CN116507335A - 用于治疗病毒感染的atr抑制剂 - Google Patents
用于治疗病毒感染的atr抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116507335A CN116507335A CN202180072721.1A CN202180072721A CN116507335A CN 116507335 A CN116507335 A CN 116507335A CN 202180072721 A CN202180072721 A CN 202180072721A CN 116507335 A CN116507335 A CN 116507335A
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Abstract
本发明包含ATR抑制剂,其用于单独或与一种或多种另外的治疗剂组合治疗冠状病毒感染,包括COVID‑19。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供共济失调毛细血管扩张(ataxia telangiectasia)和Rad3相关蛋白(ATR)抑制剂在治疗冠状病毒感染中的用途,所述感染包括SARS-CoV感染,诸如COVID-19。
背景技术
ATR激酶是参与对某些形式的DNA损伤(例如双链断裂和复制压力)的细胞应答的蛋白激酶。ATR激酶与ATM(“共济失调毛细血管扩张突变”)激酶和许多其他蛋白作用,以调节细胞对双链DNA断裂和复制压力的应答,通常被称为DNA损伤应答(“DDR”)。DDR刺激DNA修复,促进存活和通过激活细胞周期检查点来阻滞细胞周期进程,这为修复提供时间。没有DDR,细胞对DNA损伤敏感得多,并易于因由内源性细胞过程(诸如DNA复制)或通常在癌症疗法中使用的外源性DNA破坏剂诱导的DNA损伤而死亡。
ATR在各种癌症细胞类型中上调,并在DNA修复、细胞周期进程和生存中发挥关键作用,它由在DNA复制相关压力期间引起的DNA损伤激活。共济失调毛细血管扩张和rad3相关(ATR)激酶的抑制剂防止ATR-检查点激酶1(Chk1)信号传递通路中的ATR介导的信号传递。这防止DNA损伤检查点激活,破坏DNA损伤修复,并诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。ATR抑制剂正处于对各种实体肿瘤的临床开发中,所述实体肿瘤例如小细胞癌、尿路上皮癌和卵巢癌。
冠状病毒
冠状病毒(CoV)为巢状病毒目(Nidovirales),冠状病毒科(Coronaviridae)的正义单链RNA(ssRNA)病毒。冠状病毒有四个亚型,α、β、γ和δ,其中α冠状病毒和β冠状病毒主要感染哺乳动物,包括人类。在过去二十年里,已出现三种重要的新型冠状病毒,其从非人类哺乳动物宿主中跳出来感染人类:2002年出现的严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS-CoV-1)、2012年出现的中东呼吸综合征(MERS-CoV)和2019年底出现的COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2)。截至2020年十月中旬,已知超过四千万人已经感染,并且超过一百万人已死亡。这两个数字可能都代表对该疾病造成的破坏的显著低估。
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2与2002年3月SARS流行的致病物SARS-CoV-1非常相似(Fung等人,Annu.Rev.Microbiol.2019.73:529–57)。在大约15%的感染SARS-CoV-2的患者中已报告了严重的疾病,所述患者中的三分之一进展为危重疾病(例如呼吸衰竭、休克或多器官功能障碍(Siddiqi等人,J.Heart和Lung Trans.(2020),doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.03.012;Zhou等人,Lancet 2020;395:1054–62.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3)。对由SARS-CoV-2触发的病毒发病机制和免疫应答的充分了解,对于抗病毒治疗和支持性护理之外的治疗性干预的合理设计将是极为重要的。关于COVID-19影响发病人的健康的各种方式,仍有许多正在被发现。
截至2020年6月,冠状病毒疾病2019(COVID-19)的病因物严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)-冠状病毒-2(CoV-2)已经引起影响全世界近八百万人的大流行,病例死亡率为2-4%。病毒具有高传播率,可能与高早期病毒载量及缺乏预存免疫力相关(He等人,Nat Med2020 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5)。它引起严重的疾病,特别是在老年人中和在有共病的个体中。COVID-19的全球负担是巨大的,并且治疗方法对解决该疾病越来越必需。直觉性的抗病毒方法,包括为包膜RNA病毒如HIV-1(洛匹那韦+利托那韦)和埃博拉病毒(瑞德西韦)开发的那些,已在测试中作为试验性药物实施(Grein等人,NEJM 2020https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2007016;Cao等人,NEJM 2020 DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2001282)。但是鉴于许多具有严重疾病的患者表现出免疫病变,还正在考虑宿主导向的免疫调节性方法,以分阶段的方法,或与伴随抗病毒剂一起(Metha等人,The Lancet2020;395(10229)DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0,Stebbing等人,Lancet Infect Dis 2020.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30132-8)。
尽管存在许多被考虑用于治疗COVID-19的疗法,但至今尚未有获准的药来治疗该疾病,且没有疫苗可用。迄今为止,治疗一般仅由对症管理、氧气疗法、对呼吸衰竭的患者的机械通气的可用的临床主要手段组成。因此,存在对新型疗法的迫切需要,以解决SARS-CoV-2感染周期的不同阶段(Siddiqi等人)。
人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)
人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)(也是人类β疱疹病毒5(HHV-5)、巨细胞病毒(ZMV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV))为包膜双链DNA病毒(dsDNA),属于疱疹病毒科(Herpesviridae),巨细胞病毒属(Cytomegalovirus),并且分布在全世界。传播经由唾液、尿液、精液分泌物和在输血期间发生。
人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)为免疫抑制的个体中出生缺陷和机会性感染的主要原因,以及某些癌症中可能的辅助因子,处于免疫抑制疗法下的器官移植患者处于病毒感染的高风险;潜伏病毒的激活以及供体或社区获得的原发性感染可引起重大并发症,包括移植物排异、发病和死亡。疱疹病毒(例如HCMV、HSVl)、多瘤病毒(例如BKV和JCV)、肝炎病毒(HBV和HCV)和呼吸道病毒(例如甲流、腺病毒)为感染这些患者的4种主要病毒类型。巨细胞病毒(HCMV)为最常见的移植后病原体,HCMV可感染大多数器官,和尽管HCMV抗病毒剂(诸如阿昔洛韦或更昔洛韦)可用,但肾毒性副作用和不断增加的耐药率显著减少移植物和患者存活。此外,HCMV介导的免疫调节可再激活大多数成人携带的不同潜伏病毒。
附图说明
图1显示描绘化合物1对感染MERS的Calu-3细胞中的病毒复制(红点)和对细胞活力(黑点)的影响的图。
图2显示描绘化合物1对感染SARS-CoV-1的Calu-3细胞中的病毒复制(红点)和对细胞活力(黑点)的影响的图。
图3显示描绘化合物1对感染SARS-CoV-2的Calu-3细胞中的病毒复制(红点)和对细胞活力(黑点)的影响的图。
图4显示描绘瑞德西韦对感染SARS-CoV-2的Calu-3细胞中的病毒复制(红点)和对细胞活力(黑点)的影响的图。
图5显示描绘化合物1对感染巨细胞病毒的人类包皮成纤维细胞中的病毒复制(黑点)和对细胞活力(灰色方块)的影响的图。
图6显示描绘阿昔洛韦对感染巨细胞病毒的人类包皮成纤维细胞中的病毒复制(黑点)和对细胞活力(灰色方块)的影响的图。
图7显示描绘化合物1对感染巨细胞病毒的人类包皮成纤维细胞中的病毒复制(黑点)和对细胞活力(灰色方块)的影响的图。
发明内容
在第一实施方案中,本发明提供用于在需要其的受试者中治疗病毒感染的本发明的ATR抑制剂。在该实施方案的一个方面中,病毒感染为单链RNA病毒感染。在该实施方案的另一个方面中,病毒感染为冠状病毒感染。在该实施方案的进一步方面中,病毒感染为SARS-CoV1、MERS-CoV或SARS-CoV-2感染。在该实施方案的最后的方面中,病毒感染为SARS-CoV-2感染。
第二实施方案为在需要其的受试者中治疗冠状病毒感染的方法,其包含向受试者施用有效量的ATR抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐。在该实施方案的一个方面中,施用化合物
减少受试者中病毒载量。在该实施方案的一个方面中,在COVID-19肺炎发展前施用ATR抑制剂。在该实施方案的进一步方面中,受试者患有轻度至中度的SARS-CoV-2感染。在该实施方案的另外的方面中,受试者在施用方案开始时为无症状的。
在进一步的实施方案中,病毒感染为双链DNA病毒感染。在该实施方案的另一个方面中,病毒感染为HCMV感染。优选的实施方案为在需要其的受试者中治疗巨细胞病毒感染的方法,其包含向受试者施用有效量的ATR抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐。在该实施方案的一个方面中,施用化合物
减少受试者中病毒载量。
本专利申请的发明还可被概括如下:用于治疗冠状病毒感染的ATR抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐。ATR抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐在制造用于治疗冠状病毒感染的药剂中的用途。用于治疗巨细胞病毒感染的ATR抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐。ATR抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐在制造用于治疗巨细胞病毒感染的药剂中的用途。
具体实施方式
冠状病毒包含各种各样的包膜正链RNA病毒,其造成几种人类疾病,最值得注意的是在2003和2020年的严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)流行。
主要靶向呼吸道细胞的高传染性禽γ-冠状病毒——传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)可通过在感染的细胞中诱导细胞周期停滞在G2和S期来抑制细胞生长(Dove B.等人:Cellcycle perturbations induced by infection with the coronavirus infectiousbronchitis virus and their effect on virus replication.J.Virol.80,4147–4156,2006;Li,F.Q.等人:Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by the coronavirusinfectious bronchitis virus in the absence of p53.Virology 365,435–445,2007)。Xu等人已显示细胞DNA损伤应答的激活是冠状病毒利用来诱导细胞周期停滞的机制之一,并且通过化学抑制剂和siRNA-介导的ATR敲除而抑制ATR激酶活性减少了IBV-诱导的ATR信号传递并抑制了IBV的复制(Xu L.H.等人:Coronavirus Infection Induces DNAReplication Stress Partly through Interaction of Its Nonstructural Protein13with the p125Subunit of DNA Polymerase J Biol Chem 286:39546-39559,2011).
最近的论文已表明SARS-CoV-2病毒载量、症状严重程度和病毒散发(viralshedding)之间的相关性(He等人;Liu等人,Lancet Infect Dis2020.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30232-2)。在症状发作时施用以减弱冠状病毒复制的一些抗病毒药正处于测试阶段(Grein等人;Taccone等人),但迄今为止尚未有一种抗病毒药显示出许多前景。能够在感染早期阶段减慢病毒繁殖可使得受试者能够避免严重的疾病。
据信,本发明的化合物通过抑制病毒诱导的细胞DNA损伤应答的激活来抑制冠状病毒诱导的DNA损伤应答和冠状病毒在宿主中的复制。据设想,本发明的化合物可抑制核酸复制、病毒组装、新病毒颗粒运输和/或病毒释放。施用本发明的化合物的结果为减少病毒复制,这反过来将会减少病毒载量以及减少疾病的严重程度。
无论本发明化合物的抗病毒特性的确切作用机制如何,据提议,其施用将具有一种或多种临床益处,如本文进一步所述。
“COVID-19”为由SARS-CoV-2感染引起的疾病的名称。尽管注意用准确的术语描述感染和疾病两者,但“COVID-19”和“SARS-CoV-2感染”意指大致等价的术语。
截至本申请撰写时,COVID-19患者/症状的严重程度的确定和特征尚未明确确立。然而,在本发明的上下文中,当受试者表现为无症状的或具有较不严重的临床症状(例如低度或无发热(<39.1℃)、咳嗽、轻度至中度的不适)而没有肺炎迹象并且通常不需要医疗看护时,发生“轻度至中度的”COVID-19。当提及“中度至重度的”感染时,通常患者表现有更严重临床症状(例如发热>39.1℃、呼吸急促、持续咳嗽、肺炎等等)。如本文使用的“中度至重度的”感染一般需要医疗干预,包括住院。在疾病进展期间,受试者可从“轻度至中度的”转变到“中度至重度的”,并在一场感染过程中再次转变回来。
使用本发明的方法的COVID-19治疗包括在感染的任何阶段施用有效量的本发明的ATR抑制剂,以预防或减少与其相关的症状。一般地,受试者在明确诊断和表现出与SARS-CoV2感染一致的症状后将会被施用有效量的本发明的ATR抑制剂,并且施用将会减少感染的严重程度和/或预防感染向更严重的状态进展。这种施用后的临床益处更详细地在下面的章节中进行描述。
1.化合物和定义
一个实施方案是使用化合物
3-[3-(4-甲基氨基甲基-苯基)-异噁唑-5-基]-5-[4-(丙烷-2-磺酰基)-苯基]-吡嗪-2-基胺(下文中也被称为“化合物1”),
或其药学上可接受的盐用于治疗病毒感染。
化合物1在WO 2010/071837 A1中公开为化合物IIA-7(实施例57A)。
以上化合物可以以其游离形式或作为药学上可接受的盐使用。通过与酸反应,例如通过等量的碱和酸在惰性溶剂(诸如乙醇)中的反应,和随后的蒸发,游离化合物可转化成相关的酸加成盐。适合于该反应的酸特别是产生生理学上可接受的盐的那些,例如卤化氢(例如氯化氢、溴化氢或碘化氢)、其他矿物酸及其相应的盐(例如硫酸盐、硝酸盐或磷酸盐等等)、烷基和单芳基磺酸盐(例如乙二磺酸盐(ethanedisulfonate)(乙二磺酸盐(edisylate))、甲苯磺酸盐、萘-2-磺酸盐(萘磺酸盐)、苯磺酸盐)和其他有机酸及其相应的盐(例如富马酸盐、草酸盐、乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、苯甲酸盐、水杨酸盐、抗坏血酸盐等等。
药学上可接受的无毒酸加成盐的示例性的实施方案为氨基与无机酸(诸如盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硫酸和高氯酸)或与有机酸(诸如乙酸、草酸、马来酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸或丙二酸)或者通过使用本领域使用的其他方法(诸如离子交换)而形成的盐。其他药学上可接受的盐包括己二酸盐、海藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、乙醇酸盐、葡糖酸盐、乙醇酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基-乙磺酸盐、乳糖酸盐、乳酸盐、月桂酸盐、月桂基硫酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、扑酸盐(palmoate)、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、p-甲苯磺酸盐、十一酸盐、戊酸盐等等。
在一个实施方案中,化合物1以如WO 2013/049726 A2的实施例10至14中所述的其结晶形式之一的形式使用。优选地,结晶形式为如实施例10中所述的化合物1的游离碱或如实施例11中所述的其盐酸盐。这样的形式为:
化合物1的固体形式,其中该形式为具有单斜晶系和P21/n空间群的结晶化合物1游离碱,这样的固体形式当在120K下测量时具有以下以为单位的单位晶胞尺寸:这样的固体形式的特征在于如通过热重测定(TGA)分析确定的在约25℃至约215℃的温度范围内约1.9%的重量损失,
这样的固体形式的特征在于在使用Cu Kα辐射获得的X射线粉末衍射图中在约14.2、25.6、18.1、22.0和11.1度处以2θ±0.2表示的一个或多个峰,
这样的固体形式被表征为具有与WO 2013/049726 A2的图la中显示的基本上相同的X射线粉末衍射图;
化合物1的固体形式,其中该形式为结晶化合物1·HC1,这样的固体形式具有单斜晶系和P21/n空间群,
这样的固体形式的特征在于如通过热重测定(TGA)分析确定的在约25℃至约100℃的温度范围内约1.1%的重量损失,以及特征在于在约110℃至约240℃的温度范围内约0.8%的进一步重量损失,这样的固体形式的特征在于在使用Cu Kα辐射获得的X射线粉末衍射图中在约13.5,28.8,15.0,18.8,和15.4度处以2θ±0.2表示的一个或多个峰,
这样的固体形式被表征为具有与WO 2013/049726 A2的图lb中显示的基本上相同的X射线粉末衍射图。
此外,除非另外说明,否则本文描绘的结构也意指包括仅在一种或多种同位素富集原子的存在方面存在差异的化合物。例如,具有本结构的包括用氘或氚代替氢或者用富集13C或14C的碳代替碳的化合物在本发明的范围内。在一些实施方案中,该基团包含一个或多个氘原子。
2.用途、制剂和施用
如本文所使用的,术语“患者”或“受试者”意指动物,优选为人类。然而,“受试者”可包括伴侣动物,诸如狗和猫。在一个实施方案中,受试者为成年人类患者。在另一个实施方案中,受试者为儿科患者。儿科患者包括在治疗开始时在18岁以下的任何人类。成年患者包括在治疗开始时为18岁及以上的任何人类。在一个实施方案中,受试者为高风险组的成员,诸如年龄超过65岁、任何年龄的免疫受损的人类、患有慢性肺部病况(诸如哮喘、COPD、囊性纤维化等)的人类以及患有其他共病的人类。在该实施方案的一个方面中,其他共病为肥胖、糖尿病和/或高血压。
本发明的组合物以口服、胃肠外、通过吸入喷雾、局部、直肠、鼻腔、口颊、阴道或经由植入的储库施用。优选地。该组合物口服施用。在一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物的口服制剂为片剂或胶囊形式。在另一个实施方案中,口服制剂为可经由口或鼻胃管给予需要其的受试者的溶液或悬浮液。本发明的任何口服制剂可与食物一起或不与食物一起施用。在一些实施方案中,本发明的药学上可接受的组合物在没有食物的情况下施用。在其他实施方案中,本发明的药学上可接受的组合物与食物一起施用。
本发明的药学上可接受的组合物以任何口服可接受的剂量形式口服施用。示例性的口服剂量形式为胶囊、片剂、水性悬浮液或溶液。在用于口服用途的片剂的情况下,通常使用的载体包括乳糖和玉米淀粉。一般也添加润滑剂(诸如硬脂酸镁)。对于以胶囊形式的口服施用,有用的稀释剂包括乳糖和干玉米淀粉。当需要水性悬浮液用于口服用途时,活性成分与乳化剂和悬浮剂组合。如果期望,还可任选地添加某些甜味剂、调味剂或着色剂。
任选地与载体材料组合来产生呈单剂量形式的组合物的本发明化合物的量将取决于所治疗的宿主、特定施用模式而变化。优选地,所提供组合物应被配制成使得可向接受这些组合物的患者施用介于0.01-100mg/kg体重/天的化合物的剂量。
在一个实施方案中,向需要其的受试者施用的ATR抑制剂的总量在约20mg至约2000mg之间,其可每天一至四次到每周一次地进行应用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,施用的ATR抑制剂的总量在每天约50mg至约350mg之间,并且优选每天一次地施用。
在另一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂每天一次地施用。在该实施方案的另一个方面中,ATR抑制剂每天两次地施用。
在以上实施方案的任一个中,将ATR抑制剂施用约7天至约28天的时间段。在任何以上实施方案的一个方面中,将ATR抑制剂施用约14天。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,受试者罹患COVID-19肺炎。在本发明的一个实施方案中,受试者罹患一种或多种症状,其选自胸闷、咳嗽、血氧饱和度(SpO2)水平低于94%、呼吸急促、呼吸困难、发热、发冷、反复发抖伴有发冷、肌肉疼痛和/或无力、头痛、嗓子痛和/或味觉或嗅觉的新近丧失。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,受试者正在医院环境中住院治疗。在另一个实施方案中,受试者正在门诊环境中治疗。在前述实施方案的一个方面中,受试者可在从自住院的医院环境接受治疗转变至门诊环境后继续ATR抑制剂的施用。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂的施用导致一种或多种临床益处。在该实施方案的一个方面中,一种或多种临床益处选自:减少住院的持续时间,减少在加护病房(ICU)的持续时间,减少受试者进入ICU的可能性,减少死亡率,减少需要透析的肾衰竭的可能性,减少被置于非侵入性或侵入性机械通气的可能性,减少恢复时间,减少将需要补充氧气的可能性,在没有机械干预的情况下改善或正常化周围毛细血管氧饱和度(SpO2水平),如通过胸部成像(例如CT或胸部X射线)确定的减少肺炎的严重程度,减少细胞因子产生,减少急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的严重程度,减少发展ARDS的可能性,COVID-19肺炎的临床解决以及改善受试者中PaO2/FiO2比率。
在另一个实施方案中,一种或多种临床益处包括在没有机械通气或体外膜肺氧合的情况下改善或正常化受试者中周围毛细血管氧饱和度(SpO2水平)。
在进一步的实施方案中,一种或多种临床益处为减少住院的可能性,减少进入ICU的可能性,减少插管(侵入性机械通气)的可能性,减少将需要补充氧气的可能性,减少住院时长,减少死亡的可能性和/或减少复发的可能性,包括再住院可能性。
本发明还提供在需要其的受试者中治疗病毒感染的方法,其包含向受试者施用有效量的本发明的化合物。有效治疗或抑制病毒感染的量是与未治疗的对照受试者相比较,将会引起病毒感染的一种或多种表现减少的量,所述表现诸如病毒损伤、病毒载量、病毒产生率和死亡率。
本发明的一个实施方案为在需要其的受试者中治疗冠状病毒感染的方法,其包含向受试者施用有效量的ATR抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐。在该实施方案的一个方面中,受试者感染SARS-CoV-2。在该实施方案的另一个方面中,ATR抑制剂的施用导致受试者中病毒载量的减少。
在一个实施方案中,在COVID-19肺炎发展之前施用ATR抑制剂。在另一个实施方案中,受试者具有轻度至中度的SARS-CoV-2感染。在进一步的实施方案中,受试者在施用方案开始时为无症状的。在另一个实施方案中,受试者已经与已被诊断为SARS-CoV-2感染的患者有已知接触。在另外的实施方案中,受试者在被正式诊断为COVID-19之前开始ATR抑制剂的施用。
一个实施方案为治疗患COVID-19的受试者的方法,其包含向受试者施用有效量的ATR抑制剂。在该实施方案的一个方面中,受试者先前已接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗,并发展疫苗相关的感染恶化,例如抗体依赖性增强或相关抗体介导的疫苗/抗体相关的恶化机制。
在以上实施方案的任一个中,ATR抑制剂的施用导致对受试者的一种或多种临床益处。在该实施方案的一个方面中,一种或多种临床益处为缩短感染的持续时间,减少住院的可能性,减少死亡的可能性,减少进入ICU的可能性,减少被置于机械通气的可能性,减少将需要补充氧气的可能性和/或减少住院时长。在该实施方案的进一步方面中,一种或多种临床益处为受试者未能发展COVID-19的显著症状。
可在SARS-CoV-2感染发作之前或之后,或者在受试者中已诊断急性感染之后施用本发明的化合物。上述本发明用途的化合物和医疗产品特别被用于治疗性治疗。治疗性相关效果在一定程度上缓解障碍的一种或多种症状,或者使得与疾病或病理状况相关或引起疾病或病理状况的一种或多种生理或生化参数部分或完全恢复正常。监测被认为是一类治疗,条件是化合物以不同的间隔施用,例如为了加强应答和消除疾病的病原体和/或症状。本发明的方法还可被用于减少发展障碍的可能性或者甚至在轻度至中度的疾病表现之前预防与COVID-19相关的障碍的开始,或者用于治疗急性感染的出现及持续症状。
轻度至中度的COVID-19的治疗一般在门诊环境中完成。中度至重度的COVID-19的治疗一般在医院环境中住院完成。此外,在受试者已出院后,可在门诊环境中继续治疗。
本发明进一步涉及包含至少一种根据本发明的化合物或其药学上的盐的药剂。
在本发明意义上,“药剂”是医药领域的任何药剂,其包含一种或多种本发明的化合物或其制剂(例如药物组合物或药物制剂),并且可被用于患有临床症状和/或已知暴露于COVID-19的患者的预防、治疗、随访或后续护理。
联合治疗
在各种实施方案中,活性成分可单独或与一种或多种另外的治疗剂组合施用。通过在药物组合物中使用多于一种化合物,可实现协同或增强的效果。活性成分可同时或顺序使用。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种另外的治疗剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,一种或多种另外的治疗剂选自抗炎剂、抗生素、抗凝剂、抗寄生虫剂、抗血小板剂和双重抗血小板疗法、血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂、血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂、β-阻滞剂、他汀类和其他联合降胆固醇剂、特异性细胞因子抑制剂、补体抑制剂、抗VEGF治疗、JAK抑制剂、免疫调节剂、抗炎性体疗法、鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体结合剂、N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸(NDMA)受体谷氨酸受体拮抗剂、皮质类固醇、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、抗GM-CSF、干扰素、血管紧张素受体-脑啡肽酶抑制剂、钙通道阻滞剂、血管舒张剂、利尿剂、肌松剂和抗病毒药。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与抗病毒剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,抗病毒剂为瑞德西韦。在该实施方案的另一个方面中,抗病毒剂为洛匹那韦-利托那韦,单独或与利巴韦林和干扰素-β组合。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与广谱抗生素组合施用。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与氯喹或羟氯喹组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,ATR抑制剂进一步与阿奇霉素组合。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与干扰素-1-β组合施用。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种另外的治疗剂组合施用,所述另外的治疗剂选自选自羟氯喹、氯喹、伊维菌素、氨甲环酸、萘莫司他、病毒唑、利巴韦林、洛匹那韦/利托那韦、法匹拉韦、阿比朵尔、乐利单抗、干扰素β-1a、干扰素β-1b、β-干扰素、阿奇霉素、硝唑尼特、洛伐他汀、克拉扎珠单抗、阿达木单抗、依那西普、戈利木单抗、英夫利昔单抗、沙利鲁单抗、托珠单抗、阿那白滞素、依帕伐单抗、吡非尼酮、贝利木单抗、利妥昔单抗、奥瑞珠单抗、阿尼鲁单抗、雷夫利珠单抗(ravulizumab-cwvz)、艾库组单抗、贝伐珠单抗、肝素、依诺肝素、阿普斯特、香豆素、巴瑞替尼、鲁索利替尼、达格列净(dapafliflozin)、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、硫唑嘌呤、柳氮磺吡啶、霉酚酸酯、秋水仙碱、芬戈莫德、艾芬地尔、泼尼松、皮质醇、地塞米松、甲泼尼龙、褪黑素、奥替利单抗、ATR-002、APN-01、甲磺酸卡莫司他、brilacidin、IFX-1、PAX-1-001、BXT-25、NP-120、静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)和索那肽。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种抗炎剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,抗炎剂选自皮质类固醇、甾体类、COX-2抑制剂和非甾体类抗炎药(NSAID)。在该实施方案的一个方面中,抗炎剂为双氯芬酸、依托度酸、非诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、甲氯芬酯、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、萘丁美酮、萘普生、奥沙普秦、吡罗昔康、舒林酸、托美汀、塞来西布、泼尼松、氢化可的松、氟氢可的松(fludocortisone)、倍他米松、泼尼松龙、曲安西龙、甲基泼尼松、地塞米松、氟替卡松和布地奈德(单独或与福莫特罗、沙美特罗或维兰特罗组合)。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种免疫调节剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,免疫调节剂为钙调磷酸酶抑制剂、抗代谢物剂或烷基化剂。在该实施方案的另一个方面中,免疫调节剂选自硫唑嘌呤、霉酚酸酯、甲氨蝶呤、氨苯砜(dapson)、环孢菌素、环磷酰胺等等。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种抗生素组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,抗生素为广谱抗生素。在该实施方案的另一个方面中,抗生素为青霉素(pencillin)、抗葡萄球菌青霉素、头孢菌素、氨基青霉素(通常与β内酰胺酶抑制剂一起施用)、单环β-内酰胺、喹啉、氨基糖苷、林可酰胺、大环内酯、四环素、糖肽、抗代谢物剂或硝基咪唑。在该实施方案的进一步方面中,抗生素选自青霉素G、苯唑西林、阿莫西林、头孢唑林、头孢氨苄、头孢替坦(cephotetan)、头孢西丁、头孢曲松、奥格门汀、阿莫西林、氨苄青霉素(+舒巴坦)、哌拉西林(+他唑巴坦)、厄他培南、环丙沙星、亚胺培南、美罗培南、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、阿米卡星、克林霉素、阿奇霉素、多西环素、万古霉素、复方新诺明片(Bactrim)和甲硝唑。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种抗凝剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,抗凝剂选自阿哌沙班、达比加群酯、依度沙班、肝素、利伐沙班和华法林。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种抗血小板剂和/或双重抗血小板疗法组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,抗血小板剂和/或双重抗血小板疗法选自阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、双嘧达莫、普拉格雷和替格瑞洛。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种ACE抑制剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,ACE抑制剂选自贝那普利、卡托普利、依那普利、福辛普利、赖诺普利、莫昔普利、培哚普利、喹那普利、雷米普利和群多普利(trandoliapril)。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂选阿齐沙坦、坎地沙坦、依普沙坦、厄贝沙坦、氯沙坦、奥美沙坦、替米沙坦和缬沙坦。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种β-阻滞剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,β-阻滞剂选自醋丁洛尔、阿替洛尔、倍他洛尔、比索洛尔/氢氯噻嗪、比索洛尔、美托洛尔、纳多洛尔、普萘洛尔和索他洛尔。
在另一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种α和β-阻滞剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,α和β-阻滞剂为卡维地洛或盐酸拉贝洛尔。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种干扰素组合施用。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种血管紧张素受体-脑啡肽酶抑制剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,血管紧张素受体-脑啡肽酶抑制剂为沙库巴曲/缬沙坦。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种钙通道阻滞剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,钙通道阻滞剂选自氨氯地平、地尔硫卓、非洛地平、硝苯地平、尼莫地平、尼索地平和维拉帕米。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种血管舒张剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,一种或多种血管舒张剂选自二硝酸异山梨酯、单硝酸异山梨酯、硝酸甘油和米诺地尔。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种利尿剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,一种或多种利尿剂选自乙酰唑胺、阿米洛利、布美他尼、氯噻嗪、氯噻酮、呋塞米、氢氯噻嗪、吲达帕胺、美托拉宗(metalozone)、螺内酯和托拉塞米。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种肌松剂组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,肌松剂为抗痉挛剂或解痉挛剂。在该实施方案的另一个方面中,一种或多种肌松剂选自卡立普多(casisoprodol)、氯唑沙宗、环苯扎林、美他沙酮、美索巴莫、邻甲苯海拉明、替扎尼定、巴氯芬、丹曲林和地西泮。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种抗病毒药组合施用。在该实施方案的一个方面中,抗病毒药为瑞德西韦。
在一个实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种另外的治疗剂组合施用,所述另外的治疗剂选自抗寄生虫药(包括但不限于羟氯喹、氯喹、伊维菌素)、抗病毒剂(包括但不限于氨甲环酸、萘莫司他、病毒唑[利巴韦林]、洛匹那韦/利托那韦、法匹拉韦、乐利单抗、干扰素β-1a、干扰素β-1b、β-干扰素)、具有细胞内活性的抗生素(包括但不限于阿奇霉素、硝唑尼特)、他汀类和其他联合降胆固醇及抗炎药(包括但不限于洛伐他汀)、特异性细胞因子抑制剂(包括但不限于克拉扎珠单抗、阿达木单抗、依那西普、戈利木单抗、英夫利昔单抗、沙利鲁单抗、托珠单抗、阿那白滞素、依帕伐单抗、吡非尼酮)、补体抑制剂(包括但不限于雷夫利珠单抗、艾库组单抗)、抗VEGF治疗(包括但不限于贝伐珠单抗)、抗凝剂(包括但不限于肝素、依诺肝素、阿普斯特、香豆素)、JAK抑制剂(包括但不限于巴瑞替尼、鲁索利替尼、达格列净)、抗炎性体疗法(包括但不限于秋水仙碱)、鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体结合剂(包括但不限于芬戈莫德)、N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸(NDMA)受体谷氨酸受体拮抗剂(包括但不限于艾芬地尔)、皮质类固醇(包括但不限于泼尼松、皮质醇、地塞米松、甲泼尼龙)、GM-CSF、抗GM-CSF(奥替利单抗)、ATR-002、APN-01、甲磺酸卡莫司他、阿比朵尔、brilacidin、IFX-1、PAX-1-001、BXT-25、NP-120、静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)和索那肽。
在一些实施方案中,与当ATR抑制剂或另外的治疗剂单独施用时所施用的有效量相比较,ATR抑制剂与一种或多种另外的治疗剂的组合减少了施用以实现相同结果的ATR抑制剂和/或一种或多种另外的治疗剂的有效量(包括但不限于所施用的剂量体积、剂量浓度和/或总药物剂量)。在一些实施方案中,与单独施用另外的治疗剂相比较,ATR抑制剂与另外的治疗剂的组合减少治疗的总持续时间。在一些实施方案中,ATR抑制剂与另外的治疗剂的组合减少与单独施用另外的治疗剂相关的副作用。在一些实施方案中,与单独的有效量的ATR抑制剂或另外的治疗剂相比较,有效量的ATR抑制剂与另外的治疗剂的组合更有效。在一个实施方案中,有效量的ATR抑制剂与一种或多种另外的治疗剂的组合比单独施用其中一种药剂导致一种或多种另外的临床益处。
如本文所使用的,术语“治疗(treatment)”、“治疗(treat)”和“治疗(treating)”是指逆转、缓解病毒感染或其一种或多种症状、延缓其发作或抑制其进展,如本文所述。在一些实施方案中,治疗在已发展一种或多种症状后进行施用。在其他实施方案中,治疗在没有症状的情况下施用。例如,在症状发作前将治疗施用至易感个体(例如鉴于已知暴露于感染者和/或鉴于作为严重疾病的预测因素的共病或其他易感因素)。
实施例
实施例1:抗病毒测试
病毒复制动力学
将人类肺腺癌上皮细胞(Calu-3)以3.5x 105细胞/ml,1ml/孔接种在24孔板中,持续24小时。将待测试的化合物在冠状病毒(MERS、SARS-CoV-1或SARS-CoV-2)感染培养基中进行稀释以达到最终浓度。将生长培养基从细胞中去除,将细胞用1x PBS(磷酸盐缓冲盐水)洗涤一次,并随后用冠状病毒以0.01的MOI(感染复数)接种。在病毒颗粒附着于细胞45分钟后,去除接种物,将细胞用1x PBS洗涤两次,并添加含有化合物感染培养基(1ml/孔)。由于在感染后大约48小时的冠状病毒复制峰,因此选择该时间点用于所有随后的分析。在感染后48小时,从感染的细胞收集上清液并将其储存于-80℃。然后,如下所述,在非洲绿猴肾上皮细胞(VeroE6)细胞上通过斑块测试确定病毒滴度。
细胞活力测定
将Calu-3以3.5x 105细胞/ml,100μl/孔接种在96孔板中,持续24小时。将待测试的化合物或作为阳性对照的纯DMSO在SARS-CoV-2感染培养基(补充有1%L-Glu、1%P/S和2%FBS的DMEM)连续稀释以获得5倍的期望终浓度。将生长培养基从细胞中去除并更换成80μl/孔的新鲜感染培养基。随后,对于各浓度,四次重复地加入20μl的稀释的化合物(即5倍稀释以达到终浓度)。将细胞在37℃(5% CO2,96%rH)下孵育48小时。在治疗48小时后,在Tecan Safire 2板读取器上使用CellTiter 非放射性细胞增殖测定(MTT)(Promega)根据制造商的说明测量细胞活力。
斑块测试
从感染的细胞收集的上清液中的病毒滴度在VeroE6细胞上通过斑块测试确定。简言之,将VeroE6细胞以1.5ml/孔接种在12孔板中(汇合烧瓶的1:6稀释),持续24小时。将细胞培养上清液在1x PBS中10倍连续稀释。将生长培养基从细胞中去除,将细胞用1x PBS洗涤一次,并且添加稀释的上清液(150μl/孔)。30分钟的接种后,将覆盖培养基(双浓缩最低必需培养基(MEM;补充有2%L-Glu、2%P/S、0.4%牛血清白蛋白(BSA),与2.5%微晶纤维素(avicel)溶液(在ddH2O中制备)1:1混合)添加至细胞(1.5ml/孔)。然后将细胞在37℃下孵育72小时。72小时后,将覆盖培养基从细胞中去除,并且在用1x PBS的洗涤步骤后,将细胞在4℃下用4%多聚甲醛(PFA)固定至少30分钟。随后,去除4%PFA溶液,并将细胞用结晶紫溶液复染,以显现细胞层中病毒诱导斑块。将给定稀释度中斑块的数目用于计算病毒滴度为斑块形成单位(PFU/ml)。
统计
所有统计评估均使用GraphPad Prism 8(v4.8.3)进行。使用非参数t-检验(Mann-Whitney检验)来确定病毒滴度中统计上显著的差异。IC50和最大效应值是通过将S型曲线拟合至八点剂量应答曲线实验的数据上而获得的。
化合物测试和结果
使用上述方法,测试了化合物1对冠状病毒MERS、SARS-CoV-1和SARS-CoV-2的病毒复制和对细胞活力的影响。此外,测试了瑞德西韦对SARS-CoV-2的病毒复制和对细胞活力的影响作为参考(抗病毒化合物瑞德西韦是用于COVID-19治疗的最有前景的候选药物之一)。用化合物1对感染MERS的Calu-3细胞中的病毒复制获得的结果显示于图1中,用化合物1对感染SARS-CoV-1的Calu-3细胞中的病毒复制获得的结果显示于图2中,用化合物1对感染SARS-CoV-2的Calu-3细胞中的病毒复制获得的结果显示于图3中,而用瑞德西韦对感染SARS-CoV-2的Calu-3细胞中的病毒复制获得的结果显示于图4中。如从图1至3中显而易见的,化合物1导致对所测试的所有冠状病毒(MERS、SARS-CoV-1和SARS-CoV-2)的病毒复制的剂量依赖性抑制,由此在每种情况下细胞活力均保持几乎不受影响。令人惊讶的是,化合物1在被SARS-CoV-2感染的细胞中诱导的抑制与抗病毒参考物质瑞德西韦的抑制相当。
实施例2:抗病毒测试-巨细胞病毒
为了确定化合物的抗病毒活性,将人类包皮成纤维细胞(HFF)在感染前用各化合物的5倍连续稀释(范围在100μM至0.0128μM)处理1小时。在五天后使用基于免疫荧光的测定确定抗病毒活性。使用MTT测定对在用相同浓度的化合物和相同时长处理的未感染细胞确定细胞毒性。阿昔洛韦作为测定对照包括在内。
实验程序
在感染HCMV前1小时的施用后,探究各化合物的8种稀释的抗病毒活性。将化合物和病毒留在细胞上,持续该实验的整个持续时间(5天)。相同浓度范围的化合物的细胞毒性通过MTT测定确定。
细胞铺板
在四个96孔板中将细胞以4,000细胞/100μl/孔接种于完全培养基(补充有10%FBS(Gibco 10500064)和1X p/s(Gibco 15070063)的DMEM(Gibco,61965026))中:两个用于细胞毒性测定以及两个用于感染性测定。在接种后,将板在RT下孵育5分钟以均匀分布,并然后在37℃,5% CO2下孵育直至次日。将化合物1和对照(阿昔洛韦)在补充培养基(补充有5% FBS(Gibco 10500064)和1X p/s(Gibco15070063)的DMEM(Gibco,61965026))中从10mM储备溶液1:50稀释至200μM,并将225μl的这些稀释的储备液或仅稀释液(1% DMSO)一式三份添加至圆底96孔板的顶部行(A)。
将180μl的0.2% DMSO稀释液添加至所有其他孔中(B-H行)。以这种方式,DMSO的百分比在整个连续稀释过程中保持恒定在0.2%。仅在A行中,DMSO浓度为1%(在未感染/未处理对照中也如此),反映了来自储备液的第一次稀释中的DMSO浓度。通过将45μl从A行转移至B行,混合,并然后再次从B行转移至C行等,直至H行,来进行五倍连续稀释。
细胞预处理
将50μl补充培养基/孔添加至各板(感染性和细胞毒性)中的细胞。将50μl/孔的处理液从稀释板转移至在各板(感染性和细胞毒性)中相应位置的细胞中。所有板均在37℃,5% CO2下孵育。
感染
将病毒储备(HCMV Merlin株,1x106 IU/ml)用补充培养基稀释5倍以使得浓度达到2x105 IU/ml。在1小时的预处理后,将培养基/处理液从细胞中去除,并将50μl/孔的处理液从稀释板重新转移至感染性板中相应位置的细胞中。添加50μl病毒/孔(MOI~1),除了其中添加50μl无病毒的补充培养基的未感染对照。
固定和显影
五天后,将感染板用PBS洗涤,用4%甲醛固定30分钟,再次用PBS洗涤,并在4℃下在PBS中储存过夜直至染色。将细胞毒性板用MTT处理以确定细胞活力。
感染性读数
将细胞进行免疫染色。为此,用50mM氯化铵猝灭任何残余甲醛,之后将细胞透化(0.1% Triton X100)并用识别HCMV gB的抗体(The Native Antigen Company)染色。用Alexa-488缀合二抗(Life Technologies,A21207)检测一抗,并用Hoechst将核染色。在Opera Phenix高容量共聚焦显微镜(Perkin Elmer)上使用10X物镜获得图像,并且使用Columbus软件计算%感染(感染细胞/总细胞x 100)。
细胞毒性读数
通过MTT测定检测细胞毒性。为此,将MTT试剂(Sigma,M5655)添加至细胞,在37℃,5% CO2下持续2小时,之后去除培养基,并用1:1异丙醇:DMSO混合物溶解沉淀20分钟。将上清液转移至干净的板,并在570nm处读取信号。
Claims (30)
1.在需要其的受试者中治疗冠状病毒感染的方法,其包含向所述受试者施用有效量的ATR抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述冠状病毒引起SARS或MERS感染。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述冠状病毒引起SARS-CoV-1或SARS-CoV-2或MERS-CoV感染。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中所述冠状病毒为SARS-CoV-2。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的方法,其中所述ATR抑制剂为
或其药学上可接受的盐。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的方法,其中所述ATR抑制剂的施用导致所述受试者中病毒载量的减少。
7.权利要求1-5中任一项的方法,其中所述ATR抑制剂减少或抑制感染的细胞中所述病毒诱导的DNA损伤应答的激活。
8.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中在COVID-19肺炎发展前施用所述ATR抑制剂。
9.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述受试者患有轻度至中度的SARS-CoV-2感染。
10.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述受试者先前已接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗,并发展疫苗相关的感染恶化,例如抗体依赖性增强或相关抗体介导的疫苗/抗体相关的恶化机制。
11.权利要求1-10中任一项的方法,其中所述受试者在治疗开始时为无症状的。
12.权利要求1-10的方法,其中所述受试者已经与已被诊断有SARS-CoV-2感染的患者有已知接触。
13.权利要求1-10中任一项的方法,其中所述受试者在被正式诊断有SARS-CoV-2感染之前开始所述ATR抑制剂的施用。
14.权利要求1-10中任一项的方法,其中所述ATR抑制剂的施用导致一种或多种临床益处。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中所述一种或多种临床益处选自:缩短感染的持续时间、减少住院的可能性、减少死亡的可能性、减少进入ICU的可能性、减少被置于机械通气的可能性、减少将需要补充氧气的可能性和/或减少住院时长。
16.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述受试者正在经历门诊治疗。
17.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其进一步包含一种或多种另外的治疗剂的施用。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂选自抗炎剂、抗生素、抗凝剂、抗寄生虫剂、抗血小板剂和双重抗血小板疗法、血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂、血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂、β-阻滞剂、他汀类和其他联合降胆固醇剂、特异性细胞因子抑制剂、补体抑制剂、抗VEGF治疗、JAK抑制剂、免疫调节剂、抗炎性体疗法、鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体结合剂、N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸(NDMA)受体谷氨酸受体拮抗剂、皮质类固醇、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、抗GM-CSF、干扰素、血管紧张素受体-脑啡肽酶抑制剂、钙通道阻滞剂、血管舒张剂、利尿剂、肌松剂和抗病毒药。
19.权利要求17的方法,其中所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂为抗病毒药。
20.权利要求17的方法,其中所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂为瑞德西韦。
21.权利要求17的方法,其中所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂为洛匹那韦-利托那韦。
22.权利要求17的方法,其中所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂进一步包括利巴韦林和干扰素-β。
23.权利要求17的方法,其中所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂为氯喹或羟氯喹。
24.权利要求17的方法,其中所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂进一步包括阿奇霉素。
25.权利要求17的方法,其中所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂为干扰素-1-β
26.权利要求17的方法,其中所述一种或多种另外的治疗剂选自羟氯喹、氯喹、伊维菌素、氨甲环酸、萘莫司他、病毒唑[利巴韦林]、洛匹那韦/利托那韦、法匹拉韦、乐利单抗、干扰素β-1a、干扰素β-1b、β-干扰素、阿奇霉素、硝唑尼特、洛伐他汀、克拉扎珠单抗、阿达木单抗、依那西普、戈利木单抗、英夫利昔单抗、沙利鲁单抗、托珠单抗、阿那白滞素、依帕伐单抗、吡非尼酮、雷夫利珠单抗、艾库组单抗、贝伐珠单抗、肝素、依诺肝素、阿普斯特、香豆素、巴瑞替尼、鲁索利替尼、达格列净、秋水仙碱、芬戈莫德、艾芬地尔、泼尼松、皮质醇、地塞米松、甲泼尼龙、GM-CSF、奥替利单抗、ATR-002、APN-01、甲磺酸卡莫司他、阿比朵尔、brilacidin、IFX-1、PAX-1-001、BXT-25、NP-120、静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)和索那肽。
27.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中以约20mg至约2000mg之间施用所述ATR抑制剂,其每天一至四次到每周一次地进行应用。
28.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述施用的ATR抑制剂的总量在每天约50mg至约350mg之间。
29.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中将所述ATR抑制剂施用约7天至约21天。
30.前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中口服施用所述ATR抑制剂。
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