CN116512378A - Ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing and forming system and method - Google Patents
Ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing and forming system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116512378A CN116512378A CN202310373834.6A CN202310373834A CN116512378A CN 116512378 A CN116512378 A CN 116512378A CN 202310373834 A CN202310373834 A CN 202310373834A CN 116512378 A CN116512378 A CN 116512378A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 284
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005467 ceramic manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009700 powder processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing and forming system and a method, relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and solves the technical problems that powder paving efficiency of ceramic multi-material powder is low and pollution is easy to occur among the multi-material powder. The powder spreading mechanism is provided with a powder bin, a polarization mechanism, a clamping plate, an openable support plate, a vibrating screen, a camera and the like, the clamping plate is used for cutting off the powder spreading capacity each time, the openable support plate is used for pouring the powder on the vibrating screen, the vibrating screen is provided with uniformly distributed small holes, the polarization mechanism drives the vibrating screen to work, the powder spreading process in the 'surface' area is completed, and the working efficiency of the powder spreading system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing forming system and method.
Background
Ceramic materials have very important applications in various fields such as medical treatment, aerospace, microwave communication and the like due to the excellent characteristics of high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. However, the conventional ceramic manufacturing process has certain requirements on the number of ceramic forming materials, the shape and the cavity shape structure of the ceramic product, and can not meet the requirements of the modern industry on the ceramic product, and the ceramic additive manufacturing technology is particularly suitable for manufacturing some ceramic products with limited conventional ceramic manufacturing process.
The Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technology is one of ceramic additive manufacturing technologies, and the working principle is as follows: firstly, a layer of ceramic powder is paved in advance through powder supply and paving equipment, then a printing track is formed according to model data, a laser light source is controlled to selectively sinter the pre-paved solid powder, single-layer printing is completed, and a layer of powder is paved again for sintering. And continuously repeating the processes, and performing laser sintering, solidification and superposition layer by layer to form a three-dimensional entity with a required shape, and performing post-treatment to obtain a final product.
The traditional SLS ceramic additive manufacturing equipment mainly utilizes a screw rod, a scraping plate or a scraping plate mechanism of a powder feeding system to extrude and scrape required powder in a powder storage cylinder into a working cylinder. The conventional SLS manufacturing process has several drawbacks:
(1) In the process of feeding and spreading powder by screw extrusion, the powder feeding system needs a scraping plate or a scraping knife to scrape raw material powder into a working cylinder, and the powder feeding and spreading process takes too long, so that the manufacturing efficiency is affected.
(2) For the ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing forming process, the number of required raw material powder storage cylinders is possibly more, and the step of scraping the powder into the working cylinders is easy to cause the problem of mutual pollution among different raw material powders.
(3) The scraper or the working table surface after powder is paved by the scraper can have residual powder, is easy to waste and pollute a powder cylinder, and has longer working stroke of a powder suction system.
(4) Because the scraper blade or scraper mechanism of the powder feeding system has certain fluidity and good loose density in the powder feeding and spreading process, certain requirements are imposed on the appearance and average particle size of the powder, the powder is generally required to be in a sphere structure, the particle size cannot be too small, the average particle size is about 20-70 mu m, the particle size is required to be distributed narrowly, and the working time for preparing the powder is very long. On the other hand, because the particle size of the ceramic powder is larger, and the powder is paved by a scraper, the paved powder bed has low density, and the power requirement of a laser system is large, so that the compactness and the sintering forming effect of the ceramic blank are affected.
In summary, a need exists for a new ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing forming system and method.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing forming system and a ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing forming method, which aim at realizing accurate powder paving of a powder paving mechanism of ceramic multi-material powder, improving the working efficiency of the powder paving mechanism and solving the pollution problem among the ceramic multi-material powder.
The technical aim of the application is achieved through the following technical scheme:
the application discloses ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing forming system and method, wherein the forming system comprises a control system, a driving motor, a powder spreading mechanism, a powder guide tube, a powder storage cylinder, a laser system, an air outlet, a powder pressing mechanism, a working cylinder, a substrate, a push rod, a slide rail, a ball screw, a supporting table, an auxiliary slide rail, a powder suction system and the like.
In order to realize ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing, the system comprises a plurality of powder spreading mechanisms, a plurality of powder storage cylinders, a plurality of powder guide pipes, a plurality of guide rails and other parts, the control system numbers the powder spreading mechanisms, the powder spreading mechanisms corresponding to the numbers are controlled to spread powder according to model parameters, the control system controls the powder spreading mechanisms corresponding to the numbers to return to an initial position after powder spreading, and the control system carries out the next process according to the model parameters and repeats continuously, so that ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing is realized.
The base plate is positioned in the working cylinder, and the bottom of the raw material powder is used for preheating ceramic raw material powder of the working table. The push rod is positioned at the bottom of the working cylinder and used for driving the up-and-down displacement movement of the working table surface.
The protection gas inlet is arranged outside the leftmost side of the system, the opening height is approximately the same as the horizontal working plane height of the working cylinder, and the laser sintering reaction is protected to the greatest extent. The shielding gas outlet is arranged at the outer side of the top of the system.
The working cylinders in the system can move back and forth and left and right in the plane. The working cylinder is arranged on the supporting table, the supporting table is arranged on the sliding rail, and the driving motor drives the sliding rail to move and drives the supporting table to move in a front-back translation mode. The working cylinder is driven by a ball screw to realize the left-right translation motion of the working cylinder.
Each powder spreading mechanism comprises a powder guide pipe joint, a powder bin, a polarization mechanism, a clamping plate, an openable support plate, a vibrating screen, a camera and the like. Wherein holes are formed on the vibrating screen, the holes are uniformly distributed, the powder guide pipe joint is connected with the powder guide pipe, and the powder bin is connected with powder supply through the powder guide pipe by the powder storage cylinder. The grain diameter of the ceramic raw material powder in the powder storage cylinder is less than or equal to 15 mu m, and the external structure of the ceramic raw material powder is not required to be a sphere structure.
The control system calculates the powder paving amount according to the model data information, controls the clamping plates to isolate the needed raw material powder in the powder bin, controls the openable support plates to open, and pours all the raw material powder isolated by the support plates to the upper surface of the vibrating screen. The control system controls the openable support plate to be closed, controls the clamping plate to recycle, lowers the height of raw material powder in the powder bin, and supplies powder to the powder bin through the powder guide pipe by the powder storage cylinder.
The control system controls the image sensor-camera to detect the real-time position of the working cylinder, positions the powder paving system and the working cylinder, controls the polarization mechanism to drive the vibrating screen to vibrate, and the raw material powder on the vibrating screen is paved into the working cylinder through the holes on the vibrating screen to finish the local powder paving of a 'face' area in the working cylinder. And the control system detects the real-time position of the working cylinder according to the camera, and moves the working cylinder to the designated position to finish the next powder spreading process. This step is repeated until the whole powder spreading process is finally completed.
Each powder spreading mechanism is connected with the powder storage cylinder through a powder guide pipe, and each powder spreading mechanism is provided with a guide rail and is connected to the main guide rail through a certain arc line in a transitional manner. The control system selects a required powder paving mechanism to enter the guide rail according to the instruction, and controls the powder paving mechanism to move through the guide rail so as to finish the powder paving process.
After the powder is spread, the control system controls the powder pressing mechanism and the working cylinder to move according to the instruction, and the powder pressing process is completed. And finally, the control system controls the working cylinder to move to a working area of the laser system to finish single-layer laser additive manufacturing.
After the single-layer laser additive manufacturing is completed, the control system controls the powder sucking system to move on the auxiliary guide rail, redundant powder in the working cylinder is sucked away after the powder sucking system reaches the working cylinder, and the control system controls the powder sucking system to move on the auxiliary guide rail to return to the starting point.
The system repeats the steps to finish the next layer of laser additive manufacturing, and repeats continuously until the ceramic workpiece is finished.
The beneficial effects of this application lie in: the ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing forming system and method change the traditional powder feeding and scraping plate powder paving process, realize accurate powder paving of ceramic multi-material powder, realize powder paving in a 'surface' area, improve the working efficiency of a powder paving system and solve the pollution problem among ceramic multi-material powder. Compared with the traditional powder paving system, the particle size of the raw material powder required by the powder paving system is greatly reduced and is less than or equal to 15 mu m, the appearance structure is not required to be of a sphere structure, the difficulty of raw material powder processing is reduced, the powder bed density of the powder paving is improved, and the density and sintering forming effect of a ceramic blank are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing forming system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder spreading mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rail arrangement of a powder spreading mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder arrangement according to an embodiment of the present application
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a motion control flow of a powder spreading mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;
in the figure: the device comprises a 1-driving motor, a 2-shielding gas inlet, a 3-powder paving mechanism, a 4-powder guide pipe, a 5-powder storage cylinder, a 6-laser system, a 7-gas outlet, an 8-powder pressing mechanism, a 9-working cylinder, a 10-substrate, an 11-push rod, a 12-laser system working window, a 13-guide rail, a 14-guide rail, a 15-ball screw, a 16-support table, a 17-auxiliary guide rail, a 18-powder sucking system, a 19-main guide rail, a 31-camera, a 32-vibrating screen, a 33-openable support plate, a 34-clamping plate, a 35-polarization mechanism, a 36-powder bin and a 37-powder guide pipe joint.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4, the ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing and forming system described in the application comprises a control system, a driving motor 1, a powder spreading mechanism 3, a powder guide tube 4, a powder storage cylinder 5, a laser system 6, an air outlet 7, a powder pressing mechanism 8, a working cylinder 9, a base plate 10, a push rod 11, a slide rail 14, a ball screw 15, a supporting table 16, a secondary slide rail 17 and a powder suction system 18.
The powder storage cylinder 5, the laser system 6 and the air outlet 7 are all arranged on the outer side of the top of the system, the shielding gas inlet 2 is arranged on the outer side of the leftmost side of the system, and the powder paving mechanism 3, the powder guide tube 4, the powder pressing mechanism 8, the working cylinder 9, the base plate 10, the push rod 11, the slide rail 14, the ball screw 15, the supporting table 16, the auxiliary slide rail 17 and the powder sucking system 18 are all arranged in the system; the control system controls the movement of the powder spreading mechanism 3, the powder pressing mechanism 8, the working cylinder 9 and the powder sucking system 18; the control system controls the movement of the working cylinder 9 to the working area of the laser system 6.
The cylinder 9 is stationary while the suction system 18 sucks the powder.
The powder storage cylinder 5 is connected with the powder spreading mechanism 3 through the powder guide pipe 4, and the powder spreading mechanism 3 and the powder pressing mechanism 8 are arranged above the working cylinder 9; a base plate 10 is arranged in the working cylinder 9, and a push rod 11 is connected to the bottom of the working cylinder 9.
The supporting table 16 is arranged on the sliding rail 14, the working cylinder 9 is arranged on the supporting table 16, the driving motor 1 is connected with the sliding rail 14, and the working cylinder 9 is connected with the ball screw 15; the powder suction system 18 is connected with the auxiliary sliding rail 17; the control system controls the movement of the ball screw 15 and the push rod 11.
As a specific embodiment, the opening height of the shielding gas inlet 2 is about the same as the horizontal working height of the working cylinder 9, so that the laser sintering reaction can be protected to the greatest extent.
The working cylinder 9 of the system can realize accurate movement at any position in a working area, and mainly comprises: the working cylinder 9 is arranged on the supporting table 16, meanwhile, the supporting table 16 is arranged on the sliding rail 14, and the control system controls the driving motor 1 to drive the sliding rail 14 to move so as to drive the supporting table 16 to move in a front-back translation mode. The cylinder 9 is driven by a ball screw 15 to realize the left-right translational movement of the cylinder 9. The lower part of the working cylinder 9 is provided with a push rod 11, and the control system pushes the push rod 11 to drive the base plate 10 to move up and down.
The system comprises a plurality of powder spreading mechanisms 3, at least two powder spreading mechanisms 3, the quantity of powder guide pipes 4 and powder storage cylinders 5 is the same as that of the powder spreading mechanisms 3, and each powder spreading mechanism 3 is connected with the corresponding powder storage cylinder 5 through the powder guide pipe 4. As shown in fig. 2, each powder spreading mechanism 3 comprises a vibrating screen 32, a polarization mechanism 35 and a powder bin 36, cameras (31) are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the powder spreading mechanism (3), the vibrating screen 32 is arranged at the bottom of the powder spreading mechanism 3, the powder bin 36 is arranged above the vibrating screen 32, a clamping plate 34 and an openable support plate 33 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the powder bin 36 from top to bottom, a powder guide pipe joint 37 is arranged at the top of the powder bin 36, the powder guide pipe joint 37 is connected with a powder guide pipe 4, and the powder bin 36 is connected with a powder storage cylinder 5 through the powder guide pipe 4; the polarizing mechanisms 35 are arranged at two sides of the powder bin 36, the top of the polarizing mechanism 35 is connected with the top of the powder spreading mechanism 3, and the bottom is respectively connected with two ends of the vibrating screen 32. The powder spreading flow of the powder spreading mechanism is shown in fig. 5.
The control system is connected with the camera 31, the polarization mechanism 35, the openable and closable support plate 33 and the clamping plate 34.
As shown in fig. 3, each of the powder spreading mechanisms 3 has its own guide rail 13, and is connected to the main guide rail 19 through a certain arc transition. The control system selects a required powder paving mechanism 3 to enter the guide rail 13 according to the instruction, and controls the powder paving mechanism 3 to move to the main guide rail 19 through the guide rail 13 so as to perform powder paving on the working cylinder 9, so that the powder paving process is completed.
The application describes a ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing forming method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: three-dimensional digital model information is input to a forming system.
S2: the control system selects the powder spreading mechanism 3 with the corresponding number according to the three-dimensional digital model information.
S3: the control system receives data information of the image sensor-camera 31, and controls the selected powder spreading mechanism 3 to move from the guide rail 13 to the target position.
S4: the control system receives data information of the image sensor-camera 31, and the control system controls the driving motor 1 to move the support table 16 on the slide rail 14 to a specified position.
S5: the control system receives data information of the image sensor-camera 31, and drives the ball screw 15 to move the cylinder 9 to a specified position.
S6: the control system calculates the powder spreading amount according to the three-dimensional digital model information and controls the clamping plate 34 to be closed at a certain height, so that the powder in the space between the clamping plate 34 and the bottom openable support plate 33 is the raw material powder amount of the powder spreading. Accurate powder spreading can be realized by calculating the powder spreading amount.
S7: the control system controls the openable and closable support plate 33 to be opened, and the raw material powder is completely poured onto the vibrating screen 32.
S8: the control system controls the polarization mechanism 35 to work to drive the vibrating screen 32 to vibrate, and raw material powder on the vibrating screen 32 is paved into the working cylinder 9 through holes on the vibrating screen 32, so that powder paving in a 'face' area is completed.
S9: after the powder spreading process of the primary 'surface' area is completed, the control system controls the openable support plate 33 to be closed.
S10: the control system controls the clamping plate 34 to recycle, the raw material powder of the powder bin 36 is lowered in height, and the powder storage cylinder 5 supplies powder to the powder bin 36 through the powder guide pipe 4.
S11: the control system judges whether all powder spreading processes of the raw material powder are finished, if not, the control system returns to the step S3, and the steps S3 to S11 are re-executed to finish the next powder spreading process until the powder spreading in the 'surface' area of the raw material powder consumption is finished; if yes, the control system controls the numbering powder spreading mechanism 3 to return to the initial position.
S12: after the powder is spread in the primary 'surface' area, the control system controls the movement of the powder pressing mechanism 8 and the working cylinder 9 according to the instruction, and the powder pressing process is completed.
S13: the control system controls the working cylinder 9 to move to the working area of the laser system 6, so that one layer of laser additive manufacturing is completed.
S14: after one layer of laser additive manufacturing is finished, the control system controls the powder suction system 18 to move on the auxiliary sliding rail 17, and after the powder suction system 18 reaches the working cylinder 9, excessive powder in the working cylinder 9 is sucked away, and the control system controls the powder suction system 18 to move on the auxiliary sliding rail 17 to return to the starting point.
Specifically, the powder sucking system 18 of the system is used for sucking away the excessive powder in the working cylinder 9 after each layer of laser sintering process in the working cylinder 9 is completed, so that the next layer of ceramic powder is conveniently laid, and the laser sintering is completed. The powder sucking system 18 is arranged on the auxiliary slide rail 17, the working cylinder 9 is fixed after each layer of laser sintering is finished, the control system drives the powder sucking system 18 to move along the auxiliary slide rail 17, after the powder sucking system 18 is controlled to finish powder sucking after reaching a specified position, and after the powder sucking process is finished, the control system drives the powder sucking system 18 to return to an initial position along the auxiliary slide rail 17.
S15: the system repeats steps S2 to S14 to finish the next layer of laser additive manufacturing until the ceramic product is finally finished.
The foregoing is an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing and forming system is characterized by comprising a control system, a driving motor (1), a powder spreading mechanism (3), a powder guide tube (4), a powder storage cylinder (5), a laser system (6), an air outlet (7), a powder pressing mechanism (8), a working cylinder (9), a substrate (10), a push rod (11), a slide rail (14), a ball screw (15), a supporting table (16), an auxiliary slide rail (17) and a powder sucking system (18);
the powder storage cylinder (5), the laser system (6) and the air outlet (7) are all arranged on the outer side of the top of the system, the protective air inlet (2) is arranged on the outer side of the leftmost side of the system, and the powder spreading mechanism (3), the powder guide tube (4), the powder pressing mechanism (8), the working cylinder (9), the base plate (10), the push rod (11), the slide rail (14), the ball screw (15), the supporting table (16), the auxiliary slide rail (17) and the powder sucking system (18) are all arranged in the system; the control system controls the movement of the powder spreading mechanism (3), the powder pressing mechanism (8), the working cylinder (9) and the powder sucking system (18); the control system controls the working cylinder (9) to move to the working area of the laser system (6);
the powder storage cylinder (5) is connected with the powder spreading mechanism (3) through a powder guide pipe (4), and the powder spreading mechanism (3) and the powder pressing mechanism (8) are arranged above the working cylinder (9); a base plate (10) is arranged in the working cylinder (9), and a push rod (11) is connected to the bottom of the working cylinder (9);
the supporting table (16) is arranged on the sliding rail (14), the working cylinder (9) is arranged on the supporting table (16), the driving motor (1) is connected with the sliding rail (14), and the working cylinder (9) is connected with the ball screw (15); the powder suction system (18) is connected with the auxiliary sliding rail (17); the control system controls the movement of the ball screw (15) and the push rod (11).
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the powder spreading mechanism (3) comprises a vibrating screen (32), a polarization mechanism (35) and a powder bin (36), cameras (31) are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the powder spreading mechanism (3), the vibrating screen (32) is arranged at the bottom of the powder spreading mechanism (3), the powder bin (36) is arranged above the vibrating screen (32), a clamping plate (34) and an openable support plate (33) are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the powder bin (36) from top to bottom, a powder guide pipe joint (37) is arranged at the top of the powder bin (36), the powder guide pipe joint (37) is connected with a powder guide pipe (4), and the powder bin (36) is connected with the powder storage cylinder (5) through the powder guide pipe (4); the polarizing mechanisms (35) are arranged at two sides of the powder bin (36), the top of each polarizing mechanism (35) is connected with the top of the powder spreading mechanism (3), and the bottom of each polarizing mechanism is connected with two ends of the vibrating screen (32) respectively; the control system is connected with the camera (31), the polarization mechanism (35), the openable support plate (33) and the clamping plate (34).
3. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the powder spreading mechanisms (3) is moved by a respective guide rail (13), the guide rail (13) being connected to a main guide rail (19), the powder spreading mechanism (3) performing the powder spreading being moved from the guide rail (13) to the main guide rail (19) for the powder spreading to the working cylinder (9).
4. A system according to claim 3, characterized in that the main guide (19) is provided with a laser system working window (12), through which laser system working window (12) the laser system (6) enters the working cylinder (9) for laser additive manufacturing.
5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibrating screen (32) is provided with evenly distributed holes.
6. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the powder spreading mechanisms (3) is at least 2, the number of the powder guiding pipes (4) and the number of the powder storing cylinders (5) are the same as that of the powder spreading mechanisms (3), and each powder spreading mechanism (3) is connected with the corresponding powder storing cylinder (5) through the powder guiding pipe (4).
7. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that the shielding gas inlet (2) is provided at the same level as the working cylinder (9).
8. A ceramic multi-material integrated additive manufacturing forming method, comprising:
s1: inputting the three-dimensional digital model information into a forming system;
s2: the control system selects a powder spreading mechanism (3) with a corresponding number according to the three-dimensional digital model information;
s3: after receiving the data information of the image sensor-camera (31), the control system controls the selected powder spreading mechanism (3) to move from the guide rail (13) to the target position;
s4: after receiving the data information of the image sensor-camera (31), the control system controls the driving motor (1) to drive the supporting table (16) to move on the sliding rail (14) so as to reach a designated position;
s5: the control system receives data information of the image sensor-camera (31), and drives the ball screw (15) to enable the working cylinder (9) to move to a designated position;
s6: the control system calculates the powder spreading amount according to the three-dimensional digital model information, and controls the clamping plate (34) to be closed at a certain height, so that the powder in the space between the clamping plate (34) and the bottom openable support plate (33) is the raw material powder amount of the powder spreading;
s7: the control system controls the openable support plate (33) to be opened, and the raw material powder is totally poured out onto the vibrating screen (32);
s8: the control system controls the polarization mechanism (35) to work and drives the vibrating screen (32) to vibrate, raw material powder on the vibrating screen (32) is paved into the working cylinder (9) through holes on the vibrating screen (32), and powder paving in a 'face' area is completed;
s9: after the powder paving process of the primary 'surface' area is finished, the control system controls the openable support plate (33) to be closed;
s10: the control system controls the clamping plate (34) to be opened, the raw material powder of the powder bin (36) is lowered, and the powder storage cylinder (5) supplies powder to the powder bin (36) through the powder guide pipe (4);
s11: the control system judges whether all powder spreading processes of the raw material powder are finished, if not, the control system returns to the step S3, and the steps S3 to S11 are re-executed to finish the next powder spreading process until the powder spreading in the 'surface' area of the raw material powder consumption is finished; if yes, the control system controls the numbering powder spreading mechanism (3) to return to the initial position;
s12: after the powder is spread in the primary 'surface' area, a control system controls the movement of a powder pressing mechanism (8) and a working cylinder (9) according to the instruction to finish the powder pressing process;
s13: the control system controls the working cylinder (9) to move to the working area of the laser system (6) to finish one-layer laser additive manufacturing;
s14: after one layer of laser additive manufacturing is completed, the control system controls the powder suction system (18) to move on the auxiliary sliding rail (17), redundant powder in the working cylinder (9) is sucked away after the powder suction system (18) reaches the working cylinder (9), and the control system controls the powder suction system (18) to move on the auxiliary sliding rail (17) to return to a starting point;
s15: the system repeats steps S2 to S14 to finish the next layer of laser additive manufacturing until the ceramic product is finally finished.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the particle size of the raw material powder is 15 μm or less, and the external structure of the raw material powder is an arbitrary structure.
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