CN116507632A - 用于抑制fgf23活性的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本公开提供了包含FGF23的R2区的构建体。在其它实施方式中,所述构建体通过阻断FGF23与α‑Klotho的结合和经由FGFR激活的细胞信号传导而起到FGF23拮抗剂的作用。在又其它实施方式中,所述构建体阻止FGFR激活。在又其它实施方式中,本公开的构建体可用于治疗与FGF23失调和/或过表达相关的疾病或障碍,诸如但不限于磷酸盐代谢障碍。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请依照35 U.S.C.§119(e)要求2020年9月3日提交的美国临时专利申请号63/074,267的优先权,其通过引用以其整体并入本文。
序列表
2021年9月2日创建的名为“047162-7298WO1(01447)_Seq Listing_ST25”的ASCII文本文件包含41.5千字节,通过引用将其整体并入本文。
背景技术
成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)这一大家族在调节胚胎发育过程中的关键细胞过程和正常组织的稳态中具有重要作用。大多数FGF起到细胞因子或激素样蛋白的作用,通过与具有内在酪氨酸激酶活性的细胞表面受体(FGFR)结合,介导其多效性细胞过程。大多数受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)由单个配体分子激活,所述配体分子以高亲和力与其同源RTK的胞外结构域结合,解离常数在亚nM范围内。相比之下,FGF与FGFR的结合亲和力至少弱1000-10,000倍,解离常数在亚μM范围内。FGF分子的最大亚家族(命名为经典(canonical)FGF)对FGFR的弱结合亲和力被与细胞表面硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖(cell surface heparan sulphateproteoglycans,HSPG)的相互作用抵消。生化和结构研究均揭示了肝素或HSPG与FGF和FGFR两者之间的多重相互作用如何介导紧密缔合,从而实现稳固的受体二聚化和酪氨酸激酶激活。
内分泌FGF的三个成员(FGF19、FGF21和FGF23)代表了FGF分子的另一个亚家族。内分泌FGF作为循环激素发挥作用,在控制各种代谢过程中发挥重要作用。除了在所有FGF配体中都发现的保守FGF结构域外,内分泌FGF还含有独特的C-末端尾部,由46个氨基酸(FGF19)、34个氨基酸(FGF21)和89个氨基酸(FGF23)组成,充当Klotho表面受体家族两个成员的特异性且高亲和力配体。α-Klotho充当FGF23的高亲和力受体,而β-Klotho起到FGF19和FGF21两者的高亲和力表面受体的作用。游离的和配体占据的Klotho蛋白的结构分析揭示了α-Klotho和β-Klotho对内分泌FGF具有特异性和高亲和力的分子基础。Klotho蛋白作为内分泌FGF的主要受体发挥作用,而FGFR作为催化亚单位通过其酪氨酸激酶结构域介导细胞信号传导发挥作用。因此,内分泌FGF通过与Klotho蛋白和FGFR形成三元复合体来刺激其细胞反应,从而诱发受体二聚化、酪氨酸激酶激活和细胞信号传导。与普遍表达的FGFR不同,α-Klotho和β-Klotho的表达模式局限于特定的组织和器官,因此能够特异性靶向内分泌FGF,以刺激其在特定细胞和组织中的生理反应。内分泌FGF循环的能力归因于保守肝素结合位点的丢失,这些位点对于经典FGF的功能是必不可少的。
FGF23是一种32kDa糖蛋白,主要由成骨细胞和骨细胞在骨中产生,其充当关键激素,调节磷酸盐稳态、维生素D和钙代谢。生理活性FGF23的循环水平被如此调节:蛋白水解切割产生缺乏其独特C-末端尾部的FGF23分子。导致FGF23失活的切割阻止导致FGF23失活的FGF23/FGFR/α-Klotho信号传导复合体的组装。此外,FGF23的加工包括几个影响其稳定性和蛋白水解敏感性的翻译后修饰。分泌的FGF23在其C-末端切割位点被O-糖基化,以使该蛋白质免受C-末端切割。为了暴露切割位点,FGF23必须首先在此区域磷酸化。磷酸化防止糖基化并使切割位点暴露于蛋白水解。
本领域存在鉴定可用于调节(例如,抑制或刺激)α-Klotho的功能和作用以及FGF受体的活性和由内分泌FGF(诸如但不限于FGF23)激活的信号通路的组合物和方法的需要。在某些实施方式中,这些组合物和方法可用于治疗、改善和/或预防与内分泌FGF(诸如但不限于FGF23)相关的疾病(诸如但不限于代谢性疾病和/或癌症)。本发明满足了这些需求。
发明内容
在一些实施方式中,本说明书涉及但不限于以下内容:
实施方式1提供了非天然可溶性构建体,其包括与SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸212-239具有至少90%同一性的氨基酸序列或其生物活性片段。
实施方式2提供了实施方式1的构建体,其包括SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸212-239或其生物活性片段。
实施方式3提供了实施方式1-2中任一项的构建体,其包括SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸212-239。
实施方式4提供了实施方式1-3中任一项的构建体,其与稳定性增强结构域融合。
实施方式5提供了实施方式4的构建体,其中稳定性增强结构域包括白蛋白、硫氧还蛋白、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和/或抗体的Fc区中的至少一种。
实施方式6提供了实施方式5的构建体,其中Fc区是IgG Fc。
实施方式7提供了实施方式6的构建体,其中Fc区是人免疫球蛋白1(IgG1)、人免疫球蛋白2(IgG2)、人免疫球蛋白3(IgG3)和/或人免疫球蛋白4(IgG4)的Fc结构域。
实施方式8提供了实施方式4-7中任一项的构建体,其中稳定性增强结构域与多肽的N-末端融合。
实施方式9提供了实施方式4-7中任一项的构建体,其中稳定性增强结构域与多肽的C-末端融合。
实施方式10提供了实施方式4-9中任一项的构建体,其中稳定性增强结构域与多肽直接融合。
实施方式11提供了实施方式4-10中任一项的构建体,其中稳定性增强结构域通过接头(连接体,linker)与多肽融合。
实施方式12提供了实施方式11的构建体,其中接头包括约1-18个氨基酸和/或1-20个(乙二醇和/或丙二醇)单元。
实施方式13提供了实施方式11-12中任一项的构建体,其中与多肽的N-末端融合的接头的C-末端不是下列之一:APASCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:20)、PASCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:21)、ASCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:22)、SCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:23)、CSQELP(SEQ ID NO:24)、SQELP(SEQID NO:25)、QELP(SEQ ID NO:26)、ELP、LP、P。
实施方式14提供了实施方式11-12中任一项的构建体,其中与多肽的C-末端融合的接头的N-末端不是下列之一:GPEGCRPFAKF(SEQ ID NO:27)、GPEGCRPFAK(SEQ ID NO:28)、GPEGCRPFA(SEQ ID NO:29)、GPEGCRPF(SEQ ID NO:30)、GPEGCRP(SEQ ID NO:31)、GPEGCR(SEQ ID NO:32)、GPEGC(SEQ ID NO:33)GPEG(SEQ ID NO:34)、GPE、GP、G。
实施方式15提供了实施方式1-14中任一项的构建体,其是聚乙二醇化的、至少部分甲基化的和/或C-末端酰胺化的。
实施方式16提供了核酸序列,其编码实施方式1-15中任一项的构建体。
实施方式17提供了载体,其包括实施方式16的核酸序列。
实施方式18提供了实施方式17的载体,其是表达载体。
实施方式19提供了实施方式17-18中任一项的载体,其是自主复制型或整合型哺乳动物细胞载体。
实施方式20提供了细胞、多个细胞或多种细胞,其包含实施方式16的核酸或实施方式17-19中任一项的载体。
实施方式21提供了治疗、改善和/或预防哺乳动物中的内分泌FGF相关疾病或障碍的方法,方法包括向哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的实施方式1-15中任一项的构建体。
实施方式22提供了实施方式21的方法,其中构建体防止或最小化FGF23与α-Klotho在哺乳动物的细胞的表面上的结合。
实施方式23提供了实施方式21-22中任一项的方法,其中疾病或障碍包括低磷酸盐血症(低磷血症,hypophosphatemia)和/或肿瘤诱发的骨软化。
实施方式24提供了实施方式21-23中任一项的方法,其中哺乳动物是人。
实施方式25提供了实施方式21-24中任一项的方法,其中构建体通过选自下列的施用途径施用:吸入、口服、直肠、阴道、肠胃外、颅内、局部、经皮、肺、鼻内、颊、眼、鞘内和静脉内。
实施方式26提供了实施方式21-24中任一项的方法,其中实施方式1-15中任一项的构建体或其前体被递送到经编码的载体上,其中载体编码构建体或其前体,并且在向对象施用载体后,构建体从载体转录和翻译。
实施方式27提供了实施方式21-26中任一项的方法,其中哺乳动物还被施用至少一种治疗或预防疾病和/或障碍的另外的药物。
实施方式28提供了实施方式27的方法,其中构建体和至少一种另外的药物被共同施用。
实施方式29提供了实施方式27-28中任一项的方法,其中构建体和至少一种另外的药物被共同配制。
附图说明
出于说明本发明的目的,在附图中描绘了本发明的某些实施方式。然而,本发明不限于附图中描绘的实施方式的精确布置和手段。
图1A-1D图示了FGF23的C-末端尾部包含两个特异性结合α-Klotho的不同区域的发现。图1A:FGF19、FGF21、FGF23和FGF1的示意性表示。信号肽(SP)为第一段,FGFR结合结构域为第二段,FGF19和FGF23的C-末端尾部的βKlotho结合区域为最后一段,而FGF23的C-末端尾部的串联重复序列分别标记为R1和R2。图1B:人FGF19和FGF21的C-末端尾部与人FGF23C-末端尾部的第一(R1)和第二(R2)重复序列的序列比对和比较。FGF19、FGF21和FGF23的DPL基序——对结合α-和β-Klotho的D1至关重要——是左侧突出显示的残基,而FGF19和FGF21中的SPS糖模拟基序——对结合β-Klotho的D2中的假底物结合口袋至关重要——是右侧突出显示的段。图1C:代表性BLI传感图(sensorgrams),图示了FGF23的C-末端尾部的GST融合物(fusion)(GST-FL)、R1(GST-R1)和R2(GST-R2)与sKLA的结合。使用包被有抗GST抗体的生物传感器捕获GST融合的FGF23肽片段并浸入含有一系列浓度的sKLA(6.25、12.5、25、50、100和200nM)的溶液中。传感图采用1:1的配体:受体结合模型拟合来计算解离常数和动力学参数。图1D:BLI测量的动力学参数和解离常数的汇总。数据以3个独立实验的平均值±S.D.表示。
图2A-2H图示了FGF23-WT和具有R1或R2的FGF23变体诱发相似的细胞反应的发现。图2A:用于细胞刺激的FGF23变体的C-末端尾部的示意性表示。R1和R2被标记。FGF23 C-尾部的R1和/或R2的突变——消除与α-Klotho的结合——被标示。图2B-2H:FGF23-WT或FGF23变体诱发的FRS2α的酪氨酸磷酸化和MAPK反应的比较。稳定表达FGFR1c连同α-Klotho的HEK293细胞在37℃下不受刺激到或受到浓度增加(如所示)的FGF23或FGF23变体刺激10分钟。将细胞裂解物进行SDS-PAGE,并通过分别用针对pFRS2、pMAPK的抗体和用抗MAPK抗体作为对照进行免疫印迹来分析FRS2α的酪氨酸磷酸化和MAPK激活。
图3A-3H图示了当用Fc-R2处理细胞或用Fc-FL或Fc-R1处理细胞时发生对FGF23诱发的细胞刺激的类似抑制的发现;此外,FGF23 C-尾部中侧接R2的半胱氨酸残基形成分子内二硫桥。图3A-3B:Fc-FL、Fc-R1或Fc-R2的还原(R)或非还原(NR)条件下的示意性表示(图3A)和SDS-PAGE分析(图3B)。标记了Fc部分、R1和R2。图3C-3E:将稳定表达FGFR1c和α-Klotho的HEK 293细胞与浓度增加(如所示)的Fc-FGF23全长尾部(Fc-FL)、Fc-R1或Fc-R2在37℃下孵育45分钟。然后用FGF23-WT再刺激细胞10分钟并使细胞裂解物进行SDS-PAGE,并通过用抗pMAPK抗体免疫印迹分析MAPK刺激。使用抗FGFR1和抗MAPK抗体作为蛋白加载的对照。图3F:FGF23-WT和FGF23-CS的C-末端尾部的示意性表示。显示了R1和R2。突出显示了半胱氨酸残基(C)和丝氨酸残基(S)。图3G:还原条件(R)和非还原条件(NR)下大肠杆菌(E.coli)中表达的FGF23-WT和FGF23-CS突变体的SDS-PAGE分析。FGF23-WT和FGF23-CS如本文其它部分所述进行表达和纯化。在还原条件和非还原条件下,FGF23-CS在SDS-PAGE上均迁移为单条带,而在非还原条件下,FGF23-WT迁移为两个不同的条带(用两个星号标记)。从凝胶中切下两种蛋白并进行质谱分析。图3H:还原条件(R)和非还原条件(NR)下Expi293F细胞中表达的FGF23-WT或FGF23-CS突变体的SDS-PAGE分析。与大肠杆菌产生的FGF23不同,哺乳动物产生的FGF23是O-连接糖基化的。在还原条件(R)下,上面的条带(左上星号)和下面的条带(左上星号)分别呈现FGF23的O-连接糖基化形式和非糖基化或糖基化差(糖基化不充分,poorly glycosylated)的形式(另见图7B)。在非还原条件(NR)下,由于分子内二硫桥的形成,糖基化(右上星号)和非糖基化FGF23(右下星号)SDS-PAGE上的迁移均快于还原蛋白。还原条件和非还原条件两者下FGF23-WT或FGF23-CS(在Expi293F细胞中表达)在SDS-PAGE上的迁移相似,上面的条带和下面的条带分别代表配体的O-连接糖基化和非糖基化形式。
图4A-4F图示了FGF23-WT同时与细胞膜上表达的两个αKlotho分子结合的发现。图4A:稳定表达α-Klotho-FGFR1c嵌合受体的L6细胞在37℃下不受到刺激或受到Expi293F细胞中表达的FGF23-WT或FGF23-R1(左图)或大肠杆菌中表达的FGF23-WT和FGF23-R1(右图)、Nb85-Fc融合(左图)或Fc-R1(右图)刺激10分钟。对不受到刺激的细胞或配体刺激的细胞的细胞裂解物进行SDS-PAGE,并通过分别使用抗pFRS2抗体和抗pMAPK抗体且以抗MAPK抗体作为对照进行免疫印迹来分析FRS2α磷酸化和MAPK的激活。图4B:由TIRFM成像的活L6细胞表面上的单HaloTag-α-Klotho颗粒的放大图。α-Klotho胞外侧的HaloTag用不透细胞的Alexa488 HaloTag配体标记。颗粒密度为0.21个颗粒/μm2。显示了10Hz的记录开始时的单帧(100ms曝光)。比例尺,5μm。图4C:10s的记录期间对移动的HaloTag-α-Klotho颗粒的自动检测和跟踪。按照材料和方法中的描述进行单颗粒跟踪。插图,放大倍数更高。图4D:HaloTag-α-Klotho颗粒的代表性一步式光漂白。利用局部背景扣除(使用内外径分别为0.55μm、1.1μm的同心环形区域)测量HaloTag-α-Klotho颗粒周围0.55μm直径区域内的平均荧光强度并相对于时间绘图。注意,漂白前颗粒的强度是相似的(用水平线突出显示)。图4E:HaloTag-α-Klotho在未受刺激(上图)或受到FGF23-WT刺激(下图)约10min的细胞中的代表性强度分布。在未受到刺激和受到刺激条件下,颗粒密度分别为0.26和0.05个颗粒/μm2。强度表示颗粒荧光的2D高斯拟合下的体积。从各个记录的开始(3帧)获取强度并用混合高斯模型拟合其分布。黑色虚线,混合拟合。实线,个体组分。图4F:HaloTag-α-Klotho颗粒的扩散系数——由其在未受到刺激的细胞(18个细胞,5次转染)和受到FGF23-WT(16个细胞,4次转染)、FGF23-R1(14个细胞,3次转染)、FGF23-R2(16个细胞,3次转染)和Nb85-Fc(16个细胞,3次转染)刺激的细胞中的均方位移计算得出。误差棒指示通过t检验得到的平均值±SE,***P<0.0001。
图5A图示了来自各种哺乳动物物种(智人(H.Sapiens)(人),SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸残基180-251;猕猴(M.mulatta)(恒河猴),SEQ ID NO:8;马(E.caballus)(马),SEQ IDNO:9;非洲象(L.africana)(象),SEQ ID NO:10;牛(B.Taurus)(牛),SEQ ID NO:11;中华田园犬(C.lupus familiaris)(狗),SEQ ID NO:12;小家鼠(M.musculus)(小鼠),SEQ ID NO:13;褐家鼠(R.norvegicus)(大鼠),SEQ ID NO:14;黄金仓鼠(M.auratus)(仓鼠),SEQ IDNO:15;红原鸡(G.gallus)(鸡),SEQ ID NO:16;密西西比鳄(A.mississippiensis)(短吻鳄),SEQ ID NO:17;非洲爪蟾(X.laevis)(蛙),SEQ ID NO:18;斑马鱼(D.rerio)(斑马鱼),SEQ ID NO:19)的FGF23的C-末端尾部的氨基酸序列比对。重复序列1(R1)和重复序列2(R2)被标记,并且保守的半胱氨酸残基被突出显示。还突出显示了对Klotho结合重要的保守DPL基序。图5B图示了来自其它脊椎动物物种的FGF23的C-末端尾部的氨基酸序列比对。在除哺乳动物以外的脊椎动物中,DPL基序中只有两个氨基酸(DP)是保守的,并且它们被突出显示。
图6图示了GST-FL、GST-R1、GST-R2和GST的SDS-PAGE分析。
图7A图示了直接鉴定大肠杆菌中表达的含有Cys206-Cys244二硫键的FGF23的消化片段的MS/MS片段化谱(fragmentation spectrum)。突出显示了与形成二硫键连接肽的两种肽的相应片段离子对应的b和y离子谱图(mapping)。图7B图示了PRM测量所呈现的各种FGF23样品中桥接与非桥接Cys206和Cys244的相对量。用Skyline可视化对高分辨率的独特MS2离子(不同踪迹)进行手动检查。
图8A图示了直接鉴定Expi293F细胞中表达的含有Cys206-Cys244二硫键的FGF23(mFGF23-WT)的片段的MS/MS片段化谱。突出显示了与形成二硫键连接肽的两种肽的相应片段离子对应的b和y离子谱图。图8B图示了用O-糖苷酶和α-(2→3,6,8,9)-神经氨酸酶处理的经纯化的mFGF23-WT、mFGF23-CS(C206S/C244S突变体)和mFGF23-R1(缺少C-末端残基C206-I251的变体)的SDS-PAGE。所有FGF23变体均在Expi293细胞中表达。
图9图示了FGF23-WT和FGF23-CS的SDS-PAGE分析,其从Expi293细胞表达和纯化,用所示的各种蛋白酶进行有限的蛋白酶消化。
图10A-10D图示了FGF23-WT和FGF23-CS以相似的亲和力结合α-Klotho并以相似的程度激活细胞信号传导的发现。图10A:FGF23-WT、FGF23-CS、FGF23 D188A和FGF23-CSD188A与sKLA结合的BLI传感图。使用包被有抗小鼠Fc抗体的生物传感器固定抗Flag抗体,然后捕获Flag标记的FGF23-WT或FGF23-CS。然后将生物传感器浸入含有一系列浓度的sKLA(200、100、50、25、12.5和6.25nM)的溶液中。得到的传感图用1:1的配体:受体结合模型拟合来计算动力学参数和解离常数。图10B-10C:在37℃下,稳定表达FGFR1c连同α-Klotho的HEK293细胞不受到刺激或如所示受到浓度增加的FGF23-WT或FGF23-CS突变体刺激10分钟。将细胞裂解物进行SDS-PAGE,并分别用抗FGFR1-pS、抗pFRS2和抗-pMAPK抗体且以抗MAPK作为对照进行免疫印迹来分析FGFR1的丝氨酸磷酸化、FRS2的酪氨酸磷酸化和MAPK激活。图10D:描绘FGF23的与α-Klotho结合的C-末端尾部的二价性的示意图。
图11A-11C图示了通过TIRFM对游离Alexa488 HaloTag配体的单分子的非限制性检测。图11A:Alexa 488HaloTag配体在玻璃上成斑(spotted)的TIRFM图像。比例尺,2.5μm。图11B:Alexa 488HaloTag配体颗粒的代表性一步式光漂白。利用局部背景扣除(使用同心环)测量颗粒周围0.55μm直径区域内的平均荧光强度并相对于时间绘图。注意,漂白前后三个示例的强度是相似的(水平线)。图11C:Alexa 488HaloTag配体颗粒的强度分布。该分布最适合用单一高斯(实线曲线)拟合。对于强度分布分析,通过用2D高斯函数拟合颗粒的荧光并取拟合下的体积来计算强度。
图12图示了与可逆二聚体形成相容的HaloTag-α-Klotho颗粒的个体踪迹的强度变化的示例。箭头突出显示颗粒强度突然加倍。基于颗粒的强度分布,起始强度可能对应于单个分子的强度(图4E)。
图13图示了HaloTag-α-Klotho颗粒瞬时合并的非限制性示例。连续帧的图像序列显示两个单体(箭头)朝彼此扩散,合并,然后解离回到单体。颜色查找表(底部)。
具体实施方式
FGF23是一种作为肾Pi排泄的重要生理调节剂起作用的骨源性激素。过表达FGF23的转基因小鼠会发展低磷酸盐血症,而FGF23敲除小鼠会发展高磷酸盐血症,其可通过全身注射人FGF23来逆转。
重要的是,FGF23的这些体内作用需要α-Klotho的存在。向α-Klotho-敲除小鼠或FGF23/α-Klotho-双敲除小鼠中注射FGF23不影响血清磷酸盐水平。像其它内分泌FGF一样,FGF23展现对FGFR的同工型特异性——其结合并激活FGFR1和FGFR3的IIIc同工型以及仅展现单一同工型的FGFR4。
FGF23与涉及磷酸盐代谢的调节异常的许多人类疾病相关。X连锁低磷酸盐血症(XLH)是遗传性障碍,其中PHEX(与位于X染色体上的内肽酶具有同源性的磷酸盐调控基因)含有失功能突变,并且此突变的结果是循环FGF23的升高。相似地,在分别携带DMP-1或ENPP-1突变的常染色体隐性低磷酸盐血症佝偻病1(ARHR1)或常染色体隐性低磷酸盐血症佝偻病2(ARHR2)患者中观察到FGF23的水平增加。在常染色体显性低磷酸盐血症佝偻病(ADHR)中,FGF23中的获得功能突变(诸如但不限于R176Q和/或R179Q)防止在这些位点处的天然蛋白水解切割产生FGF23的两个无活性片段。不希望受到任何理论限制,这种切割可表示下调的机制。产生高水平FGF23的携带癌症的肿瘤导致肿瘤诱发的骨软化(TIO),其可通过手术去除分泌高FGF23水平的肿瘤来逆转。虽然在患有上述障碍的患者中观察到FGF23的活性增加,但在高磷酸盐血症家族性瘤样钙质沉着症(HFTC)的患者中也已发现了FGF23的活性降低。HFTC患者中也发现了KLA中的纯合失功能突变H193R。
本公开部分地涉及这一发现:FGF23的C-末端尾部包含两个串联重复序列,其各自以高亲和力与α-Klotho结合。这与FGF19和FGF21有所不同,FGF19和FGF21的C-末端尾部含有与β-Klotho结合的单位点。含有这两个重复序列中每一个或两个重复序列的工程化FGF23变体特异性结合α-Klotho并以相似的程度刺激细胞信号传导。此外,本研究显示,在哺乳动物细胞分泌的FGF23中,侧接第二个C-末端重复序列的两个半胱氨酸残基形成二硫桥。然而,氧化或还原形式的FGF23都表现出相似的α-Klotho结合特性和相似的细胞刺激活性。此外,FGF23 WT在表达嵌合α-Klotho-FGFR蛋白的细胞中诱发MAPK激活,并且细胞表面上的个体α-Klotho分子的TIRFM成像证明了FGF23具有同时结合两个α-Klotho分子的能力。这些洞察揭示了FGF23调控的复杂性及其在组装FGF23/FGFR/α-Klotho信号传导复合体中的角色。
在某些实施方式中,本发明提供了包含FGF23的R2区(SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸212-239)的构建体。在其它实施方式中,构建体通过阻断FGF23与α-Klotho的结合和经由FGFR激活的细胞信号传导而作为FGF23拮抗剂起作用。在又其它实施方式中,构建体阻止FGFR激活。在又其它实施方式中,本公开的构建体可用于治疗与FGF23失调和/或过表达相关的疾病或障碍,诸如但不限于磷酸盐代谢障碍。本发明还提供了治疗、改善和/或预防有需要的哺乳动物中的内分泌FGF相关疾病或障碍的方法。
定义
如本文所用,以下每个术语都具有在本节中与其相关的含义。除非另有定义,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语通常都具有与本公开所属领域普通技术人员一般所理解的相同含义。总体上,本文所用的命名法和动物药理学、药物科学、分离科学和有机化学中的实验室程序是本领域中公知和常用的那些。应当理解,步骤的顺序或执行某些动作的顺序是无关紧要的,只要本教导仍可操作即可。任何章节标题的使用都是为了帮助阅读本文件而不应理解成是限制;与章节标题相关的信息可能出现在该特定章节之内或之外。本文件中提及的所有出版物、专利和专利文件均通过引用以其整体并入本文,就如同通过引用单独并入一样。
在本申请中,在元素或组分被认为包括在所叙述的元素或组分的列举中和/或选自所叙述的元素或组分的列举的情况下,应当理解,该元素或组分可以是所叙述的元素或组分中的任何一个,并且可以选自所叙述的元素或组分中的两个或更多个。
在本文所述的方法中,可以以任何顺序执行动作,除非明确地叙述了时间或操作序列。此外,可以同时执行指定的动作,除非明确的权利要求语言叙述了它们是分开执行的。例如,可以在单个操作中同时执行所要求保护的进行X的动作和所要求保护的进行Y的动作,并且所得的方法将落入所要求保护的方法的字面范围内。
在本文件中,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则术语“一个(a)”、“一种(an)”或“该/所述(the)”用于包括一个或多个。除非另有说明,否则术语“或(or)”用于指代非排他性的“或”。陈述“A和B中的至少一个”或“A或B中的至少一个”与“A、B或A和B”具有相同的含义。
如本文所用,术语“约”将被本领域普通技术人员理解并将在使用其的上下文中在一定程度上变化。如本文所用,当是指可测量值如量、时距等时,术语“约”意在涵盖与指定值的±20%或±10%、±5%、±1%或±0.1%的变化,因为这种变化适于执行所公开的方法。
如本文所用,术语“ALB”或“白蛋白”是指血清白蛋白蛋白质。在某些实施方式中,白蛋白指人血清白蛋白。其它白蛋白如牛血清白蛋白、马血清白蛋白和猪血清白蛋白的使用,也是本发明范围内考虑到的。
如本文所用,术语“α-Klotho”或“KLA”是指SEQ ID NO:1的氨基序列的蛋白质(UniProtKB:Q9UEF7):
如本文所用,术语“β-Klotho”或“KLB”是指SEQ ID NO:2的氨基序列的蛋白质(UniProtKB:Q86Z14):
本文所用术语“施用器(applicator)”是指用于施用本发明化合物和组合物的任何装置,包括但不限于皮下注射器、移液管等。
基因的“编码区”由基因编码链的核苷酸残基和分别与通过基因转录而产生的mRNA分子的编码区同源或互补的基因非编码链的核苷酸组成。mRNA分子的“编码区”还由在mRNA分子的翻译期间与转运RNA分子的反密码子区配对的mRNA分子或编码终止密码子的mRNA分子的核苷酸残基组成。因此,编码区可包括与成熟蛋白质中不存在的由mRNA分子编码的氨基酸残基(例如,蛋白质输出信号序列中的氨基酸残基)对应的核苷酸残基。
“组成型”启动子是这样的核苷酸序列,当其与编码或指定基因产物的多核苷酸可操作地连接时,导致该基因产物在细胞的大多数或全部生理条件下在细胞中产生。
如本文所用,“疾病”是动物的健康状态,其中动物不能维持稳态,并且其中如果该疾病未得到改善,则该动物的健康继续恶化。
如本文所用,动物中的“障碍”是一种健康状态,其中动物能够维持稳态,但其中动物的健康状态比其不存在障碍时更不利。如果不治疗,障碍不一定引起动物的健康状态进一步下降。
如本文所用,术语化合物的“有效量”或“治疗有效量”或“药物有效量”可互换使用,是指足以对施用该化合物的对象提供有益效果的化合物的量。
如本文所用,“编码”是指多核苷酸如基因、cDNA或mRNA中核苷酸的特定序列充当模板用于在具有确定的核苷酸序列(即,rRNA、tRNA和mRNA)或确定的氨基酸序列的生物过程中合成其它多聚体和大分子的固有性质,以及由此产生的生物学性质。因此,如果对应于基因的mRNA的转录和翻译在细胞或其它生物系统中产生蛋白质,则该基因编码蛋白质。编码链,即与mRNA序列相同且通常在序列表中提供的核苷酸序列,和非编码链,即用作基因或cDNA的转录模板,这两者都可被称为编码蛋白质或该基因或cDNA的其它产物。
如本文所用,“内源”是指来自有机体、细胞、组织或系统内部或在其内部产生的任何材料。如本文所用,术语“外源”是指从有机体、细胞、组织或系统的外部引入或从其外部产生的任何材料。
如本文所用的术语“表达”被定义为由其启动子驱动的特定核苷酸序列的转录和/或翻译。
“表达载体”是指包含重组多核苷酸的载体,其包含可操作地连接到待表达的核苷酸序列的表达控制序列。表达载体包含足够的顺式作用元件用于表达;用于表达的其它元件可由宿主细胞或在体外表达系统中提供。表达载体包括本领域中已知的所有载体,诸如并入重组多核苷酸的黏粒、质粒(例如,裸的或含在脂质体中的)和病毒(例如,慢病毒、逆转录病毒、腺病毒和腺相关病毒)。
如本文使用,术语“Fc”是指人IgG(免疫球蛋白)的Fc结构域。考虑了将IgG的亚型如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4用作Fc结构域。
如本文所用,“Fc区”是IgG分子的一部分,其与通过木瓜蛋白酶消化IgG分子获得的可结晶片段相关。Fc区包含通过二硫键连接的IgG分子的两条重链的C-末端一半。它没有抗原结合活性,但包含碳水化合物部分以及补体和Fc受体(包括FcRn受体)的结合位点。Fc片段包含整个第二恒定结构域CH2(根据Kabat编号系统,是人IgG1的残基231-340)和第三恒定结构域CH3(残基341-447)。术语“IgG铰链-Fc区”或“铰链-Fc片段”是指由Fc区(残基231-447)和从Fc区的N-末端延伸的铰链区(残基216-230)组成的IgG分子区域。术语“恒定结构域”是指免疫球蛋白分子的一部分,其相对于该免疫球蛋白的其它部分,即含有抗原结合位点的可变结构域,具有更保守的氨基酸序列。恒定结构域包含重链的CH1、CH2和CH3结构域以及轻链的CHL结构域。
如本文所用,术语“FcRn受体”是指新生儿Fc受体(FcRn),也称为Brambell受体,它是人体内由FCGRT基因编码的蛋白质。FcRn特异性结合抗体的Fc结构域。FcRn通过减少内皮细胞中的溶酶体降解来延长IgG和血清白蛋白的半衰期。IgG、血清白蛋白和其它血清蛋白质通过胞饮作用持续内在化。通常,血清蛋白质从内体运输到溶酶体,在那里其被降解。FcRn介导的IgG跨上皮细胞的转胞吞作用是可能的,这是因为FcRn在酸性pH(<6.5)下结合IgG,但在中性或更高pH下不结合。IgG和血清白蛋白在弱酸性pH(<6.5)下由FcRn结合,并循环到细胞表面,在那里其在血液的中性pH(>7.0)下被释放。以此方式,IgG和血清白蛋白避免溶酶体降解。
IgG分子的Fc部分位于重链的恒定区,尤其是在CH2结构域中。Fc区结合Fc受体(FcRn),Fc受体是B细胞的表面受体,也是补体系统的蛋白质。IgG分子的Fc区与FcRn的结合激活了携带受体的细胞,从而激活了免疫系统。已经鉴定了对小鼠Fc-小鼠FcRn和人Fc-人FcRn相互作用至关重要的Fc残基(Dall'Acqua et al.,2002,J.Immunol.169(9):5171-80)。FcRn结合结构域包括IgG分子的CH2结构域(或其FcRn结合部分)。
如本文所用,术语“片段”应用于核酸时是指较大核酸的子序列。核酸的“片段”可以是至少约5、10、15、50-100、100-500、500-1000、1000-1500个核苷酸、1500-2500或2500个核苷酸(及其之间的任意整数值)。如本文所用,术语“片段”应用于蛋白质或肽时是指较大蛋白质或肽的子序列,且长度可以至少为约5、10、20、50、100、200、300或400个氨基酸(及其之间的任意整数值)。
如本文所用,术语“FGF19”是指SEQ ID NO:3的氨基酸序列的多肽(UniProtKB:O95750):
如本文所用,术语“FGF21”是指SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列的多肽(UniProtKB:Q9NSA1):
如本文所用,术语“FGF23”是指SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸序列的多肽(UniProtKB:Q9GZV9):
在某些实施方式中,SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸残基1-24对应于FGF23的信号肽。在某些实施方式中,SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸残基25-162对应于FGF23的FGF结构域。在某些实施方式中,SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸残基180-205对应于FGF23的R1区。在某些实施方式中,SEQ IDNO:5的氨基酸残基212-239对应于FGF23的R2区。
“基因转移”和“基因递送”是指将具体核酸序列可靠地插入所靶向细胞的方法或系统。
如本文所用,本公开内考虑到的用于构建体的术语“体内半衰期”是指从动物的循环和/或其它组织清除动物体内施用量一半所需的时间。当作为时间的函数来构建构建体的清除率曲线时,该曲线通常是两相的,其具有极速的α相(这表示所施用的分子在血管内空间和血管外空间之间的平衡,并且部分地取决于分子的大小)和更长的β相(其表示分子在血管内空间的分解代谢)。在某些实施方式中,术语“体内半衰期”实际上对应于β相中分子的半衰期。
如本文所用的“同源”是指两个聚合分子之间——例如,两个核酸分子如两个DNA分子或两个RNA分子之间,或两个多肽分子之间——的亚基序列同一性。当两个分子的亚基位置均被相同单体亚基占据时;例如,如果两个DNA分子中每个的一个位置被腺嘌呤占据,则它们在该位置是同源的。两个序列之间的同源性是配对或同源位置的数目的直接函数;例如,如果两个序列中一半的位置(例如,长度为10个亚基的多聚体中的5个位置)是同源的,则两个序列是50%同源的;如果90%的位置(例如,10个中的9个)是配对或同源的,则两个序列是90%同源的。举例来说,DNA序列5'-ATTGCC-3'和5'-TATGGC-3'共有50%同源性。
如本文所用,术语“免疫球蛋白”或“Ig”被定义为一类起抗体作用的蛋白质。此类蛋白质中包含的5个成员是IgA、IgG、IgM、IgD和IgE。IgA是存在于身体分泌物如唾液、眼泪、母乳、胃肠分泌物和呼吸道和生殖泌尿道(genitor-urinary tracts)的黏液分泌物中的主要抗体。IgG是最常见的循环抗体。IgM是在大多数哺乳动物中的初次免疫应答中产生的主要免疫球蛋白。其是凝集、补体激活和其它抗体应答中最有效的免疫球蛋白,并且在防御细菌和病毒中是重要的。IgD是没有已知抗体功能的免疫球蛋白,但可充当抗原受体。IgE是通过在暴露于过敏原时引起介体从肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞释放而介导即发型超敏反应的免疫球蛋白。
“诱导型”启动子是这样的核苷酸序列,当其与编码或指定基因产物的多核苷酸可操作地连接时,基本上仅当对应于启动子的诱导物存在于细胞中时,才使基因产物在细胞中产生。
如本文所用,术语“抑制”和“拮抗”意指将分子、反应、相互作用、基因、mRNA和/或蛋白质的表达、稳定性、功能或活性降低可测量的量或完全阻止。抑制剂是例如结合以部分或完全阻断刺激、减少、防止、延迟激活、钝化、脱敏或下调节蛋白质、基因和mRNA的稳定性、表达、功能和活性的化合物,例如,拮抗剂。
如本文所用的术语“使用说明材料(指导材料,instructional material)”包括出版物、记录、图表或可用于传达试剂盒中的本发明组合物和/或化合物的有用性的任何其它表达媒介。例如,试剂盒的使用说明材料可以是贴在容纳本发明化合物和/或组合物的容器或与容纳该化合物和/或组合物的容器一起运输。可选地,使用说明材料可与容器分开运输,意图是接收者配合地利用使用说明材料和化合物。例如,使用说明材料的递送可以是通过出版物或传达试剂盒的有用性的其它表达媒介的实物交付,或者可以可选地通过例如依靠计算机的电子传输如通过电子邮件或从网站下载来实现。
“分离的”意指从天然状态改变或移除。例如,天然存在于活体动物中的核酸或肽不是“分离的”,但从其天然状态的共存材料部分或完全分离的同一核酸或肽是“分离的”。分离的核酸或蛋白质可以以基本上纯化的形式存在,或可在非天然(non-native)环境诸如,例如宿主细胞中存在。
“分离的核酸”是指已经从以天然存在状态位于其侧翼的序列分离的核酸区段或片段,即,已经从与片段正常相邻的序列(即,与其天然存在的基因组中的片段相邻的序列)移除的DNA片段。该术语也适用于已经基本上从天然伴随核酸的其它组分(即,与其在细胞中天然伴随的RNA或DNA或蛋白质)纯化的核酸。因此,该术语包括,例如,并入到载体中、并入到自主复制质粒或病毒中或者并入到原核生物或真核生物的基因组DNA中的重组DNA,或者作为独立于其它序列的分离分子(即,作为通过PCR或限制酶消化而产生的cDNA或基因组或cDNA片段)存在的重组DNA。还包括作为编码另外的多肽序列的杂合基因的一部分的重组DNA。
如本文所用,术语“调节”意味着是指生物状态的任何变化,即增加、减少等。例如,术语“调节”可解释为是指正调控或负调控靶蛋白的表达、稳定性或活性的能力,包括但不限于靶蛋白mRNA的转录、靶蛋白mRNA的稳定性、靶蛋白mRNA的翻译、靶蛋白稳定性、靶蛋白翻译后修饰、靶蛋白活性,或其任意组合。此外,术语调节可用于指活性——包括但不限于,靶蛋白活性——的增加、减少、掩蔽、改变、覆盖(overriding)或恢复。
如应用于物体的“天然存在的”是指物体可在自然界中找到的事实。例如,存在于有机体(包括病毒)中,可从自然界中的来源分离且未被人有意修饰的多肽或多核苷酸序列是天然存在的序列。
除非另有指定,否则“编码氨基酸序列的核苷酸序列”包括彼此为简并形式并且编码同一氨基酸序列的所有核苷酸序列。编码蛋白质或RNA的短语核苷酸序列在还可包括内含子,某种程度上编码蛋白质的核苷酸序列可以以某些形式含有内含子(一个或多个)。
术语“可操作地连接”是指调节序列和异源核酸序列之间的功能性连接,导致后者的表达。例如,当第一核酸序列与第二核酸序列处于功能关系时,第一核酸序列与第二核酸序列可操作地连接。例如,如果启动子影响编码序列的转录或表达,则启动子与编码序列可操作地连接。通常,可操作地连接的DNA序列是邻近的,且在必要的情况下将两个蛋白质编码区连接在同一阅读框中。
组合物的“肠胃外”施用包括,例如,皮下(s.c.)、静脉内(i.v.)、肌肉内(i.m.)或胸骨内注射或输注技术。
如本文所用,术语“药物组合物”是指至少一种本发明内有用的化合物与其它化学组分如运载体、稳定剂、稀释剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、增稠剂和/或赋形剂的混合物。药物组合物促进化合物向有机体施用。本领域中存在的多种施用化合物的技术包括,但不限于:静脉内、口服、气雾剂、肠胃外、眼、肺、颅内和局部施用。
如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的”是指不消除组合物的生物活性或性质并且是相对无毒的材料,如运载体或稀释剂,即,可向个体施用而不引起不期望的生物学效果或以有害的方式与其中其含有的组合物的任何组分相互作用的材料。
“药学上可接受的载体”包括涉及本发明的化合物(一个或多个)在对象内运载或运输或运载或运输至对象的药学上可接受的盐、药学上可接受的材料、组合物或载体,如液体或固体填料、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶剂或包封材料,使得其可执行其预期功能。一般地,这些化合物从一个器官或身体的部分被运载或运输至另一器官或身体的部分。每种盐或载体在与制剂的其它成分相容的意义上讲必须是“可接受的”,并且对对象不是有害的。可充当药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些示例包括:糖,如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉,如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素及其衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素钠,乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素;粉状西黄蓍胶;麦芽;明胶;滑石;赋形剂,如可可豆油和栓剂蜡;油,如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油;二醇,如丙二醇;多元醇,如甘油、山梨醇、甘露醇和聚乙二醇;酯,如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂,如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;褐藻酸;无热原水;等渗盐水;林格溶液;乙醇;磷酸盐缓冲溶液;稀释剂;成粒剂;润滑剂;黏合剂;崩解剂;润湿剂;乳化剂;着色剂;释放剂;涂层剂;甜味剂;调味剂;加香剂(perfuming agent);防腐剂;抗氧化剂;增塑剂;凝胶剂;增稠剂;硬化剂;定型剂(setting agent);悬浮剂;表面活性剂;吸湿剂;运载体;稳定剂;和药物制剂中使用的其它无毒的相容物质,或其任意组合。如本文所用,“药学上可接受的载体”还包括与化合物的活性相容并且是对对象生理上可接受的任何和所有包衣、抗细菌和抗真菌剂以及吸收延迟剂等。补充活性化合物也可被并入到组合物中。
如本文所用,语言“药学上可接受的盐”是指从药学上可接受的无毒酸——包括无机酸、有机酸、其溶剂化物、水合物或笼形物——制备的所施用化合物的盐。合适的药学上可接受的酸加成盐可从无机酸或从有机酸制备得到。
“多肽”是指由氨基酸残基组成的多聚体、相关的天然存在的结构变体以及经由肽键连接的其合成的非天然存在的类似物。合成的多肽可例如使用自动多肽合成仪合成。术语“蛋白质”一般是指大的多肽。术语“肽”一般是指短的多肽。
本文使用常规符号来描述多肽序列:多肽序列的左端是氨基末端;多肽序列的右端是羧基末端。如本文所用,“拟肽(peptidomimetic)”是含有非肽结构元件的化合物,其能够模仿亲本肽的生物学作用。拟肽可以包含,也可以不包含肽键。
如本文所用,术语“预防(prevent或prevention)”意指如果没有发生则无障碍或疾病发展,或者如果已经有障碍或疾病的发展,则无进一步的障碍或疾病发展。还考虑个体(one)预防与障碍或疾病相关的一些或全部症状的能力。疾病和障碍在本文可互换使用。
如本文所用,术语“启动子”被定义为被细胞的合成机器或导入的合成机器识别的DNA序列,其需要启动多核苷酸序列的特异性转录。
如本文所用,术语“启动子/调控序列”是指表达与启动子/调控序列可操作连接的基因产物所需的核酸序列。在一些情况下,此序列可以是核心启动子序列,而在其它情况下,此序列还可以包括增强子序列和基因产物表达所需的其它调控元件。启动子/调控序列可以例如是以组织特异性方式表达基因产物的序列。
如本文所用,术语“重组DNA”被定义为通过连接来自不同来源的DNA段而产生的DNA。如本文所用,术语“重组多肽”被定义为通过使用重组DNA方法产生的多肽。
如本文使用的术语“RNA”被定义为核糖核酸。
本文所用的术语“特异性结合”或“特异性结合”是指第一分子(例如,抗体)优先结合第二分子(例如,特定的抗原表位),但不一定只结合该第二分子。
如本文所用,“对象”是指人或非人哺乳动物。非人哺乳动物包括,例如,家畜和宠物,如绵羊、牛、猪、犬、猫和鼠哺乳动物。在某些实施方式中,对象是人。
“组织特异性”启动子是如下核苷酸序列,当与由基因编码或指定的多核苷酸可操作地连接时,基本上只有在细胞是对应于启动子的组织类型的细胞的情况下,才使基因产物在细胞中产生。
如本文所用的术语“转染的”或“转化的”或“转导的”是指外源核酸被转移或导入到宿主细胞中的过程。“转染的”或“转化的”或“转导的”细胞是已经用外源核酸转染、转化或转导的细胞。该细胞包括原代受试细胞(primary subject cell)及其后代。
如本文所用,术语“治疗(treatment或treating)”被定义为向对象应用或施用治疗剂(即,本发明内有用的组合物)(单独或与另一药剂组合),或向从对象分离的组织或细胞系(例如,用于诊断或离体应用)应用或施用治疗剂,该对象具有疾病或障碍、疾病或障碍的症状或发展疾病或障碍的潜能,目的是治愈、愈合、减轻、缓解、改变、治疗、改善、改进或影响疾病或障碍、疾病或障碍的症状或发展疾病或障碍的潜能。这种治疗可以基于药物基因组学领域获得的知识而特异性订制或修改。在任何个别情况下,适当的治疗量可由本领域普通技术人员使用常规实验来确定。
如本文所用的短语“在转录控制下”或“可操作的连接”意指启动子相对于多核苷酸处于正确位置和取向,以控制RNA聚合酶的转录起始和多核苷酸的表达。
如本文所用的“变体”是这样的核酸序列或肽序列,其序列分别不同于参考核酸序列或肽序列,但保留参考分子的基本性质。核酸变体序列中的变化可能不改变由参考核酸编码的肽的氨基酸序列,或者可能导致氨基酸取代、添加、缺失、融合和平截(truncations)。肽变体序列中的变化一般是有限的或保守的,使得参考肽和变体的序列总体上是相当相似的,且在很多区域都是相同的。变体和参考肽的氨基酸序列可通过以任何组合的一个或多个取代、添加或缺失而有所不同。核酸或肽的变体可以是天然存在的,如等位变体,或者可以是未知天然存在的变体。核酸和肽的非天然存在的变体可通过诱变技术或通过直接合成来制成。
“载体”是包含分离的核酸且可用于将分离的核酸递送至细胞内部的物质的组合物。众多载体在本领域中是已知的,包括但不限于线性多核苷酸、与离子或两亲性化合物缔合的多核苷酸、质粒和病毒。因此,术语“载体”包括自主复制型质粒或病毒。该术语还应解释为包括促进核酸转移到细胞中的非质粒和非病毒化合物,诸如,例如聚赖氨酸化合物、脂质体等。病毒载体的示例包括但不限于腺病毒载体、腺相关病毒载体、逆转录转录病毒载体等。
如本文所用,术语“野生型”是指从天然存在来源分离的基因或基因产物。野生型基因在群体中最常见,因此被任意设计为“正常”或“野生型”基因形式。相反,术语“修饰的”或“突变体”是指当与野生型基因或基因产物相比时在序列和/或功能性质(即,改变的特性)上显示出修饰的基因或基因产物。可以分离天然存在的突变体;通过当与野生型基因或基因产物相比时其具有改变的特性(包括改变的核酸序列)这一事实来对其进行鉴定。
本文中使用的缩写包括:FGF,成纤维细胞生长因子;FGFR,成纤维细胞生长因子受体;HSPG,硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖;RTK,受体酪氨酸激酶;sKLA,α-Klotho的胞外结构域;sKLB,β-Klotho的胞外结构域。
在整个本公开中,本发明的各个方面都可以以范围格式呈现。应当理解,以范围格式进行的描述仅是为了方便和简洁,而不应被解释为对本发明范围的刻板限制。因此,应该将范围的描述视为已具体公开了在该范围内的所有可能的子范围以及单个数值。例如,应将诸如1到6的范围描述视为已具体公开了子范围如1到3、1到4、1到5、2到4、2到6、3到6等,以及该范围内的单个数字,例如1、2、2.7、3、4、5、5.3和6。无论范围的广度如何,这都适用。
公开内容
在本发明时流行的模型是FGF23结合促进由FGFR和α-Klotho受体组成的信号传导复合体在细胞膜上的组装。FGF23的FGF结构域与FGFR的胞外结构域结合,而C-末端尾部与α-Klotho的胞外结构域结合。生化和结构分析揭示了FGF19和FGF21的类似作用机理,即FGF19或FGF21的FGF部分与FGFR的胞外结构域结合,而其C-末端区与β-Klotho的胞外结构域结合。普遍认为Klotho蛋白起到内分泌FGF的共同受体的作用,类似于HSPG在经典FGF的细胞信号传导中所起的作用。然而,由于内分泌FGF的C-末端尾部对Klotho受体的结合亲和力是其FGF部分对FGFR的结合亲和力的1000-10,000倍强,因此Klotho蛋白可起到内分泌FGF的主要表面受体的作用,而FGFR则起到组装后的被激活的信号传导复合体的催化亚单位的作用。在某些非限制性实施方式中,细胞膜上的HSPG分子可促进FGF23/α-Klotho/FGFR三元复合体转化为具有经刺激的酪氨酸激酶活性的FGF23/α-Klotho/FGFR六聚体。
如本文所示,FGF23的C-末端尾部是负责α-Klotho结合的区域,包含两个串联重复序列R1和R2,充当α-Klotho的两个不同的配体。具有单α-Klotho结合位点的FGF23变体FGF23-R1、FGF23-R2,或兼具R1和R2的FGF23-WT以相似的结合亲和力与α-Klotho结合并刺激酪氨酸磷酸化和MAPK反应。R2侧接两个半胱氨酸,其在FGF23-WT中形成二硫桥;FGF23-WT中的二硫桥形成对于α-Klotho结合和经由FGFR的细胞信号传导是不必要的。此外,FGF23-WT刺激由与FGFR的胞质结构域融合的α-Klotho的胞外结构域组成的嵌合受体分子的二聚化和激活,并且采用全内反射荧光(TIRF)显微镜可视化细胞表面上的个体α-Klotho分子。这些实验证明FGF23-WT能够充当细胞膜中α-Klotho的二价配体。在某些实施方式中,工程化的含R2的构建体(诸如biut,不限于Fc-R2)充当FGF23-拮抗剂,提供新的药理学干预来治疗由FGF23过度丰度或活性引起的疾病。
图10D中呈现的示意图描绘了内分泌FGF分子、FGFR和Klotho蛋白之间的相互作用。确定了三个单独的结合事件。FGFR1c与β-Klotho异二聚化的解离常数K1,FGF21的FGF部分与FGFR1c结合的解离常数K2,以及FGF21的C-末端尾部与β-Klotho结合的解离常数K3。对各个单独缔合的结合测量,揭示了K1为约1μM,K2为约100μM,以及K3在约20nM的范围内。本研究证明,除了先前鉴定的α-Klotho结合位点(R1)之外,FGF23的C-末端尾部还含有第二个不同的与α-Klotho的结合位点,被称为R2。含有单α-Klotho结合位点的工程化FGF23,FGF23-R1或FGF23-R2,以及FGF23-WT(兼具R1和R2),以相似的解离常数与sKLA结合并在表达FGFR1c连同α-Klotho的细胞中刺激相似的FRS2α的酪氨酸磷酸化和MAPK反应。本研究还证明,在全长C-末端尾部的情况下,具有无活性R1的FGF23变体利用R2进行α-Klotho结合和通过FGFR激活来刺激细胞信号传导。
一方面,FGF23-WT可充当α-Klotho的二价配体,在某些实施方式中是基于由与FGFR1的胞质结构域融合的α-Klotho的胞外结构域组成的嵌合受体的二聚化和激活,以及在FGF23刺激前后使用TIRF显微镜可视化细胞表面上的个体α-Klotho分子。图10D中呈现的示意图描绘了FGF23、FGFR1c和α-Klotho之间发生的相互作用。由FGF23介导的相互作用与由FGF21(或FGF19)介导的相互作用之间的差异在于,FGF23的C-末端尾部包含被称为R1和R2的串联重复序列,其起到α-Klotho的独特、高亲和力配体的作用。然而,由于FGF23-R1、FGF23-R2和FGF23-WT以相似的解离常数与sKLA结合并且能够诱发相似的FGFR1c激活和细胞信号传导,因此在某些非限制性实施方式中,单R1或R2配体足以进行α-Klotho结合和细胞刺激。此外,甚至二价FGF23-WT也利用单R1或R2进行α-Klotho结合和细胞激活。此外,用FGF23-WT或用截短的FGF23-R1样变体处理小鼠导致对血清磷酸盐浓度的类似调节,证明了具有单α-Klotho结合位点的FGF23分子能够刺激体内生理反应。不希望受任何理论的限制,FGF23对α-Klotho的二价性可促进由α-Klotho和FGFR组成的信号传导复合体在细胞膜上的有效组装。在α-Klotho与FGFR结合的解离常数K1为约1μM的情况下,二价FGF23分子可刺激预先存在的α-Klotho/FGFR异二聚体群与游离α-Klotho分子或与另一对预先存在的α-Klotho/FGFR异二聚体之间的二聚化。虽然R1和R2彼此对游离α-Klotho的结合亲和力非常相似,但可能FGF23-WT与FGFR1c/α-Klotho结合更受约束且限于与R1的相互作用,并且可能R2配体的偏好是将游离α-Klotho分子汇聚到信号传导复合体。因此,FGFR1c/α-Klotho异二聚体的架构可能优先允许与第一重复序列R1相互作用,同时第二重复序列R2——侧接由二硫桥连接的两个半胱氨酸——可能与游离α-Klotho分子结合,反之亦然。
在某些实施方式中,本发明提供了包含FGF23的R2区(SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸212-239)的构建体。在其它实施方式中,构建体通过阻断α-Klotho结合和经由FGFR激活的细胞信号传导而起到FGF23-拮抗剂的作用。在又其它实施方式中,本公开的构建体可用于治疗与FGF23失调和/或过表达相关的疾病或障碍,诸如但不限于磷酸盐代谢障碍。
化合物和组合物
在某些实施方式中,本发明提供了构建体,其包括对应于FGF23的R2区的多肽,或其生物活性片段。FGF23的R2区对应于SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸212-239,或SAEDN SPMASDPLGV VRGGR VNTHA GGT。在某些实施方式中,构建体包括与SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸212-239具有至少约90%(例如,至少约91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%)同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中,构建体是可溶的。在某些实施方式中,构建体是重组的。多肽可与另一种分子融合,诸如但不限于(聚)多肽。在某些实施方式中,构建体还包括与多肽融合的稳定性增强结构域,或其生物活性片段。在某些实施方式中,稳定性增强结构域,或其生物活性片段的存在提高了多肽的半衰期、改善了溶解性、降低了免疫原性和/或增加了多肽的活性。在某些实施方式中,稳定性增强结构域包括白蛋白、硫氧还蛋白、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和/或抗体的Fc区中的至少一种。在某些实施方式中,Fc区域是IgG Fc。在某些实施方式中,Fc区是人免疫球蛋白1(IgG1)、人免疫球蛋白2(IgG2)、人免疫球蛋白3(IgG3)和/或人免疫球蛋白4(IgG4)的Fc结构域。
SEQ ID NO:6:人IgG1(Fc)
DKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
SEQ ID NO:7:人白蛋白
MKWVTFLLLLFVSGSAFSRGVFRREAHKSEIAHRYNDLGEQHFKGLVLIAFSQYLQKCSYDEHAKLVQEVTDFAKTCVADESAANCDKSLHTLFGDKLCAIPNLRENYGELADCCTKQEPERNECFLQHKDDNPSLPPFERPEAEAMCTSFKENPTTFMGHYLHEVARRHPYFYAPELLYYAEQYNEILTQCCAEADKESCLTPKLDGVKEKALVSSVRQRMKCSSMQKFGERAFKAWAVARLSQTFPNADFAEITKLATDLTKVNKECCHGDLLECADDRAELAKYMCENQATISSKLQTCCDKPLLKKAHCLSEVEHDTMPADLPAIAADFVEDQEVCKNYAEAKDVFLGTFLYEYSRRHPDYSVSLLLRLAKKYEATLEKCCAEANPPACYGTVLAEFQPLVEEPKNLVKTNCDLYEKLGEYGFQNAILVRYTQKAPQVSTPTLVEAARNLGRVGTKCCTLPEDQRLPCVEDYLSAILNRVCLLHEKTPVSEHVTKCCSGSLVERRPCFSALTVDETYVPKEFKAETFTFHSDICTLPEKEKQIKKQTALAELVKHKPKATAEQLKTVMDDFAQFLDTCCKAADKDTCFSTEGPNLVTRCKDALARSWSHPQFEK
在某些实施方式中,稳定性增强结构域与多肽的N-末端融合。在某些实施方式中,稳定性增强结构域与多肽的C-末端融合。
在某些实施方式中,稳定性增强结构域与多肽直接融合(即,无接头)。在某些实施方式中,稳定性增强结构域通过接头与多肽融合。在某些实施方式中,接头包含约1-18个氨基酸和/或1-20个乙二醇和/或丙二醇单元。在某些实施方式中,多肽和稳定性增强结构域通过接头连接,接头包含约1-18个氨基酸、1-17个氨基酸、1-16个氨基酸、1-15个氨基酸、1-14个氨基酸、1-13个氨基酸、1-12个氨基酸、1-11个氨基酸、1-10个氨基酸、1-9个氨基酸、1-8个氨基酸、1-7个氨基酸、1-6个氨基酸、1-5个氨基酸、1-4个氨基酸、1-3个氨基酸、1-2个氨基酸、或单个氨基酸。
在某些实施方式中,与多肽的N-末端融合的接头的C-末端不是下列之一:APASCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:20)、PASCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:21)、ASCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:22)、SCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:23)、CSQELP(SEQ ID NO:24)、SQELP(SEQ ID NO:25)、QELP(SEQ IDNO:26)、ELP、LP、P。
在某些实施方式中,与多肽的C-末端融合的接头的N-末端不是下列之一:GPEGCRPFAKF(SEQ ID NO:27)、GPEGCRPFAK(SEQ ID NO:28)、GPEGCRPFA(SEQ ID NO:29)、GPEGCRPF(SEQ ID NO:30)、GPEGCRP(SEQ ID NO:31)、GPEGCR(SEQ ID NO:32)、GPEGC(SEQID NO:33)GPEG(SEQ ID NO:34)、GPE、GP、G。
在某些实施方式中,构建体进一步被聚乙二醇化(pegylated)(与聚(乙二醇)链融合)。在某些实施方式中,构建体进一步被至少部分甲基化。在某些实施方式中,构建体进一步被C-末端酰胺化。
本文还提供了核酸,其编码本公开的任一种构建体。本公开还提供了载体,如表达载体,其包含这种核酸。还提供了一个细胞、多个细胞或多种细胞(例如,哺乳动物细胞),其包含本文所述的核酸、载体或表达载体中的任一种。还提供了用于产生本公开的构建体的方法,在某些实施方式中,方法包括在适于通过该细胞或多个细胞,从核酸、载体或表达载体表达构建体的条件下培养该细胞、多个细胞或多种细胞。方法还可包括从该细胞、多个细胞或多种细胞,或从培养该细胞、多个细胞或多种细胞的培养基中纯化构建体。此外,本公开提供了通过任何这样的方法纯化的构建体。
本公开还提供了自主复制型或整合型哺乳动物细胞载体,其包含编码本公开的构建体的重组核酸。在某些实施方式中,载体包括质粒或病毒。在其它实施方式中,载体包括哺乳动物细胞表达载体。在其它实施方式中,载体还包含至少一个指导和/或控制构建体的表达的核酸序列。在又其它实施方式中,重组核酸编码包括本公开的构建体和信号肽的多肽,其中多肽在由细胞分泌后被蛋白水解加工以产生本公开的构建体。
在又一方面中,本公开提供了分离的宿主细胞,其包含本公开的载体。在某些实施方式中,细胞是非人细胞。在其它实施方式中,细胞是哺乳动物的。在又其它实施方式中,本公开的载体包含编码多肽的重组核酸,多肽包括本公开的构建体和信号肽。在又其它实施方式中,多肽在由细胞分泌后被蛋白水解加工以产生本公开的构建体。
基因疗法
编码本公开中有用的多肽(一种或多种)的核酸可用于治疗本文所考虑的疾病或障碍的基因疗法方案。可将经改进的编码多肽(一种或多种)的构建体插入合适的基因疗法载体并施用于患者以治疗或预防感兴趣的疾病或障碍。
载体如病毒载体已在现有技术中用于将基因导入多种不同的靶细胞中。一般是将载体暴露于靶细胞使得转化可以在足够比例的细胞中发生,以从所期望的多肽(例如,受体)的表达提供有用的治疗或预防效果。转染的核酸可永久地被并入每个所靶向的细胞的基因组中,从而提供长期持久的效果,或者可选地治疗可能必须定期重复。在某些实施方式中,(病毒)载体用编码本公开的多肽(一种或多种)的遗传物质在体内转染肝细胞。
多种载体——病毒载体和质粒载体二者都是本领域已知的(参见例如美国专利号5,252,479和WO 93/07282)。具体地,许多病毒已被用作基因转移载体,包括乳多空病毒如SV40、牛痘病毒、疱疹病毒包括HSV和EBV,以及逆转录病毒。现有技术中的许多基因疗法方案已经使用失能的鼠逆转录病毒。最近授权的几项专利涉及用于执行基因疗法的方法和组合物(参见例如美国专利号6,168,916;6,135,976;5,965,541和6,129,705)。前述专利中的每一篇均通过引用以其整体并入本文。
AAV介导的基因疗法:
AAV是属于依赖病毒(Dependovirus)属的细小病毒,其具有使其特别适合基因疗法应用的数个特征。例如,AAV可以感染多种宿主细胞,包括非分裂细胞。此外,AAV可以感染来自多种物种的细胞。重要的是,AAV与任何人或动物疾病无关,并且在整合后似乎不改变宿主细胞的生理性质。最后,AAV在广泛的物理和化学条件下稳定,这使其适合生产、存储和运输要求。
AAV基因组是线性单链DNA分子,其含有大约4,700个核苷酸(AAV-2基因组由4,681个核苷酸组成,AAV-4基因组由4,767个核苷酸组成),通常包含内部非重复区段,每端侧接反向末端重复序列(ITR)。ITR的长度约为145个核苷酸(AAV-1的ITR为143个核苷酸),并具有多种功能,包括作为复制起点和作为病毒基因组的包装信号。
基因组的内部非重复部分包括两个大的开放阅读框(ORF),称为AAV复制(rep)和衣壳(cap)区域。这些ORF编码复制和衣壳基因产物,允许复制、组装和包装完整的AAV病毒粒子。更具体地,从AAV rep区域表达至少四种病毒蛋白的家族:Rep 78、Rep 68、Rep 52和Rep 40,所有这些均以其表观分子量命名。AAV cap区域编码至少三种蛋白质:VP1、VP2和VP3。
AAV是一种辅助依赖型病毒,也就是说,它需要与辅助病毒(例如,腺病毒、疱疹病毒或牛痘病毒)共感染以便形成功能完整的AAV病毒粒子。在不与辅助病毒共感染的情况下,AAV建立潜伏状态,其中病毒基因组插入宿主细胞染色体或以游离基因形式存在,但不产生感染性病毒粒子。随后辅助病毒的感染“挽救”整合的基因组,使其复制并包装到病毒衣壳中,从而重构感染性病毒粒子。虽然AAV可以感染来自不同物种的细胞,但辅助病毒必须与宿主细胞属于同一物种。因此,例如,人AAV在已与犬腺病毒共感染的犬细胞中复制。
为了产生含有异源核酸序列的感染性重组AAV(rAAV),可用含有异源核酸序列但缺乏AAV辅助功能基因rep和cap的AAV载体转染合适的宿主细胞系。然后可以在单独的载体上提供AAV辅助功能基因。此外,载体上只能提供AAV产生所需的辅助病毒基因(即辅助功能基因),而不提供具有复制能力的辅助病毒(如腺病毒、疱疹病毒或牛痘病毒)。
总的来说,可以在一个或多个载体上提供AAV辅助功能基因(即,rep和cap)和附属功能基因。然后可以在宿主细胞中表达辅助和附属功能基因产物,其中它们将反式作用于含有异源核酸序列的rAAV载体上。然后将含有异源核酸序列的rAAV载体复制和包装,就如同它是野生型(wt)AAV基因组一样,形成重组病毒粒子。当患者的细胞感染所得的rAAV病毒粒子时,异源核酸序列进入患者的细胞并在其中表达。由于患者的细胞缺乏rep和cap基因以及附属功能基因,因此rAAV无法进一步复制和包装它们的基因组。此外,在没有rep和cap基因源的情况下,wtAAV无法在患者的细胞中形成。
有11种已知的AAV血清型,AAV-1到AAV-11(Mori,et al.,2004,Virology330(2):375-83)。AAV-2是人群中最普遍的血清型;一项研究估计,至少80%的普通人群已经感染了wt AAV-2(Berns和Linden,1995,Bioessays 17:237-245)。AAV-3和AAV-5在人群中也很普遍,感染率高达60%(Georg-Fries,et al.,1984,Virology 134:64-71)。AAV-1和AAV-4是猿猴分离株,但这两种血清型都可以转导人细胞(Chiorini,et al.,1997,J Virol71:6823-6833;Chou,et al.,2000,Mol Ther 2:619-623)。在六种已知的血清型中,最好地表征了AAV-2。例如,AAV-2已被用于一系列广泛的体内转导实验,并已显示转导许多不同的组织类型,包括:小鼠(美国专利号5,858,351;美国专利号6,093,392),狗肌肉;小鼠肝脏(Couto,et al.,1999,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 96:12725-12730;Couto,et al.,1997,J.Virol.73:5438-5447;Nakai,et al.,1999,J.Virol.73:5438-5447;以及Snyder,etal.,1997,Nat.Genet.16:270-276);小鼠心脏(Su,et al.,2000,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA97:13801-13806);兔肺(Flotte,et al.,1993,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 90:10613-10617);和啮齿动物光受体(Flannery et al.,1997,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA94:6916-6921)。
AAV-2的广泛组织趋向性可用于递送组织特异性转基因。例如,AAV-2载体已被用于递送以下基因:将囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节基因递送到兔肺(Flotte,et al.,1993,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA90:10613-10617);将Factor NIII基因(Burton,et al.,1999,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 96:12725-12730)和因子IX基因(Nakai,et al.,1999,J.Virol.73:5438-5447;Snyder,et al.,1997,Nat.Genet.16:270-276;美国专利号6,093,392)递送到小鼠肝脏、狗和小鼠肌肉(美国专利号6,093,392);将促红细胞生成素基因递送到小鼠肌肉(美国专利号5,858,351);将血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因递送到小鼠心脏(Su,et al.,2000,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 97:13801-13806);和将芳族1-氨基酸脱羧酶基因(aromatic 1-amino acid decarboxylase gene)递送到猴神经元。某些rAAV递送的转基因的表达在实验室动物中具有治疗作用;例如,据报道因子IX的表达在血友病B的狗模型中恢复表型正常性(美国专利号6,093,392)。此外,向小鼠心肌的rAAV递送的NEGF的表达导致新生血管形成(Su,et al.,2000,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 97:13801-13806),而向帕金森病猴脑的rAAV递送的AADC的表达导致多巴胺能功能的恢复。
将感兴趣的蛋白质递送至哺乳动物的细胞是通过首先产生包含编码感兴趣的蛋白质的DNA的AAV载体,然后将该载体施用于哺乳动物来实现的。因此,本公开应被解释为包括包含编码感兴趣的多肽(一种或多种)的DNA的AAV载体。一旦掌握了本公开内容,包含编码这种/这些多肽(一种或多种)的DNA的AAV载体的产生对于技术人员来说将是显而易见的。
在某些实施方式中,本公开的rAAV载体包括几个必需的DNA元件。在某些实施方式中,这些DNA元件包括至少两个拷贝的AAV ITR序列、启动子/增强子元件、转录终止信号、任何必要的5'或3'非翻译区——其侧接编码感兴趣的蛋白质的DNA或其生物活性片段。本公开的rAAV载体还可包含感兴趣的蛋白质的内含子的一部分。此外,任选地,本公开的rAAV载体包含编码感兴趣的突变多肽的DNA。
在某些实施方式中,载体包含启动子/调控序列,该启动子/调控序列包括能够驱动异源基因在许多不同细胞类型中以高水平表达的混杂启动子。此类启动子包括但不限于巨细胞病毒(CMV)即刻早期启动子/增强子序列、劳斯肉瘤病毒启动子/增强子序列等。在某些实施方式中,本公开的rAAV载体中的启动子/调控序列是CMV即刻早期启动子/增强子。然而,用于驱动异源基因表达的启动子序列也可以是诱导型启动子,例如但不限于类固醇诱导型启动子,也可以是组织特异性启动子,诸如但不限于肌肉组织特异性的骨骼α-肌动蛋白启动子和肌肉肌酸激酶启动子/增强子等。
在某些实施方式中,本公开的rAAV载体包括转录终止信号。虽然本公开的载体中可以包括任何转录终止信号,但在某些实施方式中,转录终止信号是SV40转录终止信号。
在某些实施方式中,本公开的rAAV载体包括编码感兴趣的多肽或感兴趣的多肽的生物活性片段的分离的DNA。本公开应被解释为包括感兴趣的多肽的任何哺乳动物序列,其是已知的或未知的。因此,本公开应被解释为包括来自除人之外的哺乳动物的基因,其多肽以与人多肽基本相似的方式发挥功能。优选地,包括编码感兴趣的多肽的基因的核苷酸序列与编码感兴趣的多肽的基因约50%同源,更优选约70%同源,甚至更优选约80%同源,以及最优选约90%同源。
此外,本公开应被解释为包括野生型蛋白质序列的天然存在的变体或重组衍生的突变体,这些变体或突变体使得由此编码的多肽在本公开的基因疗法方法中与全长多肽在治疗上一样有效,或者甚至比全长多肽在治疗上更有效。
本公开还应被解释为包括保留多肽的生物活性的DNA编码变体。此类变体包括已经或可以使用重组DNA技术修饰的蛋白质或多肽,使得蛋白质或多肽具有增强其在本文所述方法中使用的适用性的另外的性质,例如但不限于赋予血浆中蛋白质稳定性增强和蛋白质比活性增强的变体。类似物可以通过保守的氨基酸序列差异或通过不影响序列的修饰或通过两者而与天然存在的蛋白质或肽不同。例如,可以进行保守的氨基酸改变,虽然它们改变了蛋白质或肽的一级序列,但通常不会改变其功能。
本公开不限于实验实施例中示例的具体rAAV载体;确切地说,本公开应当被解释为包括任何合适的AAV载体,包括但不限于基于AAV-1、AAV-3、AAV-4和AAV-6等的载体。
本公开还包括以有效提供治疗效果的量治疗患有疾病或障碍的哺乳动物的方法。方法包括向哺乳动物施用编码感兴趣的多肽的rAAV载体。优选地,哺乳动物是人。
一般地,在单次注射中施用的病毒载体基因组的数量/哺乳动物在约1×108至约5×1016的范围内。优选地,单次注射中施用的病毒载体基因组的数量/哺乳动物为约1×1010至约1×1015;更优选地,单次注射中施用的病毒载体基因组的数量/哺乳动物为约5×1010至约5×1015;以及最优选地,单次注射中施用给哺乳动物的病毒载体基因组的数量为约5×1011至约5×1014。
当本公开的方法包括多位点同时注射,或包括在数小时(例如,从约少于一小时至约两小时或三小时)的时间段内注射到不同位点的数次多位点注射时,施用的病毒载体基因组的总数可与单位点注射方法中叙述的相同,或是其分数或是其倍数。
为了以单位点注射施用本公开的rAAV载体,在某些实施方式中,将包含病毒的组合物直接注射到对象的器官(诸如但不限于对象的肝脏)中。
为了施用于哺乳动物,可以将rAAV载体悬浮在药学上可接受的运载体中,例如pH为约7.8的HEPES缓冲盐水中。其它有用的药学上可接受的运载体包括但不限于甘油、水、盐水、乙醇和其它药学上可接受的盐溶液如磷酸盐和有机酸的盐。这些和其它药学上可接受的运载体的示例描述于Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences(1991,Mack PublicationCo.,New Jersey)中。
本公开的rAAV载体也可以以试剂盒的形式提供,该试剂盒包括,例如,在干燥盐制剂中的载体的冻干制剂、用于悬浮载体/盐组合物的无菌水和用于悬浮载体并将其施用至哺乳动物的说明书。
方法
一方面,本发明包括治疗或预防有需要的对象中的疾病或障碍的方法。
在某些实施方式中,构建体通过阻断α-Klotho结合和经由FGFR激活的细胞信号传导而起到FGF23拮抗剂的作用。在又其它实施方式中,构建体阻止FGFR激活。在又其它实施方式中,构建体可用于治疗与FGF23失调和/或过表达相关的疾病或障碍,诸如但不限于磷酸盐代谢障碍。本发明还提供了治疗、改善和/或预防有需要的哺乳动物中的内分泌FGF相关疾病或障碍的方法。
在某些实施方式中,方法包括向对象施用治疗有效量的本公开的构建体。通过该方法治疗或预防的疾病或障碍的非限制性示例包括各种类型的低磷酸盐血症,诸如但不限于X连锁低磷酸盐血症(XLH)、常染色体隐性低磷酸盐血症佝偻病1(ARHR1)、低磷酸盐血症佝偻病2(ARHR2)和常染色体显性低血磷(autosomal dominant hypophatemic)佝偻病(ADHR)。通过该方法治疗或预防的疾病或障碍的其它非限制性示例包括肿瘤诱发的骨软化(TIO)。由于FGF23的水平在患有慢性肾疾病(CKD)的患者中高度增加,因此α-Klotho或FGF23的抑制剂也可用于CKD患者的治疗。
在某些实施方式中,疾病或障碍包括低磷酸盐血症和/或肿瘤诱发的骨软化。
在某些实施方式中,对象是哺乳动物。在其它实施方式中,哺乳动物是人。在其它实施方式中,构建体通过选自下列的施用途径施用:吸入、口服、直肠、阴道、肠胃外、颅内、局部、经皮、肺、鼻内、颊、眼、鞘内和静脉内。在某些实施方式中,构建体或其前体被递送到经编码的载体上,其中载体编码构建体或其前体,并且在向对象施用载体后,构建体从载体转录和翻译。
在某些实施方式中,构建体被配制用于通过选自下列的施用途径施用:吸入、口服、直肠、阴道、肠胃外、颅内、局部、经皮、肺、鼻内、颊、眼、鞘内和静脉内。
在某些实施方式中,对象被进一步施用至少一种治疗疾病和/或障碍的另外的药物。在其它实施方式中,构建体和至少一种另外的药物被共同施用。在又其它实施方式中,构建体和至少一种另外的药物被共同配制。
本领域的技术人员将理解,当掌握了包括本文详述的方法的本公开内容时,本发明不限于在确立疾病或障碍后对其的治疗。具体地,疾病或障碍的症状不必表现到对对象危害的程度(点,point);实际上,在施用治疗之前不需要在对象中检测到疾病或障碍。也就是说,在本发明可以提供益处之前,不必发生疾病或障碍的显著病理学。
组合疗法
使用这里描述的方法鉴定的化合物和组合物与可用于治疗本文考虑的疾病或障碍的一种或多种另外的化合物组合用于本发明的方法。这些另外的化合物可包括本文鉴定的化合物或已知治疗、预防或减少本文考虑的疾病或障碍的症状的化合物,例如,可商业获得的化合物。
可例如使用合适的方法计算协同效果,合适的方法诸如,例如Sigmoid-Emax方程(Holford&Scheiner,19981,Clin.Pharmacokinet.6:429-453)、Loewe相加性的方程(Loewe&Muischnek,1926,Arch.Exp.Pathol Pharmacol.114:313-326)和中值效应方程(Chou&Talalay,1984,Adv.Enzyme Regul.22:27-55)。上面提到的每个方程都可应用于实验数据以生成对应图表从而帮助评估药物组合的效果。与上面提到的方程相关的对应图表分别是浓度-效果曲线、等效线图(isobologram)曲线和组合指数曲线。
药物组合物和制剂
本发明还涵盖了实践本发明方法的本发明药物组合物的用途。
这种药物组合物可以以适于向对象施用的形式提供,并且可包含一种或多种药学上可接受的运载体、一种或多种另外的成分,或这些的某种组合。如在本领域公知的,本发明的组合物可包含生理学上可接受的盐,如与生理上可接受的阳离子或阴离子组合的本发明中考虑的化合物。
在某些实施方式中,用于实践本发明方法的药物组合物可被施用以递送1ng/kg/天和100mg/kg/天之间的剂量。在其它实施方式中,用于实践本发明的药物组合物可被施用以递送1ng/kg/天和500mg/kg/天之间的剂量。
本发明的药物组合物中活性成分、药学上可接受的运载体和任何另外的成分的相对量将根据所治疗的对象的身份、大小和状况而改变,并且进一步根据待施用的组合物的途径而改变。举例来说,组合物可包含0.1%和100%(w/w)之间的活性成分。
用于本发明方法的药物组合物可被适当地开发用于吸入、口服、直肠、阴道、肠胃外、局部、颅内、经皮、肺、鼻内、颊、眼、鞘内、静脉内或其它施用途径。其它考虑的制剂包括经设计的(projected)纳米颗粒、脂质体制剂、含有活性成分的重新密封的红细胞和基于免疫学的制剂。施用途径(一个或多个)对本领域技术人员将是显而易见的,并且将取决于任意数目的因素,包括所治疗的疾病的类型和严重度、所治疗的兽医或人患者的类型和年龄等。
本文描述的药物组合物的制剂可通过药理学领域中已知的或以后开发的任何方法制备。一般来说,这种制备方法包括使活性成分与运载体或一种或多种其它辅助成分缔合的步骤,然后,如果有必要或期望,将产物成型或包装为期望的单剂量单位或多剂量单位。
如本文所用,“单位剂量”是包含预定量的活性成分的药物组合物的离散量。活性成分的量是通常等于将向对象施用的活性成分的剂量或这种剂量的方便分数(convenientfraction)诸如,例如这种剂量的一半或三分之一。单位剂型可以是单次日剂量或多次日剂量之一(例如,每天约1至4次或更多次)。当使用多次日剂量时,单位剂型的每次剂量可以相同或不同。
尽管本文提供的对药物组合物的描述主要针对适于向人进行处方施用(伦理施用,ethical administration)的药物组合物,但本领域技术人员将理解,这种组合物通常适于向所有种类的动物施用。为了使组合物适于向各种动物施用,对适于向人施用的药物组合物的修改是很好理解的,并且普通技术的兽医药理学家可仅用普通的(若有的话)实验法设计并执行这种修改。考虑施用本发明的药物组合物的对象包括但不限于人和其它灵长类动物、哺乳动物包括商业上相关的哺乳动物如牛、猪、马、绵羊、猫和狗。
在某些实施方式中,本发明的组合物使用一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂或运载体配制。在某些实施方式中,本发明的药物组合物包含治疗有效量的本发明的至少一种化合物和药学上可接受的运载体。
制剂可以与常规赋形剂(即,适于本领域已知的口服、肠胃外、鼻、静脉内、皮下、肠或任何其它合适的施用方式的药学上可接受的有机或无机运载体物质)掺合(混合,admixture)使用。药学制剂可被灭菌,并且如果期望的话,与助剂例如润滑剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、用于影响渗透压缓冲剂的盐、着色物质、调味物质和/或芳香物质等混合。它们也可在期望的情况下与其它活性剂组合。
如本文所用,“另外的成分”包括但不限于以下中的一种或多种:赋形剂;表面活性剂;分散剂;惰性稀释剂;成粒剂和崩解剂;粘合剂;润滑剂;甜味剂;调味剂;着色剂;防腐剂;生理学上可降解的组合物,如明胶;水性媒介物和溶剂;油性媒介物和溶剂;悬浮剂;分散剂或润湿剂;乳化剂,缓和剂;缓冲剂;盐;增稠剂;填料;乳化剂;抗氧化剂;抗生素;抗真菌剂;稳定剂;和药学上可接受的聚合或疏水性材料。本发明的药物组合物中可包括的其它“另外的成分”在本领域中是已知的并描述于,例如Genaro,ed.(1985,Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA)中,其通过引用并入本文。
液体悬浮液可使用常规方法制备以获得活性成分在水性或油性媒介物中的悬浮液。水性媒介物包括,例如,水和等渗盐水。油性媒介物包括,例如,杏仁油、油性酯、乙醇、植物油(如花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油)、分馏植物油和矿物油(如液体石蜡)。液体悬浮液可进一步包含一种或多种另外的成分,包括但不限于悬浮剂、分散剂或润湿剂、乳化剂、缓和剂、防腐剂、缓冲剂、盐、香料(flavorings)、着色剂和甜味剂。油性悬浮液可进一步包含增稠剂。已知的悬浮剂包括但不限于山梨醇糖浆、氢化食用脂肪、褐藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、黄蓍树胶、阿拉伯树胶和纤维素衍生物如羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素。已知的分散剂或润湿剂包括但不限于天然存在的磷脂(如卵磷脂)、烯化氧与脂肪酸、与长链脂族醇、与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇的偏酯或与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯(例如,分别为聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、十七碳亚乙基氧基鲸蜡醇(十七乙烯氧基鲸蜡醇,heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol)、聚氧乙烯山梨醇单油酸酯和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯)的缩合产物。已知的乳化剂包括但不限于卵磷脂和阿拉伯树胶(acacia)。已知的防腐剂包括但不限于对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯、抗坏血酸和山梨酸。已知甜味剂包括例如甘油、丙二醇、山梨醇、蔗糖和糖精。已知的油性悬浮液的增稠剂包括例如蜂蜡、硬石蜡和鲸蜡醇。
本发明的药学制剂的粉状和颗粒状制剂可使用已知方法制备。这种制剂可向对象直接施用,例如,用于形成片剂、填充胶囊或通过向其中添加水性或油性媒介物制备水性或油性悬浮液或溶液。这些制剂的每一种可进一步包含分散剂或润湿剂、悬浮剂和防腐剂的一种或多种。另外的赋形剂,如填料和甜味剂、调味剂或着色剂,也可包含在这些制剂中。
本发明的药物组合物也可以以水包油乳剂或油包水乳剂的形式制备、包装或销售。油相可以是植物油(如橄榄油或花生油)、矿物油(如液体石蜡)或这些的组合。这种组合物可进一步包含一种或多种乳化剂,如天然存在的树胶(如阿拉伯树胶或黄蓍树胶)、天然存在的磷脂(如大豆或卵磷脂磷脂)、衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的组合的酯或偏酯(如山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯)和这种偏酯与氧化乙烯的缩合产物如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯。这些乳剂还可含有另外的成分,包括例如甜味剂或调味剂。
用于用化学组合物浸渍或包衣材料的方法在本领域中是已知的,并且包括但不限于在经或不经随后干燥的情况下,将化学组合物沉积或结合到表面上的方法、在材料的合成(即,如用生理上可降解的材料)期间将化学组合物掺入到材料的结构中的方法和将水性或油性溶液或悬浮液吸收到吸收性材料中的方法。
施用/给药
施用方案可影响有效量的构成。治疗性制剂可在表现与疾病或状况相关的症状之前或之后向患者施用。进一步,几个分剂量以及交错剂量可被每日或顺序地施用,或者剂量可被连续输注,或可被弹丸注射。进一步,如通过治疗性或预防性情况的紧急情况表明,治疗性制剂的剂量可以成比例地增加或减少。
本发明的组合物向患者,优选哺乳动物,更优选人的施用可使用已知程序,以对治疗患者中的疾病或状况有效的剂量和时间段实施。对实现治疗性效果必要的治疗性化合物的有效量可根据如下因素而改变:诸如所使用的特定化合物的活性;施用的时间;化合物的排泄率;治疗的持续时间;与化合物组合使用的其它药物、化合物或材料;所治疗患者的疾病或障碍的状态、年龄、性别、重量、状况、总体健康和既往病史以及医学领域中公知的类似因素。可调整剂量方案以提供最佳治疗性反应。例如,几个分剂量可被每天施用,或者如通过治疗性情况的紧急情况表明的,剂量可成比例地减少。本发明的治疗性化合物的有效剂量范围的非限制性示例是约0.01至50mg/kg的体重/每天。本领域普通技术人员将能够研究相关因素并关于治疗性化合物的有效量无需过度实验即可做出确定。
化合物可被每天几次频繁地向动物施用,或者其可被较不频繁地施用,如一天一次、一周一次、每两周一次、一月一次,或甚至更不频繁地,如每几个月一次,或甚至一年一次或更少。应理解,在非限制性示例中,每天给药的化合物的量可以每天、每隔一天、每2天、每3天、每4天或每5天施用。例如,在每隔一天施用的情况下,可在星期一开始5mg/日剂量,在星期三施用第一个随后的5mg/日剂量,在星期五施用第二个随后的5mg/日剂量,以此类推。剂量的频率对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,并且将取决于任意数目的因素,诸如但不限于所治疗的疾病的类型和严重度、动物的类型和年龄等。
本发明的药物组合物中活性成分的实际剂量水平可以改变,以获得对于特定患者、组合物和施用方式取得期望的治疗性反应有效而对患者无毒的活性成分的量。
具备本领域普通技术的医学博士(例如,医师或兽医)可容易地确定和开处方需要的药物组合物的有效量。例如,为了取得期望的治疗性效果,医师或兽医可以以低于需要的水平开始在药物组合物中使用的本发明的化合物的剂量,并且逐渐增加剂量,直到取得期望的效果。
在具体实施方式中,为了便于施用和剂量的均匀性,以剂量单位形式配制化合物是特别有利的。如本文所用的剂量单位形式是指适合作为待治疗患者的单位(unitary)剂量的物理上离散的单位;每个单位含有预定量的经计算与需要的药学媒介物缔合产生期望治疗性效果的治疗性化合物。本发明的剂量单位形式受制于且直接取决于:(a)治疗性化合物的独特特性和待取得的特定治疗性效果,以及(b)本领域中配合/配制用于治疗患者中癌症的这种治疗性化合物的固有局限性。
在某些实施方式中,本发明的组合物以每天1至5次或更多次的范围的剂量向患者施用。在其它实施方式中,本发明的组合物以包括但不限于每天一次、每两天一次、每三天一次至一周一次和每两周一次的剂量范围向患者施用。对本领域技术人员而言将显而易见的是,本发明各种组合的组合物的施用频率将因对象而异,这取决于很多因素,包括但不限于年龄、待治疗的疾病或障碍、性别、整体健康和其它因素。因此,本发明不应被解释为限于任何具体的剂量方案,并且待向任何患者施用的精确剂量和组合物将由主治医师考虑关于患者的所有其它因素来确定。
用于施用的本发明的化合物的范围可以是约1μg至约7,500mg、约20μg至约7,000mg、约40μg至约6,500mg、约80μg至约6,000mg、约100μg至约5,500mg、约200μg至约5,000mg、约400μg至约4,000mg、约800μg至约3,000mg、约1mg至约2,500mg、约2mg至约2,000mg、约5mg至约1,000mg、约10mg至约750mg、约20mg至约600mg、约30mg至约500mg、约40mg至约400mg、约50mg至约300mg、约60mg至约250mg、约70mg至约200mg、约80mg至约150mg,以及其间的任何和所有全部或部分增量。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的化合物的剂量为约0.5μg至约5,000mg。在一些实施方式中,用于本文所描述的组合物的本发明的化合物的剂量为少于约5,000mg,或少于约4,000mg,或少于约3,000mg,或少于约2,000mg,或少于约1,000mg,或少于约800mg,或少于约600mg,或少于约500mg,或少于约200mg,或少于约50mg。类似地,在一些实施方式中,本文描述的第二化合物的剂量为少于约1,000mg,或少于约800mg,或少于约600mg,或少于约500mg,或少于约400mg,或少于约300mg,或少于约200mg,或少于约100mg,或少于约50mg,或少于约40mg,或少于约30mg,或少于约25mg,或少于约20mg,或少于约15mg,或少于约10mg,或少于约5mg,或少于约2mg,或少于约1mg,或少于约0.5mg,以及其任何和所有全部或部分增量。
在某些实施方式中,本发明涉及包装的药物组合物,该药物组合物包括容纳治疗有效量的本发明化合物——单独或与第二药剂组合——的容器;以及用于使用化合物以治疗、预防或减少患者中的疾病或障碍的一种或多种症状的使用说明。
术语“容器”包括容纳药物组合物的任何接收器(receptacle)。例如,在某些实施方式中,容器是含有药物组合物的包装。在其它实施方式中,容器不是含有药物组合物的包装,即,容器是含有包装的药物组合物或未包装的药物组合物以及使用药物组合物的使用说明的接收器,如盒子或小瓶。此外,包装技术在本领域中是公知的。应理解,使用药物组合物的使用说明可包含在含有药物组合物的包装上,并由此,使用说明与包装产品形成增强的功能关系。然而,应理解,使用说明可含有与执行化合物的预期功能(例如,治疗、预防或减少患者中的疾病或障碍)的化合物的能力有关的信息。
施用途径
本发明的任何组合物的施用途径包括吸入、口服、鼻、直肠、肠胃外、舌下、经皮、经粘膜(例如,舌下、舌、(经)颊、(经)尿道、阴道(例如,经阴道和阴道周)、鼻(内)和(经)直肠)、膀胱内、肺内、十二指肠内、胃内、鞘内、皮下、肌肉内、皮内、动脉内、静脉内、支气管内、吸入、颅内和局部施用。
合适的组合物和剂型包括例如片剂、胶囊、囊片、丸剂、囊形片(gel caps)、糖锭(troches)、分散剂、悬浮剂、溶液、糖浆剂、颗粒剂、珠剂、透皮贴剂、凝胶剂、粉末、丸粒、乳浆剂(magmas)、锭剂(lozenges)、乳膏、糊剂、膏药、洗剂、圆盘(discs)、栓剂、用于鼻或口服施用的液体喷雾剂、用于吸入的干粉或雾化制剂、用于膀胱内施用的组合物和制剂等。应当理解,将会用于本发明的制剂和组合物不限于本文描述的特定制剂和组合物。
口服施用
对于口服应用,特别合适的是片剂、糖衣丸、液体、滴剂、栓剂或胶囊剂、囊片和囊形片。适于口服施用的其它制剂包括但不限于粉状或颗粒状制剂、水性或油性悬浮液、水性或油性溶液、糊剂、凝胶、牙膏、漱口剂、上光剂(coating)、口腔冲洗剂(oral rinse)或乳剂。预期用于口服使用的组合物可根据本领域已知的任何方法制备,并且这种组合物可含有一种或多种选自适于制造片剂的惰性、无毒的药学上赋形剂的剂。这种赋形剂包括,例如惰性稀释剂,如乳糖;成粒剂和崩解剂,如玉米淀粉;粘合剂,如淀粉;和润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁。
片剂可以是非包衣的,或者它们可以使用已知方法包衣以在对象的胃肠道内实现延迟崩解,从而提供活性成分的持续释放和吸收。举例来说,可将材料如单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯用于包衣片剂。进一步举例来说,片剂可使用描述于美国专利号4,256,108;4,160,452;和4,265,874中的方法包衣,以形成渗透地控制释放片剂。为了提供药学上优雅的(elegant)且可口的制剂,片剂可进一步包含甜味剂、调味剂、着色剂、防腐剂或这些的某种组合。
包含活性成分的硬胶囊可以使用生理可降解组合物如明胶来制备。这种硬胶囊包含活性成分,并且可以进一步包含另外的成分,包括例如惰性固体稀释剂如碳酸钙、磷酸钙或高岭土。
包含活性成分的软明胶胶囊可使用生理可降解组合物如明胶制成。这种软胶囊包含活性成分,其可以与水或油介质如花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油混合。
对于口服施用,本发明的化合物可以是通过常规手段与药学上可接受的赋形剂如粘合剂;填充剂;润滑剂;崩解剂;或润湿剂制备的片剂或胶囊的形式。如果需要,可以使用合适的方法和包衣材料如可获得自Colorcon,West Point,Pa.(例如,OPADRYTM OY型、OYC型、有机肠溶型OY-P型、水性肠溶型OY-A型、OY-PM型和OPADRYTM White,32K18400)的OPADRYTM膜包衣系统来包衣片剂。
用于口服施用的液体制剂可以是溶液、糖浆剂或悬浮剂的形式。液体制剂可以通过常规手段用药学上可接受的添加剂如悬浮剂(例如,山梨糖醇糖浆剂、甲基纤维素或氢化可食用脂肪);乳化剂(例如,卵磷脂或阿拉伯胶);非水性媒介物(例如,杏仁油、油性酯或乙醇);和防腐剂(例如,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸)制备。适用于口服施用的本发明药物组合物的液体制剂可以以液体形式或以用于在使用前用水或另一种合适的媒介物重构的干燥产品形式制备、包装和销售。
包含活性成分的片剂可以例如通过将活性成分任选地与一种或多种另外的成分一起压制或模制来制备。制备压制片剂可以通过在合适的装置中压制自由流动形式的活性成分,如粉末或颗粒制剂,任选地与粘合剂、润滑剂、赋形剂、表面活性剂和分散剂中的一种或多种混合。模制片剂可以通过在合适的装置中模制活性成分、药学上可接受的运载体和至少足以润湿混合物的液体的混合物来制备。用于制造片剂的药学上可接受的赋形剂包括但不限于惰性稀释剂、制粒剂和崩解剂、粘合剂和润滑剂。已知的分散剂包括但不限于马铃薯淀粉和羟甲基淀粉钠。已知的表面活性剂包括但不限于月桂基硫酸钠。已知的稀释剂包括但不限于碳酸钙、碳酸钠、乳糖、微晶纤维素、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙和磷酸钠。已知的制粒剂和崩解剂包括但不限于玉米淀粉和藻酸。已知的粘合剂包括但不限于明胶、阿拉伯胶、预糊化的玉米淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和羟丙基甲基纤维素。已知的润滑剂包括但不限于硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、二氧化硅和滑石。
制粒技术在制药领域是公知的,用于改性活性成分的起始粉末或其它颗粒材料。一般将粉末与粘合剂材料混合成较大的永久性自由流动的附聚物(agglomerate)或颗粒,称为“制粒”。例如,使用溶剂的“湿法”制粒过程的一般特征是,将粉末与粘合剂材料混合,并在一定条件下用水或有机溶剂润湿,形成湿的粒状物料,然后必须将溶剂从中蒸发。
熔融制粒通常包括使用在室温下为固体或半固体的材料(即,具有相对较低的软化或熔点范围),在基本上没有添加水或其它液体溶剂的情况下促进粉末或其它材料的制粒。当加热到熔点范围内的温度时,低熔点固体液化以充当粘合剂或制粒介质。液化的固体将其自身散布在与之接触的粉末状材料的表面上,并在冷却后形成固体颗粒状物质,在其中将初始物质粘合在一起。然后可以将所得的熔融制粒提供给压片机或封装以制备口服剂型。熔融制粒通过形成固体分散体或固溶体来改善活性物质(即,药物)的溶解速率和生物利用度。
美国专利号5,169,645公开了具有改善的流动特性的可直接压缩的含蜡颗粒。当蜡在熔体中与某些改善流动性的添加剂混合,然后将混合物冷却并制粒时,可得到颗粒。在某些实施方式中,在蜡(一种或多种)和添加剂(一种或多种)的熔融组合中只有蜡本身熔融,而在其它情况下,蜡(一种或多种)和添加剂(一种或多种)二者都将熔融。
本发明还包括多层片剂,其包括提供用于延迟释放在本发明的方法中有用的一种或多种化合物的层,和提供用于立即释放在本发明的方法中有用的一种或多种化合物的其它层。使用蜡/pH敏感的聚合物混合物,可以获得胃不溶性组合物,其中捕获(entrap)了活性成分,从而确保了其延迟释放。
肠胃外施用
如本文所用,药物组合物的“肠胃外施用”包括特征在于以对象组织的物理破坏(breaching)和通过组织中的该破坏施用药物组合物的任意施用途径。因此,肠胃外施用包括但不限于通过注射组合物、通过手术切口施加组合物、通过穿透组织的非手术伤口施加组合物等来施用药物组合物。具体地,考虑了肠胃外施用包括但不限于皮下、静脉内、腹膜内、肌内、胸骨内注射和肾透析输注技术。
适于肠胃外施用的药物组合物的制剂包含与药学上可接受的运载体如无菌水或无菌等渗盐水组合的活性成分。这类制剂可以以适合弹丸施用或连续施用的形式制备、包装或销售。可注射制剂可以以单位剂型制备、包装或销售,如在安瓿中或在含防腐剂的多剂量容器中。肠胃外施用的制剂包括但不限于悬浮剂、溶液、油性或水性媒介物中的乳剂、糊剂和可植入的缓释或生物可降解制剂。此类制剂还可包含一种或多种另外的成分,包括但不限于悬浮剂、稳定剂或分散剂。在肠胃外施用的制剂的一个实施方式中,活性成分以干燥(即,粉末或颗粒)形式提供,用于在肠胃外施用重构的组合物之前用合适的媒介物(例如,无菌无热原水)重构。
药物组合物可以以无菌可注射水性或油性悬浮液或溶液的形式制备、包装或销售。该悬浮液或溶液可根据已知技术(art)配制,并且除了活性成分之外,还可包含另外的成分如本文描述的分散剂、润湿剂或悬浮剂。例如,这种无菌可注射制剂可使用无毒的肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂如水或1,3-丁二醇制备。其它可接受的稀释剂和溶剂包括但不限于林格溶液、等渗氯化钠溶液和固定油(不挥发性油,fixed oil)如合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯。其它有用的可肠胃外施用的制剂包括包含微晶形式的活性成分、脂质体制剂中的活性成分或作为生物可降解的聚合物系统的组分的活性成分的制剂。用于持续释放或植入的组合物可包含药学上可接受的聚合或疏水性材料如乳剂、离子交换树脂、微溶聚合物或微溶盐。
另外的施用形式
本发明的另外的剂型包括如描述于美国专利号6,340,475、6,488,962、6,451,808、5,972,389、5,582,837和5,007,790中的剂型。本发明的另外的剂型还包括如描述于美国专利申请号20030147952、20030104062、20030104053、20030044466、20030039688和20020051820中的剂型。本发明的另外的剂型还包括如描述于PCT申请号WO 03/35041、WO03/35040、WO 03/35029、WO 03/35177、WO 03/35039、WO 02/96404、WO 02/32416、WO 01/97783、WO 01/56544、WO 01/32217、WO 98/55107、WO 98/11879、WO 97/47285、WO 93/18755和WO 90/11757中的剂型。
控释制剂和药物递送系统
本发明的药物组合物的控制释放或持续释放制剂可使用常规技术制成。在一些情况下,可使用例如羟丙基甲基纤维素、其它聚合物基质、凝胶、透性膜、渗透系统、多层包衣、微粒、脂质体或微球体或者其组合,以其中一种或多种活性成分的缓慢释放或控制释放形式提供待使用的剂型,以提供不同比例的期望释放特征。可容易地选择本领域普通技术人员已知的合适的控制释放制剂(包括本文描述的那些),以与本发明的药物组合物一起使用。因此,本发明涵盖适于口服施用的适合控制释放的单次单位剂型,如片剂、胶囊剂、囊形片和囊片。
大多数控制释放药物产品的共同目标是相比它们的非控制对应物(counterparts)改善药物治疗。理想地,在医学治疗中使用最佳设计的控制释放制剂的特征在于,在最短时间内使用最少的药品以治愈或控制状况。控制释放制剂的优点包括延长药物的活性、降低剂量频率和增加患者依从性。另外,控制释放制剂可用于影响作用发作的时间或其它特性,如药物的血液水平,并因此可影响副作用的发生。
大多数控制释放制剂被设计以最初释放迅速产生期望的治疗性效果的一定量的药物,并且逐渐且连续释放其它量的药物以在延长的时间段内维持该水平的治疗性效果。为了维持身体中药物的该恒定水平,药物必须以一定速率从剂型释放,这样将代替从身体代谢和排泄的药物的量。
活性成分的控制释放可被各种诱导物(例如pH、温度、酶、水或其它生理条件或化合物)刺激。本发明的上下文中的术语“控制释放组分”在本文定义为化合物或多种化合物,包括但不限于促进活性成分的控制释放的聚合物、聚合物基质、凝胶、透性膜、脂质体或微球体或者其组合。
在某些实施方式中,本发明的制剂可以是,但不限于,短期、快速弥补(rapid-offset)、以及受控的,例如,持续释放、延迟释放和脉冲式释放的制剂。
术语持续释放在其常规意义上是用于指一种药物制剂,该药物制剂在延长的时间段内提供药物的逐渐释放,并且尽管不一定,但可在延长的时间段内导致基本上恒定的药物血液水平。该时间段可长达一个月或更久,并且应该是长于弹丸形式施用的相同量的剂的释放。
对于持续释放,化合物可用合适的聚合物或疏水性材料配制,该聚合物或疏水性材料为化合物提供持续释放性质。由此,用于本发明方法的化合物可以以微粒的形式例如通过注射施用,或以薄片(wafers)或的圆盘形式通过植入施用。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,使用持续释放制剂,本发明的化合物单独或与另一药剂组合向患者施用。
术语延迟释放以其常规意义在本文使用,是指这样的药物制剂,其在药物施用后延迟一些后提供药物的初始释放,并且尽管不一定,但可包括从约10分钟长至约12小时的延迟。
术语脉冲式释放以其常规意义在本文使用,是指这样的药物制剂,其在药物施用后以产生药物的脉冲血浆特征的方式提供药物的释放。
术语立即释放以其常规意义使用,是指在药物施用后立即提供药物释放的药物制剂。
如本文所用,短期是指长达和包括以下的任何时间段:在药物施用后约8小时、约7小时、约6小时、约5小时、约4小时、约3小时、约2小时、约1小时、约40分钟、约20分钟或约10分钟,以及药物施用后其任何和所有全部或部分增量。
如本文所用,快速弥补是指长达和包括以下的任何时间段:约8小时、约7小时、约6小时、约5小时、约4小时、约3小时、约2小时、约1小时、约40分钟、约20分钟或约10分钟,以及在药物施用后其任何和所有全部或部分增量。
本领域技术人员将认识到,或能够仅使用常规实验确定本文描述的具体程序、实施方式、权利要求和实施例的众多等同物。这样的等同物被认为在本发明的范围内,并且由所附的权利要求覆盖。例如,应理解,用本领域认可的替代方案且仅是用常规实验对反应和测定条件进行修改,这是在本申请的范围内的。
应理解,无论本文提供的值和范围如何,这些值和范围涵盖的所有值和范围意味着被包括在本发明的范围内。此外,本申请还考虑了落入这些范围的所有值,以及该值范围的上限或下限。
以下实施例进一步说明本发明的各方面。然而,它们绝对不是对如本文阐述的本发明的教导或公开内容的限制。
实施例
现在参考以下实施例描述本发明。提供这些实施例仅出于说明目的,并且本发明不限于这些实施例,而是涵盖由于本文提供的教导而明显的所有变化。
材料和方法:
除非另外指出,否则所有起始材料均获自商业供应商,且在没有纯化的情况下使用。
质粒构建
通过PCR扩增编码具有C-末端HA标签的全长人α-Klotho的cDNA,并将其亚克隆到慢病毒转移质粒pLenti CMV Hygro DEST中。为了产生GST融合蛋白,通过PCR扩增人FGF23的C-末端尾部——FL(aa 180-251)、R1(aa 180-205)和R2(aa 212-243)——的DNA片段,并将其克隆到pGEX4T1载体(GE Healthcare)中。通过PCR扩增编码全长人FGF23(FGF23-WT;aa25-251)以及FGF23-R1(aa 25-205)和FGF23-R2(aa 25-179,与aa 212-243融合)的DNA片段,并将其克隆到细菌表达质粒pET-28a中。为了减少蛋白水解切割,所有质粒中精氨酸179被谷氨酰胺取代(R179Q)。将由编码人FGF23的信号肽的cDNA,然后是FLAG标签(DYKDDDDK)和人FGF23(aa 25-251)组成的FGF23的哺乳动物表达载体亚克隆到经修饰的pOptiVec载体(pCMV)中。在C-尾部区域内携带点突变或缺失的FGF23变体的表达载体是按照标准定点突变方案(快变(Quick change))生成的。所有FGF23编码质粒都携带四个突变(R140A/R143A/R176Q/R179Q)以提高配体稳定性。使用编码与被克隆到pCMV中的FGF23的C-末端尾部——FL(aa 180-251)、R1(aa 180-205)或R2(aa 212-243)——连接的小鼠IgG1(aa 1-20)和人IgG1(aa 223-449)的信号肽的cDNA片段生成编码Fc融合蛋白的表达载体。将由与人FGFR1c的跨膜区和胞内区(aa 377-822)融合的人α-Klotho的胞外区(aa 1-981)组成的嵌合受体的表达载体克隆到pBabe-Puro系统中。将编码与6x组氨酸标签(sKLA)融合的人α-Klotho的整个胞外结构域(aa 1-980)的表达载体克隆到哺乳动物表达载体pCEP4(Thermo FisherScientific)中。
蛋白质表达和纯化
sKLA的纯化:
使与6xHis标签融合的α-Klotho的可溶性胞外结构域(sKLA)(aa 1-980)在HEK293EBNA细胞中表达,并从细胞培养基中纯化。为了蛋白质纯化,将细胞在Pro293无血清培养基中维持6天,并将收获的培养基在300xg下离心,通过0.45μM膜过滤,并与NiSepharose Excel树脂(GE Healthcare)在4℃下孵育1小时。然后用含有150mM NaCl和10mM咪唑的25mM HEPES(pH 7.5)洗涤树脂。用含有300mM咪唑的相同的缓冲液从树脂中洗脱sKLA。用20倍25mM Tris pH 8.0稀释洗脱的蛋白,并采用线性NaCl梯度(0–0.4M)进行阴离子交换色谱法(MonoQ 5/50GL,GE Healthcare)。浓缩含有sKLA的级分,并将其施加到用含有150mM NaCl的25mM HEPES(pH 7.5)平衡的Superose 6柱(GE Healthcare)。
GST融合蛋白的纯化:
使编码GST-融合蛋白(GST-FL、GST-R1和GST-R2)的质粒在BL21-Gold(DE3)感受态细胞(Agilent)中表达,并按照前人所述进行蛋白质纯化(Olsen,et al.,2004,Proc NatlAcad Sci U S A.101:935–940)。
对大肠杆菌中表达的FGF23变体的纯化:
使表达各种FGF23变体的质粒在大肠杆菌BL21 DE3细胞中表达。从包涵体中纯化配体,然后按照前人所述进行重折叠(Lin,al.,2007,J.Biol.Chem.282:27277–27284)。在肝素亲和HiTrap柱(GE Healthcare)上捕获重折叠的FGF23蛋白,使用线性NaCl梯度(0–2.0M)洗脱,并使用HiLoad 26/600Superdex 200(GE Healthcare)、用pH 7.5的含25mMHEPES和150mM NaCl的缓冲液进行尺寸排阻色谱法。
对FLAG标记的FGF23的纯化:
为了表达FLAG标记的FGF23或其变体,将质粒转染到Expi293F细胞(ThermoFisher Scientific)中,并根据制造商的方案在125ml烧瓶中的Expi293F表达培养基中培养。将细胞在表达培养基中维持6天,并且收集培养基并与抗FLAG M2琼脂糖亲和凝胶(Millipore Sigma)在4℃下孵育1小时。用20个柱体积的含有150mM NaCl的25mM HEPES(pH7.5)洗涤凝胶,并用pH 3.0的100mM甘氨酸洗脱配体。将洗脱的级分立即与1/10体积的1MTris-HCl(pH 8.0)混合。浓缩含有FGF23的级分,并将其施加到用含有150mM NaCl的25mMHEPES缓冲液(pH7.5)平衡的Superdex S200 Increase柱(GE Healthcare)柱作为最终纯化步骤。
对Fc-FGF23 C-尾部片段的纯化:
使与IgG1 Fc融合的FGF23的C-末端尾部片段在Expi293F细胞中表达(采用上文关于FLAG标记的FGF23的表达所描述的相同的方案)。使用蛋白A-琼脂糖凝胶(Protein A–Sepharose,Thermo Fisher Scientific)纯化蛋白,然后使用Superdex S200进行尺寸排阻色谱法。
细胞生长培养基:
使稳定共表达野生型FGFR1c和α-Klotho的HEK293细胞在补充有10% FBS、100U/ml青霉素-链霉素、0.1mg/ml潮霉素和1μg/ml嘌呤霉素的DMEM中生长。
使表达sKLA的HEK293 EBNA细胞在含有10%胎牛血清(FBS)、100U/mL青霉素-链霉素、250μg/mL G-418和200μg/mL潮霉素B的DMEM培养基中生长。
在细胞密度达到70-80%汇合后,将培养基更换为补充有100U/mL青霉素-链霉素的Pro293a-CDM(Lonza)。
使Expi293F细胞在Expi293表达培养基(Thermo Fisher Scientific)中生长。这些细胞用于Fc-融合FGF23 C-尾部蛋白和FLAG-FGF23分子的瞬时表达。使稳定表达α-Klotho-FGFR1c嵌合受体的L6细胞在补充有10% FBS、100U/mL青霉素-链霉素和0.5μg/ml嘌呤霉素的DMEM中生长。
生物层干涉测量法(Bio-Layer Interferometry,BLI)测量
采用生物层干涉测量法(BLI)研究了sKLA与各种形式的全长FGF23或与GST融合的FGF23的C-末端片段结合的动力学参数和解离常数。采用配备有抗小鼠IgG Fc(AMC)生物传感器的Octet RED96系统(Pall FortéBio)研究α-Klotho与FLAG标记的FGF23之间的相互作用。将5μg/ml的抗FLAG M2抗体(Millipore Sigma)加载到生物传感器尖端2min,在BLI缓冲液(25mM HEPES,150mM NaCl,pH 7.5,0.002% Tween-20,1mg/mL BSA)中洗涤60s,然后加载5μg/ml的FLAG标记的FGF23 4min。可选地,用5ug/ml与各种FGF23 C-末端片段融合的GST加载抗GST生物传感器尖端15s。随后,将加载了配体的传感器尖端浸入含有不同sKLA浓度——在2倍稀释度的BLI缓冲液中,范围从6.25nM至200nM——的微孔板孔中。在各结合周期(cycle)后,用10mM甘氨酸(pH 1.5)使传感器尖端再生。使用平行缓冲液对照扣除,参考所收集的数据,并使用制造商提供的FortéBio数据分析10.0软件将传感图整体拟合至1:1Langmuir结合模型。
哺乳动物细胞中表达的FGF23的去糖基化
按照制造商方案的指导,使用O-糖苷酶和α-(2→3,6,8,9)-神经氨酸酶(NewEngland BioLabs)在37℃下处理纯化的FGF23变体4h。
二硫桥的鸟枪法蛋白质组学鉴定
采用已公布的方法(Lu,et al.,2015,Nature Methods 12:329-331)进行二硫化物连接肽图谱绘制(mapping),并使用pLink软件鉴定这些肽(Chen,et al.,2019,NatureCommunications 10:3404)。简言之,通过按照标准的基于凝胶的消化方案(Shevchenko,etal.,2006,Nature Protocols 1:2856-2860)加以修改消化条件来处理凝胶带,其中使用pH6.5的10mM N-乙基马来酰亚胺(NEM)来避免二硫化物加扰(Lu,et al.,2015,NatureMethods 12:329-331)。在10ng/μL浓度下对凝胶带进行胰蛋白酶(Promega)消化过夜,并在5ng/uL下进行Glu-C(New England Biolab)消化8小时。每次LC-MS测量,采用前人描述的Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid质谱仪(Thermo Fisher Scientific)仪器上的鸟枪模式(Li,et al.,2019,J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 10.1007/s13361-019-02243-1),使用大约0.5μg肽消化物。对于pLink(Chen,et al.,2019,Nature Communications 10:3404)鉴定,指定了GluC和胰蛋白酶的组合,且最多允许3个漏切(miss cleavages),所有其它设置均保持默认值。MS/MS谱通过pLabel注释(Lu,et al.,2018,Biophys Rep 4:68-81)。
二硫桥的平行反应监视(PRM)定量
注射大肠杆菌产生的FGF23的肽样品,以通过PRM模式监视MS定量反应,从而对含有Cys206-Cys244(二硫化物连接的MTAPAPSCQE和GCRPFAK)的标准非漏切肽进行相对定量。通过Skyline(MacLean,et al.,2010,Bioinformatics 26:966-968)生成连接肽的理论MS1和MS2 m/z值,并导入到PRM方法中。隔离窗口(isolation window)设置为1.4m/z。PRM的Orbitrap分辨率设置为30,000,AGC目标为1.0e5,最大注射时间为150ms。使用2%(以28%为中心)的步进HCD碰撞能量(stepped HCD Collison energy)。将得到的PRM数据导入Skyline(MacLean,et al.,2010,Bioinformatics 26:966-968)进行手动检查。
有限的蛋白水解
在生产建议下,使用Proti-Ace试剂盒(Hampton Research)对哺乳动物细胞中产生的FGF23-WT和FGF23-CS进行了有限的蛋白水解。通过SDS-PAGE,然后考马斯蓝染色,分析消化的样品。
全内反射荧光显微术
对于单分子成像实验,根据制造商的使用说明,将L6细胞以每皿2.5×105个细胞的密度铺在35mm玻璃底皿(MatTek Corporation)上,并在次日使用Lipofectamine 3000试剂(Invitrogen)转染0.25μg HaloTag-α-Klotho质粒。用0.25μM Alexa488 HaloTag配体(Promega)在37℃下标记细胞15分钟,然后用不含酚红的DMEM培养基(成像培养基)洗涤3次。标记后,立即在37℃、5% CO2下,在装有Nikon Eclipse Ti2显微镜(Nikon)的笼形培养箱(OkoLab)中,使用CFI Plan Apochromat Lambda 100×/1.45Oil TIRF物镜和Prime95BcMOS照相机(110nm像素大小;Teledyne Photometrics)对细胞成像,该显微镜配备了带15mW LU-N4 488激光器的电动Ti-LA-HTIRF模块。在10Hz下,激光功率设置为100%,用100ms曝光时间采集图像。消逝场的穿透深度为约118nm。
自动化单颗粒跟踪
使用Matlab软件GaussStorm对颗粒进行定位和跟踪。简而言之,通过应用带通滤波器去除噪声,之后用高斯核卷积,然后选择高于阈值的像素来自动检测颗粒。然后用椭圆二维高斯函数拟合颗粒,得到表示成曲线下体积的其强度以及其亚像素精度的位置。使用跟踪算法逐帧跟踪颗粒,在连续帧之间有8个像素的跟踪窗口。使用单颗粒的位移分布来计算涵盖整个细胞的视场中的平均扩散系数。
实施例1:哺乳动物FGF23的C-末端尾部含有两个独立的α-Klotho结合区
与胞外区β-Klotho(KLB)结合的FGF19或FGF21的C-末端尾部(CT)的晶体结构揭示了沿跨越β-Klotho的糖苷水解酶样结构域D1和D2(也称为KL1和KL2结构域)的伸长界面的保守相互作用(Olsen,et al.,2004,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.101:935–940;Kuzina,etal.,2019,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.116:7819–7824)。缺乏46个C-末端氨基酸的FGF23缺失突变体显示出生物活性(Goetz,et al.,2010,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.107:407–412)。此缺失突变体被应用于含有α-Klotho的胞外区(sKLA)和FGFR1c胞外结构域的复合体的结构分析,揭示了主要与sKLA的D1的保守相互作用(Chen,et al.,2018,Nature 553:461–466)。对FGF19、FGF21和FGF23的一级结构的比较(图1A)表明,FGF19和21的C-末端尾部分别含有46个和34个氨基酸,而FGF23含有89个氨基酸的长C-末端尾部。对一级结构的检查表明,与FGF19和FGF21不同,FGF23的C-末端尾部包含两个同源的串联重复序列(图1B)。每个重复序列都含有对维持与D1(KL1)位点结合所必需的紧凑且刚性的结构至关重要的DPL/F基序,以及一簇与D2(KL2)位点结合的碱性残基,这表明单个FGF23分子可能具有两个单独的α-Klotho结合区。值得注意的是,尽管所有脊椎动物FGF23蛋白都有长的C-末端尾部,但只有哺乳动物具有与FGF19、21和23的Klotho结合区同源的第二个重复序列。(图1B、图5B)。
为了检查这两个FGF23重复序列中的每一个在α-Klotho结合和受体激活中的重要性,应用生物层干涉测量法(BLI)分析来测量每个重复序列独自的动力学参数和解离常数,或者FGF23的整个C-末端尾部对sKLA的动力学参数和解离常数。为此,在大肠杆菌中产生表达FGF23的全长(FL)尾部(氨基酸S180-I251)、第一重复序列R1(氨基酸S180-S205)或第二重复序列R2(氨基酸S212-T239)的GST融合蛋白(图6),并将其固定在BLI传感器上。在HEK293 EBNA细胞中产生sKLA,并将其用作BLI测量中的分析物(参见本文其它部分)。
BLI测量的结果(图1C)显示,具有每个单个重复序列或两个重复序列的GST融合蛋白以相似的动力学参数和15-20nM的解离常数(Kd)与sKLA结合(图1D),这表明R1和R2都起到α-Klotho的不同的真正(bona fide)配体的作用,且FGF23-WT具备两个不同的α-Klotho结合位点。
由于BLI测量清楚地显示FGF23的FL尾部以及R1和R2与sKLA形成稳定的复合体,接下来表达和纯化的是具有全长尾部的FGF23(FGF23-WT)、仅包含两个重复序列之一的FGF23变体即FGF23-R1和FGF23-R2,以及具有因DPL基序中点突变(R1是D188A,R2中是D222A)失活的一个或两个重复序列的FGF23变体(图2A),并检查了它们刺激细胞信号传导的能力。在37℃下用浓度增加的不同FGF23变体(如图2B-2H所示)刺激共表达FGFR1c和α-Klotho的HEK293细胞10分钟,并将未受刺激的细胞或配体刺激过的细胞的裂解物进行免疫印迹——采用抗pFRS2α抗体监测其磷酸化,以及采用抗pMAPK抗体和MAPK抗体分别监测MAPK刺激和MAPK表达。
图2B-2D所呈现的结果显示,FGF23-WT、FGF23-R1和FGF23-R2激活细胞信号传导的程度与FRS2α的酪氨酸磷酸化和MAPK反应的激活所揭示的程度相似(分别在0.5-1.0nM和0.1-0.5nM配体浓度下达到饱和)。相比之下,在用FGF23-R1 D188A突变体刺激的细胞中未检测到FRS2的酪氨酸磷酸化和MAPK反应(图2F)。有趣的是,FGF23 D188A这一具有失活R1和功能性R2的突变体刺激了FRS2α的酪氨酸磷酸化和MAPK反应的激活,其程度与FGF23-WT相同(图2G),这表明在全长C-末端尾部(与FGF部分相隔50个氨基酸)的情况下,FGF23能够只利用第二个重复序列(R2)进行α-Klotho结合和FGFR激活。不希望受到任何理论的限制,这一发现也提出了问题,即FGF23-R1/sKLA/FGFR1c三元复合体的晶体结构是否可以代表这样一个过于简单的图景(picture),该图景没有描述FGF23和α-Klotho之间相互作用的异质性。最后,在用FGF23处理的细胞中,其中R1和R2均因D188A/D222A双突变失活,FRS2α的酪氨酸磷酸化被完全消除,且MAPK激活几乎无法检测到(图2H)。
实施例2:FGF23的R2起到FGF23诱发的细胞信号传导的拮抗剂的作用
FGF23的C-末端区域与α-Klotho紧密结合,且由于其不与FGFR相互作用,因此它可能充当FGF23与α-Klotho结合的竞争者,从而作为FGF23诱发的细胞信号传导的抑制剂。全长C-末端肽和R1肽可在体外和体内都拮抗FGF23激活(Goetz,et al.,2010,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.107:407–412;Agoro,et al.,2018,The FASEB Journal.32:3752–3764)。
为了测试R2(S212-T239)是否对FGF23信号传导发挥类似的拮抗活性,以及为了将其效率与全长FGF23 C-尾部(S180-I251)或R1肽(S180-S205)的效率进行比较,使这些肽以Fc融合蛋白的形式表达并纯化,命名为Fc-FL、Fc-R1和Fc-R2(图3A-3B),并探索它们对FGF23诱发的刺激共表达α-Klotho和FGFR1c的HEK293细胞的作用。用浓度增加(如所示,图3C-3E)的个体Fc-融合蛋白孵育细胞,然后用FGF23-WT刺激10分钟。使来自未受刺激的细胞或受FGF23刺激的细胞的裂解物进行免疫印迹——用抗pMAPK抗体进行免疫印迹来测定MAPK反应,或用FGFR1和MAPK的抗体进行免疫印迹作为蛋白质加载的对照。图3C-3E中呈现的实验显示,在相似浓度(100-250nM)下,Fc-FL、Fc-R1和Fc-R2能够完全抑制FGF23诱发的MAPK刺激。这些结果表明,Fc-R2拮抗FGF23-WT诱发的MAPK反应,类似于Fc-R1或Fc-FL尾部的拮抗活性。Fc-R2抑制αKlotho-FGFR信号传导复合体形成的能力使其成为FGF23信号传导增多所致疾病的治疗剂(therapeutic)。
实施例3:侧接FGF23的R2的半胱氨酸残基形成二硫桥。
对来自不同物种的FGF23的氨基酸序列比对(图5A-5B)表明,在哺乳动物中,第二个重复序列(R2)侧接了两个半胱氨酸残基,例如,在人FGF23中是Cys206和Cys244(图3F)。为了确定这些半胱氨酸残基是否形成二硫桥,在大肠杆菌中表达了FGF23-WT,并在还原和非还原条件下通过SDS-PAGE分析了重折叠和纯化的蛋白质,与其中两个半胱氨酸均被丝氨酸残基取代的突变体FGF23(FGF23-CS)的情况进行了比较。
图3G中呈现的实验显示,在还原(R)条件下FGF23-WT在SDS-PAGE上作为有区别的单条带迁移,而在非还原条件(NR)下作为两个条带(用两个星号标记)迁移。另一方面,在还原和非还原条件两者下,FGF23-CS突变体在SDS-PAGE上都作为单个有区别的条带迁移。为了确定在非还原条件下FGF23-WT的两个条带中是否有一条含有分子内二硫键,从凝胶中切下两个条带中的每一个,进行胰蛋白酶和蛋白内切酶GluC消化,并通过质谱法分析以检测二硫化物连接肽。质谱法分析揭示了下面的条带(图3G,下面的星号,图7A-7B)含有在Cys206和Cys244之间有分子内二硫键的肽。在上面的条带的蛋白水解消化物中仅检测到痕量的这些肽(图3G,上面的星号,图7B)。虽然细菌中表达的大多数FGF23-WT在重折叠过程中被氧化,在Cys206和Cys244之间形成二硫键,但在大肠杆菌中表达的重折叠FGF23分子的亚群中,这两个半胱氨酸并未桥接。
接下来在Expi293F细胞中表达FLAG标记的FGF23-WT及其CS突变体(图3H),并使用亲和色谱法,随后进行尺寸排阻色谱法(参见本文其它部分)纯化两个配体。图3H中呈现的SDS-PAGE分析显示,在还原和非还原条件下,哺乳动物细胞中产生的FGF23-WT(FGF23-WT)作为两个有区别的条带迁移。与细菌表达不同,Expi293F细胞中表达的FGF23是O-糖基化的,并且在还原和非还原条件下通过SDS-PAGE可视化的两条有区别的条带揭示了FGF23-WT的不同糖基化形式,这已通过用O-糖苷酶和α-(2→3,6,8,9)-神经氨酸酶进行体外处理得到证实(图8B)。Expi293细胞中表达的FGF23-CS突变体(FGF23-CS)由于糖基化差异,在还原和非还原条件两者下均在SDS-PAGE上作为两个有区别的条带迁移(图8A-8B)。FGF23-CS的上面的条带比FGF23-WT的对应条带更模糊(图3H),表明糖基化模式存在潜在异质性。质谱法分析显示,Expi293F细胞中产生的FGF23含有带二硫桥——连接Cys206和Cys244——的肽。不希望受到任何理论的限制,因为有人提出O-连接糖基化使FGF23免受蛋白水解,所以有人询问Cys206-Cys244二硫化物桥接是否影响FGF23对蛋白水解消化的可及性(accessibility)。图9中呈现的实验显示了对FGF23-WT和CS突变体的有限蛋白水解实验的结果。使用Proti-Ace试剂盒(Hampton Research),按照制造商的方案,使用各种酶(如所示)对两种蛋白进行有限的蛋白水解。将消化的样品进行SDS-PAGE,然后进行考马斯蓝染色,以使消化产物可视化。根据经SDS-PAGE可视化的条带的模式,得出FGF23-WT和FGF23-CS的蛋白酶消化产物彼此相似,因此半胱氨酸Cys206-Cys244二硫化物桥接对FGF23的蛋白水解消化可及性没有主要影响的结论。
为了探索Cys206与Cys244二硫化物形成对FGF23与可溶性α-Klotho结合的作用,使用BLI测量来比较FGF23-WT与在Expi293F细胞中表达的FGF23-CS、FGF23 D188A和FGF23-CS D188A的动力学参数和解离常数。图10A中呈现的实验显示,全部四种FGF23变体都在13nM至18nM范围内对sKLA表现出相似的结合动力学和解离常数(表1)。此外,在FGF23-WT或FGF23-CS浓度增加的情况下对表达α-Klotho和FGFR1c的HEK293细胞的刺激,揭示了如下类似的特征(profile):FRS2α的酪氨酸磷酸化、MAPK反应,以及类似的由激活的MAPK引起的FGFR1c的丝氨酸磷酸化——一种导致配体刺激减弱的反馈机制(图10B-10C)。这些结果强调了氧化形式的R2与α-Klotho和FGFR1c形成三元活性复合体的能力。
表1.FGF23变体与sKLA的结合
*未检测到结合(BLI信号无变化)
实施例4:FGF23能够充当细胞膜上表达的α-Klotho分子的二价配体。
接下来检查单个FGF23-WT分子是否能够经由C-末端尾部的R1和R2区域与两个α-Klotho分子结合。换言之,本实验的非限制性目的是测试FGF23-WT作为位于细胞膜上的α-Klotho分子的二价配体起作用的能力。为了解决这个问题,构建了由与FGFR1的跨膜和胞质结构域融合的α-Klotho的胞外结构域组成的嵌合受体分子并使其在L6细胞中表达。在某些非限制性实施方式中,FGF23-WT可充当能够诱发嵌合受体分子二聚化、刺激其酪氨酸激酶活性并随后激活下游信号传导的二价配体。作为阳性对照,分析了特异性结合α-Klotho的胞外结构域的二聚Fc-纳米体(nonobody)和二聚Fc-R1融合蛋白的活性,以了解它们在这些细胞中刺激FRS2的酪氨酸磷酸化和MAPK反应的能力。表达嵌合α-Klotho-FGFR1c受体的细胞在37℃下用5或25nM的FGF23-WT、FGF23-R1、二价抗α-Klotho纳米体(Nb85-Fc)和Fc-R1刺激10分钟。使来自未受刺激的细胞或配体刺激过的细胞的裂解物进行SDS-PAGE分析,然后进行免疫印迹——采用抗pFRS2α抗体监测其磷酸化,抗pMAPK抗体监测MAPK刺激,或抗MAPK抗体和抗FGFR1抗体作为蛋白质加载的对照。图4D中呈现的实验表明,哺乳动物(左图)和大肠杆菌(右图)均产生的FGF23-WT以及二价α-Klotho纳米体和Fc-R1蛋白诱发了MAPK反应的稳健激活。相比之下,单价FGF23-R1变体(在大肠杆菌或哺乳动物细胞中产生)未能刺激MAPK反应。这些实验表明,FGF23-WT能够经由其C-末端尾部刺激位于细胞膜上的α-Klotho分子的二聚化(图10D)。
接下来使用单分子成像法研究FGF23刺激α-Klotho二聚化。通过用不透细胞的荧光HaloTag配体Alexa488标记与N-末端(胞外)HaloTag融合的α-Klotho,研究了α-Klotho分子在细胞膜上的可视化。对表达低水平HaloTag-α-Klotho的L6细胞用Alexa488进行了简要标记(在37℃下,15min.),并采用全内反射荧光(TIRF)显微术对个体荧光颗粒成像,以使细胞表面上的个体α-Klotho分子可视化。图4B显示了低表达细胞的代表性TIRF显微术图像,其中颗粒密度为0.21个颗粒/μm2,类似于受体二聚化的单分子成像研究中报道的密度(<0.45个颗粒/μm2)。自动检测和跟踪颗粒,以描绘它们在细胞表面上的运动(图4C)。与代表单分子的颗粒一致,它们通常在单个步骤中被光漂白(图4D)。未受刺激的细胞中颗粒的强度分布可用混合高斯模型拟合,该分布包括一个主峰,强度(498±16a.u.)类似于吸收到玻璃中的游离染料的强度(554±16a.u.;图11A-11C)——因此,可能对应于单体HaloTag-α-Klotho——以及一个次峰,大约两倍强度(973±129a.u)。不希望受任何理论的限制,这第二个较小的峰可以反映出基于单个轨道的强度,单体和二聚体之间随时间的动态平衡,其偶尔显示瞬时加倍(图12)。对记录的视觉检查也显示出颗粒的瞬时合并(图13),尽管由于光的衍射极限,这些明显的合并事件可能仅仅反映了颗粒的共定位,而不是它们的缔合。相比之下,当用FGF23-WT刺激细胞时,强度分布向右移动,第二个(即二聚体)峰(840±57a.u.)变得更加突出,并形成三倍于单体强度的第三个峰(1502±89vs.492±23a.u.)。除了FGF23-WT刺激诱发的颗粒强度的量化增加外,由颗粒的均方位移(MSD)计算得出的颗粒的扩散系数表明,由于FGF23-WT结合(1.53±0.050×10-9cm2·s-1)以及由于二聚抗-α-Klotho纳米体Nb85-Fc的结合(1.49±0.049×10-9cm2·s-1),而不是由于单价FGF23-R1或FGF23-R2变体(分别为1.95±0.059和1.91±0.065×10-9cm2·s-1),颗粒的扩散系数(平均值±SE=1.99±0.057×10-9cm2·s-1)类似地降低(降低22–23%,P<0.0001)。这些结果直接表明,FGF23-WT在活细胞表面上充当α-Klotho分子的二价配体。
本文引用的每篇专利、专利申请和出版物的公开内容特此通过引用以其整体并入本文。
虽然已经参考具体实施方式公开了本发明,但显然本领域其它技术人员可以设计出本发明的其它实施方式和变型而不脱离本发明的真实精神和范围。所附权利要求旨在被解释为包括所有这样的实施方式和等同变型。
序列表
<110> 耶鲁大学
<120> 用于抑制FGF23活性的组合物和方法
<130> 047162-7298WO1(01447)
<150> US 63/074,267
<151> 2020-09-03
<160> 34
<170> PatentIn版本3.5
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Ile Ala Phe Ser Gln Tyr Leu Gln Lys Cys Ser Tyr Asp Glu His Ala
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Asp Cys Cys Thr Lys Gln Glu Pro Glu Arg Asn Glu Cys Phe Leu Gln
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Glu Ala Met Cys Thr Ser Phe Lys Glu Asn Pro Thr Thr Phe Met Gly
145 150 155 160
His Tyr Leu His Glu Val Ala Arg Arg His Pro Tyr Phe Tyr Ala Pro
165 170 175
Glu Leu Leu Tyr Tyr Ala Glu Gln Tyr Asn Glu Ile Leu Thr Gln Cys
180 185 190
Cys Ala Glu Ala Asp Lys Glu Ser Cys Leu Thr Pro Lys Leu Asp Gly
195 200 205
Val Lys Glu Lys Ala Leu Val Ser Ser Val Arg Gln Arg Met Lys Cys
210 215 220
Ser Ser Met Gln Lys Phe Gly Glu Arg Ala Phe Lys Ala Trp Ala Val
225 230 235 240
Ala Arg Leu Ser Gln Thr Phe Pro Asn Ala Asp Phe Ala Glu Ile Thr
245 250 255
Lys Leu Ala Thr Asp Leu Thr Lys Val Asn Lys Glu Cys Cys His Gly
260 265 270
Asp Leu Leu Glu Cys Ala Asp Asp Arg Ala Glu Leu Ala Lys Tyr Met
275 280 285
Cys Glu Asn Gln Ala Thr Ile Ser Ser Lys Leu Gln Thr Cys Cys Asp
290 295 300
Lys Pro Leu Leu Lys Lys Ala His Cys Leu Ser Glu Val Glu His Asp
305 310 315 320
Thr Met Pro Ala Asp Leu Pro Ala Ile Ala Ala Asp Phe Val Glu Asp
325 330 335
Gln Glu Val Cys Lys Asn Tyr Ala Glu Ala Lys Asp Val Phe Leu Gly
340 345 350
Thr Phe Leu Tyr Glu Tyr Ser Arg Arg His Pro Asp Tyr Ser Val Ser
355 360 365
Leu Leu Leu Arg Leu Ala Lys Lys Tyr Glu Ala Thr Leu Glu Lys Cys
370 375 380
Cys Ala Glu Ala Asn Pro Pro Ala Cys Tyr Gly Thr Val Leu Ala Glu
385 390 395 400
Phe Gln Pro Leu Val Glu Glu Pro Lys Asn Leu Val Lys Thr Asn Cys
405 410 415
Asp Leu Tyr Glu Lys Leu Gly Glu Tyr Gly Phe Gln Asn Ala Ile Leu
420 425 430
Val Arg Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ala Pro Gln Val Ser Thr Pro Thr Leu Val
435 440 445
Glu Ala Ala Arg Asn Leu Gly Arg Val Gly Thr Lys Cys Cys Thr Leu
450 455 460
Pro Glu Asp Gln Arg Leu Pro Cys Val Glu Asp Tyr Leu Ser Ala Ile
465 470 475 480
Leu Asn Arg Val Cys Leu Leu His Glu Lys Thr Pro Val Ser Glu His
485 490 495
Val Thr Lys Cys Cys Ser Gly Ser Leu Val Glu Arg Arg Pro Cys Phe
500 505 510
Ser Ala Leu Thr Val Asp Glu Thr Tyr Val Pro Lys Glu Phe Lys Ala
515 520 525
Glu Thr Phe Thr Phe His Ser Asp Ile Cys Thr Leu Pro Glu Lys Glu
530 535 540
Lys Gln Ile Lys Lys Gln Thr Ala Leu Ala Glu Leu Val Lys His Lys
545 550 555 560
Pro Lys Ala Thr Ala Glu Gln Leu Lys Thr Val Met Asp Asp Phe Ala
565 570 575
Gln Phe Leu Asp Thr Cys Cys Lys Ala Ala Asp Lys Asp Thr Cys Phe
580 585 590
Ser Thr Glu Gly Pro Asn Leu Val Thr Arg Cys Lys Asp Ala Leu Ala
595 600 605
Arg Ser Trp Ser His Pro Gln Phe Glu Lys
610 615
<210> SEQ ID NO:8
<211> 72
<212> PRT
<213> 猕猴(Macaca mulatta)
<400> 8
Ser Ala Glu Asp Asp Ser Glu Arg Asp Pro Leu Asn Val Leu Lys Pro
1 5 10 15
Arg Ala Arg Met Thr Pro Ala Pro Ala Ser Cys Ser Gln Glu Leu Pro
20 25 30
Ser Ala Glu Asp Asn Ser Pro Val Ala Ser Asp Pro Leu Gly Val Val
35 40 45
Arg Gly Gly Arg Val Asn Thr His Ala Gly Gly Thr Gly Pro Glu Ala
50 55 60
Cys Arg Pro Phe Pro Lys Phe Ile
65 70
<210> SEQ ID NO:9
<211> 72
<212> PRT
<213> 马(Equus caballus)
<400> 9
Ser Ala Glu Asp Asn Ser Glu Arg Asp Pro Leu Asn Val Leu Lys Pro
1 5 10 15
Arg Pro Arg Met Thr Pro Ala Pro Ala Ser Cys Ser Gln Glu Leu Pro
20 25 30
Ser Ala Glu Asp Asn Ser Val Leu Ala Ser Asp Pro Leu Gly Val Val
35 40 45
Arg Gly Asn Arg Val Asn Thr His Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly Val Glu Arg
50 55 60
Cys Arg Pro Phe Pro Lys Phe Phe
65 70
<210> SEQ ID NO:10
<211> 72
<212> PRT
<213> 非洲象(Loxodonta africana)
<400> 10
Ser Ala Glu Asp Asp Ser Glu Arg Asp Pro Leu Asn Val Leu Lys Pro
1 5 10 15
Arg Pro Arg Met Thr Pro Ala Pro Ala Ser Cys Ser Gln Glu Leu Leu
20 25 30
Ser Ala Glu Asp Asn Ser Val Val Ala Asn Asp Pro Leu Gly Val Val
35 40 45
Arg Ser Asn Arg Val Asn Thr His Ala Gly Gly Ile Gly Val Glu Arg
50 55 60
Cys Arg Pro Phe Pro Lys Phe Ile
65 70
<210> SEQ ID NO:11
<211> 70
<212> PRT
<213> 牛(Bos taurus)
<400> 11
Ser Ala His Asp Ser Gly Asp Pro Leu Ser Val Leu Lys Pro Arg Ala
1 5 10 15
Arg Ala Thr Pro Val Pro Ala Ala Cys Ser Gln Glu Leu Pro Ser Ala
20 25 30
Glu Asp Ser Gly Pro Ala Ala Ser Asp Pro Leu Gly Val Leu Arg Gly
35 40 45
His Arg Leu Asp Val Arg Ala Gly Ser Ala Gly Ala Glu Arg Cys Arg
50 55 60
Pro Phe Pro Gly Phe Ala
65 70
<210> SEQ ID NO:12
<211> 71
<212> PRT
<213> 中华田园犬(Canis familiaris)
<400> 12
Ser Ala Glu Ala Pro Glu Arg Asp Pro Leu Asn Val Leu Lys Pro Arg
1 5 10 15
Pro Arg Leu Ala Pro Ala Pro Ala Ser Cys Ser Gln Glu Leu Pro Ser
20 25 30
Ala Glu Asp Pro Gly Ala Pro Ala Ser Asp Pro Leu Gly Val Leu Arg
35 40 45
Gly His Arg Ala Asn Ala Arg Ala Gly Gly Val Gly Val Asp Arg Cys
50 55 60
Arg Ala Phe Pro Thr Pro Ile
65 70
<210> SEQ ID NO:13
<211> 72
<212> PRT
<213> 小家鼠(Mus musculus)
<400> 13
Ser Ala Glu Asp Pro Pro Glu Arg Asp Pro Leu Asn Val Leu Lys Pro
1 5 10 15
Arg Pro Arg Ala Thr Pro Val Pro Val Ser Cys Ser Arg Glu Leu Pro
20 25 30
Ser Ala Glu Glu Gly Gly Pro Ala Ala Ser Asp Pro Leu Gly Val Leu
35 40 45
Arg Arg Gly Arg Gly Asp Ala Arg Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly Ala Asp Arg
50 55 60
Cys Arg Pro Phe Pro Arg Phe Val
65 70
<210> SEQ ID NO:14
<211> 72
<212> PRT
<213> 褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)
<400> 14
Ser Ala Glu Asp Pro Pro Glu Arg Asp Pro Leu Asn Val Leu Lys Pro
1 5 10 15
Arg Pro Arg Ala Thr Pro Ile Pro Val Ser Cys Ser Arg Glu Leu Pro
20 25 30
Ser Ala Glu Glu Gly Gly Pro Ala Ala Ser Asp Pro Leu Gly Val Leu
35 40 45
Arg Arg Gly Arg Gly Asp Ala Arg Arg Gly Ala Gly Gly Thr Asp Arg
50 55 60
Cys Arg Pro Phe Pro Arg Phe Val
65 70
<210> SEQ ID NO:15
<211> 72
<212> PRT
<213> 黄金仓鼠(Mesocricetus auratus)
<400> 15
Ser Ala Glu Asp Pro Pro Glu Trp Asp Pro Leu Asn Val Leu Lys Pro
1 5 10 15
Arg Pro Arg Ala Thr Pro Val Pro Val Ser Cys Ser Arg Glu Leu Pro
20 25 30
Ser Ala Glu Glu Gly Gly Pro Ala Ala Ser Asp Pro Leu Gly Val Leu
35 40 45
Arg Arg Gly Arg Gly Asp Ala Arg Gly Gly Thr Gly Gly Val Asp Arg
50 55 60
Cys Arg Pro Phe Pro Arg Phe Ala
65 70
<210> SEQ ID NO:16
<211> 71
<212> PRT
<213> 红原鸡(Gallus gallus)
<400> 16
Ser Ala Asp Val Asp Pro Leu Asp Pro His Gln Ile Leu Val Pro Gln
1 5 10 15
Arg Lys Val Ser Ala Leu Gly Ser Gln Leu Gln Leu Gln Met Asp Phe
20 25 30
Ser His Val Pro Arg Glu Pro Met Arg Val Asn Gln Asn Asp Val Val
35 40 45
Asn Pro Asp Asp Pro His Ala Met Met Asp Ala Arg Arg Tyr Ala Ser
50 55 60
Pro Arg Phe Tyr Ile Thr Arg
65 70
<210> SEQ ID NO:17
<211> 72
<212> PRT
<213> 密西西比鳄(Alligator mississippiensis)
<400> 17
Asn Ala Asp Ile Asp Pro Met Asp Pro His Gln Met Leu Ile Pro Gln
1 5 10 15
Arg Lys Ile Ser Ala Val Gln Ala Leu Pro Gln Arg Phe Gln Ser Asn
20 25 30
Phe Ala His Leu Pro Arg Glu Pro Met Arg Phe Asn Pro Asn Asp Val
35 40 45
Val Asn Pro Asp Asp Pro His Ser Met Met Asp Ala Arg Arg His Ala
50 55 60
Ser Pro Arg Phe Tyr Ile Thr Arg
65 70
<210> SEQ ID NO:18
<211> 68
<212> PRT
<213> 非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)
<400> 18
Ser Val Asp Asp Phe Ser Asp Pro Asn Arg Ile Ile Thr Pro Arg Lys
1 5 10 15
Thr Gly Trp Asp Tyr Ala Ala Pro Asn His Asn Pro Phe Gln Asp Val
20 25 30
Trp Leu Pro His Pro Lys Gly Pro Val Arg Ile Asn His Asn Asp Met
35 40 45
Val Asp Pro Asp Asp Pro Asp Gly Ile Val Lys Phe Lys Gly Gln Arg
50 55 60
His Phe Lys Arg
65
<210> SEQ ID NO:19
<211> 73
<212> PRT
<213> 斑马鱼(Danio rerio)
<400> 19
Asn Arg Gln Val Asn Pro Thr Asp Pro Leu Asn Ala Leu Arg Tyr Ala
1 5 10 15
Glu Glu Ser Asp Ser Arg Ala Ala Gln Glu Asp Asp Gly Asp Met Asp
20 25 30
Phe Glu Pro Ser Glu Gly Gln Asn Ile Ser Arg Glu Thr Leu Val Ser
35 40 45
Pro Ser Asp Asp Asp Pro Trp Asp Leu Leu His Asp Thr Ser Pro Gly
50 55 60
Ser Pro Arg Ile Ala Ala Ile Val Gly
65 70
<210> SEQ ID NO:20
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 20
Ala Pro Ala Ser Cys Ser Gln Glu Leu Pro
1 5 10
<210> SEQ ID NO:21
<211> 9
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 21
Pro Ala Ser Cys Ser Gln Glu Leu Pro
1 5
<210> SEQ ID NO:22
<211> 8
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 22
Ala Ser Cys Ser Gln Glu Leu Pro
1 5
<210> SEQ ID NO:23
<211> 7
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 23
Ser Cys Ser Gln Glu Leu Pro
1 5
<210> SEQ ID NO:24
<211> 6
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 24
Cys Ser Gln Glu Leu Pro
1 5
<210> SEQ ID NO:25
<211> 5
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 25
Ser Gln Glu Leu Pro
1 5
<210> SEQ ID NO:26
<211> 4
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 26
Gln Glu Leu Pro
1
<210> SEQ ID NO:27
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 27
Gly Pro Glu Gly Cys Arg Pro Phe Ala Lys Phe
1 5 10
<210> SEQ ID NO:28
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 28
Gly Pro Glu Gly Cys Arg Pro Phe Ala Lys
1 5 10
<210> SEQ ID NO:29
<211> 9
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 29
Gly Pro Glu Gly Cys Arg Pro Phe Ala
1 5
<210> SEQ ID NO:30
<211> 8
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 30
Gly Pro Glu Gly Cys Arg Pro Phe
1 5
<210> SEQ ID NO:31
<211> 7
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 31
Gly Pro Glu Gly Cys Arg Pro
1 5
<210> SEQ ID NO:32
<211> 6
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 32
Gly Pro Glu Gly Cys Arg
1 5
<210> SEQ ID NO:33
<211> 5
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 33
Gly Pro Glu Gly Cys
1 5
<210> SEQ ID NO:34
<211> 4
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 化学合成的
<400> 34
Gly Pro Glu Gly
1
Claims (29)
1.非天然可溶性构建体,其包括与SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸212-239具有至少90%同一性的氨基酸序列或其生物活性片段。
2.根据权利要求1所述的构建体,其包括SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸212-239或其生物活性片段。
3.根据权利要求2所述的构建体,其包括SEQ ID NO:5的氨基酸212-239。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的构建体,其与稳定性增强结构域融合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的构建体,其中所述稳定性增强结构域包括白蛋白、硫氧还蛋白、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和/或抗体的Fc区中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的构建体,其中所述Fc区是IgG Fc。
7.根据权利要求6所述的构建体,其中所述Fc区是人免疫球蛋白1(IgG1)、人免疫球蛋白2(IgG2)、人免疫球蛋白3(IgG3)和/或人免疫球蛋白4(IgG4)的Fc结构域。
8.根据权利要求4-7中任一项所述的构建体,其中所述稳定性增强结构域与所述多肽的N-末端融合。
9.根据权利要求4-7中任一项所述的构建体,其中所述稳定性增强结构域与所述多肽的C-末端融合。
10.根据权利要求4-9中任一项所述的构建体,其中所述稳定性增强结构域与所述多肽直接融合。
11.根据权利要求4-10中任一项所述的构建体,其中所述稳定性增强结构域通过接头与所述多肽融合。
12.根据权利要求11所述的构建体,其中所述接头包括约1-18个氨基酸和/或1-20个(乙二醇和/或丙二醇)单元。
13.根据权利要求11-12中任一项所述的构建体,其中与所述多肽的N-末端融合的所述接头的C-末端不是下列之一:APASCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:20)、PASCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:21)、ASCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:22)、SCSQELP(SEQ ID NO:23)、CSQELP(SEQ ID NO:24)、SQELP(SEQID NO:25)、QELP(SEQ ID NO:26)、ELP、LP、P。
14.根据权利要求11-12中任一项所述的构建体,其中与所述多肽的C-末端融合的所述接头的N-末端不是下列之一:GPEGCRPFAKF(SEQ ID NO:27)、GPEGCRPFAK(SEQ ID NO:28)、GPEGCRPFA(SEQ ID NO:29)、GPEGCRPF(SEQ ID NO:30)、GPEGCRP(SEQ ID NO:31)、GPEGCR(SEQ ID NO:32)、GPEGC(SEQ ID NO:33)GPEG(SEQ ID NO:34)、GPE、GP、G。
15.权利要求1-14中任一项所述的构建体,其是聚乙二醇化的、至少部分甲基化的和/或C-末端酰胺化的。
16.核酸序列,其编码权利要求1-15中任一项所述的构建体。
17.载体,其包括权利要求16所述的核酸序列。
18.根据权利要求17所述的载体,其是表达载体。
19.根据权利要求17-18中任一项所述的载体,其是自主复制型或整合型哺乳动物细胞载体。
20.细胞、多个细胞或多种细胞,其包含权利要求16所述的核酸或权利要求17-19中任一项所述的载体。
21.治疗、改善和/或预防哺乳动物中内分泌FGF相关疾病或障碍的方法,所述方法包括向所述哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的权利要求1-15中任一项所述的构建体。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述构建体防止或最小化FGF23与α-Klotho在所述哺乳动物的细胞的表面上的结合。
23.根据权利要求21-22中任一项所述的方法,其中所述疾病或障碍包括低磷酸盐血症和/或肿瘤诱发的骨软化。
24.根据权利要求21-23中任一项所述的方法,其中所述哺乳动物是人。
25.权利要求21-24中任一项所述的方法,其中所述构建体通过选自下列的施用途径施用:吸入、口服、直肠、阴道、肠胃外、颅内、局部、经皮、肺、鼻内、颊、眼、鞘内和静脉内。
26.根据权利要求21-24中任一项所述的方法,其中权利要求1-15中任一项所述的构建体或其前体被递送到经编码的载体上,其中所述载体编码所述构建体或其前体,并且在向所述对象施用所述载体后,所述构建体从所述载体转录和翻译。
27.根据权利要求21-26中任一项所述的方法,其中所述哺乳动物还被施用至少一种治疗或预防所述疾病和/或障碍的另外的药物。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述构建体和所述至少一种另外的药物被共同施用。
29.根据权利要求27-28中任一项所述的方法,其中所述构建体和所述至少一种另外的药物被共同配制。
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PCT/US2021/048915 WO2022051536A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 | 2021-09-02 | Compositions and methods for inhibiting fgf23 activity |
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US20110195077A1 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-11 | Novartis Ag | Methods and compositions using fgf23 fusion ppolypeptides |
US9657075B2 (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2017-05-23 | New York University | Chimeric fibroblast growth factor 23 proteins and methods of use |
CN106456714A (zh) * | 2014-03-28 | 2017-02-22 | 纽约大学 | Fgf23融合蛋白 |
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