CN116529494A - Method for changing sliding bearing pads arranged on a rotor shaft of a rotor bearing of a wind power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for replacing a sliding bearing pad (18) arranged on a rotor shaft (16) of a rotor bearing (8) of a wind power plant (1), comprising the following method steps: -moving the sliding bearing pad (18) to be replaced to the extraction opening (41) by rotating the rotor shaft (16); releasing the axial fixing element (51) of the sliding bearing pad (18) to be replaced; -axially removing the sliding bearing pad (18) to be replaced through the extraction opening (41); -axially inserting a new sliding bearing pad (18) through said extraction opening (41); a new sliding bearing pad (18) is fixed by means of the axial fixing element (51). A sliding bearing pad exchange device (83) is used having an operating arm (94) movable relative to a base (84) for axially removing the sliding bearing pad (18) to be exchanged and for axially loading a new sliding bearing pad (18), the operating arm (94) being configured for coupling with the sliding bearing pad (18).

Description

Method for changing sliding bearing pads arranged on a rotor shaft of a rotor bearing of a wind power plant

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for changing individual sliding bearing pads of a rotor bearing and to an assembly device.

Background

A bearing element for supporting a rotor hub of a wind power plant is known from WO2011/127510 A1.

As is known from WO2011/127510A1, the bearing pads of such bearings can only be replaced with difficulty due to their size.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a method and a device by means of which a simplified replacement of the individual bearing pads of the rotor bearing can be achieved.

The object is achieved by a method and an apparatus according to the claims.

According to the invention, a method for replacing a sliding bearing pad provided on a rotor shaft of a rotor bearing of a wind power installation is provided, comprising the following method steps:

-moving the sliding bearing pads to be replaced to the removal opening by rotating the rotor shaft;

-releasing the axial fixing element or the fixing screw of the sliding bearing pad to be replaced;

-axially removing the sliding bearing pad to be replaced through the extraction opening;

-axially loading a new sliding bearing pad through said extraction opening;

-fixing the new sliding bearing pad by means of the axial fixing element or by means of the fixing screw.

In order to axially remove the sliding bearing pad to be replaced and to axially insert a new sliding bearing pad, a sliding bearing pad replacing device is used, which has an actuating arm that is configured to be coupled to the sliding bearing pad. Furthermore, provision may be made for: the operating arm is movably configured with respect to the base.

The method according to the invention brings the following advantages: by using a sliding bearing pad exchange device or by axially removing the sliding bearing pad, maintenance of the wind power installation can be significantly simplified. Thus, not only the operational reliability but also the efficiency can be additionally improved.

Furthermore, it may be desirable to: the actuating arm is coupled to the sliding bearing pad by means of a connecting element, in particular by means of a screw, on the end face of which a profiled element, in particular a thread, is formed, which interacts with the connecting element. This brings the following advantages: by means of the connecting element, the sliding bearing pad can be coupled simply with the operating arm, so that a simple exchange of the sliding bearing pad is possible.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the base is fastened to the rotor shaft by means of fastening elements, in particular by means of clamping straps. This brings the following advantages: by this measure, the sliding bearing pad replacing device can be stably held in position, so that possible movements at the time of sliding bearing pad replacement can be minimized.

Additionally or alternatively thereto, provision may be made for: the base of the sliding bearing pad exchanging device is fixed to the spindle nut by means of a fixing means.

In a further alternative variant, provision may be made for: the base is fixed to the bearing support by means of fixing means. This brings the following advantages: by this measure, the sliding bearing pad exchanging device can be stably held in position, so that possible movements in the sliding bearing pad exchange can be minimized.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: in order to remove the sliding bearing pad from the actuating arm and to fix a new sliding bearing pad to the actuating arm, a lifting arm is used, which is fixed to the circumferential side of the sliding bearing pad in such a way that the actuating arm and the lifting arm can be fixed to the sliding bearing pad at the same time. This brings the following advantages: the sliding bearing pad can be pulled out of the outer ring element axially from its operating position by means of the sliding bearing pad exchange device and can then be removed from the actuating arm by means of the lifting arm, for example by means of a crane. When a new sliding bearing pad is installed, it can be lifted in reverse order by means of the lifting arm to the operating arm, so that it can be accommodated on the operating arm and can be installed by means of the operating arm in the axial direction into its operating position.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the movement of the operating arm relative to the base of the sliding bearing pad exchanging device is driven by means of a battery screwdriver. This brings the following advantages: the sliding pad changing device does not have to have a separate drive and can thus be constructed as cost-effectively and simply as possible. In addition, battery screwdrivers are standard tools that maintenance personnel always carry with them under normal conditions.

A sliding bearing pad exchanging apparatus for exchanging sliding bearing pads provided on a rotor shaft of a rotor bearing of a wind power plant, the sliding bearing pad exchanging apparatus comprising:

-a base;

-an operating arm movable relative to the base, the operating arm being configured for coupling with the sliding bearing pad.

The sliding bearing pad exchanging device according to the present invention brings the following advantages: by using a sliding bearing pad exchange device or by axially removing the sliding bearing pad, maintenance of the wind power installation can be significantly simplified. Thus, not only the operational reliability but also the efficiency can be increased.

According to one development, it is possible to: the actuating arm is arranged on a guide carriage, which is coupled to a linear guide, which can be moved relative to the base by means of an adjusting spindle. This brings the following advantages: by this measure, the operating arm can be moved simply with respect to the base in order to enable a sliding bearing pad exchange.

Furthermore, it may be desirable to: the adjusting spindle is coupled to a shaft end in a torque manner, which is designed such that it can be coupled to a battery screwdriver. This brings the following advantages: the sliding pad changing device does not have to have a separate drive and can thus be constructed as cost-effectively and simply as possible. In addition, battery screwdrivers are standard tools that maintenance personnel always carry with them under normal conditions. Alternatively thereto, provision may be made for: a handle is arranged on the shaft end.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the first roller way and the second roller way are coupled with the base, the first roller way and the second roller way are respectively provided with a plurality of supporting rollers, the first roller way and the second roller way are arranged at intervals, and the operating arm is arranged between the first roller way and the second roller way. By means of the first roller way and the second roller way, the sliding bearing pad can be moved smoothly out of its position in the sliding bearing. The sliding bearing pads can be placed on the two roller tables and thus simply moved axially.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the first roller way and the second roller way are bent downwards on the front end part. This brings the following advantages: by this measure, the sliding bearing pad can be moved simply beyond the spindle nut fixed to the rotor shaft.

According to one particular embodiment, it is possible to: the linear guide is disposed at an angle to a bearing surface of the base. This brings the following advantages: the sliding bearing pad can be pulled out axially from its position in the sliding bearing, but can also be lifted at the same time as the sliding bearing pad is pulled out axially.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the operating arm has at least a first operating arm part and a second operating arm part, the first operating arm part being configured for coupling with the sliding bearing pad, and the first operating arm part being movable in a circumferential direction relative to the second operating arm part. This brings the following advantages: by this measure, the sliding bearing pad can be positioned precisely in its operating position.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the operating arm is movable in a radial direction relative to the guide carriage. This brings the following advantages: by this measure, the sliding bearing pad can be positioned precisely in its operating position.

In accordance with an advantageous development, it can be provided that: the operating arm is arranged on a lifting slide seat of a lifting device, and the lifting device is used for enlarging the distance between the operating arm and the linear guide device. This brings the following advantages: the sliding bearing pads can be actively lifted from the rotor shaft.

Advantageous in particular may be: the actuating arm has at least a first actuating arm part and a second actuating arm part, which are designed to be coupled to the sliding bearing pad, and which are coupled to one another by means of a first pivot joint such that the first actuating arm part is mounted in a pivotable manner together with the sliding bearing pad coupled thereto relative to the second actuating arm part. This brings the following advantages: the sliding bearing pad can be rotated out of or pulled out of its position in the sliding bearing in a combination of axial and rotational movement.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the second actuating arm part is coupled with the lifting slide of the lifting device in a deflectable manner by means of a second pivot joint. This brings about an additional simplification in the disassembly of the sliding bearing pads.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the first pivot joint has a first pivot angle limiter by means of which the angle of deflection between the first and the second actuating arm part, in particular the angle of deflection is limited to less than 10 °, preferably less than 5 °, and/or the second pivot joint has a second pivot angle limiter by means of which the angle of deflection between the second actuating arm part and the lifting carriage of the lifting device, in particular the angle of deflection is limited to less than 10 °, preferably less than 5 °. This brings the following advantages: the sliding bearing pad exchange device, in particular the actuating arm, on the one hand allows a certain deflection for tilting the sliding bearing pad and, by means of the rotational angle limitation, the sliding bearing pad can be lifted at the same time, despite the eccentric fastening point on the sliding bearing pad and the tilting moment introduction.

Drawings

For a better understanding of the invention, the latter is explained in detail with the aid of the following figures.

In a very simplified schematic respectively:

fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a wind power installation;

fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a sliding bearing;

fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of a sliding bearing;

fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a longitudinal section of a first embodiment of a sliding bearing;

fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a longitudinal section of a first embodiment of a sliding bearing with the cover hidden away;

FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of an outer annular element;

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a rotor shaft having a sliding bearing pad disposed thereon;

fig. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a third embodiment of a sliding bearing;

fig. 9 shows a perspective view of a longitudinal section of a third embodiment of a sliding bearing;

fig. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a sliding bearing;

fig. 11 shows a perspective view of an outer annular element of a third embodiment of a sliding bearing;

fig. 12 shows a first perspective view of a sliding bearing pad of a third embodiment of a sliding bearing;

fig. 13 shows a second perspective view of a sliding bearing pad of a third embodiment of a sliding bearing;

fig. 14 shows a third perspective view of a sliding bearing pad of a third embodiment of a sliding bearing;

Fig. 15 shows a first perspective view of a first embodiment of a sliding bearing pad changing device;

fig. 16 shows a second perspective detail of the first embodiment of the sliding bearing pad changing device;

fig. 17 shows a first perspective view of a second embodiment of a sliding bearing pad changing device;

fig. 18 shows a second perspective view of a second embodiment of a sliding bearing pad changing device;

FIG. 19 shows a first perspective view of another embodiment of a sliding bearing with sliding bearing pads that are threadably connected to a sliding bearing pad receiving ring;

FIG. 20 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a sliding bearing with sliding bearing pads that are threadably coupled to a sliding bearing pad receiving ring;

FIG. 21 shows a third embodiment of a sliding bearing pad exchange device;

fig. 22 shows an embodiment of a lifting arm.

Detailed Description

First, it is pointed out that: in the various embodiments described, identical components are provided with identical reference numerals or identical component names, wherein the disclosure contained throughout the description can be transferred in a meaning to identical components having identical reference numerals or identical component names. The position descriptions selected in the description, such as up, down, sideways, etc., refer also to the figures described directly and shown and are transferred in a meaning to the new position when the position is changed.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of a wind power installation 1 for generating electrical energy from wind energy. The wind power installation 1 comprises a nacelle 2 which is rotatably received on a tower 3. The nacelle 2 comprises a nacelle housing 4, which constitutes the main structure of the nacelle 2. Electrical components, for example, a generator of the wind power installation 1, are arranged in the nacelle housing 4 of the nacelle 2.

Furthermore, a rotor 5 is provided, which has a rotor hub 6 with rotor blades 7 arranged thereon. The rotor hub 6 is considered to be part of the nacelle 2. The rotor hub 6 is rotatably mounted on the nacelle housing 4 by means of a rotor bearing 8. In particular, provision is made for: a slide bearing 9 according to the invention and described in more detail is used as the rotor bearing 8. In particular, provision can be made for: the rotor hub 6 is arranged on a rotor shaft 16, the rotor shaft 16 being supported in a rotor bearing 8.

The rotor bearing 8 for supporting the rotor hub 6 on the nacelle housing 4 of the nacelle 2 is configured for receiving radial forces 10 and axial forces 11. The axial force 11 is determined by the wind force. The radial force 10 is determined by the weight of the rotor 5 and acts on the centre of gravity of the rotor 5. Because the center of gravity of the rotor 5 is located outside the rotor bearing 8, a tilting moment 12 is induced in the rotor bearing 8 by the radial force 10. The tilting moment 12 can likewise be caused by uneven loading of the rotor blades 7. This tilting moment 12 can be received by means of a second bearing, which is arranged at a distance from the rotor bearing 8. The second bearing can be configured, for example, in the region of the generator.

Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a sliding bearing 9 fitted into the nacelle 2. Of course, the sliding bearing 9 shown in fig. 2 can also be used in all other industrial applications outside of wind power installations. The slide bearing 9 is shown in a perspective view in fig. 2.

Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a first exemplary embodiment of a sliding bearing 9.

The sliding bearing 9 is described below with the aid of an overview of fig. 2 and 3.

As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, provision can be made for: the slide bearing 9 has an inner ring element 13 and an outer ring element 14. Between the inner ring element 13 and the outer ring element 14 a sliding bearing element 15 is arranged for rotationally sliding support of the inner ring element 13 relative to the outer ring element 14.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2 and 3, the inner annular element 13 is designed as a rotor shaft 16. Of course, the inner annular element 13 may also be another shaft. Furthermore, it is also conceivable that: the inner annular element 13 is constructed as a separate component which is accommodated on a shaft, in particular a rotor shaft 16.

As can be seen particularly well from fig. 3, provision can be made for: the outer annular element 14 is accommodated in a bearing support 17. In particular, provision can be made for: the bearing support 17 is coupled with the nacelle housing 4 or, alternatively, is also formed directly in the nacelle housing 4. Thus, in this embodiment it may be provided that: the outer ring element 14 is rigidly coupled to the nacelle housing 4 and the inner ring element 13 is rotatable with respect to the outer ring element 14 about a rotation axis 19 by means of a plain bearing element 15.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the bearing support 17 serves directly as the outer annular element 14.

The rotor shaft 16 is thereby rotatably accommodated in the nacelle housing 4 by means of the slide bearing 9.

As can also be seen from fig. 2 and 3, provision can be made for: the sliding bearing element 15 comprises a plurality of individual sliding bearing pads 18 which are arranged in a distributed manner over the periphery between the inner annular element 13 and the outer annular element 14.

The respective slide bearing pad 18 is fixedly coupled to the inner annular element 13 in the operating state of the slide bearing 9 by the configuration shown in fig. 3 and thus rotates together with the inner annular element relative to the outer annular element 14. In order to be able to carry out a rotational movement between the inner ring element 13 and the outer ring element 14, a bearing surface 20 is formed on each sliding bearing pad 18, which bearing surface, in the ready-to-use state of the sliding bearing 9, rests against a counter surface 21 of the outer ring element 14. The mating surface 21 is provided on an inner side 22 of the outer annular element 14.

The bearing surface 20 of the sliding bearing pad 18 and the mating surface 21 of the outer annular element 14 are designed as sliding surfaces which slide against one another during operation of the sliding bearing 9. In particular, provision can be made for: the mating surface 21 of the outer annular element 14 is designed as a hard, wear-resistant surface, which can be formed, for example, from hardened steel. The bearing surface 20 of the sliding bearing pad 18 may be composed of a soft sliding bearing material compared to the mating surface 21. Of course, it is also conceivable to: the bearing surface 20 has a sliding coating.

As can be seen particularly well from fig. 3, provision can be made for: each sliding bearing pad 18 has a bearing surface 20 which arches as seen in the axial direction.

As can also be seen from fig. 3, provision can be made for: the bearing surface 20 has a first diameter 24 in the region of a first end side 23 of the sliding bearing pad 18. The bearing surface 20 may be enlarged in diameter from the first end 23 toward the apex 25. The bearing surface 20 may have a diameter 26 in the apex 25.

Starting from the apex 25, the bearing surface 20 can decrease in diameter toward the second end 27 of the sliding bearing pad 18. In the region of the second end face 27, the bearing surface 20 can have a second diameter 28.

In particular, provision can be made for: a ball and socket joint section 29 is formed between the first end side 23 and the apex 25. The ball joint section 29 may have the basic shape of a ball joint with a ball joint radius 30.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the apex 25 is disposed at a distance 33 from the second end side 27 of the sliding bearing pad 18. The sliding bearing pad 18 may have an axially extending dimension 34.

Fig. 4 shows a perspective sectional view of a first embodiment of the slide bearing 9, the same reference numerals or component names as in the preceding fig. 1 to 3 being used again for the same components. To avoid unnecessary repetition, see or refer to the detailed description in the previous fig. 1 to 3.

As can be seen from fig. 4, provision can be made for: a cover 36 is provided on one axial end 35 of the bearing support 17. The cover 36 serves to close the inner space of the bearing support 17.

As can also be seen from fig. 4, provision can be made for: a lubricant reservoir 37 for containing lubricant 38 is connected to the cover 36. In particular, a through-hole 39 can be provided in the cover 36, through which the lubricating oil 38 can flow from the lubricating oil reservoir 37 into the interior of the bearing support 17.

Fig. 5 shows a perspective sectional view of the slide bearing 9, the same reference numerals or component designations as in the preceding fig. 1 to 4 being used again for the same components. To avoid unnecessary repetition, see or refer to the detailed description in fig. 1 to 4 previously.

In fig. 5, the cover 36 and the lubricant reservoir 37 are hidden for clarity. The inner components of the slide bearing 9 are thus visible.

As can be seen from fig. 5, provision can be made for: in the outer annular element 14, a removal opening 41 is formed for axially removing individual ones of the sliding bearing pads 18.

Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of the outer ring element 14, again using the same reference numerals or component names as in the preceding fig. 1 to 5 for the same components. To avoid unnecessary repetition, see or refer to the detailed description in the previous fig. 1 to 5.

In fig. 6, the removal opening 41 is particularly well visible.

As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, provision can be made for: the removal opening 41 interrupts the mating surface 21 formed in the outer annular element 14 at least in some areas. In particular, provision can be made for: the removal opening 41 extends from a first end 42 of the outer annular element 14. In particular, provision can be made for: the removal opening 41 does not extend as far as the second end side 43 of the outer annular element 14. Specifically, the removal opening 41 may extend only up to the apex 25.

As can be seen particularly well from the overview of fig. 3 and 6, provision can be made for: the outlet opening 41 is configured as a radially widened portion toward the first end side 42. Here, it can be provided in particular that: the first take-out opening area 45 and the second take-out opening area 46 are configured with different radial widenings. Furthermore, provision may be made for: the second withdrawal opening region 46, which is arranged closer to the first end side 42 of the outer annular element 14, has a larger radial widening than the first withdrawal opening region 45.

In a further embodiment, not shown, it is of course also possible to provide that: the removal opening 41 penetrates completely through the outer annular element 14 in the radial direction.

Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of a rotor shaft 16 with a sliding bearing pad 18 arranged thereon, the same reference numerals or component designations being used again for the same components as in the previous fig. 1 to 6. To avoid unnecessary repetition, see or refer to the detailed description in the previous fig. 1 to 6.

As can be seen from the overview of fig. 6 and 7, provision can be made for: the removal opening 41 has a circumferentially extending dimension 47. Each sliding bearing pad 18 may have a circumferentially extending dimension 48.

As can be seen particularly well from fig. 5, provision can be made for: a spindle nut 49 is provided, which can be screwed onto the rotor shaft 16. An axial fastening element holder 50 for receiving a single axial fastening element 51 can be formed on the spindle nut 49. In particular, provision can be made for: the axial fixing element holder 50 comprises a threaded bore into which the individual axial fixing element 51 can be screwed in the radial direction by means of a fixing screw 52.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the axial securing element 51 has a wedge surface 54 on the axial end face 53. A first mating wedge surface 55 may be formed on the first end side 23 of the sliding bearing pad 18. In particular, provision can be made for: the wedge surface 54 interacts with or bears against the first mating wedge surface 55.

As can also be seen from fig. 5, provision can be made for: an axial stop ring 56 is provided, which, together with the axial fixing element 51, serves to clamp the sliding bearing pad 18. The respective sliding bearing pad 18 can be clamped in particular between the axial stop ring 56 and the axial securing element 51.

As can be seen from fig. 5, provision can be made for: the axial stop ring 56 has a wedge surface 57 which is designed in such a way that a positive-locking connection between the sliding bearing pad 18 and the axial stop ring 56 is possible.

As can also be seen from fig. 5, provision can be made for: the bearing support 17 has an axial stop 62 for the outer annular element 14. Furthermore, provision may be made for: in the axial stop 62, a recess 63 is formed, which corresponds to the removal opening 4.

In the assembled state of the slide bearing 9, the outer annular element 14 is accommodated in the bearing support 17.

An axial stop ring 56 may be fixed to the rotor shaft 16. In addition, a shaft nut 49 may be threaded onto the rotor shaft 16. As can be seen from fig. 5, a single sliding bearing pad 18 can be clamped between the axial stop ring 56 and the respective at least one axial fixing element 51. The sliding bearing pad 18 can be coupled to the rotor shaft 16 in a form-locking manner both in the axial direction and in the radial direction by means of the form-locking shape of the axial stop ring 56 or the axial fastening element 51.

To replace each sliding bearing pad 18, the cover 36 may be removed from the bearing support 17. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to: a service opening is formed in the cover 36, which service opening can be associated with the cover 36, whereby the interior space of the bearing support 17 can be accessed.

In a further alternative, it is also conceivable that: cover 36 is configured separately such that it can be radially removed from rotor shaft 16 and does not have to be moved along rotor shaft 16 in an axial direction. Here, the cover 36 may be configured separately in a center plane, for example.

Fig. 8 to 11 show a further, if appropriate self-contained third embodiment of the slide bearing 9, the same reference numerals or component designations as in the previous fig. 1 to 9 being used again for the same components. To avoid unnecessary repetition, see or refer to the detailed description in the previous fig. 1 to 9.

As can be seen from fig. 9, provision can be made for: rotor shaft 16 has a rotor shaft flange 71, which can be used for the flange connection of rotor hub 6.

As can be seen from fig. 10, provision can be made for: a space holding portion 73 is formed on each sliding bearing pad 18. The pitch maintaining portion 73 is used for proper spacing of the respective sliding bearing pads 18 from each other in the circumferential direction. In particular, provision can be made for: the distance holders 73 are formed only in the region of the inner side 72 on at least one of the circumferential sides 74 of the sliding bearing pad 18 and do not extend over the entire height of the sliding bearing pad 18. Furthermore, provision may be made for: a space holding portion 73 is formed on both circumferential sides 74 of the sliding bearing pad 18.

As can be seen particularly well from fig. 11, provision can be made for: a filling element 80 is provided for insertion into the removal opening 41 of the outer ring element 14. The filling element 80 can complete or at least partially complete the mating surface 21 in the installed state. This results in improved slip properties.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the filling element 80 is coupled to the outer ring element 14 by means of a form-locking connection 81, in particular by means of a connecting groove. Furthermore, provision may be made for: the filling element 80 is fixed in its position by means of a not shown fixing element.

In fig. 12 to 14, a detailed view of the slide bearing pad 18 in a third exemplary embodiment of the slide bearing 9 is shown in different perspective views, the same reference numerals or component designations as in the previous fig. 1 to 11 being used again for the same components. To avoid unnecessary repetition, see or refer to the detailed description in fig. 1 to 11 previously.

As can be seen particularly well from fig. 14, provision can be made for: on the inner side 72 of the sliding bearing mat 18, a receptacle 70 is formed for a form-locking connection with the lifting device.

As can be seen from fig. 14, provision can be made for: on the first end side 23 of the sliding bearing pad 18, a shaped element 69, in particular a threaded bore, is formed, which serves to accommodate the connecting element. By means of said profiled element 69, the sliding bearing pad 18 can be coupled with a sliding bearing pad exchange device 83.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: in the region of the shaped element 69, a recess 82 is formed, which serves to couple the sliding bearing pad 18 to the sliding bearing pad exchange device 83 in a manner that cooperates with the shaped element 69.

Fig. 15 and 16 show in perspective views a first exemplary embodiment of a sliding bearing pad exchange device 83, which is arranged on the rotor shaft 16 in its exchange position, and for the same components again the same reference numerals or component names as in the previous fig. 1 to 14 are used. To avoid unnecessary repetition, see or refer to the detailed description in the previous fig. 1 to 14.

As can be seen from fig. 15, provision can be made for: the sliding bearing pad changer 83 has a base 84, which may have a shaft bearing surface 85. In particular, provision can be made for: the base 84 is placed on the rotor shaft 16 on its shaft bearing surface 85. Furthermore, provision may be made for: a recess is formed in the base 84, through which a fastening element 86, in particular a clamping strap guide, can be guided in order to be able to fasten the base 84 to the rotor shaft 16.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: a linear guide 87 is provided on the base 84, in which a guide slide 88 is guided longitudinally displaceably. In particular, provision can be made for: the guide carriage 88 has a ball circulation guide, by means of which it is guided in a linear guide 87.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the linear guide 87 is disposed at an angle 89 relative to the shaft bearing surface 85. The angle 89 may be 0.1 ° to 45 °, in particular 1 ° to 30 °, preferably 5 ° to 15 °.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: a lifting device 90 is formed on the guide carriage 88, which lifting device has a lifting carriage 91. The lifting carriage 91 can be constructed so as to be movable relative to the guide carriage 88 by means of a lifting guide 92. Furthermore, a lifting shaft 93 can be provided, by means of which the lifting carriage 91 can be moved. In particular, provision can be made for: the lifting shaft 93 may be coupled with and may be driven by a battery screwdriver.

As can be seen particularly well from fig. 16, provision can be made for: the operating arm 94 is coupled to the lifting slide 91. In particular, provision can be made for: the operation arm 94 has a first operation arm part 95 and a second operation arm part 96. The first operating arm member 95 may be configured to couple with the sliding bearing pad 18. In particular, provision can be made for: the first operating arm member 95 and the second operating arm member 96 are coupled to each other by means of a first rotational hinge 97. Furthermore, provision may be made for: the second actuating arm part 96 is coupled to the lifting carriage 91 of the lifting device 90 by means of a second pivot joint 98. Furthermore, provision may be made for: in the region of the first pivot joint 97, a first pivot angle limiter 99 is provided, which serves to limit the pivot angle between the first actuating arm part 95 and the second actuating arm part 96. Furthermore, provision may be made for: in the region of the second pivot joint 98, a second pivot angle limiter 100 is provided, which serves to limit the pivot angle between the second actuating arm part 96 and the lifting slide 91.

As can also be seen from fig. 16, provision can be made for: the sliding bearing pad 18 is coupled with the first operating arm part 95 of the operating arm 94 by means of a connecting element 101. The connecting element 101 can be configured, for example, in the form of a set screw. Furthermore, provision may be made for: the first actuating arm part 95 is adapted to the shape of the recess 82 of the sliding bearing pad 18, so that a positive-locking connection can be established between the sliding bearing pad 18 and the first actuating arm part 95.

As can be further seen from fig. 15, provision can be made for: an adjusting spindle 102 is provided, by means of which the guide carriage 88 can be moved on the linear guide 87. Furthermore, provision may be made for: the adjusting spindle is coupled to a shaft end which is designed such that it can be coupled to a battery screw driver.

In fig. 17 and 18, a second exemplary embodiment of a sliding bearing pad exchange device 83 is shown, wherein the same reference numerals or component designations as in fig. 1 to 16 have been used again for the same components. To avoid unnecessary repetition, see or refer to the detailed description in previous fig. 1 to 16.

As can be seen from fig. 17 and 18, it can be stated that: the sliding bearing pad changer 83 includes a first roller table 103 and a second roller table 104, and a plurality of support rollers 105 are provided on the roller tables 103 and 104, respectively. Furthermore, provision may be made for: a support recess 108 or two support recesses 108 are formed in the sliding bearing mat 18, which support recesses are each used for supporting the support roller 105 of the first roller table 103 and of the second roller table 104.

As can be seen particularly well from fig. 18, provision can be made for: the first roller table 103 and the second roller table 104 are arranged at a distance 106 from one another, so that the sliding bearing pads 18 can be stably placed on the first roller table 103 and the second roller table 104.

As can also be seen from fig. 17 and 18, an actuating arm 94 can also be provided in this exemplary embodiment, which has a first actuating arm part 95 and a second actuating arm part 96, the first actuating arm part 95 being configured for coupling with a sliding bearing pad. The second operating arm member 96 may be coupled with the guide slide 88.

As can be further seen from fig. 18, provision can be made for: the first roller way 103 and the second roller way 104 are curved downwards on the front end 107. The support roller 105 can be arranged in particular in one plane in the main part of the first roller table 103 and the second roller table 104 and in the region of the front end 107 in another plane which is configured at an angle oblique to the first plane.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: in the region of the front end 107, a recess 109 is formed, which can correspond to the shape of the spindle nut 49, so that the first roller table 103 and the second roller table 104 can be placed on the spindle nut 49 in such a way that the sliding bearing pad 18 to be replaced can be pulled out directly from its position in the sliding bearing 9.

In the following, a procedure for changing the individual sliding bearing pads 18 is described, the actual changing procedure being described separately by means of the first embodiment 3 of the sliding bearing pad changing device 8 and by means of the second embodiment of the sliding bearing pad changing device 83. The preliminary work for changing the individual sliding bearing pads 18 is identical for both embodiments and is thus described jointly.

To expose the sliding bearing pad 18, the cover 36 may be removed or a void in the cover 36 may be opened so that the sliding bearing pad 18 is axially accessible. The sliding bearing pads 18 to be replaced can then be rotated into the region of the removal opening 41. The axial securing element 51 of the sliding bearing mat 18 to be replaced can then be released and removed. The sliding bearing pad 18 to be replaced is thereby no longer clamped on the rotor shaft 16.

In a further method step, the sliding bearing pad 18 to be replaced can be moved axially or optionally simultaneously also radially outwards through the removal opening 41 in order to remove the sliding bearing pad 18 from the interior of the bearing support 17. In a further method step, the new sliding bearing pad 18 can be inserted again into the interior of the bearing support 17 or clamped with the axial fastening element 51 in reverse order. This process may be repeated for all sliding bearing pads 18 to be replaced.

The interior of the bearing support 17 can then be closed again by means of the cover 36 and the slide bearing 9 can thus be readied again for operation.

During the actual replacement of the sliding bearing pads 18 with the first exemplary embodiment of the sliding bearing pad replacement device 83, the sliding bearing pad replacement device can be placed in its position provided for this purpose and fastened to the rotor shaft 16 or the shaft nut 49. The first actuating arm part 95 can then be coupled with the sliding bearing pad 18 to be replaced by means of the connecting element 101.

The guide carriage 88 can then be moved along the linear guide 87 in the axial direction, so that the sliding bearing pad can be pulled out of its position axially.

Subsequently or in parallel with this, the lifting slide 91 can be lifted up, so that the sliding bearing pad 18 can be lifted up onto the spindle nut 49. The guide carriage 88 can then be moved further axially so that the sliding bearing pad 18 can be completely removed from the sliding bearing 9.

In lifting the sliding bearing pad 18, this can be achieved by a first rotational angle limiter 99 or by a second rotational angle limiter 100: despite the eccentric accommodation of the sliding bearing pads and the introduction of the tilting moment, the sliding bearing pads 18 can still be lifted completely, approximately in a horizontal orientation or slightly inclined.

With the sliding bearing pad replacing device 83 corresponding to the second embodiment, sliding bearing pad replacement is performed as follows. The first operating arm member 95 is coupled with the sliding bearing pad 18 to be replaced. The sliding bearing pad 18 to be replaced is then pulled out of its position in the axial direction by moving the guide carriage 88 over the linear guide 87.

In this case, the support recess 108 is first supported on the support roller 105 in the region of the front end 107 of the first roller table 103 or of the second roller table 104. The sliding bearing pad 18 is then slid out of its sliding bearing position on the support roller 105 with further pulling by means of the operating arm 94 or by means of the guide slide 88.

For both variants of embodiment of the sliding bearing pad exchanging device 83, the insertion of new sliding bearing pads takes place in reverse order.

Fig. 19 and 20 show a further, if appropriate self-contained fourth embodiment of the slide bearing 9, the same reference numerals or component designations as in the previous fig. 1 to 16 being used again for the same components. To avoid unnecessary repetition, see or refer to the detailed description in the previous fig. 1 to 18.

In fig. 19 and 20, only one single sliding bearing pad 18 is shown for simplicity, however, as in the previous embodiment, a plurality of sliding bearing pads in the sliding bearing pad 18 may also be arranged in a uniformly distributed manner over the periphery.

As can be seen from fig. 20, provision can be made for: a sliding bearing pad receiving ring 110 is provided on the inner ring element 13 for receiving the respective sliding bearing pad 18.

In particular, provision can be made for: each sliding bearing pad 18 has a shoulder 114 on its inner side 72. The shoulder 114 can be configured as an abutment surface, so that the sliding bearing pad 18 can abut against the first end face 115 of the sliding bearing pad receiving ring 110 in the region of the shoulder 114. Thereby, the sliding bearing pad 18 can be positioned with respect to the sliding bearing pad accommodating ring 110 in the axial direction.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: shoulder 114 defines a void 116 configured on inner side 72 of sliding bearing pad 18. The recess 116 can extend from the second end 27 of the sliding bearing pad 18 up to the shoulder 114. The recess 116 or the shoulder 114 can be rotationally symmetrical.

In particular, provision can be made for: in the installed state of the sliding bearing pad 18, the sliding bearing pad accommodating ring 110 is at least partially accommodated in the recess 116 of the sliding bearing pad 18.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: a plurality of threaded holes 111 are configured on the first end side 115 of the sliding bearing pad receiving ring 110. Corresponding to the threaded bores 111, one, in particular a plurality of through-holes 112 can each be formed in the sliding bearing pad 18.

Furthermore, a fixing screw 113 can be guided through the through-hole 112, which can be screwed into the threaded hole 111 and can thus be used to fix the sliding bearing pad 18 on the sliding bearing pad receiving ring 110.

As can also be seen from fig. 20, provision can be made for: the second end 117 of the sliding bearing pad accommodation ring 110 rests on the axle projection 118. The sliding bearing pad receiving ring 110 can thereby be positioned axially on the inner annular element 13.

In the embodiment according to fig. 19 and 20, instead of releasing the axial securing element 51 of the sliding bearing pad 18 to be replaced, a subsequent method step can be carried out.

The individual set screws 113 of the sliding bearing pads to be replaced can be loosened and removed. The sliding bearing pad 18 to be replaced is thereby no longer clamped on the sliding bearing pad receiving ring 110.

In a further method step, the sliding bearing pad 18 to be replaced can be moved axially or optionally simultaneously also radially outwards through the removal opening 41 in order to remove the sliding bearing pad 18 from the interior of the bearing support 17. In a further method step, a new sliding bearing pad 18 can be inserted again into the interior of the bearing support 17 or fastened to the sliding bearing pad receiving ring 110 with the aid of the fastening screws 113 in the reverse order. This process may be repeated for all sliding bearing pads 18 to be replaced.

Fig. 21 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a sliding bearing pad exchange device 83, in which again the same reference numerals or component designations as in fig. 1 to 20 have been used for the same components. To avoid unnecessary repetition, see or refer to the detailed description in the previous fig. 1 to 20.

The third embodiment of the sliding bearing pad exchanging device 83 can be used in particular for exchanging the sliding bearing pad 18 in the sliding bearing pad arrangement as provided in fig. 19 and 20.

As can be seen from fig. 21, provision can be made for: the sliding bearing pad exchange device 83 has a base 84 which is designed to be coupled to the bearing support 17.

In particular, provision can be made for: the base 84 may be screwed into a threaded bore of the bearing support 17 by means of a set screw. The threaded holes in the bearing support 17 can be used, for example, for receiving or for fixing a bearing cap.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: a linear guide 87 in the form of a guide rod is fastened to the base 84, and a guide slide 88 is guided on the guide rod. Furthermore, provision may be made for: the adjusting spindle 102 is designed to move the guide carriage 88 relative to the base 84 and is coupled to a steering wheel 119 for introducing a rotational movement.

As can also be seen from fig. 21, provision can be made for: the actuating arm 94 is coupled to the guide carriage 88 by means of an actuating arm fastening means 121, in particular by means of screws. Furthermore, provision may be made for: between the guide carriage 88 and the actuating arm 94, a radial adjustment unit 120 is provided, which serves to move the actuating arm 94 in a radial direction relative to the guide carriage 88. The radial adjustment unit 120 may, for example, have an adjustment screw that is coupled to the actuating arm 94. For the adjustability of the actuating arm 94 relative to the guide carriage 88, provision can be made for: the operating arm fixing means 121 is guided in the long hole guide.

As can also be seen from fig. 121, provision can be made for: the operating arm 94 has a first operating arm part 95 and a second operating arm part 96, the first operating arm part 95 being configured for coupling with the sliding bearing pad 18.

In particular, provision can be made for: a guide groove 122 is configured between the first operating arm member 95 and the second operating arm member 96. Here, provision can be made for: the first operating arm member 95 is guided in a guide groove 122 of the second operating arm member 96, and the first operating arm member 95 and the second operating arm member 96 may be movable relative to each other. The first actuating arm 95 and the second actuating arm 96 can be coupled to one another by means of an actuating arm fixing device 123.

As can be seen from fig. 21, the lever arm part securing means 123 can be constructed in the form of a screw. Furthermore, provision may be made for: a circumferential adjustment unit 124 is configured, by means of which the first operating arm member 95 can be moved in the circumferential direction relative to the second operating arm member 96. Here, the operating arm member fixing means 123 may be accommodated in a long hole accommodating portion in the second operating arm member 96. The circumferential adjustment unit 124 may also include an adjustment screw.

Fig. 22 shows a first embodiment of a lifting arm 125 for removing a sliding bearing pad 18 from a sliding bearing pad exchanging device 83 or for loading a new sliding bearing pad 18 into the sliding bearing pad exchanging device 83. As can be seen from fig. 22, provision can be made for: the lifting arms 125 are fixed on the circumferential side 74 of the sliding bearing pad 18 by means of fixing screws 126. The lifting arm 125 may have a lifting receptacle 127, on which the lifting arm 125 may be coupled with a lifting device, for example a crane.

Furthermore, provision may be made for: the lift receiver 127 is adjustable relative to the lift arm set screw 126 such that the lift arm 125 can be configured such that when the sliding bearing pad 18 is oriented horizontally, the lift receiver 127 extends through the center of mass of the lift arm 125 along with the sliding bearing pad 18.

The examples show possible embodiments, and attention is directed here to: the invention is not limited to the embodiments specifically shown, but rather different combinations of the individual embodiment variants with one another are also possible and such variants are within the ability of the person skilled in the art based on the teaching of technical means by means of the specific invention.

The protection scope is defined by the claims. However, the specification and drawings are considered for the purpose of interpreting the claims. Individual features or combinations of features in the different embodiments shown and described can themselves be independent inventive solutions. The task of the solution based on the independent invention can be derived from the description.

All statements of numerical ranges in this specification should be understood such that the numerical ranges together include any and all resulting subranges, e.g., from 1 to 10, such that all subranges beginning with a lower limit of 1 and an upper limit of 10, i.e., all subranges beginning with a lower limit of 1 or more and ending with an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g., from 1 to 1.7, or from 3.2 to 8.1, or from 5.5 to 10.

Finally, it is pointed out that: for a better understanding of the construction, the element halves are not shown to scale and/or enlarged and/or reduced.

List of reference numerals

1 wind power plant 18 sliding bearing pad

2 nacelle 19 axis of rotation

3 tower 20 bearing surface

4 nacelle housing 21 mating surface

5 inside of rotor 22

6 rotor hub 23 first end side

7 rotor blade 24 first diameter

8 rotor bearing 25 apex

9 diameter of apex of sliding bearing 26

10 radial force 27 second end side

11 axial force 28 second diameter

12 tipping moment 29 ball joint section

13 inner annular element 30 spherical joint radius

14 outer annular element 31

15 sliding bearing element 32

16 rotor shaft 33 pitch

17 axial extension of the bearing support 34 sliding bearing pad

62 axial stop

Axial end 63 gap of 35 bearing support

36 cover 64

37 lubricating oil reservoir 65

38 lubricating oil 66

39 through hole 67

40 68 thrust ring segment

41 take-out opening 69 shaped element of a sliding bearing pad

First end 70 of the outer annular element 42 is intended for receiving a lifting device

Second end side 71 rotor shaft flange of 43 outer annular element

44 72 inside of

45 first take-out opening region 73 pitch maintaining portion

46 second take-out opening area 74 circumferential side

47 take-out opening circumferentially extending size 75 lubrication oil transport groove

48 sliding bearing pad circumferentially extending dimension 76 second mating wedge surface

77

49 shaft nut 78

50 axial fixation element receptacle 79

51 axial fixation element 80 packing element

52 fixing screw 81 form-locking connection

Axial end 82 of 53 axial fixing element

54 axial fixation element wedge 83 sliding bearing pad changing device

55 first mating wedge surface 84 base

56 axial stop ring 85 axial bearing surface

Wedge 86 fixation element for 57 axial stop ring

58 87 linear guide device

59 88 guide slide

60 89 angle

61 90 lifting device

91 lifting slide 110 sliding bearing pad holding ring

92 lifting guide 111 screw hole

93 lifting shaft 112 through hole

94 operating arm 113 fixing screw

95 first operating arm member 114 shoulder

96 second operating arm member 115 sliding bearing pad accommodation ring first end side

97 first rotary hinge

98 second pivot hinge 116 void portion

99 first rotation angle limiter 117 slides the second end side of the bearing pad accommodating ring

100 second rotation angle limiter

101 connecting element 118 shaft projection

102 adjusting spindle 119 steering wheel

103 first roller way 120 radial regulating unit

104 second roller way 121 operation arm fixing device

105 supporting roller 122 guide groove

106 distance 123 between first roller way and second roller way is operated arm part fixing device

124 circumferential adjustment unit

107 front end 125 lifting arm

108 supporting gap 126 lifting arm fixing screw

109 the void 127 lifts the receptacle.

Claims (15)

1. Method for replacing a sliding bearing pad (18) provided on a rotor shaft (16) of a rotor bearing (8) of a wind power plant (1), the method comprising the following method steps:

-moving the sliding bearing pad (18) to be replaced to the extraction opening (41) by rotating the rotor shaft (16);

-releasing the axial fixing element (51) or the fixing screw (113) of the sliding bearing pad (18) to be replaced;

-axially removing the sliding bearing pad (18) to be replaced through the extraction opening (41);

-axially loading a new sliding bearing pad (18) through said extraction opening (41);

-fixing the new sliding bearing pad (18) by means of the axial fixing element (51) or by means of the fixing screw (113),

characterized in that a sliding bearing pad exchange device (83) is used, which has an actuating arm (94), for axially removing the sliding bearing pad (18) to be exchanged and for axially inserting a new sliding bearing pad (18), the actuating arm (94) being designed for coupling with the sliding bearing pad (18).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating arm (94) is coupled to the sliding bearing pad (18) by means of a connecting element (101), in particular by means of a screw, on the end side of the sliding bearing pad (18) a forming element (69), in particular a thread, is formed which cooperates with the connecting element (101).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base (84) is fixed on the rotor shaft (16) by means of a fixing element (86), in particular by means of a clamping band.

4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base (84) is fixed to the bearing support (17) by means of fixing means.

5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a lifting arm (125) is used for removing the sliding bearing pad (18) from the operating arm (94) and for fixing a new sliding bearing pad (18) on the operating arm (94), the lifting arm (125) being fixed on a circumferential side (74) of the sliding bearing pad (18) such that the operating arm (94) and the lifting arm (125) can be fixed on the sliding bearing pad (18) simultaneously.

6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the movement of the operating arm (94) relative to the base (84) of the sliding bearing pad exchanging device (83) is driven by means of a battery screwdriver.

7. Sliding bearing pad exchanging device (83) for exchanging sliding bearing pads (18) provided on a rotor shaft (16) of a rotor bearing (8) of a wind power plant (1), the sliding bearing pad exchanging device (83) comprising:

-a base (84);

-an operating arm (94) movable with respect to the base (84), the operating arm (94) being configured for coupling with the sliding bearing pad (18).

8. The sliding bearing pad exchange device (83) according to claim 7, characterized in that the operating arm (94) is arranged on a guide slide (88) which is coupled to a linear guide device (87), the guide slide (88) being movable relative to the base (84) by means of an adjusting spindle (102).

9. The sliding bearing pad exchange device (83) according to claim 8, characterized in that the adjusting spindle (102) is coupled in torque with a shaft end, which is configured such that it can be coupled with a battery screwdriver.

10. The sliding bearing pad exchange device (83) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that a first roller way (103) and a second roller way (104) are coupled with the base (84), the first roller way (103) and the second roller way (104) each having a plurality of support rollers (105), the first roller way (103) and the second roller way (104) being arranged at a distance (106) from each other, the operating arm (94) being arranged between the first roller way (103) and the second roller way (104).

11. The sliding bearing pad exchange device (83) according to claim 10, characterized in that the first roller way (103) and the second roller way (104) are bent downwards on a front end (107).

12. The sliding bearing pad changing device (83) according to any of the claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the linear guiding means (87) are arranged at an angle (89) to the shaft bearing surface (85) of the base (84).

13. The sliding bearing pad exchanging device (83) according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the operating arm (94) has at least a first operating arm part (95) and a second operating arm part (96), the first operating arm part (95) being configured for coupling with the sliding bearing pad (18) and the first operating arm part (95) being movable in a circumferential direction relative to the second operating arm part (96).

14. The sliding bearing pad exchanging device (83) according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the operating arm (94) is movable in a radial direction relative to the guiding slide (88).

15. The sliding bearing pad exchanging device (83) according to any of the claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the operating arm (94) is arranged on a lifting slide (91) of a lifting device (90), the lifting device (90) being adapted to enlarge the distance between the operating arm (94) and the linear guiding device (87).