CN116522072A - Radar logging data processing method - Google Patents
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- CN116522072A CN116522072A CN202310334799.7A CN202310334799A CN116522072A CN 116522072 A CN116522072 A CN 116522072A CN 202310334799 A CN202310334799 A CN 202310334799A CN 116522072 A CN116522072 A CN 116522072A
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- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a radar well logging data processing method, which relates to the technical field of radar well logging data processing, and comprises the following steps: step one, pretreatment: carrying out bad channel rejection, resampling and depth correction on read-in radar original data; step two, substantial treatment: and carrying out direct current elimination, band-pass filtering, background elimination and signal gain on the preprocessed standard data so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the signal. The data used in the method are all measured data of the radar logging in a certain mine, the original profile is severely disturbed in a stripe shape, effective information is covered, abnormal signals are obviously enhanced after a series of processing, and the effectiveness of the processing method and the processing flow are proved. The radar logging data processing method is used for processing underground actual data and making corresponding geological interpretation, and the effectiveness and the practicability of the processing are proved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar well logging data processing, in particular to a radar well logging data processing method.
Background
Logging is also commonly referred to as geophysical logging, and is briefly described as estimating formation information from physical parameters of formation rock and providing a basis for finding hydrocarbons. Conventional logging methods detect shallow depths and only obtain formation information in a small range around the well, with very limited information obtained. The radar well logging, also called as drilling radar, is a new type geophysical method working in drilling, and is an extension of ground penetrating radar technology, and its measuring mode includes three kinds of measuring modes of single hole reflection, cross hole measurement and well-ground measurement. Compared with the traditional logging technology, the radar logging radial detection range is larger and is closer to a target body, and the radar logging radial detection range has become an important means in logging work.
Radar well logging originated in the seventies of the twentieth century in europe, america, japan, etc. The Holzer and the Cook developed a first set of radar logging systems that could be put into service and performed well in detecting coal mines. In 1978, the german scholars Rubin et al first utilized pulsed radar logging to perform single-hole and cross-hole detection, promoting the development of radar logging. In 1980-1986, a national scientist developed an international program called STRIA, which aims to properly treat nuclear waste produced in nuclear power generation work, and scientists use radar logging to detect single-hole and cross-hole in sweden abandoned places, so that the geological characteristics of the area are determined, and theoretical basis is provided for selecting nuclear waste storage addresses. Since 2004, a great deal of radar logging theory research is performed by Sato et al, university of northeast Japan, who uses a dipole array antenna with an optical modulator to convert an electrical signal into an optical signal at the feed point of the dipole antenna, so that the loss of the signal is reduced, and the experimental result has high similarity with the result obtained by a borehole scanner, which provides a powerful support for the research and development of radar logging theory. In 2004, jilin university Liu Sixin et al developed a step frequency system radar logging system based on a network analyzer, and studied underground cavities of Liaoning Xiuyan, crack areas in Changbai mountain geothermal fields, and the like. In order to make up for the shortages of the conventional logging technology, provide a new means for oil field exploration, improve the oil field exploration efficiency in China, reduce the exploration cost, develop a set of radar imaging logging device with independent intellectual property and data processing software and have important significance
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a radar logging data processing method for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a radar well logging data processing method, comprising the steps of: step one, pretreatment: carrying out bad channel rejection, resampling and depth correction on read-in radar original data; step two, substantial treatment: and carrying out direct current elimination, band-pass filtering, background elimination and signal gain on the preprocessed standard data so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the signal.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention also provides the following optional technical schemes:
in one alternative: the first pretreatment: the specific steps of carrying out bad track rejection, resampling and depth correction on the read-in radar original data are as follows: bad trace removal: drawing a bad track analysis chart, taking absolute values of amplitude values of each track of data, adding the absolute values to obtain amplitude sums, and processing the bad track according to the size of the analysis values; resampling: interpolation is carried out on original radar data through a function inter 1 carried by Matlab software, so that the data are distributed at equal intervals; depth correction: and comparing and correcting the conventional logging natural gamma curve with the radar logging natural gamma curve.
In one alternative: and after the preprocessing in the step one is finished, the data format is stored as a binary file.
In one alternative: the DC elimination mode is a moving time window processing.
In one alternative: the band-pass filtering is signal processing through a band-pass filter.
In one alternative: the background cancellation is performed in the following manner: each lane of data is processed using a moving time window of a particular size.
In one alternative: the signal gain is performed in such a way that the gain processing starts from time zero.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the data used in the method are all measured data of the radar logging in a certain mine, the original profile is severely disturbed in a stripe shape, effective information is covered, abnormal signals are obviously enhanced after a series of processing, and the effectiveness of the processing method and the processing flow are proved. The radar logging data processing method is used for processing underground actual data and making corresponding geological interpretation, and the effectiveness and the practicability of the processing are proved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of single-hole measurement machine according to the present invention, wherein a is a schematic diagram of single-hole measurement, and b is a radar image corresponding to different configurations.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a radar data arrangement structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a radar apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a radar apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a data processing flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an original cross section of the radar of the present invention, wherein a is an antenna one cross section, b is an antenna two cross section, and c is an antenna three cross section.
FIG. 6 is a chart of bad track analysis according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the bad track processing result according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a resampled radar cross section of the present invention, a is a resampled cross section of an antenna, b is a resampled cross section of an antenna, and c is a tripled sampled cross section of an antenna.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the depth correction principle of the present invention, a is before the correction of the radar GR curve and the conventional logging GR curve, and b is after the correction of the radar GR curve and the conventional logging GR curve.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of radar substantial processing according to the present invention, wherein a is standard data after preprocessing; b is data after direct current elimination; c is the data after band-pass filtering; d is the data after background elimination; e is the gain processed data.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. The examples set forth herein are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any obvious modifications or alterations to the invention, as would be apparent, are made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
And (3) a step of: radar logging theory of operation and measurement mode
Radar logging is a geophysical method for working in a borehole, and uses the difference in dielectric constant of a medium to receive radar echoes by transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves to the surroundings, and estimates information of a subsurface space structure and an abnormal body from the characteristics thereof. The propagation of electromagnetic waves emitted by radar is mainly governed by the conductivity σ, the permeability μ=μ r μ 0 Dielectric constant epsilon=epsilon r ε 0 And the effect of angular frequency ω=2pi f. In actual operation, the relative permeability is in most cases close to 1, so the change in permeability is generally not considered. It is common to measure whether a radar wave can propagate by q=ωε/σ, if Q<<1, the radar wave propagates mainly in a diffuse form; if Q>>1, the energy of the radar wave propagates mainly in the form of a wave, where the velocity v and the attenuation coefficient α are related as follows:
z is as above 0 Is free space wave impedance.
The adopted single-hole reflection measurement is that the receiving and transmitting antennas are all placed in the same borehole, and the receiving and transmitting antennas move along the radial direction of the borehole together to finish the detection of the target. The single-hole measurement mechanism is shown in fig. 1, and the mode from bottom to top is generally adopted in actual detection:
(1) In the process of moving the transceiver antenna from below the fault to above the fault through the fault of the well bore, the lower half of the fault, namely the right side fault of the well bore in the figure, is imaged, and after moving to above the fault, the upper half of the fault, namely the left side fault of the well bore in the figure, is imaged, so that a 'scissors-shaped' waveform chart 1 (a) is finally formed.
(2) For faults that do not pass through the borehole, two straight lines, which are parallel, are imaged fig. 1 (b).
(3) The point-like reflector is imaged like a hyperbolic shape fig. 1 (b).
And II: data processing flow
The embodiment of the invention provides a radar logging data processing method, which comprises the following steps: step one, pretreatment: carrying out bad channel rejection, resampling and depth correction on read-in radar original data; step two, substantial treatment: and carrying out direct current elimination, band-pass filtering, background elimination and signal gain on the preprocessed standard data so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the signal.
Because the underground environment is bad in actual work and the geological structure around the well is complex, the radar measured original data has various noises besides the effective information needed by us, so the original data needs to be processed in a series to inhibit the noises, improve the signal-to-noise ratio and strengthen the effective signal, and the information of the underground structure and the abnormal body can be clearly and accurately obtained.
The application adopts a radar imaging logging data processing system to process underground actual data. Before substantial processing of the radar signal, the radar raw data is first preprocessed, including: bad trace rejection, resampling, and depth correction.
Bad trace removal: firstly, carrying out bad track elimination work through a bad track analysis chart drawn by software, wherein the chart shows that the amplitude value of each track of data is added to obtain the amplitude sum after taking the absolute value, and the bad track is processed through the size of the analysis value. The principle is that the average amplitude value of each antenna is taken, all the channels with the amplitude lower than (the average amplitude value is the coefficient) are replaced by the previous channel data, and the input parameters are determined by the user.
Resampling: due to the interference of the internal factors and the external factors of the instrument, the actual data sampling intervals in each antenna are not necessarily equal intervals, as shown in fig. 2, which simulates the longitudinal radar data arrangement, it is obvious that the depth intervals between the sampling points are not uniform, which is very inconvenient for the subsequent processing work. The original radar data is interpolated by the function interp1 of the Matlab software to make the data equally spaced, so that the resampled data is just a specific embodiment of the disclosure, but the protection scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the disclosure can easily think about the change or substitution, and all the changes and substitutions are covered in the protection scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Depth correction: because the radar logging is put into the well through the cable during working, the cable stretches out and draws back under the external force to cause deviation during depth recording, and therefore depth correction is required. The depth correction adopts a method that a conventional logging natural gamma curve is compared with a radar logging natural gamma curve and corrected. However, if the depth of the measurement point of the natural gamma instrument is directly corrected as the depth of the radar data, as shown in fig. 3, there is a deviation, and the distance between the natural gamma instrument and the actual radar antenna is taken into consideration, so that more accurate depth correction is achieved.
And finally, storing the data format into a binary file, so that the subsequent processing is convenient.
And after the pretreatment is finished, processing the standard data. Most of the current methods for radar logging and ground penetrating radar signal processing are based on seismic exploration technology, and the purpose of the method is to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of signals. The processing steps mainly comprise direct current elimination, band-pass filtering, background elimination and signal gain.
Direct current elimination: because the electronic control unit can generate system drift when in use under a very-normal temperature condition, radar signals surround a certain non-zero value and need to be calibrated, the method adopted by the software is moving time window processing.
Band-pass filtering: the radar is affected by the inside of the instrument and external factors in the imaging process, so that random frequency interference can occur, and the signal to noise ratio can be improved through processing by the band-pass filter.
Background elimination: the radar has a certain background noise in actual operation, and is easy to cause strong interference, so that the common parts in the data are eliminated, and the method is to process each data by using a moving time window with a specific size.
Signal gain: since radar signal strength weakens with increasing propagation time, in order to display more deep information, the subsequent weak signal strength needs to be improved, and the software starts gain processing from time zero through a built-in algorithm.
In summary, the data processing flow is summarized as shown in fig. 4.
Thirdly,: actual data processing results and analysis
The actual data used in this application was collected from elm tree city, schanxi, lazu city, lin Tu town. The center frequency of the radar logging antenna adopted in the experiment is 250MHz, the offset distance is 2.74m, the sampling rate is 2.5G, and the time sampling interval is 0.04ns.
After the radar actual measurement original data is read in, preprocessing is firstly carried out. The radar original image is drawn as shown in fig. 5, and the amplitude of each antenna is displayed, as shown in fig. 6, it can be seen that there are individual minima, which are caused by that the data is too small or almost zero, and the bad track removing work is required, and the result after the bad track processing is shown in fig. 7.
Subsequent resampling at 0.1m intervals was performed, after which the non-uniform track spacing was clearly seen to disappear, as shown in fig. 8.
Then, the depth correction is performed, fig. 9 (a) is a conventional well logging curve of X300m-X400m and a radar well logging curve, on the premise that the natural gamma depth of conventional well logging is considered to be accurate, we compare the natural gamma curve measured by conventional well logging with the natural gamma curve measured by radar data, the peak value difference between the two curves is about 30m in the figure, namely, the complementary difference depth is 30m, the correction result is shown in fig. 9 (b), and the two curves are seen to be consistent in trend to the greatest extent at the moment, so that the depth correction is completed.
Taking the three x400m-x425m well section of the antenna as an example, the preprocessed data is stored as a standard data diagram 10 (a) of a bin format, the stripe interference is obviously serious, and then the substantial processing is started.
The standard data was dc cancelled using a 20ns moving time window, interference mitigation figure 10 (b).
The cross section can see a large amount of low-frequency and high-frequency interference, so that the data are filtered by using a band-pass filter of 100MHz-300MHz, the filtering result is ideal, the interference is effectively suppressed, and the response at x410m is strong in fig. 10 (c).
Background elimination for each trace of data using a moving time window of 30ns fig. 10 (d), the more pronounced the anomaly is seen.
Finally we use the automatic gain control algorithm to enhance the signal, making the anomaly more pronounced in fig. 10 (e).
By consulting local geological data, the lithology of the well section is known to be dolomite, and the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the dolomite is calculated to be 1.13 multiplied by 10 -8 m/s, and the maximum distance of the transverse detection can be deduced to be 11m by assisting with the travel time information. On the three-single-hole reflection radar image of the antenna, the whole abnormal trend can be clearly seen to be arc-shaped at the depth of X410-X415m, the three-hole reflection radar image consists of a plurality of tiny hyperbolas and columnar curves, and the three-hole reflection radar image can be interpreted as a plurality of point-shaped reflectors and plane-shaped reflectors through analysis of a single-hole reflection mechanism (figure 1). These reflector radar images are characterized by a clear and representative image, see fig. 10e. By integrating the geological conditions of the region, the abnormality can be presumed to be a broken zone, wherein the point-shaped reflector is a karst cave, and the planar reflector is a karst fissure.
The application provides a set of data processing method based on three-antenna radar imaging logging data processing software, and processes measured data to obtain the following conclusion:
for more convenient and efficient processing of data, radar logging software is pre-processed based on conventional logging theory, i.e. bad track rejection, resampling, depth correction, before substantial processing.
The working flow of the three-antenna radar logging software is as follows: preprocessing measured data, substantially processing the data and interpreting the data.
The data used in the method are all measured data of the radar logging in a certain mine, and the situation that the original section is seriously disturbed in a stripe shape is not difficult to see, and effective information is covered. After a series of treatments, the abnormal signal is obviously enhanced, and the effectiveness of the treatment method and the flow is proved. Processing section profile anomalies in combination with local geological data to infer fractured zones.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the disclosure, but the protection scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the disclosure, and it is intended to cover the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A radar well logging data processing method, comprising the steps of:
step one, pretreatment: carrying out bad channel rejection, resampling and depth correction on read-in radar original data;
step two, substantial treatment: and carrying out direct current elimination, band-pass filtering, background elimination and signal gain on the preprocessed standard data so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step one preprocess: the specific steps of carrying out bad track rejection, resampling and depth correction on the read-in radar original data are as follows:
bad trace removal: drawing a bad track analysis chart, taking absolute values of amplitude values of each track of data, adding the absolute values to obtain amplitude sums, and processing the bad track according to the size of the analysis values;
resampling: interpolation is carried out on original radar data through a function inter 1 carried by Matlab software, so that the data are distributed at equal intervals;
depth correction: and comparing and correcting the conventional logging natural gamma curve with the radar logging natural gamma curve.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step one preprocessing is completed and the data format is saved as a binary file.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dc cancellation is a moving time window process.
5. The radar log data processing method of claim 1, wherein the bandpass filtering is signal processing by a bandpass filter.
6. The radar log data processing method of claim 1, wherein the background cancellation is performed by: each lane of data is processed using a moving time window of a particular size.
7. The radar well logging data processing method according to claim 1, wherein the signal gain is performed in such a manner that gain processing is started from zero time.
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| CN117348001A (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-05 | 北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司 | Dual-excitation dual-receiving borehole radar detection system and method for deep ground environment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117348001A (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-05 | 北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司 | Dual-excitation dual-receiving borehole radar detection system and method for deep ground environment |
| CN117348001B (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-02-13 | 北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司 | Dual-excitation dual-receiving borehole radar detection system and method for deep ground environment |
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