CN116526848A - Control method for seamless switching of four-switch Buck-Boost converter - Google Patents
Control method for seamless switching of four-switch Buck-Boost converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN116526848A CN116526848A CN202310790827.6A CN202310790827A CN116526848A CN 116526848 A CN116526848 A CN 116526848A CN 202310790827 A CN202310790827 A CN 202310790827A CN 116526848 A CN116526848 A CN 116526848A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
The invention discloses a control method for seamless switching of a four-switch Buck-Boost converter, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a sampling result of input and output voltages; the Buck loop and the Boost loop are overlapped to form a Buck-Boost loop, and meanwhile, the duty ratio of a Buck-Boost switching tube of the converter is also overlapped; the Buck-Boost loop result corresponds to the duty ratio of the Buck tube and the Boost tube, the loop result is changed along with the actual input and output voltage, so that the duty ratio of the Buck tube and the Boost tube is changed, and the Buck-Boost mode of the converter is automatically switched. The invention can improve the defects of the prior art, realize seamless switching of the Buck-Boost mode and has wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of DC-DC Buck-Boost converters, in particular to a control method for seamless switching of a four-switch Buck-Boost converter.
Background
With the technological change, electronic products are playing an important role in various aspects of life and work of people. The power supply acts as a heart for the electronic product, where it plays an irreplaceable role. Wide-range input and wide-range output DC-DC converters have received much attention, and four-switch Buck-Boost circuits have been a research hotspot with their superior performance.
The current digital control common mode of the four-switch Buck-Boost circuit is double-loop control, working modes are distinguished according to comparison of input voltage and an output voltage reference value, the input voltage is smaller than the output voltage, a Boost loop is operated, and a Boost switching tube is independently controlled; the input voltage is greater than the output voltage, the Buck loop is operated, and the Buck switching tube is independently controlled. The specific control mode is shown in fig. 1, and the main defects are that: when the input voltage is close to the output voltage, the actual input voltage tends to fluctuate, so that the voltage can be switched between the Buck loop and the Boost loop, the working mode of the circuit can be repeatedly switched between the Buck mode and the Boost mode, and undesirable results are caused, such as a driving signal for controlling a switching tube can become uncontrollable, the output voltage shakes, the system is unstable at a certain stage, and the output voltage cannot be stably output in a full range.
According to the input and output voltage range, a section of input voltage range is manually defined as a Buck-Boost working state according to the input and output voltage range in one text of three-mode smooth switching control strategy based on four-switch Buck-Boost ("science and technology and engineering" 2019, month 11), and the converter works in the Buck-Boost mode. The Buck mode is operated above this range and the Boost mode is operated below this range. This approach introduces a filtering mode that enters Buck-Boost mode when the input voltage is close to the output voltage, where the input voltage is equal to the output voltage. Therefore, the Buck mode and the Boost mode are firstly converted into the Buck-Boost mode and then converted into the Boost mode or the Buck mode, so that the problem that the converter is not ideal in operation due to the fact that the working state of the traditional four-switch Bcuk-Boost converter is possibly switched between the Buck mode and the Boost mode when the input voltage is close to the output voltage is solved to a certain extent. However, it can be seen that this solution has some drawbacks:
1. the novel power-saving control system introduces a novel working state of the Buck-Boost mode, so that a novel problem occurs when the Buck mode and the Buck-Boost mode are switched. Which avoids this problem by setting different output voltage reference values in Buck and Boost modes. However, this is not applicable if the actual application requires that the rated output voltage is unchanged over the full range of input voltages.
2. In the Buck-Boost mode, the input voltage is equal to the output voltage, that is, the output voltage is unregulated within the input voltage range and must be equal to the input voltage, and certain limitations exist.
3. In a wide-range input, wide-range output converter application, how to choose the input voltage range as the operating region of the Buck-Boost mode is also a challenge.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a control method for seamless switching of a four-switch Buck-Boost converter, which can solve the defects of the prior art, realize seamless switching of a Buck-Boost mode and has wide application range.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
A control method for seamless switching of a four-switch Buck-Boost converter comprises the following steps:
acquiring a sampling result of input and output voltages; the Buck loop and the Boost loop are overlapped to form a Buck-Boost loop, and meanwhile, the duty ratio of a Buck-Boost switching tube of the converter is also overlapped; the Buck-Boost loop result corresponds to the duty ratio of the Buck tube and the Boost tube, the loop result is changed along with the actual input and output voltage, so that the duty ratio of the Buck tube and the Boost tube is changed, and the Buck-Boost mode of the converter is automatically switched.
Preferably, an input voltage and an output voltage are obtained through sampling of an ADC module of the MCU, and the input voltage and the output voltage are used for calculating a Buck-Boost superposition loop after data processing, so that a loop result R is obtained within a range of 0-2 xfull; when R < full, R corresponds to the duty ratio D1=R/full of the Buck switching tube, the Boost tube is completely closed, and the converter works in the Buck mode; when R is more than or equal to full, corresponding to the duty ratio D2= (R-full)/full of the Boost switch tube, the Buck tube is completely opened, and the converter works in the Boost mode.
Preferably, the output voltage is controlled by a Buck-Boost closed loop, the loop result R is continuously and smoothly transited to two sides of a full, the working mode of the Buck-Boost switching tube is smoothly transited, and the converter is switched seamlessly.
Preferably, the converter operates in Buck mode when the input voltage is greater than the desired output voltage; the loop result defaults to 0, thisWhen the output voltage is smaller than the output voltage reference value, the loop result is gradually increased; mapping the loop result to the duty ratio D1 and D1 of the switching tube S1, gradually increasing the output voltage, and keeping the D2 as 0 until reaching the required output voltage, and keeping stable; at this time, the duty ratio D1 is less than 100%, and the loop result range is 0 to full; duty cycle d1=r/full, on time of S1The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The on time of the continuous flow tube S2 is calculated by the on time of S1>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Control S3 normally closed->S4 normally open->At this time, the converter works in Buck mode, and the input-output voltage relationship is that。
Preferably, the loop result becomes progressively larger when the input voltage is less than the output voltage; when r=full, the duty ratio D1 of the Buck tube S1 is 100%, d2=0, and the output voltage is equal to the input voltage; the output voltage does not reach the target voltage, the loop result continues to increase, and the duty ratio D2= (R-full)/full that the Boost switching tube needs to be opened, D1=1; on time of S3The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Maximum value of D2 is limited according to the input/output voltage range>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The on time of the continuous flow tube S4 is calculated by the on time of S3>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Control S2 normally closed->S1 is normally openThe converter is switched from Buck mode to Boost mode, and the input-output voltage relationship is +.>。
Preferably, when the converter is operated in Boost mode, the input voltage is increased according toThe output voltage will rise, the loop result decreases, and the duty cycle D2 decreases; when the input voltage increases to be equal to the output voltage, the duty ratio D2 decreases to 0%, r=full; if the input voltage continues to increase, R<full, the converter enters the Buck mode to finish seamless switching from the Boost mode to the Buck mode.
The beneficial effects brought by adopting the technical scheme are as follows: the invention stacks the Buck loop result (output range is 0-full), the Boost loop result (output range is 0-full) into a Buck-Boost loop (output range is 0-2 x full), and simultaneously stacks the duty ratio of the Buck-Boost switching tube of the converter. The Buck-Boost loop result (R) acts on the working state of each switching tube, and the Buck-Boost mode of the converter is automatically switched. Namely: r < full, the converter works in Buck mode automatically; r is more than or equal to full, and the converter automatically works in Boost mode. And R continuously does not jump, and the working mode of the converter follows R conversion to finish seamless switching of the Buck/Boost mode. Therefore, the problem of unstable system operation when the input voltage is close to the output voltage can be effectively avoided.
Specifically, the converter only has two working modes, namely a Buck mode and a Boost mode, and seamless switching of the Buck/Boost mode is realized through a Buck-Boost loop control mode, and transition is not needed to be conducted by introducing the Buck-Boost mode (filtering mode) similar to the prior art. The control strategy of the invention is to control the working mode of the converter by acting the working state of each tube according to the Buck-Boost loop result (the prior art is to judge which working mode the converter is in according to the magnitude of the input voltage and the output voltage), thereby improving the application range of the invention. The invention only needs one Buck-Boost loop to control the converter, and in the prior art, different PI loops are required to be operated in the Buck mode and the Boost mode to control the converter (the invention stacks the Buck loop and the Boost loop into one Buck-Boost loop to control the converter, and only one loop exists in the whole range), thereby simplifying the complexity of a control system. According to the invention, the working state of each pipe is acted according to the Buck-Boost loop result so as to control the working mode of the converter, the loop result is continuous and non-jumping, the working mode of the converter changes along with the change of the loop result, and the seamless switching between the Buck mode and the Boost mode is completed. The method solves the problems that the three modes are switched by setting different output voltage reference values in the prior art, and certain limitation exists. In the case of wide range input and wide range output, the three-mode technical scheme of the prior art cannot handle well. Because the output voltage reference value is different in different modes, when the required output voltage changes, a section of input voltage range exists, and the required output voltage cannot be reached. The output voltage reference value of the invention is the same in different modes, if the input and output voltages are changed, the loop result is changed accordingly, so that the working state of each pipe is changed to keep the output voltage stable. Setting different output voltage reference values can reach the required output voltage. Therefore, the effect of normal operation can be realized within the full input voltage range for the change of the required output voltage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a conventional Buck-Boost circuit.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the Buck-Boost loop of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operational framework of the Buck-Boost circuit of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the correspondence between Buck-Boost loops and modes of operation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 2-4, the control method for seamless switching of the four-switch Buck-Boost converter implemented by the present invention is specifically as follows:
sampling by an ADC module of the MCU to obtain input voltage, outputting the voltage, and calculating a Buck-Boost superposition loop after data processing to obtain a loop result R with the range of 0-2 xfull; when R < full, R corresponds to the duty ratio D1=R/full of the Buck switching tube, the Boost tube is completely closed, and the converter works in the Buck mode; when R is more than or equal to full, corresponding to the duty ratio D2= (R-full)/full of the Boost switch tube, the Buck tube is completely opened, and the converter works in the Boost mode.
The output voltage is controlled by a Buck-Boost closed loop, the loop result R is continuously and smoothly transited to two sides of a full, the working mode of the Buck-Boost switching tube is smoothly transited, and the converter is switched seamlessly.
When the input voltage is greater than the required output voltage, the converter works in a Buck mode; the loop result defaults to 0, and at the moment, the output voltage is smaller than the output voltage reference value, and the loop result is gradually increased; mapping the loop result to the duty ratio D1 and D1 of the switching tube S1, gradually increasing the output voltage, and keeping the D2 as 0 until reaching the required output voltage, and keeping stable; at this time, the duty ratio D1 is less than 100%, and the loop result range is 0 to full; duty cycle d1=r/full, on time of S1The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The on time of the continuous flow tube S2 is calculated by the on time of S1>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Control S3 normally closed->S4 normally open->At this time, the converter works in Buck mode, and the input/output voltage relationship is +.>。
When the input voltage is smaller than the output voltage, the loop result gradually becomes larger; when r=full, the duty ratio D1 of the Buck tube S1 is 100%, d2=0, and the output voltage are the sameThe voltage is equal; the output voltage does not reach the target voltage, the loop result continues to increase, and the duty ratio D2= (R-full)/full that the Boost switching tube needs to be opened, D1=1; on time of S3The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Maximum value of D2 is limited according to the input/output voltage range>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The on time of the continuous flow tube S4 is calculated by the on time of S3>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Control S2 normally closed->S1 normally open->The converter is switched from Buck mode to Boost mode, and the input-output voltage relationship is +.>。
When the converter works in Boost mode, if the input voltage is increased, the input voltage is calculated according toThe output voltage will rise, the loop result decreases, and the duty cycle D2 decreases; when the input voltage increases to be equal to the output voltage, the duty ratio D2 decreases to 0%, r=full; if the input voltage continues to increase, R<full, the converter enters the Buck mode to finish seamless switching from the Boost mode to the Buck mode.
If the set output voltage is modified, the process is similar to the modified input voltage analysis described above. Therefore, the input and output voltages are regulated, the loop result will change, and the working state of each tube is calculated according to the loop result, so that the working mode of the converter is determined according to the switching state of each tube. Therefore, no matter the input voltage is close to the output voltage or is larger or smaller than the output voltage, seamless switching between the Buck mode and the Boost mode can be realized.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A control method for seamless switching of a four-switch Buck-Boost converter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a sampling result of input and output voltages; the Buck loop and the Boost loop are overlapped to form a Buck-Boost loop, and meanwhile, the duty ratio of a Buck-Boost switching tube of the converter is also overlapped; the Buck-Boost loop result corresponds to the duty ratio of the Buck tube and the Boost tube, the loop result is changed along with the actual input and output voltage, so that the duty ratio of the Buck tube and the Boost tube is changed, and the Buck-Boost mode of the converter is automatically switched.
2. The control method for seamless switching of the four-switch Buck-Boost converter according to claim 1, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: sampling by an ADC module of the MCU to obtain input voltage, outputting the voltage, and calculating a Buck-Boost superposition loop after data processing to obtain a loop result R with the range of 0-2 xfull; when R < full, R corresponds to the duty ratio D1=R/full of the Buck switching tube, the Boost tube is completely closed, and the converter works in the Buck mode; when R is more than or equal to full, corresponding to the duty ratio D2= (R-full)/full of the Boost switch tube, the Buck tube is completely opened, and the converter works in the Boost mode.
3. The control method for seamless switching of the four-switch Buck-Boost converter according to claim 2, wherein the control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the output voltage is controlled by a Buck-Boost closed loop, the loop result R is continuously and smoothly transited to two sides of a full, the working mode of the Buck-Boost switching tube is smoothly transited, and the converter is switched seamlessly.
4. The control method for seamless switching of the four-switch Buck-Boost converter according to claim 3, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: when the input voltage is greater than the required output voltage, the converter works in a Buck mode; the loop result defaults to 0, and at the moment, the output voltage is smaller than the output voltage reference value, and the loop result is gradually increased; mapping the loop result to the duty ratio D1 and D1 of the switching tube S1, gradually increasing the output voltage, and keeping the D2 as 0 until reaching the required output voltage, and keeping stable; at this time, the duty ratio D1 is less than 100%, and the loop result range is 0 to full; duty cycle d1=r/full, on time of S1The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The on time of the continuous flow tube S2 is calculated by the on time of S1>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Control S3 normally closed->S4 normally open->At this time, the converter works in Buck mode, and the input/output voltage relationship is +.>。
5. The control method for seamless switching of the four-switch Buck-Boost converter according to claim 3, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: when the input voltage is smaller than the output voltage, the loop result gradually becomes larger; when r=full, the duty ratio D1 of the Buck tube S1 is 100%, d2=0, and the output voltage is equal to the input voltage; the output voltage does not reach the target voltage, the loop result continues to increase, and the duty ratio D2= (R-full)/full that the Boost switching tube needs to be opened, D1=1; on time of S3The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Maximum value of D2 is limited according to the input/output voltage range>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The on time of the continuous flow tube S4 is calculated by the on time of S3>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Control S2 normally closed->S1 normally open->The converter is switched from Buck mode to Boost mode, and the input-output voltage relationship is +.>。
6. The control method for seamless switching of the four-switch Buck-Boost converter according to claim 3, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: when the converter works in Boost mode, if the input voltage is increased, the input voltage is calculated according toThe output voltage will rise, the loop result decreases, and the duty cycle D2 decreases; when the input voltage increases to be equal to the output voltage, the duty ratio D2 decreases to 0%, r=full;if the input voltage continues to increase, R<full, the converter enters the Buck mode to finish seamless switching from the Boost mode to the Buck mode.
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