CN116525705A

CN116525705A - Photovoltaic module for eliminating hot spots of photovoltaic cells without diode bypass protection circuit

Info

Publication number: CN116525705A
Application number: CN202310483753.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄子健
Original assignee: Alpha Solar Suzhou Co ltd
Current assignee: Alpha Solar Suzhou Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-04-28
Filing date: 2023-04-28
Publication date: 2023-08-01

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic module for eliminating hot spots of a photovoltaic cell without a diode bypass protection circuit, which comprises at least one photovoltaic cell unit, wherein the photovoltaic cell unit comprises a first cell string and a second cell string which are connected in parallel, and the first cell string and the second cell string are formed by connecting a plurality of cell pieces in series; each photovoltaic cell unit has at least two working states, and when the photovoltaic cell units are in a first working state, the first battery string and the second battery string have the same output voltage, and the first battery string and the second battery string are connected in parallel; when the battery is in the second working state, the characteristic that the output current of the battery string is reduced after the battery in the battery string is blocked is utilized to generate voltage difference with the battery string which is not blocked by the photovoltaic battery unit, so that the current of the battery string which is not blocked flows into the blocked battery string and the photo-generated current of the battery string itself are converged to form new current in the battery string, and further the problem that the battery is used as a load to generate high temperature due to mismatch of the photo-generated current in the battery string caused by blocking is solved.

Description

Photovoltaic module for eliminating hot spots of photovoltaic cells without diode bypass protection circuit

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a photovoltaic module for eliminating hot spots of a photovoltaic cell without a diode bypass protection circuit.

Background

The hot spot effect of the photovoltaic module refers to the phenomenon that under certain conditions, a photovoltaic cell is shielded in a series branch of the photovoltaic module in a power generation state, or a defective area forms a load, energy generated by other areas is consumed, so that the shielded photovoltaic cell is overheated, and the phenomenon is called as the hot spot effect of the photovoltaic module. The hot spot effect can reduce the output power of the component, can cause the photovoltaic component to be burnt locally to form dark spots, the welding spots are melted, the packaging materials are aged and the like to be permanently damaged, and even directly influences the output power and the service life of the photovoltaic component.

The traditional photovoltaic module utilizes the bypass diode and the battery string to be connected in parallel, after the battery is shielded, the bypass diode is conducted, and the battery string which is shielded and has the height Wen Reban is bypassed out of the circuit, so that hot spots are eliminated. A photovoltaic module as disclosed in the patent application 202010602102.6, which contains a plurality of diodes, either in vertical or in horizontal format, and is provided with a bypass diode for each photovoltaic cell unit as can be seen from the drawing of the patent.

The bypass diode can eliminate hot spots of the photovoltaic module, so that damage of the photovoltaic module caused by the hot spot effect is reduced, but the bypass diode is easy to heat and damage during working, has larger fire hazards, is large in number, increases the probability of hidden danger occurrence, and can further increase the number of cables and the number of junction boxes, so that the processing technology of the module is complex, and the production cost and the material cost are high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a photovoltaic module which does not need a diode bypass protection circuit to eliminate hot spots of a photovoltaic cell, does not need to arrange a bypass diode, can thoroughly eliminate the problem of high Wen Reban caused by shielding, and has higher safety and economy.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the photovoltaic module capable of eliminating the hot spots of the photovoltaic cells without using a diode bypass protection circuit comprises at least one photovoltaic cell unit, wherein the photovoltaic cell unit comprises a first photovoltaic cell string and a second photovoltaic cell string which are connected in parallel, and the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string are formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell pieces in series;

each photovoltaic cell unit has at least two working states, when the photovoltaic cell units are in a first working state, the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string have output voltages with the same values and the same directions, when the photovoltaic cell units are in a second working state, the cell piece of one of the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string is shielded, the output voltage of the first photovoltaic cell string and the output voltage of the second photovoltaic cell string are unbalanced, and the current of the other of the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string flows into one of the shielded cell pieces.

Further, the photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic cell unit, a first photovoltaic cell string of the photovoltaic cell unit comprises at least two first sub-photovoltaic cell strings arranged in series, a second photovoltaic cell string of the photovoltaic cell unit comprises at least two second sub-photovoltaic cell strings arranged in series, and the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string are connected in parallel.

Further, the number of the photovoltaic battery units in the photovoltaic module is more than two, and the photovoltaic battery units are sequentially connected in series.

Further, the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string are vertically arranged, at least two first sub-photovoltaic cell strings of the first photovoltaic cell string are horizontally arranged, and at least two second sub-photovoltaic cell strings of the second photovoltaic cell string are horizontally arranged; each battery piece is rectangular with long sides and short sides;

the number of the first sub-photovoltaic cell strings in the first photovoltaic cell strings is m, the number n of the battery pieces of each first sub-photovoltaic cell string in the first photovoltaic cell strings is equal, the battery pieces of each first sub-photovoltaic cell string are averagely divided into 2 columns, the number of the columns in the first photovoltaic cell strings is 2m, the number of the battery pieces of each column is n/2, and the battery pieces of each column are arranged to form n/2 rows; the long edges of the battery pieces of each row are transversely arranged, the short edges of the battery pieces of each row are vertically arranged, the battery pieces of each row are aligned through the long edges, the battery pieces of two rows of one first sub-photovoltaic cell string and the battery pieces of two adjacent rows of two adjacent first sub-photovoltaic cell strings are aligned through the short edges, and the battery pieces in the first photovoltaic cell strings form an array of 2m rows and n/2 rows;

The number of the second sub-photovoltaic cell strings in the second photovoltaic cell strings is m, the number n of the battery pieces of each second sub-photovoltaic cell string in the second photovoltaic cell strings is equal, the battery pieces of each second sub-photovoltaic cell string are averagely divided into 2 columns, the number of the columns in the second photovoltaic cell strings is 2m, the number of the battery pieces of each column is n/2, and the battery pieces of each column are arranged to form n/2 rows; the long edges of the battery pieces of each row are transversely arranged, the short edges of the battery pieces of each row are vertically arranged, the battery pieces of each row are aligned through the long edges, the battery pieces of two rows of one second sub-photovoltaic cell string and the battery pieces of two adjacent rows of two adjacent second sub-photovoltaic cell strings are aligned through the short edges, and the battery pieces in the second photovoltaic cell strings form an array of 2m rows and n/2 rows;

the columns of the first photovoltaic cell strings and the columns of the second photovoltaic cell strings are vertically aligned in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the cell sheets of the photovoltaic module form an array of 2m columns and (n/2) x 2 rows;

the photovoltaic module is rectangular with a first side extending along the transverse direction and a second side extending along the vertical direction, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is 2m of the side length of the long side of the battery piece, the side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is 2 of the side length of the short side of the battery piece, and when the side length of the second side is larger than the side length of the first side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a vertical type photovoltaic module; when the side length of the first side is greater than the side length of the second side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a transverse-version photovoltaic module.

Further, the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string are arranged in the transverse direction, at least two first sub-photovoltaic cell strings of the first photovoltaic cell string are arranged vertically, and at least two second sub-photovoltaic cell strings of the second photovoltaic cell string are arranged vertically; each battery piece is rectangular with long sides and short sides;

the number of the first sub-photovoltaic cell strings in the first photovoltaic cell strings is m, the number n of the battery pieces of each first sub-photovoltaic cell string in the first photovoltaic cell strings is equal, the battery pieces of each first sub-photovoltaic cell string are averagely divided into 2 rows, the number of the rows in the first photovoltaic cell strings is 2m, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, and the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 columns; the long edges of the battery pieces of each row are vertically arranged, the short edges of the battery pieces of each row are transversely arranged, the battery pieces of each row are aligned through the long edges, the battery pieces of two rows of one first sub-photovoltaic cell string and the battery pieces of two adjacent rows of two adjacent first sub-photovoltaic cell strings are aligned through the short edges, and the battery pieces in the first photovoltaic cell strings form an array of 2m rows and n/2 columns;

the number of the second sub-photovoltaic cell strings in the second photovoltaic cell strings is m, the number n of the battery pieces of each second sub-photovoltaic cell string in the second photovoltaic cell strings is equal, the battery pieces of each second sub-photovoltaic cell string are averagely divided into 2 rows, the number of the rows in the second photovoltaic cell strings is 2m, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, and the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 columns; the long edges of the battery pieces of each row are vertically arranged, the short edges of the battery pieces of each row are transversely arranged, the battery pieces of each row are aligned through the long edges, the battery pieces of two rows of one second sub-photovoltaic cell string and the battery pieces of two adjacent rows of two adjacent second sub-photovoltaic cell strings are aligned through the short edges, and the battery pieces in the second photovoltaic cell strings form an array of 2m rows and n/2 columns;

The rows of the first photovoltaic cell string and the rows of the second photovoltaic cell string are correspondingly aligned in the transverse direction, and the cell sheets of the photovoltaic module form an array of 2m rows and (n/2) x 2 rows;

the photovoltaic module is rectangular with a first side extending along the transverse direction and a second side extending along the vertical direction, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is the side length of the short side of the battery piece (n/2) x 2, the side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is the side length of the long side of the battery piece (2 m), and when the side length of the second side is larger than the side length of the first side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a vertical type photovoltaic module; when the side length of the first side is greater than the side length of the second side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a transverse-version photovoltaic module.

Further, the number of the photovoltaic battery units of the photovoltaic module is m, the m photovoltaic battery units are vertically arranged, the first photovoltaic battery string and the second photovoltaic battery string of each photovoltaic battery unit are horizontally arranged, and each battery piece is rectangular with long sides and short sides;

the number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell strings of each photovoltaic cell unit is n, the battery pieces of each first photovoltaic cell string are averagely divided into 2 rows, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 rows, the short sides of the battery pieces of each row are transversely arranged, the long sides of the battery pieces of each row are vertically arranged, and the battery pieces of two rows of one first photovoltaic cell string are aligned through the short sides; the number of the battery pieces of the second photovoltaic cell strings of each photovoltaic cell unit is n, the battery pieces of each second photovoltaic cell string are averagely divided into 2 rows, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 rows, the short sides of the battery pieces of each row are transversely arranged, the long sides of the battery pieces of each row are vertically arranged, and the battery pieces of two rows of one second photovoltaic cell string are aligned through the short sides;

The rows of the first photovoltaic cell string and the rows of the second photovoltaic cell string of one photovoltaic cell unit are correspondingly aligned in the transverse direction, and the cell sheets of one photovoltaic cell unit form an array of 2 rows and (n/2) x 2 columns; the cell sheets of m cell units of the photovoltaic module form an array of 2m rows and (n/2) x 2 columns;

the photovoltaic module is rectangular with a first side extending along the transverse direction and a second side extending along the vertical direction, the side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is 2m of the side length of the long side of the battery piece, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is 2 of the side length of the short side of the battery piece, and when the side length of the second side is larger than the side length of the first side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a vertical type photovoltaic module; when the side length of the first side is greater than the side length of the second side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a transverse-version photovoltaic module.

Further, the number of the photovoltaic battery units of the photovoltaic module is m, the m photovoltaic battery units are arranged in the transverse direction, the first photovoltaic battery string and the second photovoltaic battery string of each photovoltaic battery unit are arranged in the vertical direction, and each battery piece is rectangular with long sides and short sides;

the number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string of each photovoltaic cell unit is n, the battery pieces of each first photovoltaic cell string are averagely divided into 2 columns, the number of the battery pieces of each column is n/2, the battery pieces of each column are arranged to form n/2 rows, the long edge of the battery piece of each column is transversely arranged, the short edge of the battery piece of each column is vertically arranged, and the battery pieces of two columns of one first photovoltaic cell string are aligned through the short edge; the number of the battery pieces of the second photovoltaic cell string of each photovoltaic cell unit is n, the battery pieces of each two photovoltaic cell strings are averagely divided into 2 columns, the number of the battery pieces of each column is n/2, the battery pieces of each column are arranged to form n/2 rows, the long edge of the battery piece of each column is transversely arranged, the short edge of the battery piece of each column is vertically arranged, and the battery pieces of two columns of one second photovoltaic cell string are aligned through the short edge;

The first photovoltaic cell string columns and the second photovoltaic cell string columns of one photovoltaic cell unit are vertically aligned in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the cell sheets of one photovoltaic cell unit form an array of 2 columns and (n/2) x 2 rows; the cell sheets of m cell units of the photovoltaic module form an array of 2m columns and (n/2) x 2 rows;

the photovoltaic module is rectangular with a first side extending along the transverse direction and a second side extending along the vertical direction, the side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is (n/2) x 2 of the side length of the short side of the battery piece, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is 2m of the side length of the long side of the battery piece, and when the side length of the second side is larger than the side length of the first side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a vertical type photovoltaic module; when the side length of the first side is greater than the side length of the second side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a transverse-version photovoltaic module.

Further, the photovoltaic module further comprises an anode cable, a cathode cable, two bus bars and two junction boxes, wherein the photovoltaic module is provided with a current input end and a current output end, the anode cable and the current output end are connected through the bus bars, the connection position of the anode cable and the current output end is positioned in one of the two junction boxes, the cathode cable and the current input end are connected through the bus bars, and the connection position of the cathode cable and the current input end is positioned in the other one of the two junction boxes.

Further, the photovoltaic module further comprises a diode, the anode of the diode is connected with the cathode cable, the cathode of the diode is connected with the anode cable, the diode and the photovoltaic cell unit are connected in parallel, and the diode is arranged in one of the two junction boxes. The invention has the beneficial effects that: in a photovoltaic cell unit, a first photovoltaic cell string and a second photovoltaic cell string are arranged in parallel, under the condition that photovoltaic cells of the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string are not shielded, the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string have output voltages with the same values and the same directions, after partial photovoltaic cells of one of the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string which are connected in parallel are shielded, the shielded cells become loads to generate load voltages, the load voltage generated by the shielded cells is opposite to the photo-generated voltage of the cell string where the shielded cells are positioned, the output voltage of the cell string where the shielded cells are positioned is reduced, the output voltage of the cell string which does not contain the shielded cells is higher than the output voltage of the cell string which contains the shielded cells, the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string are unbalanced in voltage, the current of the photovoltaic cell string without the blocked battery piece flows to the photovoltaic cell string with the blocked battery piece, and the direction of the photo-generated current of the photovoltaic cell string with the blocked battery piece is opposite to the direction of the current of the photovoltaic cell string without the blocked battery piece, because the photo-generated current of the photovoltaic cell string with the blocked battery piece is smaller than the photo-generated current of the photovoltaic cell string without the blocked battery piece due to the blocking of the battery, the current flows to the photovoltaic cell string with the blocked battery piece along the battery string without the blocked battery piece, and a new current is formed in the blocked photovoltaic cell string, thereby solving the problem of current mismatch after the blocking of the battery piece, and avoiding hot spots, the invention does not need to arrange a bypass diode in each photovoltaic cell unit to/eliminate the hot spots, and the bypass diode generates heat and damages when working, potential hazards such as fire are eliminated, the processing technology of the photovoltaic module is simpler, the production cost of materials can be reduced, and the photovoltaic module has higher safety and economy.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention, as it is embodied in the following description, with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic cell of a photovoltaic module of the present invention in a first operating state without a diode bypass protection circuit to eliminate hot spots of the photovoltaic cell;

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic cell of the photovoltaic module of the present invention in a second operating state without the diode bypass protection circuit to eliminate hot spots of the photovoltaic cell;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to embodiment 5 of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to embodiment 6 of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to embodiment 7 of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to embodiment 8 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.

The invention provides a photovoltaic module for eliminating hot spots of photovoltaic cells without a diode bypass protection circuit, which comprises at least one photovoltaic cell unit 1, wherein each photovoltaic cell unit 1 comprises a first photovoltaic cell string 2 and a second photovoltaic cell string 3 which are arranged in parallel, and each of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 is formed by connecting a plurality of battery pieces in series. Each photovoltaic cell unit 1 has at least two working states, when the photovoltaic cell units are in the first working state, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are not partially or completely shielded, and the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 have output voltages with the same values and the same directions and output currents with the same values and the same directions. When the photovoltaic cell unit 1 is in the second operating state, part of the cells of one of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are blocked, the blocked cells become loads to generate load voltages, and the load voltage direction of the blocked cells is opposite to the photogeneration voltage direction of the photovoltaic cell string where the blocked cells are positioned, so that the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell string containing the blocked cells is reduced. Since the cells are illuminated, even when they are shaded, the PN junction in the cell is conductive (whether the PN junction is conductive or not is mainly dependent on illumination) and a low-resistance path is provided, so that the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell string not containing the shaded cell is higher than the voltage of the photovoltaic cell string containing the shaded cell, the voltages of the two photovoltaic cell strings are unbalanced, the current of the photovoltaic cell string not containing the shaded cell flows to the photovoltaic cell string containing the shaded cell, and the direction of the photo-generated current of the photovoltaic cell string containing the shaded cell is opposite to the current of the photovoltaic cell string not containing the shaded cell.

For ease of understanding, the present invention provides a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic cell unit that does not contain a shaded cell, see fig. 1, and a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic cell unit that contains a shaded cell, see fig. 2, respectively. In the photovoltaic cell unit of fig. 1, the photo-generated current/photo-generated voltage of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are named as Is1/Vs1 and Is2/Vs2, respectively, and when the cell pieces of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 are not shielded, is1=is2 and the current direction Is the same, vs1=vs 2 and the current direction Is the same, and the output current i=is1+is2 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1. Assuming that part of the cells in the first string 2 of the photovoltaic cell 1 are shaded (the shaded area of fig. 2 Is the shaded area), the generated photo-generated current becomes Is1', the photo-generated voltage becomes Vs1', the generated photo-generated current of the second string 3 Is still Is2 due to the fact that no cell Is shaded, the photo-generated voltage Is still Vs2, and at this time, vs2 > Vs1', causing Is2 to flow into the first string 2, so that the current in the first string 2 Is equal to Is2-Is1', and obviously, the directions of Is2-Is1 'and Is2 are opposite, in this case, the output current i= (Is 2-Is 1') +is2 of the photovoltaic cell 1. Because the current in the first photovoltaic cell string 2 Is changed from Is1 to Is2-Is1', the problem of current mismatch caused by shielding on the photovoltaic cell string Is solved, the possibility of hot spots caused by shielding of the battery pieces Is fundamentally eliminated, and the purpose of protecting the photovoltaic module without depending on bypass of the bypass diode Is realized. The output current I flows to the downstream photovoltaic cell 1 (and also to the downstream photovoltaic cell 1)/the positive electrode of the photovoltaic module.

In order to ensure that the first string of photovoltaic cells 2 and the second string of photovoltaic cells 3 have the same output voltage without being shaded and that an output voltage difference can be generated when one of the two contains shaded cells, the first string of photovoltaic cells 2 and the second string of photovoltaic cells 3 should be placed in the same lighting environment and temperature environment, and from a material selection perspective, the cells of the first string of photovoltaic cells 2 and the cells of the second string of photovoltaic cells 3 should be identical in number and electrical performance. The above-described structure and principle of the photovoltaic cell 1 are applicable when the battery sheet is a whole battery or when the battery sheet is a battery slice formed by cutting a whole battery.

Each of the cells constituting the first photovoltaic cell string 2/the second photovoltaic cell string 3 has a rectangular shape having a long side and a short side shorter than the length of the longer side, and the photovoltaic module has a rectangular shape having a first side extending in the lateral direction and a second side extending in the vertical direction.

When the photovoltaic module only comprises one photovoltaic cell unit 1, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 comprises at least two first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 which are arranged in series, the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 comprises at least two second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 which are arranged in series, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are connected in parallel, a circuit of the whole photovoltaic module is in a structure that the sub-photovoltaic cell strings are connected in series to form the photovoltaic cell strings first and then the photovoltaic cell strings are connected in parallel, and the photovoltaic module of the structure has the mode that the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are vertically arranged or transversely arranged.

When the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 are arranged vertically, at least two first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 are arranged laterally, and at least two second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are arranged laterally. The number of the first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 in the first photovoltaic cell string 2 is m, the number n of the battery pieces of each first sub-photovoltaic cell string 21 is equal, and the battery pieces of each first sub-photovoltaic cell string 21 are equally divided into 2 rows, so that the number of the rows contained in the first photovoltaic cell string 21 is 2m, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, and the number of the battery pieces of each row is the number of rows of the row, namely, the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 rows. The long edges of the cells of each column are arranged transversely and the short edges are arranged vertically, the cells of each column are aligned by the long edges, and the cells of two columns of one first sub-photovoltaic cell string 21 and the cells of two adjacent columns of two adjacent first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 are aligned by the short edges, so that the cells in the first photovoltaic cell string 2 form an array of 2m columns and n/2 rows. The number m of the second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 included in the second photovoltaic cell string 3 in the photovoltaic cell unit 1 is the same as the number of the first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21, the number n of the battery pieces of each second sub-photovoltaic cell string 31 is the same as the number of the battery pieces of the first sub-photovoltaic cell string 21, and the arrangement structure of the battery pieces of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 is symmetrical to the arrangement structure of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2, namely, the battery pieces in the second photovoltaic cell string 3 also form an array of 2m rows and n/2 rows. The columns of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the columns of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are vertically aligned in a one-to-one correspondence, and the cells of the photovoltaic module form an array of 2m columns, (n/2) x 2 rows. The side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is 2m of the side length of the long side of the battery piece, the side length of the second side is 2 of the side length of the short side of the battery piece, as long as the side length of the second side is larger than the side length of the first side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a vertical type photovoltaic module, and when the side length of the first side is larger than the side length of the second side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a horizontal type photovoltaic module.

When the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are arranged in the lateral direction, at least two first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 are arranged vertically, and at least two second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are arranged vertically. The number of the first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 in the first photovoltaic cell string 2 is m, the number n of the battery pieces of each first sub-photovoltaic cell string 21 in the first photovoltaic cell string 2 is equal, the battery pieces of each first sub-photovoltaic cell string 21 are equally divided into 2 rows, the number of the rows in the first photovoltaic cell string 2 is 2m, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, and the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 columns; the long edges of the cells of each row are vertically arranged and the short edges are horizontally arranged, the cells of each row are aligned by the long edges, the cells of two rows of one first sub-photovoltaic cell string 21 and the cells of two adjacent rows of two adjacent first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 are aligned by the short edges, and the cells in the first photovoltaic cell string 2 form an array of 2m rows and n/2 columns. The number of the second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 in the second photovoltaic cell string 3 is m, the number n of the battery pieces of each second sub-photovoltaic cell string 31 in the second photovoltaic cell string 3 is equal, the battery pieces of each second sub-photovoltaic cell string 31 are equally divided into 2 rows, the number of the rows in the second photovoltaic cell string 3 is 2m, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, and the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 columns; the long edges of the cells of each row are vertically arranged and the short edges are horizontally arranged, the cells of each row are aligned by the long edges, the cells of two rows of one second sub-photovoltaic cell string 31 and the cells of two adjacent rows of two adjacent second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 are aligned by the short edges, and the cells in the second photovoltaic cell string 3 form an array of 2m rows and n/2 columns. The rows of the first string 2 and the rows of the second string 3 are aligned in a one-to-one correspondence along the lateral direction, the cells of the photovoltaic module forming an array of 2m rows, (n/2) x 2 rows. The side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is the side length (n/2) of the short side of the battery piece, the side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is the side length of the long side of the battery piece, the photovoltaic module is defined as a vertical type photovoltaic module as long as the side length of the second side is larger than the side length of the first side, and the photovoltaic module is defined as a horizontal type photovoltaic module as long as the side length of the first side is larger than the side length of the second side.

When the number of the photovoltaic cells 1 in the photovoltaic module is more than two ("more than" includes the number), the circuit of the whole photovoltaic module is in a serial-parallel structure in which the photovoltaic cells 1 are formed by connecting the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 in parallel and then sequentially connecting more than two photovoltaic cells 1 in series, and the photovoltaic module with the structure has the form of vertical arrangement and transverse arrangement among the photovoltaic cells 1.

When m (m is more than or equal to 2) photovoltaic cell units 1 are arranged vertically, a first photovoltaic cell string 2 and a second photovoltaic cell string 3 in each photovoltaic cell unit 1 are arranged horizontally. The number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 is n, the battery pieces of each first photovoltaic cell string 2 are averagely divided into 2 rows, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 columns, the short sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged transversely and the long sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged vertically, and the battery pieces of two rows of one first photovoltaic cell string are aligned through the short sides. The number n of the battery pieces of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 in the photovoltaic cell unit 1 is the same as the number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2, the arrangement structure of the battery pieces of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 is symmetrical to the arrangement structure of the photovoltaic cell string of the first photovoltaic cell string 2, the battery pieces of each second photovoltaic cell string 3 are averagely divided into 2 rows, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 columns, the short sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged transversely and the long sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged vertically, and the battery pieces of two rows of one second photovoltaic cell string are aligned through the short sides. The rows of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the rows of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 in each photovoltaic cell unit 1 are aligned in a one-to-one correspondence along the lateral direction, the cells of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 form an array of 2 rows, (n/2) x 2 columns, and the cells of the m cells of the photovoltaic module form an array of 2m rows, (n/2) x 2 columns. The second side of the photovoltaic module is 2m long as the battery piece is long, the first side of the photovoltaic module is 2 short as the battery piece is long (n/2), as long as the second side is longer than the first side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a vertical photovoltaic module, and when the first side is longer than the second side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a horizontal photovoltaic module.

When m (m is more than or equal to 2) photovoltaic cell units 1 are arranged along the transverse direction, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 are arranged along the vertical direction. The number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 is n, the battery pieces of each first photovoltaic cell string 2 are equally divided into 2 columns, the number of the battery pieces of each column is n/2, the battery pieces of each column are arranged to form n/2 rows, the long edges of the battery pieces of each column are transversely arranged, the short edges of the battery pieces of each column are vertically arranged, and the battery pieces of two columns of one first photovoltaic cell string 2 are aligned through the short edges. The number n of the battery pieces of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 in the photovoltaic cell unit 1 is the same as the number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2, the arrangement structure of the battery pieces of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 is symmetrical to the arrangement structure of the photovoltaic cell string of the first photovoltaic cell string 2, the number n of the battery pieces of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 is equal to 2 columns, the number n/2 of the battery pieces of each column is equal to n/2, the battery pieces of each column are arranged to form n/2 rows, the long edge of the battery piece of each column is transversely arranged, the short edge of the battery piece of each column is vertically arranged, and the battery pieces of two columns of one second photovoltaic cell string 3 are aligned through the short edge. The columns of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the columns of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of one photovoltaic cell unit 1 are vertically aligned in a one-to-one correspondence, and the battery pieces of one photovoltaic cell unit 1 form an array of 2 columns and (n/2) x 2 rows; the cells of the m photovoltaic cells 1 of the photovoltaic module form an array of 2m columns, (n/2) x 2 rows. The side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is the side length (n/2) of the short side of the battery piece, and the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is the side length of the long side of the battery piece, which is 2m. As long as the side length of the second side is greater than the side length of the first side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a photovoltaic module of vertical type, and when the side length of the first side is greater than the side length of the second side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a photovoltaic module of horizontal type.

In practical application, the skilled person should select the specification of the battery piece and set the values of m and n by taking the size of the position space set by the photovoltaic module and the actually required power generation amount as references.

The photovoltaic module further comprises a negative electrode cable 7, a positive electrode cable 6, two junction boxes 4 and a diode 5, wherein the photovoltaic module is provided with a current input end and a current output end, when the whole photovoltaic module is regarded as a power supply, the current flows from the negative electrode of the power supply to the positive electrode of the power supply according to the flow direction of the current in the power supply, the current output end of the photovoltaic module is one end connected with the positive electrode of the photovoltaic module, the current input end of the photovoltaic module is one end connected with the negative electrode of the photovoltaic module, the positive electrode cable 6 and the current output end are connected through one junction box 8, the junction of the positive electrode cable 6 and the current output end is positioned in one junction box 4, the negative electrode cable 7 and the current input end are connected through the junction box 8, and the junction of the negative electrode cable 7 and the current input end is positioned in the other junction box 4. That is, the positive cable 6 and the negative cable 7 are respectively located at two sides of the corresponding positive electrode and negative electrode of the photovoltaic module, the positive cable 6 is connected with the positive electrode of the photovoltaic cell 1 adjacent thereto, and the negative cable 7 is connected with the negative electrode of the photovoltaic cell 1 adjacent thereto.

The diode 5 is arranged in one of the two junction boxes 4, the anode of the diode 5 is connected with the cathode cable 7, the cathode of the diode 5 is connected with the anode cable 6, and the diode 5 and all the photovoltaic battery units 1 are connected in parallel.

The diode 5 of the invention is different from the bypass diode in the prior art, and the bypass diode in the prior art is arranged in each photovoltaic cell unit 1, and has the function of being conducted after the battery piece in the photovoltaic cell unit 1 is shielded, and bypassing the photovoltaic cell string which is shielded and generates the high Wen Reban out of the circuit, thereby eliminating hot spots. The diode 5 of the embodiment has the effect that under the condition that the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of a certain photovoltaic cell unit 1 are equivalently shielded, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 become loads, equal load voltages are generated, no voltage difference and no current difference exist between the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3, current circulation cannot be generated between the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3, and at the moment, the diode 5 is conducted forward to start working, so that a path is provided for a photovoltaic module. The first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 are covered by the completely opaque object, which means that the battery piece is covered by the shadow on the part of the battery piece caused by the shielding of sunlight like clouds, in this case, the battery piece cannot be directly irradiated by sunlight but still can contact with the ambient light, in this case, the battery piece still can generate electricity to enable the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 to generate a voltage difference, the situation that the battery piece is not covered by the completely opaque object is not the case that the battery piece is covered by the completely opaque object, in practical application, the situation that the battery piece is covered by the completely opaque object is rarely happened, and the situation that the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of a certain photovoltaic cell unit 1 are covered by the completely opaque object is rarely happened at the same time, so that the starting opportunity of the diode 5 is very little, even if the possibility of starting the diode 5 is very small, the diode 5 is set in consideration that the existence of the situation, in general case, the diode 5 can not be installed.

In another case, there is a photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic system includes at least two photovoltaic modules connected in series in turn, each photovoltaic module has one diode 5, under the normal condition of sunlight, any one photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic system is completely shielded, the PN junction of the battery piece in the shielded photovoltaic module is in an interception state, at this time, in order to ensure the normal output power of other photovoltaic modules connected in series in the photovoltaic system, the diode 5 in the shielded photovoltaic module is conducted.

In the following description of the arrangement and configuration of the cells of the photovoltaic module, in the drawings of the embodiments, in order to avoid the mess caused by excessive lines, a rectangle is used instead of the long and short cell symbols of the cells in fig. 1 and 2.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 3, the cell of the present embodiment is a 210 x 210mm cell slice formed by bisecting and cutting a whole cell of 210 x 105mm, the photovoltaic module of the present embodiment includes 1 photovoltaic cell unit 1, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 are vertically arranged, m=3, n=16, that is, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 includes 3 first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 connected in series, the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 includes 3 second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 connected in series, the 3 first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 are horizontally arranged, the 3 second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are horizontally arranged, the cell pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2/the second photovoltaic cell string 3 form 6 columns and 8 rows of arrays, the first side of the photovoltaic module has a side length of 2 x 210 mm=1260, the second side has a side length of 16 x 2/2=0 mm, and the second side has a side length of 168 mm.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 4, the cell of the present embodiment is a 210 x 105mm cell slice formed by bisecting and cutting a whole cell of 210 x 210mm, the photovoltaic module of the present embodiment includes 1 photovoltaic cell unit 1, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 are vertically arranged, m=3, n=10, that is, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 of the photovoltaic cell power source 1 includes 3 first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 connected in series, the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of the photovoltaic cell power source 1 includes 3 second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 connected in series, the 3 first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 are horizontally arranged, the 3 second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are horizontally arranged, the cell pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2/the second photovoltaic cell string 3 form 6 columns and 5 rows of arrays, the first side of the photovoltaic module has a side length of 2 x 210 mm=1260, the second side has a side length of 10 x 2/2=1050 mm, and the second side has a width of 1050 mm.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 5, the cell of the present embodiment is a 210 x 105mm cell slice formed by bisecting and cutting a whole cell of 210 x 210mm, the photovoltaic module of the present embodiment includes 1 photovoltaic cell unit 1, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 are arranged along a transverse direction, m=5, n=10, that is, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 of the photovoltaic cell power source 1 includes 5 first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 connected in series, the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of the photovoltaic cell power source 1 includes 5 second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 connected in series, the 5 first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 are arranged vertically, the 5 second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are arranged vertically, the cell pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2/second photovoltaic cell string 3 all form an array of 10 rows and 5 columns, the cell pieces of the whole photovoltaic module form an array of 10 rows and 10 columns, the first side length of the photovoltaic module is 10/2 x 105 mm=1050 mm, the second side length is 2 x 5mm, the second side length is larger than the first side length of the photovoltaic module is larger than the second side length of 2100 mm.

Example 4

Referring to fig. 6, the cell of the present embodiment is a 210 x 105mm cell slice formed by bisecting and cutting a whole cell of 210 x 210mm, the photovoltaic module of the present embodiment includes 1 photovoltaic cell unit 1, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 are arranged along a transverse direction, m=3, n=14, that is, the first photovoltaic cell string 2 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 includes 3 first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 connected in series, the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of the photovoltaic cell unit 1 includes 3 second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 connected in series, the 3 first sub-photovoltaic cell strings 21 of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 are arranged vertically, the 3 second sub-photovoltaic cell strings 31 of the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are arranged vertically, the cell pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2/second photovoltaic cell string 3 form an array of 6 rows and 7 columns, the cell pieces of the whole photovoltaic module form an array of 6 rows and 14 columns, the first side length of the photovoltaic module is 14/2 x 105 mm=0 mm, the second side length is 2 x 105mm, the second side length is 2 x 3 mm=3 mm, and the second side length is larger than the first side length of the photovoltaic module is 210mm.

Example 5

Referring to fig. 7, the cell of the present embodiment is a cell slice of 210 x 105mm obtained by bisecting a 210 x 210mm whole cell, and the photovoltaic module of the present embodiment includes 6 photovoltaic cells 1 arranged vertically, i.e., m=6. The first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 are arranged along the transverse direction, the number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2/the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 is 4, namely n=4, the number of the battery pieces of each row after the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2/the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are equally divided into 2 rows is 2, the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form 2 columns, so that the battery pieces of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 form an array of 2 rows and 4 columns, and the short sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged along the transverse direction and the long sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged vertically. The photovoltaic module comprising 6 photovoltaic cells 1 forms an array of 12 rows and 4 columns, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is 4/2 x 105 mm=420 mm, the side length of the second side is 2 x 6 x 210 mm=2520 mm, the side length of the second side is greater than that of the first side, and the photovoltaic module is vertical.

The battery pieces of each first photovoltaic cell string 2 are equally divided into 2 rows, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 columns, the short sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged transversely, the long sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged vertically,

example 6

Referring to fig. 8, the cell of the present embodiment is a cell slice of 210 x 105mm obtained by bisecting a 210 x 210mm whole cell, and the photovoltaic module of the present embodiment includes 3 photovoltaic cells 1 arranged vertically, i.e., m=3. The first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 are arranged along the transverse direction, the number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2/the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 is 16, namely n=16, the number of the battery pieces of each row after the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2/the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are equally divided into 2 rows is 8, the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form 8 rows, so that the battery pieces of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 form an array of 2 rows and 16 rows, and the short sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged along the transverse direction and the long sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged vertically. The photovoltaic module comprising 3 photovoltaic cells 1 forms an array of 6 rows and 16 columns, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is 16/2 x 105 mm=1680 mm, the side length of the second side is 2 x 3 x 210 mm=1260 mm, the side length of the first side is larger than that of the second side, and the photovoltaic module is in a transverse plate shape.

Example 7

Referring to fig. 9, the cell of the present embodiment is a cell slice of 210 x 105mm obtained by bisecting a 210 x 210mm whole cell, and the photovoltaic module of the present embodiment includes 2 photovoltaic cells 1 arranged in a transverse direction, that is, m=2. The first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 are vertically arranged, the number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2/the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 is 10, namely n=10, the number of the battery pieces of each column after the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 are equally divided into 2 columns is 5, the battery pieces of each column are arranged to form 5 rows, so that the battery pieces of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 form an array of 2 columns and 10 rows, and the long edges of the battery pieces of each column are horizontally arranged and the short edges of the battery pieces of each column are vertically arranged. The photovoltaic module comprising 2 photovoltaic cells 1 forms an array of 4 columns and 10 rows, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is 2 x 210 mm=840 mm, the side length of the second side is 10/2 x 105 mm=1050 mm, the side length of the second side is greater than that of the first side, and the photovoltaic module is vertical.

Example 8

Referring to fig. 10, the cell of the present embodiment is a cell slice of 210 x 105mm obtained by bisecting a 210 x 210mm whole cell, and the photovoltaic module of the present embodiment includes 3 photovoltaic cells 1 arranged in a transverse direction, that is, m=3. The first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 are vertically arranged, the number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2/the second photovoltaic cell string 3 of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 is 10, namely n=10, the number of the battery pieces of each column after the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string 2 are equally divided into 2 columns is 5, the battery pieces of each column are arranged to form 5 rows, so that the battery pieces of each photovoltaic cell unit 1 form an array of 2 columns and 10 rows, and the long edges of the battery pieces of each column are horizontally arranged and the short edges of the battery pieces of each column are vertically arranged. The photovoltaic module comprising 3 photovoltaic cells 1 forms an array of 6 columns and 10 rows, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is 2 x 3 x 210 mm=1260 mm, the side length of the second side is 10/2 x 105 mm=1050 mm, the side length of the first side is larger than the second side, and the photovoltaic module is in a transverse layout.

The photovoltaic cell strings are formed by serially connecting sub photovoltaic cell strings firstly, then the photovoltaic cell strings are connected in series and then in parallel, the photovoltaic cell unit 1 is formed by parallelly connecting the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 firstly, then the photovoltaic cell unit 1 is connected in series and then in parallel and then in series, and then the transverse and vertical plate type is selected, so that the power loss caused by shielding of the battery pieces can be effectively reduced.

The above embodiments 1, 2, 3, and 4 are structures in which the sub-photovoltaic cell strings are connected in series to form a photovoltaic cell string, and then the photovoltaic cell strings are connected in parallel, the embodiments 5, 6, 7, and 8 are structures in which the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are connected in parallel to form a photovoltaic cell unit 1, and then the photovoltaic cell unit 1 is connected in series, wherein the embodiments 1, 3, 5, and 7 are vertical structures in which the side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is greater than the side length of the first side, the embodiments 2, 4, 6, and 8 are horizontal structures in which the side length of the first side is greater than the side length of the second side, and all the embodiments adopt cell slices of 210 x 105mm formed by halving and cutting 120 cells 210 x 210mm, and actually, the cell slices of the present invention can also adopt whole cells to connect, and the whole cells can select cells of other sizes and types in the prior art no matter the whole cell slice cells are formed by dividing the whole cells; when the cells are arranged, the number of columns and the number of rows can be set to be different from those of the embodiment, the photovoltaic module can be defined to be a vertical plate type structure as long as the side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is larger than the side length of the first side, and can be defined to be a transverse plate type structure as long as the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is larger than the side length of the second side, and the definition can be applied when the cells are whole cells; in addition, the photovoltaic cell strings in the above embodiments may also be presented in other arrangements, for example, the cells in the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are all arranged in a line; the above-mentioned selection of the size of the battery piece, the layout selection of the photovoltaic module, the number and the row number of the battery piece in the photovoltaic module, and the arrangement structure of the first sub-photovoltaic cell string 21/the first photovoltaic cell string 2/the second sub-photovoltaic cell string 31/the second photovoltaic cell string 3 are not limited, and the present invention is not limited, and a person skilled in the art should set the present invention with reference to the size of the position space in which the photovoltaic module is disposed and the actually required power generation amount, as long as the first photovoltaic cell string 2 and the second photovoltaic cell string 3 can have the same output voltage when they are not partially or completely shielded. It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiment, the drawings are made for convenience of understanding, a proper process gap is necessarily provided between two adjacent battery pieces, so as to accommodate the manufacturing tolerance of the cables connecting the two battery pieces or the absorbing battery pieces, but the interval shown in the drawings is not large, and if the connecting cables of the two adjacent battery pieces are accommodated at the back of the photovoltaic module, the process gap can be made smaller, so that, in the embodiment of the photovoltaic module, the side length of the first side also includes the process gap between the columns, and the side length of the second side also includes the process gap between the rows, and because the size of the process gap is small, the size relationship between the first side and the second side is not changed, that is, the layout of the photovoltaic module is not changed even if the length occupied by the process gap is added.

The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The photovoltaic module capable of eliminating the hot spots of the photovoltaic cells without using a diode bypass protection circuit is characterized by comprising at least one photovoltaic cell unit, wherein the photovoltaic cell unit comprises a first photovoltaic cell string and a second photovoltaic cell string which are connected in parallel, and each of the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string is formed by connecting a plurality of photovoltaic cell pieces in series;

2. The photovoltaic module for eliminating hot spots of a photovoltaic cell without a diode bypass protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic cell unit, a first photovoltaic cell string of the photovoltaic cell unit comprises at least two first sub-photovoltaic cell strings arranged in series, a second photovoltaic cell string of the photovoltaic cell unit comprises at least two second sub-photovoltaic cell strings arranged in series, and the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string are connected in parallel.

3. The photovoltaic module for eliminating hot spots of photovoltaic cells without using a diode bypass protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the number of photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic module is more than two, and the more than two photovoltaic cells are sequentially connected in series.

4. The photovoltaic module for eliminating hot spots of photovoltaic cells without diode bypass protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the first string of photovoltaic cells and the second string of photovoltaic cells are arranged vertically, at least two first sub-strings of photovoltaic cells of the first string of photovoltaic cells are arranged laterally, and at least two second sub-strings of photovoltaic cells of the second string of photovoltaic cells are arranged laterally; each battery piece is rectangular with long sides and short sides;

The number of the second sub-photovoltaic cell strings in the second photovoltaic cell strings is m, the number n of the battery pieces of each second sub-photovoltaic cell string in the second photovoltaic cell strings is equal, the battery pieces of each second sub-photovoltaic cell string are averagely divided into 2 columns, the number of columns in the second photovoltaic cell strings is 2m, the number of the battery pieces of each column is n/2, and the battery pieces of each column are arranged to form n/2 rows; the long edges of the battery pieces of each row are transversely arranged, the short edges of the battery pieces of each row are vertically arranged, the battery pieces of each row are aligned through the long edges, the battery pieces of two rows of one second sub-photovoltaic cell string and the battery pieces of two adjacent rows of two adjacent second sub-photovoltaic cell strings are aligned through the short edges, and the battery pieces in the second photovoltaic cell strings form an array of 2m rows and n/2 rows;

the columns of the first photovoltaic cell string and the columns of the second photovoltaic cell string are vertically aligned in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the battery pieces of the photovoltaic module form an array of 2m columns and (n/2) x 2 rows;

the photovoltaic module is rectangular with a first side extending along the transverse direction and a second side extending along the vertical direction, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is 2m of the side length of the long side of the battery piece, the side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is 2 of the side length of the short side of the battery piece, and when the side length of the second side is larger than the side length of the first side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a vertical type photovoltaic module; when the side length of the first side is longer than that of the second side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a transverse-type photovoltaic module.

5. The photovoltaic module for eliminating hot spots of photovoltaic cells without diode bypass protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the first string of photovoltaic cells and the second string of photovoltaic cells are arranged in a lateral direction, at least two first sub-strings of the first string of photovoltaic cells are arranged vertically, and at least two second sub-strings of the second string of photovoltaic cells are arranged vertically; each battery piece is rectangular with long sides and short sides;

the rows of the first photovoltaic cell strings and the rows of the second photovoltaic cell strings are aligned in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the battery pieces of the photovoltaic module form an array of 2m rows and (n/2) x 2 rows;

the photovoltaic module is rectangular with a first side extending along the transverse direction and a second side extending along the vertical direction, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is the side length (n/2) of the short side of the battery piece, the side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is the side length of the long side of the battery piece by 2m, and when the side length of the second side is larger than the side length of the first side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a vertical type photovoltaic module; when the side length of the first side is longer than that of the second side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a transverse-type photovoltaic module.

6. The photovoltaic module for eliminating hot spots of photovoltaic cells without a diode bypass protection circuit according to claim 3, wherein the number of photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic module is m and the m photovoltaic cells are vertically arranged, the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string of each photovoltaic cell are horizontally arranged, and each cell has a rectangular shape with long sides and short sides;

the number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string of each photovoltaic cell unit is n, the battery pieces of each first photovoltaic cell string are averagely divided into 2 rows, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 columns, the short sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged transversely and the long sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged vertically, and the battery pieces of two rows of one first photovoltaic cell string are aligned through the short sides; the number of the battery pieces of the second photovoltaic cell string of each photovoltaic cell unit is n, the battery pieces of each second photovoltaic cell string are averagely divided into 2 rows, the number of the battery pieces of each row is n/2, the battery pieces of each row are arranged to form n/2 columns, the short sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged transversely, the long sides of the battery pieces of each row are arranged vertically, and the battery pieces of two rows of one second photovoltaic cell string are aligned through the short sides;

The rows of the first photovoltaic cell string and the rows of the second photovoltaic cell string of one photovoltaic cell unit are correspondingly aligned in the transverse direction, and the cell sheets of one photovoltaic cell unit form an array of 2 rows and (n/2) x 2 columns; the battery pieces of m battery units of the photovoltaic module form an array of 2m rows and (n/2) x 2 columns;

the photovoltaic module is rectangular with a first side extending along the transverse direction and a second side extending along the vertical direction, the side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is 2m of the side length of the long side of the battery piece, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is 2 of the side length of the short side of the battery piece, and when the side length of the second side is larger than the side length of the first side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a vertical type photovoltaic module; when the side length of the first side is longer than that of the second side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a transverse-type photovoltaic module.

7. The photovoltaic module for eliminating hot spots of photovoltaic cells without a diode bypass protection circuit according to claim 3, wherein the number of photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic module is m and the m photovoltaic cells are arranged in a lateral direction, the first photovoltaic cell string and the second photovoltaic cell string of each photovoltaic cell are arranged in a vertical direction, and each of the cells has a rectangular shape having a long side and a short side;

The number of the battery pieces of the first photovoltaic cell string of each photovoltaic cell unit is n, the battery pieces of each first photovoltaic cell string are averagely divided into 2 columns, the number of the battery pieces of each column is n/2, the battery pieces of each column are arranged to form n/2 rows, the long edge of each battery piece of each column is transversely arranged, the short edge of each battery piece of each column is vertically arranged, and the battery pieces of two columns of one first photovoltaic cell string are aligned through the short edge; the number of the battery pieces of the second photovoltaic battery string of each photovoltaic battery unit is n, the battery pieces of each two photovoltaic battery strings are averagely divided into 2 columns, the number of the battery pieces of each column is n/2, the battery pieces of each column are arranged to form n/2 rows, the long edge of each battery piece of each column is transversely arranged, the short edge of each battery piece of each column is vertically arranged, and the battery pieces of two columns of one second photovoltaic battery string are aligned through the short edge;

the first photovoltaic cell string columns and the second photovoltaic cell string columns of the photovoltaic cell units are vertically aligned in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the cell sheets of one photovoltaic cell unit form an array of 2 columns and (n/2) x 2 rows; the battery pieces of m battery units of the photovoltaic module form an array of 2m rows and (n/2) x 2 rows;

The photovoltaic module is rectangular with a first side extending along the transverse direction and a second side extending along the vertical direction, the side length of the second side of the photovoltaic module is the side length (n/2) of the short side of the battery piece, the side length of the first side of the photovoltaic module is the side length of the long side of the battery piece by 2m, and when the side length of the second side is larger than the side length of the first side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a vertical type photovoltaic module; when the side length of the first side is longer than that of the second side, the photovoltaic module is defined as a transverse-type photovoltaic module.

8. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, further comprising a positive cable, a negative cable, two bus bars, and two junction boxes, wherein the photovoltaic module has a current input and a current output, the positive cable and the current output are connected by a bus bar, the junction between the positive cable and the current output is located in one of the two junction boxes, the negative cable and the current input are connected by a bus bar, and the junction between the negative cable and the current input is located in the other of the two junction boxes.

9. The photovoltaic module of claim 8, wherein the photovoltaic module further comprises a diode, wherein the positive electrode of the diode is connected to the negative electrode cable, the negative electrode of the diode is connected to the positive electrode cable, the diode and the photovoltaic cell are connected in parallel, and the diode is disposed in one of the two junction boxes.