CN116505897A - Maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier and construction method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116505897A
CN116505897A CN202310770781.1A CN202310770781A CN116505897A CN 116505897 A CN116505897 A CN 116505897A CN 202310770781 A CN202310770781 A CN 202310770781A CN 116505897 A CN116505897 A CN 116505897A
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network
amplifying
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output
impedance value
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CN116505897B (en
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邢阳
董锐冰
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Guangdong Dawan District Aerospace Information Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/56—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
    • H03F1/565—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for using inductive elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/30—Circuit design
    • G06F30/36—Circuit design at the analogue level
    • G06F30/367—Design verification, e.g. using simulation, simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis [SPICE], direct methods or relaxation methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/213—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
    • H03G3/20—Automatic control
    • H03G3/30—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
    • H03G3/3036—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices in high-frequency amplifiers or in frequency-changers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/451—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
    • H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/195—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The application discloses a maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier and a construction method thereof, comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of constructing a positive feedback amplifier, wherein the positive feedback amplifier comprises an input power supply matching network, an amplifying network and an output power supply matching network which are sequentially cascaded, and the amplifying network is composed of an active two-port network and a feedback network; determining a marked point of the amplifying network in a complex lambda plane based on an S parameter of the amplifying network, wherein the complex lambda plane is a coordinate system constructed by taking a real part of a lambda value as an abscissa and taking an imaginary part of the lambda value as an ordinate, and the coordinates of the marked point are determined by the lambda value of the amplifying network; and determining a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network based on the marking point of the amplifying network, the state of the input end and the state of the output end, and finally determining a feedback network of the amplifying network. The construction method of the amplifying network is clear, the maximum efficiency gain of the amplifying network can be maximized, oscillation does not occur, and therefore the high-gain amplifier is effectively realized.

Description

Maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier and construction method thereof
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of radio frequency integrated circuits, and more particularly, to a gain positive feedback amplifier with maximum efficiency and a method for constructing the same.
Background
Terahertz communication has shown great development potential in the new generation of wireless communication technology, and is widely accepted and focused in the field of wireless communication. In an integrated circuit of a terahertz communication system, an amplifier is an important component, and the performance of the amplifier directly influences the performance of a terahertz wireless communication transceiver front end. As the operating frequency of the terahertz communication system approaches the maximum oscillation frequency of the semiconductor transistor, the gain of the transistor drops rapidly and the gain of the amplifier decays dramatically.
The existing terahertz amplifier generally realizes double conjugate matching of an input end and an output end under an absolute stable state so as to realize conjugate matching gain of the amplifierG MA 。G MA The design method of the amplifier limits the design of the amplifier to an absolute stable state, and further improvement of the gain of the amplifier is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present application provides a maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier and a construction method thereof to design a gain of the amplifier to be further improved.
To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present application provides a method for constructing a maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier, including:
building a positive feedback amplifier, wherein the positive feedback amplifier comprises an input power supply matching network, an amplifying network and an output power supply matching network which are sequentially cascaded, and the amplifying network is composed of an active two-port network and a feedback network connected in parallel with the active two-port network;
determining a marker point of the amplifying network in a complex lambda plane based on an S parameter of the amplifying network, wherein the complex lambda plane is a coordinate system constructed by taking a real part of a lambda value as an abscissa and an imaginary part of the lambda value as an ordinate, the coordinate of the marker point is determined by the lambda value of the amplifying network,，/>and->S parameters for the amplifying network;
determining the structure and parameters of the feedback network and determining a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network based on the state of the input end, the state of the output end and the mark point of the amplifying network, wherein the input end and the output end of the target amplifying network corresponding to the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value are in a stable state, and the imaginary part of the mark point of the target amplifying network is 0 and has a minimum real part value;
and determining parameters of the input power supply matching network and the output power supply matching network based on the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value.
Preferably, the process of determining the structure and parameters of the feedback network and determining the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value of the amplifying network based on the state of the input terminal, the state of the output terminal and the marker point of the amplifying network comprises:
determining that the amplifying network is complexA planar output stability region and an input stability region, wherein the complex +.>The plane is +.>The real part of the value is the abscissa, in +.>The imaginary part of the value is a coordinate system constructed by the ordinate;
determining a structure and parameters of the feedback network and determining a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network based on the output stable region, the input stable region and the marker points, wherein the target marker points corresponding to the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value are marker points having a minimum real part value among marker points satisfying a first condition, a second condition and a third condition, and the first condition is: the load reflection coefficient corresponding to the target load impedance value is within the output stability region, the second condition is: the source reflection coefficient corresponding to the target source impedance value is within the input stability region, the third condition is: the marked points corresponding to the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value fall on the horizontal axis of the complex lambda plane.
Preferably, the process of determining the structure and parameters of the feedback network, and determining the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value of the amplifying network based on the output stable region, the input stable region, and the marker point, includes:
adjusting the structure and parameters of the feedback network to enable the marking point of the amplifying network to fall on the transverse axis of the complex lambda plane;
judging whether the amplifying network meets a fourth condition: the load reflection coefficient falls within the output stable region, and the source reflection coefficient falls within the input stable region;
if not, adjusting the structure and parameters of the feedback network, enabling the mark point of the amplifying network to move a preset step length in the forward direction on the transverse axis of the complex lambda plane, and returning to execute the step of judging whether the amplifying network meets the following conditions;
if yes, adjusting the structure and parameters of the feedback network, and enabling the mark point of the amplifying network to move a preset step length in the negative direction on the transverse axis of the complex lambda plane;
judging whether the amplifying network meets a fifth condition: the load reflection coefficient falls on the boundary of the output stable region, or the source reflection coefficient falls on the boundary of the input stable region;
if not, returning to execute the step of adjusting the structure and parameters of the feedback network to enable the mark point of the amplifying network to move a preset step length in the negative direction on the transverse axis of the complex lambda plane;
if so, determining a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network based on the load reflection coefficient and the source reflection coefficient of the amplifying network.
Preferably, determining that the amplifying network is complexA process of planar output stable region and input stable region comprising:
calculating to obtain a load impedance value and a source impedance value based on the Z parameter of the amplifying network;
converting the load impedance value into a load reflection coefficient, calculating the center and radius of an output stability circle based on the load reflection coefficient and the S parameter of the amplifying network, and determining the output stability circle as an output stability area;
and converting the source impedance value into a source reflection coefficient, calculating the center and radius of an input stability circle based on the source reflection coefficient and the S parameter of the amplifying network, and determining the input stability circle as an input stability area.
A second aspect of the present application provides a maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier constructed using the method described above, comprising:
the input power supply matching network, the amplifying network and the output power supply matching network are sequentially cascaded;
the input power supply matching network is used for providing direct-current bias voltage for the amplifying network at an input end;
the amplifying network is used for amplifying the electric signals input by the input power supply matching network and outputting the electric signals to the output power supply matching network;
the output power supply matching network is used for providing direct-current bias voltage for the amplifying network at an output end;
the input end and the output end of the amplifying network are respectively in a critical stable state and a stable state, or the input end and the output end of the amplifying network are respectively in a stable state and a critical stable state;
the imaginary part of the lambda value of the amplifying network is 0, wherein,，/>and->Is the S parameter of the amplifying network.
Preferably, the real part value of the lambda value is the smallest real part value that can be obtained if the sixth condition is satisfied;
the sixth condition is: the input end and the output end of the amplifying network are respectively in a critical stable state and a stable state, or the input end and the output end of the amplifying network are respectively in a stable state and a critical stable state.
Preferably, the amplifying network is composed of an active two-port network and a feedback network connected in parallel with the active two-port network;
the feedback network comprises a first capacitor, a first inductor, a second inductor and a third inductor;
the second inductor is connected in series with the input end of the active two-port network, and the third inductor is connected in series with the output end of the active two-port network;
after the first inductor and the first capacitor are connected in series, one end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the second inductor, which is far away from the active two-port network, and the other end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the third inductor, which is far away from the active two-port network.
Preferably, the input power supply matching network comprises a fourth inductor, a fifth inductor and a second capacitor;
one end of the fourth inductor is connected to the input end of the input power supply matching network, and the other end of the fourth inductor is grounded;
one end of the second capacitor is connected to the input end of the input power supply matching network, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the output end of the input power supply matching network;
one end of the fifth inductor is connected to the output end of the input power supply matching network, and the other end of the fifth inductor is connected to the first direct-current power supply.
Preferably, the output power supply matching network comprises a third capacitor and a sixth inductor;
one end of the third capacitor is connected to the input end of the output power supply matching network, and the other end of the third capacitor is connected to the output end of the output power supply matching network;
one end of the sixth inductor is connected to the input end of the output power supply matching network, and the other end of the sixth inductor is connected to the second direct-current power supply.
Preferably, the transistors of the active two-port network are transistors manufactured by a 40nm process;
the first capacitor is 100fF, the second capacitor is 16fF, and the third capacitor is 27fF;
the first inductor is 32pH, the second inductor is 11pH, the third inductor is 7.9pH, the fourth inductor is 30.5pH, the fifth inductor is 85.95pH, and the sixth inductor is 36.16pH.
According to the technical scheme, the positive feedback amplifier is firstly built, wherein the positive feedback amplifier comprises an input power supply matching network, an amplifying network and an output power supply matching network which are sequentially cascaded, and the amplifying network is composed of an active two-port network and a feedback network which is connected with the active two-port network in parallel. Then, a marker point of the amplifying network in a complex lambda plane is determined based on the S-parameters of the amplifying network. Wherein the complex lambda plane is a coordinate system constructed with the real part of the lambda value as the abscissa and the imaginary part of the lambda value as the ordinate, the coordinates of the marker point being determined by the lambda value of the amplifying network,，/>and->Is the S parameter of the amplifying network. Next, based on the state of the input of the amplifying network, the state of the output and the marker point, the structure and parameters of the feedback network are determined, and a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network are determined. Wherein by controlling the state of the input end and the state of the output end, the control circuit can ensureThe amplifying network does not oscillate; by controlling the mark point it is ensured that the maximum efficiency gain can be achieved. And finally, determining the structures and parameters of the input power supply matching network and the output power supply matching network based on the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value. The construction method of the amplifying network is clear, the maximum efficiency gain of the amplifying network can be maximized, oscillation does not occur, and therefore the high-gain amplifier is effectively realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method of constructing a maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 illustrates a maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 illustrates a landmark, etc. disclosed in an embodiment of the present applicationG ME A line and an isok line;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of determining a target landmark according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the present applicationJudging the stability of the output end and the input end by a plane;
FIG. 6 illustrates a feedback network disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 illustrates a specific composition of a maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 illustrates a construction method according to an embodiment of the present applicationG ME An S parameter of the amplifier;
FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an implementation not employing the present applicationObtained by the construction method of the example publicationG ME S parameter of the amplifier.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The maximum efficiency gain is the gain when the output power of the amplifier reaches the maximum when the input power of the amplifier is fixed. By matching the input and output of the amplifier network to specific impedance values, maximum efficiency gain of the amplifier can be achievedG ME 。G ME The design method of the terahertz amplifier can be applied to the potentially unstable amplifier, so that the design range of the amplifier is widened, and the gain bottleneck of the terahertz amplifier is favorably broken through. However, at presentG ME The amplifier lacks an efficient, accurate design and optimization method. Designer enhancements by adding feedback networks to the amplifier networkG ME However, the feedback network has a plurality of structures and parameters, so that the optimization direction of the feedback network cannot be clarified at present, and the feedback network and the corresponding feedback network cannot be determinedG ME Whether or not the best is achieved. In addition, due toG ME The design method of (2) can be applied to a potentially unstable amplifier network, and the designed amplifier may oscillate, resulting in circuit failure. The present application aims to optimize the "maximum efficiency gain" on the premise of ensuring that the amplifier is stable, so as to realize an optimized maximum efficiency gain amplifier.
The method for constructing the maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier provided in the embodiment of the present application is first described below. Referring to fig. 1, the method for constructing the maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier according to the embodiment of the present application may include the following steps:
step S101, building a positive feedback amplifier.
As shown in fig. 2, the positive feedback amplifier includes an input power supply matching network 10, an amplifying network 20 and an output power supply matching network 30 that are sequentially cascaded, where the amplifying network 20 is composed of an active two-port network 21 and a feedback network 22 connected in parallel to the active two-port network 21.
Step S102, determining the marking point of the amplifying network in the complex lambda plane based on the S parameter of the amplifying network.
Wherein the complex lambda plane is a coordinate system constructed with the real part of the lambda value as the abscissa and the imaginary part of the lambda value as the ordinate, the coordinates of the marker point being determined by the lambda value of the amplifying network, in particular, the lambda value being determined by the following formula:
；
and->To amplify the S parameters of the network.
Step S103, determining the structure and parameters of the feedback network, and determining the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value of the amplifying network based on the marking point of the amplifying network, the state of the input terminal and the state of the output terminal.
The input end and the output end of the target amplifying network corresponding to the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value are both in a stable state, and the imaginary part of the marking point of the target amplifying network is 0.
The state of the input and the state of the output of the amplifying network can be determined by numerical calculation, for example, so that the input and the output are in a stable state.
The marking point reflects the gain condition of the amplifying network, and the marking point for obtaining the maximum gain in the stable state is obtained through calculation, so that the gain value of the amplifying network can be improved.
Step S104, based on the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value, the structures and parameters of the input power supply matching network and the output power supply matching network are determined.
Specifically, based on the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value, the composition of each passive element in the feedback network of the amplifying network and the parameter values of each passive device are determined.
The method comprises the steps that firstly, a positive feedback amplifier is built, wherein the positive feedback amplifier comprises an input power supply matching network, an amplifying network and an output power supply matching network which are sequentially cascaded, and the amplifying network is composed of an active two-port network and a feedback network which is connected with the active two-port network in parallel. Then, a marker point of the amplifying network in a complex lambda plane is determined based on the S-parameters of the amplifying network. Wherein the complex lambda plane is a coordinate system constructed with the real part of the lambda value as the abscissa and the imaginary part of the lambda value as the ordinate, the coordinates of the marker point being determined by the lambda value of the amplifying network,，/>andis the S parameter of the amplifying network. Next, based on the state of the input of the amplifying network, the state of the output and the marker point, the structure and parameters of the feedback network are determined, and a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network are determined. Wherein, by controlling the state of the input end and the state of the output end, the amplifying network can be ensured not to oscillate; by controlling the mark point it is ensured that the maximum efficiency gain can be achieved. And finally, determining the structures and parameters of the input power supply matching network and the output power supply matching network based on the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value. The construction method of the amplifying network is clear, the maximum efficiency gain of the amplifying network can be maximized, oscillation does not occur, and therefore the high-gain amplifier is effectively realized.
In some embodiments of the present application, step S103 of determining the structure and parameters of the feedback network and determining the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value of the amplifying network based on the marking point of the amplifying network, the state of the input terminal and the state of the output terminal may include:
s1, determining that an amplifying network is complexA planar output stable region and an input stable region.
Wherein, complexThe plane is +.>The real part of the value is the abscissa, in +.>The imaginary part of the value is the coordinate system constructed in ordinate,the value is the reflection coefficient of the amplifying network, and can specifically comprise a load reflection coefficient and a source reflection coefficient.
S2, determining the structure and parameters of a feedback network based on the output stable region, the input stable region and the mark point, and determining a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network.
Wherein the target mark point corresponding to the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value is a mark point having a smallest real part value among mark points satisfying the first condition, the second condition, and the third condition.
The first condition is: the load reflection coefficient corresponding to the target load impedance value is within the output stability region.
The second condition is: the source reflection coefficient corresponding to the target source impedance value is within the input stability region.
The third condition is: the mark points corresponding to the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value fall on the horizontal axis of the complex lambda plane.
The technical principle of S2 will be described in detail below.
Maximum efficiency gain of an amplification networkExpressed as:
（1）
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,、/>、/>、/>to amplify the Y parameter of the network, +.>Is->Real part of->Is->The above formula can be rewritten as an expression for λ and stability factor k:
（2）
where k can be expressed as an expression for λ and the unidirectionalized power gain U:
（3）
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,is->Real part of->Is->Is a virtual part of (c).
Substituting formula (5) into formula (4) canThe expression for λ and unidirectionalized power gain U will be expressed as:
（4）
as shown in FIG. 3, according to the formulas (3) and (4), the compound plane can be drawn to obtain the sameG ME Lines and isok lines. Therefore, the movement track of the mark point on the complex lambda plane is utilized by the amplifying network and combinedG ME Line and isok line, the feedback network parameters can be visually researched on the amplifying networkG ME And directionally optimizes the amplification network.
Observe the same in FIG. 3G ME The lines and isok lines can be seen, on the one hand, for a givenG ME Values of, etcG ME The stability of each point on the line is different, and the point with the highest stability appears at the same pointG ME A point at which the line intersects the transverse axis; on the other hand, withG ME Is increased by the value of (a)G ME The contour line expands in the negative direction of the horizontal axis.
Based on the two points, the application proposes that the marked point of the amplifying network on the complex lambda plane is moved to the transverse axis by adjusting the feedback network parameters in the amplifying network, and gradually moves to the negative direction of the transverse axis. This allows to find the maximum of the amplification network in the case of optimal stabilityG ME Thereby greatly simplifying the amplifying networkG ME Is performed in the optimization step of (a). In particular, the positive feedback network parameter Z can be adjusted 1 The amplifying network marker point is moved to overlap the horizontal axis as shown in fig. 3 at point B.
For the amplifying network, if the input port is unstable, i.e. the real part of the input impedance is smaller than 0, the source impedance cannot be matched with the input impedance in a conjugate way, so that the amplifying network cannot be matched toG ME The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If its output port is unstable, i.e. its real part of the output impedance is less than 0, its output port will oscillate, the network will become an oscillator and an amplifier cannot be constructed. Thus, both input and output ports are stable to achieve matching toG ME Is a necessary condition for the amplifier.
Wherein the load impedance value of the amplifying networkZ L And source impedance valueZ S Can be calculated by equation (5) and equation (6), respectively:
（5）
（6）
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,、/>、/>and->To amplify the Z parameter of the network. Specifically, the->When the output end of the amplifying network is open circuit, the impedance of the input end of the amplifying network; />When the output end of the amplifying network is open circuit, the transfer impedance of the output end of the amplifying network to the input end; />When the input end of the amplifying network is open circuit, the transfer impedance of the input end to the output end of the amplifying network; />When the input end of the amplifying network is open, the input impedance of the output end of the amplifying network; />Is->Is a real part of (c).
Based on the foregoing analysis, it can be appreciated that maximum efficiency gain is achieved for an amplification networkG ME Provided that the load impedance and the source impedance satisfy equations (5) and (6), respectively, while the amplifying network is matched toG ME When the source impedance and the input impedance are in conjugate match. Accordingly, the maximum efficiency gain can be calculated according to the formulas (5) and (6) according to the Z parameter of the amplifying networkG ME Corresponding load impedance value Z L And source impedance value Z S . Then, the S parameter and Z of the amplifying network are combined L 、Z S And judging the stability of the output port and the input port.
In some embodiments of the present application, the step S1 determines that the amplifying network is complexΓThe process of planar output stable region and input stable region may include:
s11, calculating a load impedance value Z based on the Z parameter of the amplifying network L And source impedance value Z S 。
S12, the load impedance value Z L Conversion to load reflection coefficientΓ L And based on load reflection coefficientΓ L Amplifying netS parameter of complex, C of output stability circle is obtained by calculation L And radius R L The output stability circle is determined as an output stability region.
S13, the source impedance value Z S Conversion to source reflectanceΓ S And based on source reflection coefficientΓ S And amplifying S parameter of network, calculating to obtain C of input stability circle S And radius R S An input stability circle is determined as an input stability region.
In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 4, the step of determining the structure and parameters of the feedback network and determining the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value of the amplifying network according to the above S2 may include:
s21, adjusting the structure and parameters of the feedback network to enable the marking point of the amplifying network to fall on the transverse axis of the complex lambda plane.
The structure of the feedback network may be adjusted by adding passive devices, such as capacitors, inductors, resistors, etc., in parallel or in series, and the marking point of the amplifying network may be caused to fall on the horizontal axis of the complex lambda plane in combination with adjusting the parameters of one or more of the passive devices.
S22, judging whether the amplifying network meets the following conditions: the load reflection coefficient falls within the output stability region and the source reflection coefficient falls within the input stability region. If yes, executing S24; if not, S23 is performed.
S23, adjusting the structure and parameters of the feedback network, enabling the mark point of the amplifying network to move a preset step length in the forward direction on the transverse axis of the complex lambda plane, and returning to execute S22.
S24, adjusting the structure and parameters of the feedback network, and enabling the marking point of the amplifying network to move a preset step length in the negative direction on the transverse axis of the complex lambda plane.
S25, judging whether the amplifying network meets the following conditions: the load reflection coefficient falls at the boundary of the output stable region, or the source reflection coefficient falls at the boundary of the input stable region. If yes, executing S26; if not, the process returns to S24.
S26, determining a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network based on the load reflection coefficient and the source reflection coefficient of the amplifying network.
FIG. 5 illustrates the process ofΓOutput stability circle, input stability circle, load reflection coefficient of amplifying network drawn in planeΓ L Coefficient of source reflectionΓ S . When (when)Γ L If the output port is positioned in the output stable area, the output port of the amplifying network is stable, otherwise, the output port is unstable; when (when)Γ S If the input port is positioned in the input stable region, the input port of the amplifying network is stable, and if the input port is not stable, the input port of the amplifying network is unstable.
The maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier provided by the embodiment of the present application is constructed by the method described above.
Referring to fig. 2, the maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier provided in the embodiments of the present application may include an input power supply matching network 10, an amplifying network 20, and an output power supply matching network 30 that are sequentially cascaded.
Wherein the input supply matching network 10 is used to provide a dc bias voltage to the amplifying network 20 at an input. The amplifying network 20 is used for amplifying the electrical signal input by the input power supply matching network 10 and outputting the amplified electrical signal to the output power supply matching network 30. The output supply matching network 30 is used to provide a dc bias voltage at the output to the amplifying network.
The input and output of the amplifying network 20 are in a critical steady state and steady state, respectively, or the input and output of the amplifying network 20 are in a steady state and critical steady state, respectively.
The imaginary part of the lambda value of the amplifying network is 0, wherein,，/>and->To amplify the S parameters of the network.
In some embodiments of the present application, the real value of the lambda value is the minimum real value that can be obtained if:
the input and output ends of the amplifying network are in critical steady state and steady state respectively, or the input and output ends of the amplifying network are in steady state and critical steady state respectively.
In some embodiments of the present application, referring to fig. 6, the amplifying network 20 is composed of an active two-port network 21 and a feedback network 22 connected in parallel to the active two-port network 21.
The feedback network 22 includes a first capacitor C1, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, and a third inductor L3.
The second inductor L2 is connected in series to the input terminal of the active two-port network 21, and the third inductor L3 is connected in series to the output terminal of the active two-port network 21.
After the first inductor L1 and the first capacitor C1 are connected in series, one end is connected to one end I2 of the second inductor L2 far away from the active two-port network 21, and the other end is connected to one end O2 of the third inductor L3 far away from the active two-port network 21.
In some embodiments of the present application, referring to fig. 7, the input power matching network 10 includes a fourth inductor L4, a fifth inductor L5, and a second capacitor C2.
One end of the fourth inductor L4 is connected to the input terminal I1 of the input power supply matching network 10, and the other end is grounded.
One end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the input terminal I1 of the input power matching network 10, and the other end is connected to the output terminal O1 of the input power matching network 10.
One end of the fifth inductor L5 is connected to the output terminal O1 of the input power matching network 10, and the other end is connected to the first direct current power supply VB.
In some embodiments of the present application, referring to fig. 7, the output power matching network 30 includes a third capacitor C3 and a sixth inductor L6.
One end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the input terminal I3 of the output power supply matching network 30, and the other end is connected to the output terminal O3 of the output power supply matching network 30.
One end of the sixth inductor L6 is connected to the input terminal I3 of the output power matching network 30, and the other end is connected to the second dc power supply VDD.
As shown in fig. 3, according to the method for constructing the maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier provided above, the parameter values of the passive elements in the feedback network 22 are adjusted to change Z L And Z S The coordinate of the amplifying network 20 on the complex lambda plane moves towards the negative half axis direction of the abscissa until the output end of the amplifying network 20 is in a critical stable state and the input end is in a stable state; or the input port of the amplifying network is in a critical steady state and the output port is in a steady state. Illustratively, in compoundingΓIn plane, letΓ S Intersecting with the output stability circle, anΓ L Is located within the input stability region as shown in fig. 5. At this time, the amplifying network 20G ME Reaching an optimum value of 7.61 and dB, the amplifying network 20 is thus up to this point without oscillation at both the input and outputG ME Maximization is achieved.
In the case of a transistor of the active two-port network being a 40nm process transistor, Z is determined as before L And Z S The first capacitor C1 is calculated to be 100fF, the second capacitor C2 is calculated to be 16fF, and the third capacitor C3 is calculated to be 27fF; the first inductance L1 is 32pH, the second inductance L2 is 11pH, the third inductance L3 is 7.9pH, the fourth inductance L4 is 30.5pH, the fifth inductance L5 is 85.95pH, and the sixth inductance L6 is 36.16pH.
Wherein the S parameter of the amplifier at this parameter setting is as shown in FIG. 8, S at 200GHz 11 And S is 22 And are smaller than 0, which indicates that neither the input nor the output ports of the amplifier are oscillated, and the small signal gain of the amplifier is 7.61dB. By contrast, the same transistor is used, and conjugate matching gain is usedG MA The gain of the designed amplifier is 3.58dB; in addition, one employs maximum efficiency gainG MA An amplifier designed, but not optimized by the method described in this application, with an S-parameter as shown in FIG. 9, has a small signal gain of 7.01dB at 200GHz, but an S-parameter of 22 Above 0, 0.8dB is reached, indicating that the output port of the amplifier will oscillate. Compared with the prior art, the design method can improve the gain of the terahertz amplifier under the condition of ensuring that the amplifier does not vibrate.
To sum up:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a positive feedback amplifier is built, wherein the positive feedback amplifier comprises an input power supply matching network, an amplifying network and an output power supply matching network which are sequentially cascaded, and the amplifying network is composed of an active two-port network and a feedback network which is connected with the active two-port network in parallel. Then, a marker point of the amplifying network in a complex lambda plane is determined based on the S-parameters of the amplifying network. Wherein the complex lambda plane is a coordinate system constructed with the real part of the lambda value as the abscissa and the imaginary part of the lambda value as the ordinate, the coordinates of the marker point being determined by the lambda value of the amplifying network,，/>andis the S parameter of the amplifying network. Next, based on the state of the input of the amplifying network, the state of the output and the marker point, the structure and parameters of the feedback network are determined, and a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network are determined. Wherein, by controlling the state of the input end and the state of the output end, the amplifying network can be ensured not to oscillate; by controlling the mark point it is ensured that the maximum efficiency gain can be achieved. And finally, determining the structures and parameters of the input power supply matching network and the output power supply matching network based on the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value. The construction method of the amplifying network is clear, the maximum efficiency gain of the amplifying network can be maximized, oscillation does not occur, and therefore the high-gain amplifier is effectively realized.
Finally, it is further noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and may be combined according to needs, and the same similar parts may be referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A method of constructing a maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier, comprising:
building a positive feedback amplifier, wherein the positive feedback amplifier comprises an input power supply matching network, an amplifying network and an output power supply matching network which are sequentially cascaded, and the amplifying network is composed of an active two-port network and a feedback network connected in parallel with the active two-port network;
determining a marker point of the amplifying network in a complex lambda plane based on an S parameter of the amplifying network, wherein the complex lambda plane is a coordinate system constructed by taking a real part of a lambda value as an abscissa and an imaginary part of the lambda value as an ordinate, the coordinate of the marker point is determined by the lambda value of the amplifying network,，/>and->S parameters for the amplifying network;
determining a structure and parameters of the feedback network based on the marked point, the state of the input end and the state of the output end of the amplifying network, and determining a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network, wherein the input end and the output end of the target amplifying network corresponding to the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value are in a stable state, and the imaginary part of the marked point of the target amplifying network is 0 and has a minimum real part value;
and determining the structures and parameters of the input power supply matching network and the output power supply matching network based on the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the structure and parameters of the feedback network, and determining the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value of the amplification network based on the marker point of the amplification network, the state of the input, and the state of the output, comprises:
determining that the amplifying network is complexA planar output stability region and an input stability region, wherein the complex +.>The plane is +.>The real part of the value is the abscissa, in +.>The imaginary part of the value is a coordinate system constructed by the ordinate;
determining a structure and parameters of the feedback network and determining a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network based on the output stable region, the input stable region and the marker points, wherein the target marker points corresponding to the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value are marker points having a minimum real part value among marker points satisfying a first condition, a second condition and a third condition, and the first condition is: the load reflection coefficient corresponding to the target load impedance value is within the output stability region, the second condition is: the source reflection coefficient corresponding to the target source impedance value is within the input stability region, the third condition is: the marked points corresponding to the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value fall on the horizontal axis of the complex lambda plane.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the structure and parameters of the feedback network, and determining the target load impedance value and the target source impedance value of the amplification network based on the output stability region, the input stability region, and the marker point, comprises:
adjusting the structure and parameters of the feedback network to enable the marking point of the amplifying network to fall on the transverse axis of the complex lambda plane;
judging whether the amplifying network meets a fourth condition: the load reflection coefficient falls within the output stable region, and the source reflection coefficient falls within the input stable region;
if not, adjusting the structure and parameters of the feedback network, enabling the mark point of the amplifying network to move a preset step length in the forward direction on the transverse axis of the complex lambda plane, and returning to execute the step of judging whether the amplifying network meets the following conditions;
if yes, adjusting the structure and parameters of the feedback network, and enabling the mark point of the amplifying network to move a preset step length in the negative direction on the transverse axis of the complex lambda plane;
judging whether the amplifying network meets a fifth condition: the load reflection coefficient falls on the boundary of the output stable region, or the source reflection coefficient falls on the boundary of the input stable region;
if not, returning to execute the step of adjusting the structure and parameters of the feedback network to enable the mark point of the amplifying network to move a preset step length in the negative direction on the transverse axis of the complex lambda plane;
if so, determining a target load impedance value and a target source impedance value of the amplifying network based on the load reflection coefficient and the source reflection coefficient of the amplifying network.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining that the amplification network is complexA process of planar output stable region and input stable region comprising:
calculating to obtain a load impedance value and a source impedance value based on the Z parameter of the amplifying network;
converting the load impedance value into a load reflection coefficient, calculating the center and radius of an output stability circle based on the load reflection coefficient and the S parameter of the amplifying network, and determining the output stability circle as an output stability area;
and converting the source impedance value into a source reflection coefficient, calculating the center and radius of an input stability circle based on the source reflection coefficient and the S parameter of the amplifying network, and determining the input stability circle as an input stability area.
5. A maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier comprising:
the input power supply matching network, the amplifying network and the output power supply matching network are sequentially cascaded;
the input power supply matching network is used for providing direct-current bias voltage for the amplifying network at an input end;
the amplifying network is used for amplifying the electric signals input by the input power supply matching network and outputting the electric signals to the output power supply matching network;
the output power supply matching network is used for providing direct-current bias voltage for the amplifying network at an output end;
the input end and the output end of the amplifying network are respectively in a critical stable state and a stable state, or the input end and the output end of the amplifying network are respectively in a stable state and a critical stable state;
the imaginary part of the lambda value of the amplifying network is 0, wherein,，/>and->Is the S parameter of the amplifying network.
6. The maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier of claim 5 wherein the real value of the lambda value is the minimum real value attainable under the sixth condition;
the sixth condition is: the input end and the output end of the amplifying network are respectively in a critical stable state and a stable state, or the input end and the output end of the amplifying network are respectively in a stable state and a critical stable state.
7. The maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier of claim 6 wherein the amplification network is comprised of an active two-port network and a feedback network connected in parallel to the active two-port network;
the feedback network comprises a first capacitor, a first inductor, a second inductor and a third inductor;
the second inductor is connected in series with the input end of the active two-port network, and the third inductor is connected in series with the output end of the active two-port network;
after the first inductor and the first capacitor are connected in series, one end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the second inductor, which is far away from the active two-port network, and the other end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the third inductor, which is far away from the active two-port network.
8. The maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier of claim 7 wherein the input supply matching network comprises a fourth inductance, a fifth inductance, and a second capacitance;
one end of the fourth inductor is connected to the input end of the input power supply matching network, and the other end of the fourth inductor is grounded;
one end of the second capacitor is connected to the input end of the input power supply matching network, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the output end of the input power supply matching network;
one end of the fifth inductor is connected to the output end of the input power supply matching network, and the other end of the fifth inductor is connected to the first direct-current power supply.
9. The maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier of claim 8 wherein the output supply matching network comprises a third capacitor and a sixth inductor;
one end of the third capacitor is connected to the input end of the output power supply matching network, and the other end of the third capacitor is connected to the output end of the output power supply matching network;
one end of the sixth inductor is connected to the input end of the output power supply matching network, and the other end of the sixth inductor is connected to the second direct-current power supply.
10. The maximum efficiency gain positive feedback amplifier of claim 9 wherein the transistors of the active two port network are 40nm process transistors;
the first capacitor is 100fF, the second capacitor is 16fF, and the third capacitor is 27fF;
the first inductor is 32pH, the second inductor is 11pH, the third inductor is 7.9pH, the fourth inductor is 30.5pH, the fifth inductor is 85.95pH, and the sixth inductor is 36.16pH.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3701036A (en) * 1970-09-28 1972-10-24 Wiltron Co Variable gain amplifier system
US20210044260A1 (en) * 2019-08-08 2021-02-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Noise reduction in high frequency amplifiers using transmission lines to provide feedback
CN115296629A (en) * 2022-10-10 2022-11-04 广东大湾区空天信息研究院 High-gain positive feedback amplifier

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3701036A (en) * 1970-09-28 1972-10-24 Wiltron Co Variable gain amplifier system
US20210044260A1 (en) * 2019-08-08 2021-02-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Noise reduction in high frequency amplifiers using transmission lines to provide feedback
CN115296629A (en) * 2022-10-10 2022-11-04 广东大湾区空天信息研究院 High-gain positive feedback amplifier

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