CN116502524B - RCS reduction method for metal structure under broadband scanning - Google Patents

RCS reduction method for metal structure under broadband scanning Download PDF

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CN116502524B
CN116502524B CN202310411021.1A CN202310411021A CN116502524B CN 116502524 B CN116502524 B CN 116502524B CN 202310411021 A CN202310411021 A CN 202310411021A CN 116502524 B CN116502524 B CN 116502524B
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metal structure
loading
matrix
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singular value
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CN116502524A (en
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吴迪
吴琦
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Beihang University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/27Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/16Matrix or vector computation, e.g. matrix-matrix or matrix-vector multiplication, matrix factorization
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/12Computing arrangements based on biological models using genetic models
    • G06N3/126Evolutionary algorithms, e.g. genetic algorithms or genetic programming

Abstract

The invention discloses an RCS reduction method of a metal structure under broadband scanning, which comprises the following steps: s1, giving a working frequency band, incident plane wave parameters and a metal structure geometric model: s2, selecting discrete frequency points under a frequency band, establishing an impedance matrix of a metal structure, combining the impedance matrix, and obtaining a radiation base vector and singular values under a structural broadband by utilizing singular value decomposition; s3, determining the position of main radiation of the structure under the broadband based on the singular value and setting the position as a loading position; s4, current regulation and control are carried out by utilizing impedance loading, and the impedance loading value of the surface of the metal structure is determined through a moment method and a GA genetic algorithm. According to the invention, SVD decomposition is adopted to obtain the radiation characteristic of the structure under the broadband, the optimal loading position is found, the singular value is regulated and controlled in an impedance loading mode, the loading resistance is optimized through a genetic algorithm, and finally the required singular value is physically realized, so that the current is regulated and controlled, and the efficiency of RCS reduction design can be effectively improved.

Description

RCS reduction method for metal structure under broadband scanning
Technical Field
The invention relates to RCS reduction of a metal structure, in particular to an RCS reduction method of a metal structure under broadband scanning.
Background
For aircraft, improving stealth is to reduce radar cross-section (Radar Cross Section, RCS). RCS is a main parameter for measuring the scattering intensity of an object and describing the stealth performance of the object, and the smaller the RCS of the object is, the better the stealth performance of the object in an electromagnetic environment is.
One of the difficulties in achieving RCS reduction in aircraft is achieving RCS reduction for antennas mounted on the aircraft. First, with the development of military technologies and communication technologies, various antennas are installed on an aircraft, so that the number of antennas on the aircraft is large, and therefore, it becomes difficult to realize stealth of the antennas on the aircraft. Secondly, due to the specificity of the antenna, the antenna can not be coated with stealth materials such as electromagnetic wave adsorption materials on the shell like other non-signal transmitting and receiving devices such as the shell on an aircraft to realize stealth. Furthermore, the antenna must also be exposed to the outside of the metal housing for operation. The stealth of the antenna cannot be achieved in a form-changing manner like the fuselage, because changing the shape of the antenna necessarily brings about a change in the antenna performance.
It becomes more difficult to achieve stealth of the antenna on board the aircraft. In addition, radar is of a wide variety and has a wide frequency range, so that it is necessary for an antenna of an aircraft to consider RCS reduction in broadband scanning rather than design in a single frequency point.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides an RCS reduction method for a metal structure under broadband scanning, which physically realizes ideal broadband impedance matrix singular values so as to change the surface current of the metal structure, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of RCS reduction design.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an RCS reduction method for a metal structure under broadband scanning, comprising the following steps:
s1, giving a working frequency band, incident plane wave parameters and a metal structure geometric model:
the working frequency band comprises a frequency band starting frequency and a cut-off frequency, and the incident plane wave parameters comprise an incident angle and an electric field polarization angle;
s2, selecting discrete frequency points under a frequency band to establish an impedance matrix of a metal structure, combining the impedance matrix, and obtaining a radiation base vector and singular values under a structural broadband by utilizing singular value decomposition (Singular Value Decomposition, SVD);
s201, firstly, utilizing triangular surface elements to split the surface of a metal structure, and obtaining N triangular units by splitting, wherein the surface current of each triangular unit is represented by adopting a basis function, wherein the RWG basis function corresponding to the nth triangular unit is f n (x);
The current distribution of the metal structure surface is expressed as a weighted sum of RWG basis functions
Wherein alpha is n As RWG basis function f n (x) Weighting coefficients of (2);
sampling the working frequency band to obtain f 1 ,f 2 ,…,f m M frequency points are used, an electric field integral equation is respectively established for the metal structure at each frequency point, and the impedance matrix is obtained by discrete
The electric field integral equation isWherein E is s For the fringe field, G is the Green's function; dS' is a vector bin on the surface of the metal structure; omega is working angular frequency, mu is free space magnetic permeability and is constant;
obtained from electric field boundary conditions of metal surfacesWherein E is i An incident field being a plane wave;
substituting the current distribution in the form of a weighted sum of basis functions intoObtaining a matrix equation under m frequency points by a moment method;
...
wherein,is of the structure f i N-dimensional impedance matrix at frequency point, +.>At f i N-dimensional current coefficient vector at frequency point, < ->At f i N-dimensional excitation vectors at frequency points, i=1, 2, …, m;
s202, assembling matrix equations under m frequency points, and obtaining the matrix equations containing frequency band information by utilizing orthogonal relations under different frequency points:
the impedance matrix after assembly is denoted as [ Z ]] f Singular value decomposition is performed to obtain a radiation information matrix U, sigma and V,
U=[u 1 ,u 2 ,...,u mN ],Σ=diag(σ 12 ,...,σ N ),V=[v 1 ,v 2 ,...,v N ]
u and V are unitary matrices, Σ is a diagonal matrix, and the diagonal element is [ Z ]] f Is a singular value of (c).
S3, determining the position of main radiation of the structure under the broadband according to the singular value and setting the position as a loading position;
the relation between the current and the excitation vector under the broadband scanning can be obtained through SVD decomposition,
the current under the broadband can be realized by regulating and controlling singular values, so that the size of the RCS of the whole structure is regulated and controlled;
the diagonal elements of the sigma are ordered according to the size of singular values, the position coordinates of the diagonal elements are in one-to-one correspondence with the numbers of the base functions, the size of the singular values represents the contribution of the base functions to radiation, generally only a few singular values meet the radiation condition, the base functions corresponding to the first p (the first 5%) maximum singular values are selected as loading positions for current regulation, and the loading positions are marked as l 1 ,l 2 ,...,l p
S302, current regulation and control of the surface of the straight-bar type metal structure are achieved in a resistance loading mode;
the surface current of the metal structure is discretized into N basis functions, the loading position obtained by SVD decomposition is subjected to resistance loading, and the loading matrix is expressed as R L ]=diag(R 1 ,R 2 ,...,R p 0..0., 0); the resistance loading can realize the regulation and control effect, namely, the current distribution on the surface of the metal structure is changed.
S4, current regulation and control are carried out by utilizing impedance loading, and an impedance loading value of the surface of the metal structure is determined through a moment method and a GA genetic algorithm;
according to the moment equation, the impedance matrix in S202 is regulated and controlled after impedance loading; SVD decomposition is carried out on the loaded matrix to obtain a loaded singular value matrix, and the final purpose of loading is to reduce broadband resistance momentArray [ Z] f To reduce the radiation of current;
determining an optimised objective function, i.e. F obj =Σ=SVD([Z f +R L ]) The optimized variable is [ R L ]In order to reduce the singular values, the variables R are optimized L ]It is necessary to make the two norms of the objective function F obj || 2 Is small enough and is ideal in the state of F obj || 2 Near 0, the GA genetic algorithm will automatically converge to the objective function F obj =Σ=SVD([Z f +R L ]) Two norms F obj || 2 Is considered to be complete at this time, and outputs an optimization variable [ R ] at this time L ];
On the metal structure, according to [ R ] L ]And carrying out resistance loading to realize the singular value characteristic of the broadband impedance matrix approximate to an ideal state, thereby realizing RCS reduction.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, SVD decomposition is adopted to obtain the radiation characteristic of the structure under the broadband, the optimal loading position is found, the singular value is regulated and controlled in an impedance loading mode, the loading resistance is optimized through a genetic algorithm, and finally the required singular value is physically realized, so that the current is regulated and controlled, and the efficiency of RCS reduction design can be effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.
As shown in fig. 1, an RCS reduction method for a metal structure under broadband scanning includes the following steps:
s1, giving a working frequency band, incident plane wave parameters and a metal structure geometric model:
in the embodiment of the application, the scanning frequency band is 300 MHz-3 GHz, and the incident angle of the incident plane wave is θ=150°. The metal structure is a straight rod metal with the length of 4m, 480 segments can be obtained by splitting the straight rod metal, and the unknown number of the discrete surface current is 479.
S2, selecting discrete frequency points under a frequency band to establish an impedance matrix of a metal structure, combining the impedance matrix, and obtaining a radiation base vector and singular values under a structural broadband by utilizing singular value decomposition (Singular Value Decomposition, SVD);
uniform selection of f within the frequency band 1 ,f 2 ,…,f 20 A total of 20 frequency points, f 1 =300 MHz and f 20 =3 GHz. Respectively establishing 479-order impedance matrix at each frequency pointBy assembling a matrix Z containing spectral information can be obtained] f The matrix has 479 x 20 rows and 479 columns. For matrix [ Z] f The SVD decomposition is performed so that it is possible to obtain,
U=[u 1 ,u 2 ,...,u mN ],Σ=diag(σ 12 ,...,σ N ),V=[v 1 ,v 2 ,...,v N ]
u is 479 x 20 order unitary, V is 479 order unitary, Σ is the dimension and [ Z ]] f The same diagonal matrix and the diagonal element is [ Z ]] f Is a singular value of (c).
S3, determining the position of main radiation of the structure under the broadband according to the singular value and setting the position as a loading position;
the relation between the current and the excitation vector under the broadband scanning can be obtained through SVD decomposition,
the diagonal elements of sigma are ordered according to the magnitude of the singular value, the position coordinates of which correspond one-to-one to the number of the basis function, the magnitude of the singular value representing the contribution of the basis function to the radiation, the first 20 largest singular values sigma being selected here 12 ,...,σ... 20 And the corresponding basis function is used as a loading position for current regulation. The loading matrix is expressed as 479 order square matrix R L ]=diag(R 1 ,R 2 ,...,R 20 0..0., 0); the resistance loading can realize the regulation and control effect, namely, the current distribution on the surface of the metal structure is changed.
S4, current regulation and control are carried out by utilizing impedance loading, and the impedance loading value of the surface of the metal structure is determined through a moment method and a GA genetic algorithm.
In the step S4, the broadband impedance matrix [ Z ] can be changed by impedance loading on the surface of the straight-bar type metal structure] f And optimizing the impedance loading value by combining a moment method and a GA genetic algorithm. SVD decomposition is carried out on the loaded broadband impedance matrix, singular values are taken as optimization variables, and norms of the first 20 singular values are taken as objective functions to be brought into a GA genetic algorithm, namely F obj =Σ=SVD([Z f +R L ]) The GA genetic algorithm can automatically complete the optimization process and output the optimized loading matrix R L ]. The optimized loading value can reduce the singular value of the broadband impedance matrix, thereby reducing the radiation influence of the surface current of the metal structure and achieving excellent RCS reduction effect.
While the foregoing description illustrates and describes a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as limited to other embodiments, but is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the spirit of the invention described herein, either as a result of the foregoing teachings or as a result of the knowledge or skill of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. The RCS reduction method of the metal structure under broadband scanning is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, giving a working frequency band, incident plane wave parameters and a metal structure geometric model:
the working frequency band comprises a frequency band starting frequency and a cut-off frequency, and the incident plane wave parameters comprise an incident angle and an electric field polarization angle;
s2, selecting discrete frequency points under a frequency band, establishing an impedance matrix of a metal structure, combining the impedance matrix, and obtaining a radiation base vector and singular values under a structural broadband by utilizing singular value decomposition;
s3, determining the position of main radiation of the structure under the broadband based on the singular value and setting the position as a loading position;
s301, determining a loading position according to a singular value decomposition result;
the relation between the current and the excitation vector under the broadband scanning is obtained through singular value decomposition,
the current under the broadband is realized by regulating and controlling singular values, so that the size of the RCS of the whole structure is regulated and controlled;
the diagonal elements of the sigma are ordered according to the size of singular values, the position coordinates of the diagonal elements are in one-to-one correspondence with the numbers of the base functions, the size of the singular values represents the contribution of the base functions to radiation, the base functions corresponding to the first p largest singular values are selected as loading positions for current regulation, and the loading positions are marked as l 1 ,l 2 ,...,l p
S302, current regulation and control of the surface of the straight-bar type metal structure are achieved in a resistance loading mode;
the surface current of the metal structure is discretized into N basis functions, the loading position obtained by singular value decomposition is subjected to resistance loading, and the loading matrix is expressed as R L ]=diag(R 1 ,R 2 ,...,R p 0..0., 0); the resistance loading can realize the regulation and control effect, namely, the current distribution on the surface of the metal structure is changed;
s4, current regulation and control are carried out by utilizing impedance loading, and an impedance loading value of the surface of the metal structure is determined through a moment method and a GA genetic algorithm;
according to the moment equation, the impedance matrix in S2 is regulated and controlled after impedance loading; singular value decomposition is carried out on the loaded matrix to obtain a loaded singular value matrix, and the final purpose of loading is to reduce a broadband impedance matrix [ Z ]] f To reduce the radiation of current;
Determining an optimised objective function, i.e. F obj =Σ=SVD([Z f +R L ]) The optimized variable is [ R L ]In order to reduce the singular values, the variables R are optimized L ]It is necessary to make the two norms of the objective function F obj || 2 Is small enough and is ideal in the state of F obj || 2 Near 0, the GA genetic algorithm will automatically converge to the objective function F obj =Σ=SVD([Z f +R L ]) Two norms F obj || 2 Is considered to be complete at this time, and outputs an optimization variable [ R ] at this time L ];
On the metal structure, according to [ R ] L ]And carrying out resistance loading to realize the singular value characteristic of the broadband impedance matrix approximate to an ideal state, thereby realizing RCS reduction.
2. The RCS reduction method for a metal structure under broadband scanning of claim 1, wherein: the step S2 includes:
s201, firstly, utilizing triangular surface elements to split the surface of a metal structure, and obtaining N triangular units by splitting, wherein the surface current of each triangular unit is represented by adopting a basis function, wherein the RWG basis function corresponding to the nth triangular unit is f n (x);
The current distribution of the metal structure surface is expressed as a weighted sum of RWG basis functions
Wherein alpha is n As RWG basis function f n (x) Weighting coefficients of (2);
sampling the working frequency band to obtain f 1 ,f 2 ,…,f m M frequency points are used, an electric field integral equation is respectively established for the metal structure at each frequency point, and the impedance matrix is obtained by discrete
The electric field integral equation isWherein E is s For the fringe field, G is the Green's function; dS' is a vector bin on the surface of the metal structure; omega is working angular frequency, mu is free space magnetic permeability and is constant;
obtained from electric field boundary conditions of metal surfacesWherein E is i An incident field being a plane wave;
substituting the current distribution in the form of a weighted sum of basis functions intoObtaining a matrix equation under m frequency points by a moment method;
...
wherein,is of the structure f i N-dimensional impedance matrix at frequency point, +.>At f i An N-dimensional current coefficient vector at the frequency bin,at f i N-dimensional excitation vectors at frequency points, i=1, 2, …, m;
s202, assembling matrix equations under m frequency points, and obtaining the matrix equations containing frequency band information by utilizing orthogonal relations under different frequency points:
the impedance matrix after assembly is denoted as [ Z ]] f Singular value decomposition is performed to obtain a radiation information matrix U, sigma and V,
U=[u 1 ,u 2 ,...,u mN ],Σ=diag(σ 12 ,...,σ N ),V=[v 1 ,v 2 ,...,v N ]
u and V are unitary matrices, Σ is a diagonal matrix, and the diagonal element is [ Z ]] f Is a singular value of (c).
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