CN116505272A - Antenna, radar and antenna adjustment method - Google Patents
Antenna, radar and antenna adjustment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116505272A CN116505272A CN202210055638.XA CN202210055638A CN116505272A CN 116505272 A CN116505272 A CN 116505272A CN 202210055638 A CN202210055638 A CN 202210055638A CN 116505272 A CN116505272 A CN 116505272A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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Abstract
The application discloses an antenna, a radar and an antenna adjusting method, wherein the antenna comprises the following steps: the antenna comprises M antenna subarrays connected through a microstrip line feed network, wherein any antenna subarray of the M antenna subarrays comprises N single-column antenna arrays, any single-column antenna array of the N single-column antenna arrays comprises K radiating units which are arranged at equal intervals, the widths or lengths of the K radiating units are different, and M, N and K are positive integers; by adopting the technical scheme, the problems of complex structure, high cost and the like of the antenna when the radar horizontal plane wide beam coverage target is realized in the related technology are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to an antenna, a radar, and an antenna adjustment method.
Background
In the related art, with the development of economy, traffic safety has become a problem to be solved in full-ball emergency, and an advanced driving assistance system (Advanced Driver Assistance System, abbreviated as ADAS) can help a driver to perceive the surrounding environment of an automobile, assist the driver to drive safely, and greatly reduce the occurrence rate of traffic accidents by warning the driver of possible dangerous situations in advance and then taking emergency measures.
The millimeter wave vehicle radar has the advantages of wide frequency band, small volume, high spatial resolution, strong penetrability and the like, and becomes an indispensable sensor in an ADAS system. For the millimeter wave vehicle radar, the 4D millimeter wave vehicle radar has become the mainstream development direction of the millimeter wave vehicle radar due to high distance and angle resolution, long detection distance and wide detection angle.
In the antenna implementation mode for the 4D millimeter wave vehicle radar, as shown in fig. 1, three antenna combinations of an auxiliary antenna 1, an auxiliary antenna 2 and an auxiliary antenna 3 are required to work simultaneously so as to realize 120-degree wide beam coverage of the radar level; as another scheme shown in fig. 2, the coverage of 120-degree wide beam of the radar level is realized by adopting an 8-layer PCB board.
Although the two schemes achieve 120-degree wide beam coverage of the radar level, the scheme shown in the figure 1 works simultaneously through three antenna combinations, and requires 3 independent antennas and 3 signal output ports of a radio frequency chip, so that the cost is high and the structure is complex; in addition, when the coverage of the horizontal plane wide beam is realized by adopting the scheme shown in the figure 1, the signal intensity is reduced by 6dB compared with the maximum radiation direction at +/-60 degrees, and the detection accuracy of a large-angle target is seriously affected; the scheme shown in fig. 2 requires 8 layers of PCB boards, and has complex structure, high processing difficulty and high cost; therefore, both schemes are not suitable for being applied to the field of 4D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radars.
Aiming at the problems of complex structure, high cost and the like of an antenna when the coverage of a radar horizontal plane wide beam is realized in the prior art, no effective solution is proposed yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an antenna, a radar and an antenna adjusting method, which are used for at least solving the problems of complex structure, high cost and the like of the antenna when a radar horizontal plane wide beam coverage target is realized in the related technology.
According to an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an antenna including: m antenna subarrays connected through a microstrip line feed network, wherein any antenna subarray in the M antenna subarrays comprises N single-array antenna arrays, any single-array antenna array in the N single-array antenna arrays comprises K radiating elements which are arranged at equal intervals, the widths or lengths of the K radiating elements are different, and M, N and K are positive integers.
In an exemplary embodiment, the any single-column antenna array includes: the radiation units are staggered and are comb-shaped, wherein the corresponding directions of an a-th radiation unit and a b-th radiation unit in the K radiation units are opposite, a is an odd number, and b is an even number.
In an exemplary embodiment, a distance d1=0.4×λg between any two single-column antenna arrays between the N single-column antenna arrays, where λg is a medium wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna.
In an exemplary embodiment, the N single-column antennas include: and the N feed ports are connected through the microstrip line feed network.
In one exemplary embodiment, the microstrip line feed network includes: and N impedance matching feeder lines corresponding to the N feeder ports, wherein the N impedance matching feeder lines are in one-to-one correspondence with the N feeder ports, and the N impedance matching feeder lines are connected through a feeder network.
In one exemplary embodiment, n=6, m=2, and k=5.
In an exemplary embodiment, the microstrip feed network further includes: and the feeder line port is connected with the impedance matching feeder line and is used for connecting with an output port of the radio frequency chip signal.
According to another aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is also provided a radar including an antenna as described in any one of the above.
According to still another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is further provided an antenna adjustment method, which is applied to the above antenna, including: calculating the length and width of the impedance matching feeder line required by the antenna by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain the length and width of the impedance matching feeder line; and changing the amplitude and the phase of the input signals of the single-column antenna array connected with the impedance matching feeder line according to the length and the width of the impedance matching feeder line.
In an exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises: changing the amplitude and the phase of a chip signal output port to obtain the amplitude and the phase of an input signal of the modified antenna subarray, wherein the chip signal output port is connected with a feeder line port of the antenna subarray; and adopting a genetic algorithm, and combining the amplitude and the phase of the input signals of the antenna subarrays with the amplitude and the phase of the input signals of the single-column antenna array to change the horizontal plane beam width of the antenna.
In the embodiment of the application, M antenna subarrays are connected through a microstrip line feed network, wherein any antenna subarray of the M antenna subarrays comprises N single-column antenna arrays, any single-column antenna array of the N single-column antenna arrays comprises K radiating elements arranged at equal intervals, and widths or lengths of the K radiating elements are different, wherein M, N and K are positive integers; by adopting the technical scheme, the problems of complex structure, high cost and the like of the antenna when the coverage of the wide beam of the radar horizontal plane is realized in the related technology are solved, and the technical effect of providing the low side lobe and wide beam antenna of the millimeter wave imaging radar which is easy to process and low in cost is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art radar antenna;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array plane in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional series fed antenna array in the prior art;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an alternative antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an alternative low sidelobe single column antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is another schematic structural view of an alternative low sidelobe single column antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of radiation directions of a conventional antenna in the prior art;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of an alternate single column antenna radiating vertical plane direction according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an alternative millimeter wave low side lobe, wide beam antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an alternative microstrip feed network structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of another microstrip feed network structure according to an alternative embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is an alternative antenna radiation level direction schematic in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of an alternative antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 14 is an alternative antenna radiation level direction schematic diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 is an alternative antenna radiation level direction schematic in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of an alternative antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 17 is an alternative antenna radiation level direction schematic diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 18 is a flowchart of an alternative antenna adjustment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
In order to make the present application solution better understood by those skilled in the art, the following description will be made in detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present application and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that embodiments of the present application described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art radar antenna. As shown in fig. 1, a radar antenna is provided, specifically, three antenna combinations of an auxiliary antenna 1, an auxiliary antenna 2 and an auxiliary antenna 3 are adopted to work simultaneously; because the radar antenna needs 3 independent antennas and 3 signal output ports of the radio frequency chip, the structure is complex, and the manufacturing cost is high; when the radar antenna is used for realizing coverage of a horizontal plane wide beam, the signal intensity is reduced by 6dB compared with the maximum radiation direction at +/-60 degrees, and the detection accuracy of a large-angle target is seriously affected, so that the radar antenna is not suitable for application in the field of 4D millimeter wave radars.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array plane in the prior art. As shown in fig. 2, the antenna array plane is composed of 8 layers of PCB boards, and the beam width can be 120 ° in the horizontal plane. However, the antenna array surface has a complex structure, extremely high processing difficulty and extremely high cost, and has low use value in the field of 4D millimeter wave radars.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional series fed antenna array in the prior art, as shown in fig. 3. The length (L in the figure), the width (W in the figure) and the spacing (d in the figure) of each radiation unit are the same, and by adopting the structure, the requirement of small spacing arrangement among single columns is difficult to meet when the array surface is scanned at a large angle, and the mutual coupling among the single columns is larger.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an alternative antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4:
and M antenna subarrays connected through the microstrip line feed network, wherein any antenna subarray in the M antenna subarrays comprises N single-array antenna arrays, any single-array antenna array in the N single-array antenna arrays comprises K radiating elements which are arranged at equal intervals, the widths or lengths of the K radiating elements are different (not explicitly shown in the figure), and M, N and K are positive integers.
Through the antenna, M antenna subarrays are connected through the microstrip line feed network, wherein any antenna subarray of the M antenna subarrays comprises N single-column antenna arrays, any single-column antenna array of the N single-column antenna arrays comprises K radiating units which are arranged at equal intervals, the widths or lengths of the K radiating units are different, and M, N and K are positive integers; by adopting the technical scheme, the problems of high processing difficulty, overhigh cost and the like caused by a plurality of antenna component elements and complex structure in the related technology are solved, and the technical effect of providing a low side lobe and wide beam antenna of the millimeter wave imaging radar which is easy to process and low in cost is realized.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6. The single-column antenna array consists of a radiation unit 21, a radiation unit 22, a radiation unit 23, a radiation unit 24 and a radiation unit 25; the length L1, the width W1, the length L2, the width W2, the length L3, the width W3, the length L4, the width W4, the length L5, the width W5 of the radiating element 21, the radiating element 22, the radiating element 23, the radiating element 24; the spacing between the units is equal and d. By varying the length of each radiating element: the values of L1-L5 and widths W1-W5 can effectively reduce the side lobe level of the antenna radiation pattern; wherein the radiation units 21-25 are arranged in a staggered and comb-shaped manner, the radiation units 21, 23 and 25 are positioned on the same side, and the radiation units 22 and 24 are positioned on the other side; by adopting the arrangement mode, the mutual coupling between the single-row antenna arrays can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the requirement on small-space arrangement between the single-row antenna arrays is met when the array surface is scanned at a large angle.
In an exemplary embodiment, the any single-column antenna array includes: the radiation units are staggered and are comb-shaped, wherein the corresponding directions of an a-th radiation unit and a b-th radiation unit in the K radiation units are opposite, a is an odd number, and b is an even number. And the space D1=0.4xλg of any two single-column antenna arrays among the N single-column antenna arrays, wherein λg is the medium wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna. The N single-column antennas include: and the N feed ports are connected through the microstrip line feed network. The microstrip line feed network comprises: and N impedance matching feeder lines corresponding to the N feeder ports, wherein the N impedance matching feeder lines are in one-to-one correspondence with the N feeder ports, and the N impedance matching feeder lines are connected through a feeder network. N=6, m=2, k=5. The microstrip feed network further comprises: and the feeder line port is used for connecting with an output port of the radio frequency chip signal.
It can be understood that the single-column antenna array comprises K radiating elements, and in order to reduce mutual coupling between the single-column antenna arrays, the K radiating elements are arranged in an staggered comb-shaped arrangement manner; the arrangement mode simultaneously solves the requirement of small-spacing arrangement between the single-row antenna arrays when the array surface is scanned at a large angle; setting the structure and the size of N single-column antenna arrays to be consistent, wherein each single-column antenna array is arranged in a side-by-side straight line, and the interval d1=0.4λg between columns, wherein λg is the medium wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna; the single-array antenna arrays are connected through a microstrip line feed network to form an antenna array surface, wherein the microstrip line feed network is optimally designed, and the feed ports of the single-array antenna arrays are connected with the microstrip line feed network after optimization, so that the amplitudes and phases of the feed ports corresponding to N single-array antennas are different; as shown in fig. 9, the feed network includes N feed ports, N impedance matching feed lines corresponding to the N feed ports, and the N impedance matching feed lines are connected through a feed line network; specifically, m=2, n=6, k=5; the microstrip feed network further comprises a feeder port for connecting with an output port of the radio frequency chip signal.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an alternative single column antenna radiating vertical plane direction according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 8; fig. 7 is a schematic view of radiation directions of a conventional antenna in the prior art, as shown in fig. 7; as can be seen intuitively from fig. 7 and 8, the side lobe level in the radiation pattern of the single-column antenna is < -20dB, and the side lobe level in the radiation pattern of the conventional antenna is < -12dB, and compared with the conventional antenna, the side lobe level of the single-column antenna in the embodiment of the present application is improved by about 8 dB.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an alternative millimeter wave low side lobe, wide beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 9, the antenna is formed by 2 antenna subarrays, each of which is formed by connecting 6 single-column antenna arrays through a microstrip line feed network. Wherein the subarray 4 comprises single-column antenna arrays 81-86 and a microstrip line feed network 6 connected with the single-column antenna arrays 81-86; the subarray 5 comprises a single-column antenna array 91-96 and a microstrip line feed network 7 connected with the single-column antenna array 91-96; the spacing d1=0.4λg between the 12 single-column antenna arrays 81-86, 91-96, wherein λg is the medium wavelength corresponding to the antenna working frequency; total input port spacing d2=6xd1 for antenna subarrays 4, 5.
The number M of the antenna subarrays, the number N of the single-column antenna arrays in one antenna subarray, and the number K of the radiating elements in one single-column antenna array are all positive integers, which are not particularly limited in this application.
Through the antenna, M antenna subarrays are connected through the microstrip line feed network, wherein any antenna subarray of the M antenna subarrays comprises N single-column antenna arrays, any single-column antenna array of the N single-column antenna arrays comprises K radiating units which are arranged at equal intervals, the widths or lengths of the K radiating units are different, and M, N and K are positive integers; by adopting the antenna, the problems of complex structure, high cost and the like of the antenna when the radar horizontal plane wide beam coverage target is realized in the related technology are solved, and the technical effect of providing the millimeter wave imaging radar low side lobe and wide beam antenna which is easy to process and low in cost is realized.
It should be noted that, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention can solve the technical problems related to the 4D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar as well: when the coverage target of the horizontal plane wide beam of the 4D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar is realized, the antenna has the problems of complex structure, high cost and the like.
According to an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an antenna, specifically referring to fig. 9, including: the antenna array comprises 2 antenna subarrays connected through a microstrip line feed network, wherein any one of the 2 antenna subarrays comprises 6 single-column antenna arrays, any one of the 6 single-column antenna arrays comprises 5 radiating elements which are arranged at equal intervals, and the widths or lengths of the 5 radiating elements are different, and the number of the antenna subarrays, the single-column antennas and the radiating elements is not limited.
It should be noted that, the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention works in the millimeter wave band, and the specific frequency is 77GHz.
It should be noted that the foregoing 5 radiating elements may have different widths or lengths, which is to be understood as that the radiating elements may have different lengths or different widths, that is, when the lengths of the two radiating elements are the same, the widths of the two radiating elements may not be the same.
The single-row antenna array comprises a PCB double-layer dielectric plate, a single-row antenna array and a complete metal copper foil on the back surface of the PCB double-layer dielectric plate, wherein the PCB double-layer dielectric plate is made of ROGERS 3003 and has the thickness of 0.127mm; the single-row antenna array is printed on the front surface of the PCB double-layer dielectric plate through an optical drawing process; the antenna array consists of 5 radiating elements 21-25, and the radiating elements 21-25 are arranged in an interlaced comb form, wherein the radiating elements 21, 23 and 25 are positioned on the same side, and the radiating elements 22 and 24 are positioned on the other side; the lengths l1=0.53λg (λg is the medium wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency), l2=0.7λg, l3=0.48λg, l4=0.53λg, l5=0.48λg, w1=0.03λg, w2=0.35λg, w3=0.35λg, w4=0.25λg, w5=0.11λg of the radiation elements 21-25, wherein the radiation element pitches d=0.5λg.
And the antenna comprises an antenna subarray surface 4 and an antenna subarray surface 5; the antenna subarray 4 comprises 6 single-array antenna arrays 81-86 and a microstrip line feeder network connected with the single-array antenna arrays 81-86; the antenna subarray 5 comprises 6 single-row antenna arrays 91-96 and a microstrip line feeder network connected with the single-row antenna arrays 91-96, wherein the antennas are printed on the front surface of a PCB double-layer dielectric plate through optical painting, and the back surface of the PCB double-layer dielectric plate is a complete metal copper foil; wherein, the PCB double-layer dielectric plate is ROGERS 3003 with the thickness of 0.127mm; the structure and the size of each single-row antenna array are kept consistent; the single-column antenna arrays are arranged in a side-by-side straight line, and the interval d1=0.4λg between columns.
By adopting the structure, the problems of complex structure and high cost of the antenna when the coverage of the horizontal plane wide beam of the 4D millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar is realized are solved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the widths or lengths of the 5 radiating units forming the single-row antenna array are different, and the 5 radiating units are distributed at equal intervals, so that the arrangement mode can effectively reduce the interference of signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio; thereby enabling the single-column antenna array to have low side lobe radiation characteristics.
The microstrip line feed network comprises feed lines 61 and 71 connected with signal output ports of the radio frequency chip, feed line networks 62 and 72 connected with each single-column antenna, and 12 impedance matching feed lines 63-68 and 73-78 connected with corresponding ports of each single-column antenna array; impedance matching feeder lines 63-68, 73-78 are connected with single-column antenna array input ports 81-86, 91-96 in a one-to-one correspondence; the length and width of the feeder line corresponding to each impedance matching feeder line are different; by changing the length and width of the impedance matching feed lines 63-68, 73-78, the amplitude and phase of the input signal of the single-column antenna array connected with the impedance matching feed lines can be changed according to the corresponding mapping relation.
The amplitude and phase relation of each port of the single-column antenna arrays 81-86 and 91-96 are as follows: the amplitude and phase values of the ports of the single-array antenna array are normalized by the amplitude and phase of the ports of the single-array antenna array 81, the amplitude a1=1, the phase Φ1=0°, the amplitude a2=2.2, the phase Φ2= -90 °, the amplitude a3=1, the phase Φ3= -93 ° of the single-array antenna array 83, the amplitude a4=2, the phase Φ4= -19 °, the amplitude a5=3.2, the phase Φ5=116 °, the amplitude a6=7, the phase Φ6= -57 °, the amplitude a7=8.5, the phase Φ7= -190 °, the amplitude a8=5.3, the phase Φ8= -272 °, the amplitude a9=6.2, the phase Φ9= -284 °, the amplitude a10=10, the phase Φ10= -210 °, the phase Φ92, the single-array antenna array 95, the amplitude a11=11°, the phase Φ11=12° of the single-array antenna array 96.
In addition, the microstrip feed lines 61 and 71 in fig. 10 and 11 are respectively connected to the signal output ports of the radio frequency chip, and by changing the amplitude and phase values of the signal output ports of the chip, according to the corresponding mapping relationship, the amplitude and phase of the input signals of the antenna subarray 4 and the antenna subarray 5 can be changed accordingly, so that the horizontal plane beam width of the antenna can be changed within the range of 110 ° to 130 °.
In the embodiment of the invention, the single-column antenna arrays are connected through the microstrip line feed network to form an antenna array surface, wherein the feed network is optimally designed to enable the amplitudes and phases of the feed ports corresponding to the 12 single-column antenna arrays to be different, and on the other hand, the radiation requirement of 120 DEG of wide beams of the antenna horizontal plane can be realized by changing the amplitude and phase values of the total input ports corresponding to the antenna subarray 1 and the antenna subarray 2.
Through the antenna, the antenna vertical plane directional diagram side lobe < -20dB is realized, the antenna horizontal plane directional diagram beam width is more than or equal to 120 degrees, and meanwhile, as shown in figure 12, the radiation signal intensity of the antenna fluctuates by <2dB in the coverage range of +/-60 degrees of the horizontal plane; the technical effect of providing a millimeter wave imaging radar low side lobe and wide beam antenna which is easy to process and low in cost is achieved.
It should be noted that, the antenna of the embodiment of the invention is manufactured by the optical painting of the PCB double-layer board, has low cost and is easy to process in batches.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the antenna is an antenna array plane composed of 18 single-column antenna arrays, wherein the single-column antenna array is composed of 5 radiating elements with equal spacing, different widths and lengths; the 6 single-array antenna arrays form an antenna subarray, as shown in fig. 13, "subarray 1+subarray 2" is combined to form one complete array surface of the antenna, and "subarray 2+subarray 3" is combined to form the other complete array surface of the antenna. The single-column antenna arrays forming the subarray 1, the subarray 2 and the subarray 3 are formed by connecting microstrip line feed networks.
By adopting the antenna, the radiation characteristics of low side lobes and wide beams can be realized, and the requirements of ranging, speed measuring, azimuth measuring and the like in short-distance, medium-distance and long-distance vehicle driving scenes can be simultaneously met.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is also provided a radar including the antenna of any one of the above embodiments, wherein the antenna includes: the antenna comprises M antenna subarrays connected through a microstrip line feed network, wherein any antenna subarray of the M antenna subarrays comprises N single-column antenna arrays, any single-column antenna array of the N single-column antenna arrays comprises K radiating units which are arranged at equal intervals, the widths or lengths of the K radiating units are different, and M, N and K are positive integers; the arbitrary single-column antenna array comprises: the radiation units are staggered and are comb-shaped, wherein the corresponding directions of an a-th radiation unit and a b-th radiation unit in the K radiation units are opposite, a is an odd number, and b is an even number. And the space D1=0.4xλg of any two single-column antenna arrays among the N single-column antenna arrays, wherein λg is the medium wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna. The N single-column antennas include: and the N feed ports are connected through the microstrip line feed network. The microstrip line feed network comprises: and N impedance matching feeder lines corresponding to the N feeder ports, wherein the N impedance matching feeder lines are in one-to-one correspondence with the N feeder ports, and the N impedance matching feeder lines are connected through a feeder network. N=6, m=2, k=5. The microstrip feed network further comprises: and the feeder line port is used for connecting with an output port of the radio frequency chip signal.
It can be understood that the radar uses the antenna with any of the above structures, where the single-column antenna array includes K radiating elements, and in order to reduce mutual coupling between the single-column antenna arrays, the K radiating elements are arranged in an staggered comb arrangement manner; the arrangement mode simultaneously solves the requirement of small-spacing arrangement between the single-row antenna arrays when the array surface is scanned at a large angle; setting the structure and the size of N single-column antenna arrays to be consistent, wherein each single-column antenna array is arranged in a side-by-side straight line, and the interval d1=0.4λg between columns, wherein λg is the medium wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna; the single-array antenna arrays are connected through a microstrip line feed network to form an antenna array surface, wherein the microstrip line feed network is optimally designed, and the feed ports of the single-array antenna arrays are connected with the microstrip line feed network after optimization, so that the amplitudes and phases of the feed ports corresponding to N single-array antennas are different; as shown in fig. 8, the feed network includes N feed ports, N impedance matching feed lines corresponding to the N feed ports, and the N impedance matching feed lines are connected through a feed line network; specifically, m=2, n=6, k=5; the microstrip feed network further comprises a feeder port for connecting with an output port of the radio frequency chip signal.
The radar may be used in an advanced driving assistance system, and specifically, may be applied to a vehicle such as an automobile or a cruise ship, which is not limited in this application.
By the radar, the driving scenes of short distance, medium distance and long distance can be considered, the driver is helped to perceive the surrounding environment of the automobile, the driver is helped to drive safely, and the occurrence rate of traffic accidents is greatly reduced.
According to still another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is further provided an antenna adjustment method, which is applied to any one of the antennas described above, including:
fig. 18 is a flowchart of an alternative antenna adjustment method according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 18, including the following steps:
step S1802: calculating the length and width of the impedance matching feeder line required by the antenna by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain the length and width of the impedance matching feeder line;
step S1804: and changing the amplitude and the phase of the input signals of the single-column antenna array connected with the impedance matching feeder line according to the length and the width of the impedance matching feeder line.
It can be understood that, in order to realize the wide beam of the horizontal plane of the antenna, the amplitude and phase values of the input signals of the single-column antenna array need to be modified, and the length and the width of the impedance matching feeder line in the microstrip line feed network affect the amplitude and the phase of the input signals of the single-column antenna array connected with the microstrip line feed network, so that a genetic algorithm can be adopted to optimize the amplitude and the phase required by the output signals of each single-column antenna array through software, the length and the width of the required impedance matching feeder line are calculated according to the calculation formulas of the amplitude, the phase, the width and the length of the feeder line in the electromagnetic field theory, and the length are modified according to the result, thereby realizing the technical effect of the wide beam of the horizontal plane. In an exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises: changing the amplitude and the phase of a chip signal output port to obtain the amplitude and the phase of an input signal of the modified antenna subarray, wherein the chip signal output port is connected with a feeder line port of the antenna subarray; by adopting a genetic algorithm, the amplitude and the phase of the input signals of the antenna subarrays and the amplitude and the phase of the input signals of the single-column antenna array are combined, so that the horizontal plane beam width of the antenna is changed.
According to the changing target of 110-130 degrees of the wave beam width of the antenna horizontal plane, a genetic algorithm can be adopted, the amplitude and the phase required by the input signals of the antenna subarrays are obtained through software optimization, and according to the obtained amplitude and phase of the input signals of the antenna subarrays, the amplitude and the phase of the input signals of the single-array antenna array are combined, so that the change of the wave beam width of the antenna horizontal plane is realized.
From the description of the above embodiments, it will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the method according to the above embodiments may be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform, but of course also by means of hardware, but in many cases the former is a preferred embodiment. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium (e.g. ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) comprising instructions for causing a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
To further understand the internal implementation principle of the antenna, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an alternative microstrip feed network structure according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 10-11. According to the corresponding function relation calculation, the lengths and widths of impedance matching feeder lines 63-68 and 73-78 in the microstrip line feed network are changed according to the required amplitude and phase of the input signals of the single-column antenna array, the amplitude and phase of the input signals of the single-column antenna array connected with the microstrip line feed network can be respectively changed, and according to the corresponding mapping relation, the amplitude and phase of the total input ports 61 and 71 are combined and changed, so that the requirement of 120 DEG of horizontal plane wide beam can be realized.
Fig. 12 is an alternative antenna radiation horizontal plane direction schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 12, the antenna horizontal plane beam width varies in the range of 110 ° to 130 °, and the radiation signal intensity of the antenna fluctuates <2dB in the coverage range of ±60° of the horizontal plane.
As shown in fig. 13, the antenna comprises 3 antenna subarrays, and the antenna subarrays 1, 2 and 3 can be combined in sequence to form a low-sidelobe wide-beam antenna; the combination ordering is 'antenna subarray surface 1+ antenna subarray surface 2', 'antenna subarray surface 2+ antenna subarray surface 3'; as shown in fig. 16, the antenna comprises 6 antenna subarrays, and 3 subarrays in subarrays 1-6 can be combined in sequence to form a low-sidelobe wide-beam antenna; the combined ordering is as follows: "antenna subarray surface 1+antenna subarray surface 2+antenna subarray surface 3", "antenna subarray surface 2+antenna subarray surface 3+antenna subarray surface 4", "antenna subarray surface 3+antenna subarray surface 4+antenna subarray surface 5", "antenna subarray surface 4+antenna subarray surface 5+antenna subarray surface 6").
In a specific application process, the radar with 2 antenna subarrays can only detect the existence of an object when detecting, and the n antenna subarrays in the m antenna subarrays of the embodiment of the application are sequentially combined to form the low-sidelobe and wide-beam antenna (m is more than or equal to 2, n is more than or equal to 2, m is more than or equal to n and m and n are positive integers), so that the number of receiving antennas applying the virtual aperture technology is increased, and the receiving gain of a radar detection link is higher, thereby the radar can not only identify the shape, the size and the like of the object more accurately when detecting the object, but also identify the situation around the vehicle more accurately, help users to avoid possible problems in time in a driving process, and bring better use experience for safe driving of the users.
In the embodiment of the present application, the input port phase Φ13 of the subarray 1, the input port phase Φ14 of the subarray 2, and the input port phase Φ15 of the subarray 3; wherein: Φ14- Φ13=30°, Φ15- Φ14=40°.
Fig. 14 is an alternative antenna radiation level direction schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the present application, specifically, an antenna radiation level direction diagram of "antenna sub-plane 1+antenna sub-plane 2" in the antenna shown in fig. 13; fig. 15 is an alternative antenna radiation level direction diagram according to an embodiment of the present application, specifically, an antenna radiation level direction diagram of "antenna sub-surface 2+antenna sub-surface 3" in the antenna shown in fig. 13.
Fig. 17 is an alternative antenna radiation level direction schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 17. Specifically, fig. 17 is a horizontal plane pattern of antenna radiation formed when 3 single-column antenna arrays are combined as a group in the antenna shown in fig. 16.
In fig. 5, the input port phase Φ16 of the subarray 1, the input port phase Φ17 of the subarray 2, and the input port phase Φ18 of the subarray 3; wherein: Φ17- Φ16=15°, Φ18- Φ17=20°.
Alternatively, specific examples in this embodiment may refer to examples described in the foregoing embodiments and optional implementations, and this embodiment is not described herein.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the application described above may be implemented in a general purpose computing system, they may be centralized in a single computing system, or distributed across a network of computing systems, and they may alternatively be implemented in program code that is executable by the computing system, such that they are stored in a memory system and, in some cases, executed in a different order than that shown or described, or they may be implemented as individual integrated circuit modules, or as individual integrated circuit modules. Thus, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An antenna, comprising:
m antenna subarrays connected through a microstrip line feed network, wherein any antenna subarray in the M antenna subarrays comprises N single-array antenna arrays, any single-array antenna array in the N single-array antenna arrays comprises K radiating elements which are arranged at equal intervals, the widths or lengths of the K radiating elements are different, and M, N and K are positive integers.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said any single column antenna array comprises:
the radiation units are staggered and are comb-shaped, wherein the corresponding directions of an a-th radiation unit and a b-th radiation unit in the K radiation units are opposite, a is an odd number, and b is an even number.
3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein a distance d1=0.4×λg between any two single-column antenna arrays among the N single-column antenna arrays, where λg is a medium wavelength corresponding to a working frequency of the antenna.
4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein N of said single-column antennas comprise:
and the N feed ports are connected through the microstrip line feed network.
5. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the microstrip feed network comprises:
and N impedance matching feeder lines corresponding to the N feeder ports, wherein the N impedance matching feeder lines are in one-to-one correspondence with the N feeder ports, and the N impedance matching feeder lines are connected through a feeder network.
6. The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein n=6, m=2, and k=5.
7. The antenna of claim 5, wherein the microstrip feed network further comprises:
and the feeder line port is connected with the impedance matching feeder line and is used for connecting with an output port of the radio frequency chip signal.
8. A radar comprising an antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. An antenna adjustment method, characterized by being applied to the antenna of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
calculating the length and width of the impedance matching feeder line required by the antenna by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain the length and width of the impedance matching feeder line;
and changing the amplitude and the phase of the input signals of the single-column antenna array connected with the impedance matching feeder line according to the length and the width of the impedance matching feeder line.
10. The antenna tuning method of claim 9, further comprising:
changing the amplitude and the phase of a chip signal output port to obtain the amplitude and the phase of an input signal of the modified antenna subarray, wherein the chip signal output port is connected with a feeder line port of the antenna subarray;
and adopting a genetic algorithm, and combining the amplitude and the phase of the input signals of the antenna subarrays with the amplitude and the phase of the input signals of the single-column antenna array to change the horizontal plane beam width of the antenna.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210055638.XA CN116505272A (en) | 2022-01-18 | 2022-01-18 | Antenna, radar and antenna adjustment method |
| PCT/CN2022/124215 WO2023138110A1 (en) | 2022-01-18 | 2022-10-09 | Antenna, radar, and antenna adjustment method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210055638.XA CN116505272A (en) | 2022-01-18 | 2022-01-18 | Antenna, radar and antenna adjustment method |
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| CN116505272A true CN116505272A (en) | 2023-07-28 |
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| CN202210055638.XA Pending CN116505272A (en) | 2022-01-18 | 2022-01-18 | Antenna, radar and antenna adjustment method |
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| WO (1) | WO2023138110A1 (en) |
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| CN117712714A (en) * | 2023-12-05 | 2024-03-15 | 武汉大学 | Passive electromagnetic protection device integrated with solar panel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR102007876B1 (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2019-08-06 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | Microstrip array antenna |
| CN111834742B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2022-12-23 | 惠州市德赛西威智能交通技术研究院有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar array antenna |
| CN213584187U (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-06-29 | 上海蛮酷科技有限公司 | Microstrip antenna and millimeter wave radar |
| CN113497354A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-10-12 | 深圳市道通智能汽车有限公司 | Antenna array, antenna system and radar |
| CN217281205U (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-23 | 海信集团控股股份有限公司 | Antenna assembly and vehicle radar |
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