CN1165070A - Multifunction domestic machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

A full-functional household machine tool has a main body with workpieces installation surface on its top and guide Z on its side. There are a guide Y on the big tool carriage sliding along guide Z and a guide X on the middle tool carriage sliding along Y guide. A rotary body that has a rotary axis A parallel to axis X and a rotary installation surface whose axis is perpendicular to the axis A is installed to outer end of ram sliding along guide X for installing small tool carriage for installing turning or planing tool, drilling-milling head, grinding head, or slotting head. Different tools can be installed to drilling-milling head to preform different machining jobs.

Description

Multifunction domestic machine tool

The present invention relates to a kind of Metal Cutting Machine Tool, especially a kind of multi-functional, can in a clamping of workpiece, finish the multiple processing of a workpiece, can process revolving body, lathe that also can the processing non-turning body.

Existing multifunctional household lathe just combines the parts of drilling and milling machine and lathe simply, carry out simple shape revolving body turning and the non-rotating workpiece of small size simply bored mills processing, can not further bore at the laggard row of turning, mill, processing such as mill, can not be to the frame of large-size, processing such as casing, guide rail etc. mill, plane, boring, mill.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of function more, processing dimension is bigger, use multifunction machine more easily, it can finish a revolution class workpiece in a clamping, as the calibration workpiece, the car of gear etc., mill, bore, attack, insert, mill etc. is multiple so that all processing, also can be in clamping to the non-rotating workpiece of large scale of the 0.5-0.7 that reaches lathe length mill, multiple processing such as plane, brill, boring, mill.Because the lathe size can be dwindled, and helps lowering weight, reduces cost.

The present invention mainly realizes purpose by following means:

With engine lathe similarly, this lathe has a long lathe bed, is shaped on Z to guide rail along long lathe bed, an end of long lathe bed is fixed with a headstock, and work spindle wherein is housed, its axis is parallel to the Z axle, and can be rotated at a high speed by motor-driven.Difference is: the Z on the long lathe bed is to the side of guide rail built in lathe bed, and the upper surface of this long lathe bed be shaped on be parallel to being used for fixing of Z axle and X-axis non-rotating workpiece or anchor clamps horizontal mounting surface, tailstock also can be fixed thereon.Saddle slides on guide rail at Z.Middle carriage is at the guide rail perpendicular to the Z axle of saddle-be to slide up and down in the Y-axis guide rail.And the top of middle carriage also is shaped on X perpendicular to Z axle and Y-axis to guide rail, ram horizontal slip in this X guide rail, this ram is shaped on the surface of revolution towards an end of headstock, and its gyroaxis is the A axle that is parallel to X-axis, a revolving body is housed on this surface of revolution, also be shaped on the surface of revolution on this revolving body, its gyroaxis is perpendicular to the D axle of A axle, on this surface of revolution multiple equipment can be installed, as Drilling and milling head, the slotting head, power bistrique, upper slide rest etc.In addition, work spindle C axle indexing mechanism and the open-and-close mechanism that the control indexing mechanism combines or throws off with main shaft also are housed in the headstock.

Lathe tool is installed on revolving body, is utilized the height of the lift adjustment cutter of middle carriage, utilize the move turning that can realize clamping workpiece on main shaft of lathe tool along X-axis and Z axle.As want the long inside and outside circle conical surface of turning, and can on revolving body, adorn a upper slide rest, lathe tool is contained on the upper slide of upper slide rest, adjusts the angle of upper slide rest, just can process the circular cone of arbitrary taper.Also an electric high-speed bistrique can be installed on upper slide, so that the long inside and outside circular cone of grinding.

When Drilling and milling head is installed on revolving body, utilize the spindle index mechanism of headstock, can be directly the workpiece after the turning be bored, boring, processing such as mills, change the angle of Drilling and milling head, rotary cutter can be to axis of workpiece abreast, or vertically, or process obliquely, because Y-axis arranged, can be on the cylindrical of workpiece the big plane of milling, and can bore boring processing at an arbitrary position.As at Drilling and milling head disk cutter such as gear milling cutter being installed, face and side cutter etc. can also add work gear, spline, clutch etc.

Also emery wheel can be installed in the Drilling and milling head main shaft, utilize workpiece revolution, but the inside and outside cylinder of grinding, taper seat, sphere, planes etc. utilize emery wheel at X, Y, the moving and the calibration of workpiece of Z direction, can be on workpiece the plane or the curved surface of the various angles of grinding.

A slotting head is installed on revolving body, can be carried out slotting processing workpiece, as processing splined hole, non-circular hole, and circular cone Hua Jian hole etc.Without the slotting head, utilize cutter also can carry out slotting, but speed is slower along moving of Z axle.

Non-rotating workpiece can directly or be installed in by anchor clamps on the last installed surface of long lathe bed.Utilization is contained in the planing tool on the upper slide rest, and utilizes the reciprocating motion of saddle along the Z axle, can carry out planing operation to workpiece.Utilization is contained in milling cutter or the emery wheel on the Drilling and milling head, and utilizes the motion of X, Y, Z axle, can mill on workpiece or grinds the plane that is parallel to X or Y or Z axle arbitrarily.Drill bit, boring cutter, reamer, screw tap etc. are installed on Drilling and milling head, then can be carried out more accurate coordinate and bore bore hole and tapping workpiece.But manually operated lathe be as will processing inclined hole, the Drilling and milling head that should adopt main shaft to stretch out, or in spindle hole an additional auger spindle that can stretch out with hand operated.

Lathe X, Y, Z can change by stepper motor or driven by servomotor fully to leading screw and C axle indexing worm, and utilize interlock between X, Y, Z, the C axle, can obtain extremely rich functions, and frame for movement can be simplified also, as milling, grind any screw thread, mill helical gear, bevel gear, the various cams of milling bore any inclined hole of boring (and the Drilling and milling head that does not need main shaft to stretch out), can the milling arbitrary plane, or three-dimension curved surface.As increase a code-disc with work spindle interlock, and with the signal controlling Z of code-disc output to feeding, then can not need any screw thread of change gear turning.As increase a code-disc with Drilling and milling head main shaft interlock, then can also the gear hobbing gear or carry out rigid tapping, during gear hobbing, the calibration revolution of the signal controlling work spindle of application code-disc output and Z are to feeding, hobcutter is installed on the Drilling and milling head main shaft, and the adjustment revolving body makes cutter form an angle to axis of workpiece.

Also can set up a rapid changing knife device on the Drilling and milling head, it is by the cutter mechanism of grabbing by the butterfly spring tension that is contained in the Drilling and milling head main shaft, form with the cutter disassembling machine structure that is contained in the Drilling and milling head rear end, grab cutter mechanism and can pawl live drawing the top and cutter being strained of taper tool shanks afterbody, the cutter disassembling machine structure is an oil cylinder that can compress butterfly spring, or cylinder, or electronic thrust mechanism, or the mechanical booster mechanism of manual operation.

This lathe also can be joined a tilting table, and its end and work spindle are fixed, and the other end is by tailstock or another special-purpose bearing support.Utilize the indexing mechanism of headstock to adjust its angle easily, can omit revolving body this moment, and Drilling and milling head or other various equipments directly are contained on the surface of revolution of ram outer end.So also can carry out above-mentioned all processing, but the workpiece size that can process is less to the workpiece of clamping on tilting table.

This lathe also can be designed to complete machine and return around the Z axle and turn 90 degrees except that above-mentioned attitude, and this moment, X-axis and workpiece installed surface were in the plumb position, or be designed to complete machine around the revolution of Z axle less than 90 degree, help smear metal like this and discharge.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are further described:

Fig. 1 a-f is manually operated global function lathe schematic diagram.Fig. 1 a is front view and sectional view,

Fig. 1 b is a top view, and Fig. 1 c is a saddle travel mechanism structural map, and Fig. 1 d is the Drilling and milling head schematic diagram,

Fig. 1 e is the Drilling and milling head structure chart, and Fig. 1 f is an indexing mechanism structure chart in the headstock.

Fig. 2 a-1 illustrates the various machining states that this lathe can carry out.Fig. 2 a is lathe tool or planing tool with single

Carry out car and dig processing, Fig. 2 b carries out turning with the circular cutting disk that four lathe tools can be installed, and Fig. 2 c says

The structure of bright this circular cutting disk, Fig. 2 d be install on the Drilling and milling head mill, boring cutter processes Fig. 2 e

With Fig. 2 f is with Drilling and milling head excircle of workpiece to be carried out calibration processing, and Fig. 2 g is to work end with Drilling and milling head

Face carries out calibration processing, the Drilling and milling head processing inclined hole that Fig. 2 h explanation can be stretched out with main shaft, Fig. 2 i and figure

The 2j explanation is installed the dish-type milling cutter and is added work gear on Drilling and milling head, Fig. 2 k illustrates with big or small emery wheel workpiece

Cylindrical and endoporus carry out grinding, and Fig. 2 l illustrates with various wheel grinding guide pass.

Fig. 3 a is the Drilling and milling head structure chart that has the rapid changing knife device, and Fig. 3 b is drive tool changing device foot-operated

The operating mechanism schematic diagram.

Fig. 4 is this lathe with simple and easy NC control system theory diagram.

Fig. 5 is this lathe schematic diagram that has tilting table.

Fig. 6 is the situation that this lathe uses around Z axle inclination 90 degree.

Fig. 1 a, and among Fig. 1 b, (1) is long lathe bed, and its side is shaped on Z to guide rail (2), and above be shaped on the workpiece installed surface (3) of level, (3) be mainly used in clamping bigger non-rotating shape workpiece or anchor clamps, headstock (4) also is fixed on an end of (3), and work spindle (5) is housed in (4), (5) axis is parallel to the Z guide rail, and can be by motor (6) through gearbox (7) and cone pulley (8) (9), belt (10) drives, and rotates in the headstock high speed.(11) be tailstock, can be installed in the correct position of workpiece installed surface (3).(12) be saddle, can on lathe bed Z guide rail, slide.Be shaped on the saddle the vertical Y of Z axle to guide rail, middle carriage (13) can slide up and down in this Y guide rail.The middle carriage top be shaped on level to all vertical X of Z axle and Y-axis to guide rail, ram (14) slides in this X guide rail.Ram is shaped on the surface of revolution (15) by an end of headstock, and its axis of rotation is the A axle parallel to X-axis.Revolving body (16) can be installed on the surface of revolution (15) with arbitrarily angled, also is shaped on circular scale on (16) to indicate rotating angle.(16) side also is shaped on the surface of revolution (17), and its axis of rotation D is perpendicular to the A axle.This surface of revolution can be installed multiple equipment on (17).As upper slide rest, or Drilling and milling head, or the slotting head, or the high speed bistrique.List can be installed lathe tool on the upper slide (19) of upper slide rest (18), or planing tool (20), or square tool post (21), or bistrique.Utilize this upper slide rest, can turning or the long interior male cone (strobilus masculinus) of grinding, or the planing inclined-plane.The axis of the cutter spindle (23) of Drilling and milling head (22) is vertical to the D axle, and can arrive any angle around D axle and A axial adjustment.In main shaft (23) taper hole various rotary cutters and fixed cutting tool can be installed.

Spindle index mechanism is housed in the headstock, it is fixed on worm gear (24) on the main shaft (5) by no unoccupied place, the worm screw (26) that can in worm screw seat (25), rotate, be installed in the index dial (27) on the worm screw seat, and be contained in latch handle (28) formations such as (29) on the worm screw, add man-hour when needs carry out calibration to workpiece, control crank (30) turns an angle worm screw seat (25), even be contained in worm screw (26) and worm gear (24) engagement in (25) prejudicially.Shaking latch handle (28) (29) can carry out calibration, be inserted in some hole of index dial (27) with latch and can locate.

Drilling and milling head main shaft (23) is driven by the inner electric machine (32) that is contained in the revolving body (16) by bevel gear pair (31) (36).(33) be the cutter that has unified taper shank, they can utilize the rapid changing knife device, or use pull bar (34) simply, and nut (35) dress jail is in main shaft (23) taper hole.

The motion of saddle can be manual, also can be motor-driven, in the time of manually, the Z axial filament thick stick (37) that helical pitch is bigger is locked by a retaining mechanism (not shown), and can not rotate, handwheel (38) makes nut (41) rotation by bevel gear pair (39) (40), and the Z that realizes saddle is to fast feed.When motor-driven, nut (41) is by another retaining mechanism (not shown) locking, it can not be rotated, and leading screw (37) or link by change gear (42) and other change gear and work spindle (5), to realize machining screw, or auto-feed, or, plane and the required quick reciprocating motion of slotting with realization by from cone pulley (43), belt and main motor (6) interlock.This moment motor outage, braking, oppositely can control by the travel switch that is contained in Z guide rail two ends (44) (45).

Middle carriage moves by handwheel (46) along Y-axis, drives Y through bevel gear pair (47) and realizes that to leading screw (48) rotation (49) are that Y is to nut.The motion of ram (14) makes X realize that to leading screw (51) rotation (52) are that X is to nut by handwheel (50).Can have dial on X, Y, three handwheels of Z to determine the distance of feeding.

Among Fig. 2, a cutter holder (54) is arranged on the upper slide of upper slide rest (19), also clamped in single square hole that lathe tool or planing tool (20) is inserted in (54).(55) be a circular cutting disk, it has taper shank (56), available rapid changing knife device or be fixed on the main shaft (23) with pull bar (34), and this cutterhead can be installed four lathe tools (57).During turning, it is fixing main shaft (23) that an alignment pin (58) (Fig. 3) inserts one of four locating slots on the main shaft positioning disk (59).Main shaft (23) but rotate 90 just tool changing of degree.

Multiple cutter such as various brills, boring can be installed, attack, mill on the Drilling and milling head to clamping work spindle (5) go up or lathe bed installed surface (3) on workpiece process.(60) be the handle of a knife of band collet, but clamping staight shank cutter (61).(62) be hole boring cutter.(63) be face cutter.(64) be the handle of a knife that disc milling cutter (65) is installed, but mounting teeth staggered tooth side, face and side cutter or metal saw etc. are so that add work gear, spline, clutch etc. or crack on workpiece.

Because of X, Y, three of Z move with hand operated,, for this reason, can join the Drilling and milling head that a main shaft can stretch out in addition, but be a scheme cheaply shown in the figure with the bit drills aperture or the inclined hole inconvenience that are fixedly mounted on the main shaft (23).Insert the drilling rod (66) that a cylindrical is shaped on spline (or keyway) in the main shaft of Drilling and milling head (23) hole, a fairlead (67) is equipped with at front-end of spindle taper hole position, is shaped on internal spline (or flat key is housed) to connect drilling rod in main shaft or the guiding trepanning.The axial feed of drilling rod promotes with boosting mechanism (68), and (68) can be levers that has handle, or other manual or motor-driven mechanism.(68) and between the drilling rod (66) with axial hookup 69) connect.

Also emery wheel can be installed on the Drilling and milling head main shaft, as cylinder emery wheel (70), flaring cup wheel (71), dish (emery) wheel (72) is so that carry out inside and outside circle or flat surface grinding.

(73) be a high speed bistrique, it is installed in revolving body 16) on, also can be contained on the upper slide rest, the minor diameter emery wheel can be installed for it so that grinding minor diameter circular hole or narrower groove.

Among Fig. 3, have the rapid changing knife device on the Drilling and milling head.It is made up of with the cutter disassembling machine structure that is contained in the Drilling and milling head rear end the cutter mechanism of grabbing that is contained in the main shaft.Grab cutter mechanism by reducing pawl (75), pull bar (76), butterfly spring group (77) constitutes.The cutter disassembling machine structure is one can produce the mechanism that axial thrust makes the butterfly spring compression, and it can be an oil cylinder, or cylinder, or electronic thrust mechanism, or the mechanical booster mechanism of manual operation.The cutter disassembling machine structure is by cylinder body (78) among the figure, piston (79), and back-moving spring formations such as (80), and link by hydraulic hose (81) and hydraulic power source.Hydraulic power source can be one with the afterburning plunger oil pump (83) (84) (85) of pedal (82), so that with foot-operated tool changing.Can be the electric hydraulic station that has reversal valve also, so that realize motor-driven tool changing and automatic tool changer.

Among Fig. 4, (90), (91), (92), (93) be stepper motor or servomotor, they can be directly or through transmission mechanism (gear pair or synchronous toothed belt) same worm screw (26), leading screw (37) or nut (41), leading screw (48), leading screw (51) connects, so that the power feed of realization lathe or computer numerical controlled, original index dial and latch handle (27) (28) (29) can omit, each hand wheel can omit also and can keep, as keeping, between handwheel and motor-driven axle, to add an arrangement of clutch, handwheel is released and disengagement automatically by spring when not needing manual operating, thereby reduced the inertia load of motor.

Realize that manual another program is to adopt electronic hand wheel, the manual operating panel (94) that electronic hand wheel is housed can be arranged in the place of being convenient to operate most, and the position that does not resemble mechanical handwheel will be subjected to structural limitations.Four also available other cheap computer componentses of electronic hand wheel replace, as Genius mouse, mouse ball, control stick even button.

The extensive work of digital control system all can be finished by household PC (95) from the graphical programming to the interpolation operation, and lathe is required, and what increase is four axis controllers (97) and four motor drivers (98) that connect with household PC by cable (96).(99) be the code-disc of work spindle and Drilling and milling head main shaft, can dispose by customer requirement.The cost of this digital control system is as adopting stepper motor then very limited.

The concrete structure of this lathe also can have multiple flexible program, and the simplest as the headstock spindle indexing mechanism is an index dial and the bolt mechanism that is installed on the casing that is fixed on the main shaft, though simply there is certain practicality in this mechanism.Also available in addition the code-disc on the main shaft or angular displacement sensor and an angular display unit of being contained in carries out manual calibration, and constitutes a positional servosystem with code-disc or angular displacement sensor and main motor and realize automatic indexing.

Power-actuated other scheme of work spindle has: 1, and without gearbox (7), cone pulley (8) directly is contained on the output shaft of motor (6).2, cogged gear in cone pulley strap speed varying+headstock.

Other scheme of the power-driven mechanism of Drilling and milling head also has: 1, be contained in the Drilling and milling head in the motor, rotor and main shaft (23) are made one, or directly or through gear pair and main shaft link, 2, motor (35) is contained in ram (14) inside or rear end, and through power transmission shaft and the secondary central shaft that drives in the revolving body of bevel gear, this axle drives the main shaft (23) of Drilling and milling head again through bevel gear pair (36) (31).To adding a gear first bevel gear, it can be a speed-changing gear box from motor (32), also connect the belt cone gear of motor (32), or the both has.

Among Fig. 5, (103) are tilting tables, and its end can be fixed on the work spindle (5), and the other end can be used tailstock (11) or another special-purpose bearing support.Like this without revolving body (16), Drilling and milling head (22) is directly installed on the A axle revolution installed surface (15) of ram (14), utilize spindle index mechanism to adjust the angle of workbench, also can carry out the inclined-plane inclined hole processing on other part of non-rotating shape, but the workpiece size that can process is less.

Among Fig. 6, lathe is after the Z axle tilts 90 degree, and the workpiece installed surface (3) of lathe bed becomes vertical, can go up anchor clamps of installation (104) in (3) and provide convenience for the non-rotating clamping of part in addition.

Fig. 1 a, b are depicted as most preferred embodiment.

： ( 1 ) ( 2 ) Z ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) ( 12 ) ( 13 ) ( 14 ) ( 15 ) A ( 16 ) ( 17 ) D ( 18 ) ( 19 ) ( 20 ) ( 21 ) ( 22 ) ( 23 ) ( 24 ) ( 25 ) ( 26 ) ( 27 ) ( 28 ) ( 29 ) ( 30 ) ( 31 ) ( 32 ) ( 33 ) ( 34 ) ( 35 ) ( 36 ) ( 37 ) Z ( 38 ) ( 39 ) ( 40 ) ( 41 ) Z ( 42 ) ( 43 ) ( 44 ) ( 45 ) ( 46 ) ( 47 ) ( 48 ) Y ( 49 ) Y ( 50 ) X ( 51 ) X ( 52 ) X ( 54 ) ( 55 ) ( 56 ) ( 57 ) ( 58 ) ( 59 ) ( 60 ) ( 61 ) ( 62 ) ( 63 ) ( 64 ) ( 65 ) ( 66 ) ( 67 ) ( 68 ) ( 69 ) ( 70 ) ( 71 ) ( 72 ) ( 73 ) ( 74 ) ( 75 ) ( 76 ) ( 77 ) ( 78 ) ( 79 ) ( 80 ) ( 81 ) ( 82 ) ( 83 ) ( 84 ) ( 85 ) ( 90 ) X ( 91 ) Y ( 92 ) Z ( 93 ) C ( 94 ) ( 95 ) ( 96 ) ( 97 ) ( 98 ) ( 99 ) ( 103 ) ( 104 )

Claims (12)

1, a kind of lathe is by long lathe bed (1) that has Z to guide rail (2), be contained in the headstock that has work spindle (5) (4) of lathe bed one end, the axis of this work spindle be parallel to Z to, a saddle (12) that on guide rail, moves at lathe bed Z, one this saddle perpendicular to Z to the Y guide rail on the middle carriage formations such as (13) that moves, it is characterized in that: an X perpendicular to Z axle and Y-axis is arranged on the described middle carriage to guide rail, a ram (14) slides in this X guide rail, and this ram is shaped on the surface of revolution (15) towards an end of headstock, and its gyroaxis is the A axle that is parallel to X-axis, a revolving body (16) is housed on the surface of revolution (15), also be shaped on a surface of revolution (17) on the revolving body (16) at least, its gyroaxis is perpendicular to the D axle of A axle, and one of following equipment: A is housed on it, Drilling and milling head (22), the axis normal of its cutter spindle (23) is in the D axle, B, upper slide rest (18) (19), C, power bistrique (73), D, slotting head.

2, by the described lathe of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the Z of described long lathe bed to guide rail (2) built in the side of lathe bed, and this long lathe bed above be shaped on be parallel to Z axle and X-axis be used for fixing workpiece or anchor clamps horizontal mounting surface (3).

3, by the described lathe of claim 1, it is characterized in that: C axle indexing mechanism is housed on the described headstock, it is configured to one of following: A, index dial and bolt mechanism, they be contained in respectively on the main shaft and headstock housing on, B, code-disc or angular displacement sensor, C, the worm screw (26) that is fixed on the worm gear (24) on the main shaft and can in worm screw seat (25), rotates, this worm screw seat passes through the surface of revolution, or hinge, or line slideway is installed in the headstock, and by handle (30) rotate or mobile worm screw seat realizing the folding of worm and gear, worm screw also connects with one of following mechanism: A. bolt mechanism (28) (29) and index dial (27), they are contained in respectively on worm screw and the worm screw seat, B. stepper motor or servomotor.

4, by claim 1 and 2 described lathes, it is characterized in that: Z can rotate in the supporting on being fixed on saddle to nut (41), and through bevel gear pair (39) (40) and handwheel (38) interlock, and be equipped with and prevent locking device that nut (41) rotates and the locking device of preventing Z axial filament thick stick (37) to rotate.

5, by the described lathe of claim 1, it is characterized in that: motor (32) is housed in the described revolving body (16), and its armature spindle is by bevel gear pair (36) (31) and main shaft (23) interlock.

6, by the described lathe of claim 1, it is characterized in that: bolt mechanism (58) is housed on the described Drilling and milling head, main shaft (23) or with (23) fixing positioning disk (59) on be shaped on branch latch groove such as N, but clamping N has taper shank identical with replaceable cutter (56) and coupling arrangement to the circular cutting disk of lathe tool (55).

7, by the described lathe of claim 1, it is characterized in that: be inserted with a cylindrical in the main shaft of described Drilling and milling head (23) hole and be shaped on and spend strong (or keyway), but the additional auger spindle (66) of an end clamping cutter, the spindle hole front end also is equipped with a fairlead, be shaped on internal spline (or flat key is housed) in spindle hole or the guiding trepanning to coincide with the auger spindle spline, this auger spindle also connects with boosting mechanism (61) by axial hookup (60).

8, by claim 1,3 described lathes, it is characterized in that: described Drilling and milling head is equipped with the rapid changing knife device, it is by grabbing cutter mechanism and the cutter disassembling machine structure is formed, and the former is by butterfly spring group (77), pull bar (76), reducing pawl (75) constitutes, the latter is one of following: A, the mechanical booster mechanism of manual operation, B, electronic thrust mechanism, C, oil cylinder or cylinder (78) (79) (80), and link by single-acting oil pump or power-actuated pumping plant of flexible pipe (81) and a human control.

9, by claim 1,3 described lathes, it is characterized in that: one of following mechanism directly or through transmission mechanism (gear pair or synchronous toothed belt) connects with stepping or servomotor, A, worm screw (26), B, leading screw (37) or nut (41), C, leading screw (48), D, leading screw (51), E, more than every any combination.

10, by claim 1,3,9 described lathes, it is characterized in that: the cutter spindle of described Drilling and milling head (23) is directly or by the same code-disc interlock of transmission mechanism.

11, by claim 1 or following each described lathe, it is characterized in that: have the tilting table (103) that an end can connect with work spindle, Drilling and milling head (22) is directly installed on the surface of revolution (15) of ram (14).

12, by claim 1 or following each described lathe, it is characterized in that: described lathe can be around the direction inclination 0-90 degree of the axial headstock reduction of Z.

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