图1-6,本发明实施例与对照例所获得TC11激光熔化沉积构件二次电子形貌,可以看出在后热处理后,α相粗化、长径比显著减小,αGB粗化、球化、破碎。
参见图7与表1,可以看出在后热处理后,破碎αGB有效改善了TC11激光熔化沉积构件的塑性。经过后热处理的实施例1与未经过后热处理的对照例1相比,断裂伸长率提高了55.6%,强塑积提高56.2%。
表1本具体实施例所得TC11激光熔化沉积构件的力学性能数据
实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1在TC11基体上采用同轴同步送粉的激光熔化沉积方法制备激光增材构件;
S2在真空环境下,对TC11激光熔化沉积构件进行后热处理,
所述的激光熔化沉积方法采用粒径范围为75~250μm的TC11钛合金粉末,所述的后热处理包括以下步骤:
A1将激光增材构件在950℃保温1h后空冷至室温;
A2将冷却至室温的激光增材构件升温至530℃后保温6h,然后空冷至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的激光熔化沉积方法中激光功率为4000W,扫描速度为800mm/min,光斑直径为8mm,送粉速率为18g/min,Z轴提升量为1mm,采用Z字形扫描路径。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的A1步骤中冷却速率15-25℃/min,平均20℃/min,所述的A2步骤中冷却速率15-21℃/min,平均18℃/min。
4.一种高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件,其特征在于:采用如权利要求1或2中任意一项制得的高强塑积的TC11激光熔化沉积构件。
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