CN116498341A - Tunnel crossing movable fault structure design system - Google Patents

Tunnel crossing movable fault structure design system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116498341A
CN116498341A CN202310420772.XA CN202310420772A CN116498341A CN 116498341 A CN116498341 A CN 116498341A CN 202310420772 A CN202310420772 A CN 202310420772A CN 116498341 A CN116498341 A CN 116498341A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
tunnel
fault
displacement space
fixed
tunnel structure
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CN202310420772.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李�根
江帅
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Priority to CN202310420772.XA priority Critical patent/CN116498341A/en
Publication of CN116498341A publication Critical patent/CN116498341A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel crossing movable fault structure design system, and belongs to the field of tunnel construction. The tunnel crossing active fault structure design system comprises: displacement space, support system and tunnel structure; the support system comprises a vertical support system and a transverse hinge constraint system; the displacement space, the support system and the tunnel structure are all positioned in surrounding rock at the movable fault; the support system and the tunnel structure are positioned in the displacement space; the vertical support system is respectively connected with the inner wall of the displacement space and the tunnel structure; the transverse hinge constraint systems are positioned on two sides of the tunnel structure and are respectively connected with the outer wall of the side wall of the tunnel structure and the outer wall of the displacement space. The tunnel crossing active fault system has wide application range, can realize that the tunnel can be stable at an initial position and can keep the supporting force constant when fault moves, thereby achieving the purpose of fault fracture resistance.

Description

Tunnel crossing movable fault structure design system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel crossing active fault fracture-resistant structural design system.
Background
At present, china enters the golden age of tunnel construction, the scale of a newly-built tunnel is larger and larger, geological conditions are more and more complex, and China is located between the Pacific earthquake zone and the European earthquake zone, and active faults are widely distributed, so that the newly-built tunnel inevitably passes through the active faults. Dislocation of faults can cause cracks, overlarge deformation and damage to the tunnel, and the safety of the tunnel structure and the later-stage safe operation are seriously affected. Therefore, when the tunnel passes through the active fault, necessary fault-resistant measures are taken, and the fault-resistant capacity of the tunnel is particularly important to be enhanced.
The scheme mainly adopted when the tunnel passes through the active fault at present has the following defects:
1. the method comprises the steps of enabling a winding, avoiding faults (Song Yuxiang, liu Yong, main braiding, tunnel engineering, beijing: china building industry Press, 2018: 34-36) as much as possible during tunnel line selection after early geological survey; but limited by geographical conditions, etc., this method is only partially applicable to engineering.
2. The rigidity of the tunnel is enhanced by a rigid protective measure (such as increasing the strength of materials, anchor spraying support and the like) so as to resist additional load applied to the structure due to fault dislocation (Deng Zhongfu. Segmental tunnel design parameters under fault dislocation and safety analysis [ J ]. Western traffic science and technology, 2021, no.162 (01): 126-130.); but this method will greatly increase the construction cost and practice proves that the effect of this method is not significant.
3. The method comprises the steps of arranging flexible connecting sections, wherein a tunnel is made of more flexible materials or structures near a fault layer, so that the tunnel can deform along with fault movement, and additional internal forces (Li Guoliang, zhang Jing, liu Guoqing, and the like) generated by fault movement are reduced; however, the method is greatly deformed under the influence of fault dislocation, and the requirement of tunnels for certain purposes (such as high-speed railway tunnels and the like) on deformation cannot be met.
4. The super-digging design, namely, the normal use function when the section of the tunnel meets the dislocation is enlarged, wherein the enlargement is determined according to the dislocation quantity of faults (Jiang Shubing, li Peng, lin Zhi. The anti-break design countermeasure of the tunnel crossing the active fault area [ J ]. Chongqing university of traffic (natural science edition), 2008,27 (06): 1034-1036+1041.); however, this method still cannot avoid the dislocation of the tunnel structure at the fault location, and requires periodic repair.
Based on the problems, the invention provides a tunnel crossing active fault structural design system, which can keep the tunnel constantly positioned at the initial position and keep the stress constantly when fault moves, thereby achieving the purpose of fault fracture resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a design system of a tunnel crossing movable fault structure, which can not only keep the tunnel stable at an initial position, but also keep the stress constant when the fault moves, thereby achieving the purpose of fault fracture resistance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a tunnel crossing movable fault structure design system comprises a displacement space, a tunnel structure and a support system;
the displacement space is positioned in surrounding rock at the position crossing the fault;
the tunnel structure is positioned in the displacement space;
the support system comprises a vertical support system and a transverse hinge constraint system, and is positioned in the displacement space and outside the tunnel structure;
when fault dislocation occurs, the tunnel lining structure keeps the initial position unchanged and moves up and down freely in the displacement space, the vertical supporting system adjusts the vertical supporting force born by the tunnel structure through controlling the weight of the weight, the vertical supporting force provided by the vertical supporting system keeps unchanged when fault dislocation occurs, and the transverse hinge constraint system provides transverse displacement constraint for the tunnel but does not constrain the vertical displacement of the tunnel structure.
And a displacement space is reserved between the tunnel structure and the surrounding rock, and the cross section shape of the displacement space comprises but is not limited to an ellipse.
The length L of the displacement space in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel should satisfy the following formula:
wherein: f is the fault quantity of fault, ω is the standard error of specification,%;
the longitudinal length of the displacement space is determined according to the deformation control standard of the tunnel structure, and the profile of the inner wall of the longitudinal section of the displacement space comprises, but is not limited to, an S-shaped curve.
The vertical supporting system is used for expanding the supporting force of the carrier cable on the tunnel structure, and the expansion multiple is adjusted by controlling the number of the movable pulley blocks; the vertical supporting system comprises a movable pulley system, a fixed anchor rope, a fixed structure, a carrier rope and a weight, wherein the fixed anchor rope and the fixed pulley system are correspondingly fixed on the inner wall of the displacement space, the fixed structure is fixed on the outer wall of the tunnel structure, and the fixed structure is used for fixing the movable pulley block; the bearing rope is wound on the movable pulley system, the fixed pulley system and the fixed anchor rope, the two ends of the bearing rope are connected with the balance weight, and the displacement space comprises a reserved space for the balance weight to move up and down.
The fixed structure comprises a bearing rod, a base, a pin bolt and a rotary member; the base is fixed on the tunnel structure outer wall, and the rotating member is connected with the force-bearing rod, and the force-bearing rod is connected with the movable pulley group, and the base passes through the cotter with the rotating member to be connected, and the rotating member can rotate around the cotter.
The vertical supporting system adjusts the vertical supporting force acting on the tunnel structure by controlling the weight of the balance weight.
The transverse hinge constraint system is positioned in the displacement space, two ends of the transverse hinge constraint system are respectively fixed on the outer wall of the side wall of the tunnel structure and the inner wall of the displacement space, the transverse hinge constraint system is formed by arranging chain rods along the vertical direction, and the transverse hinge constraint system is used for constraining the transverse displacement of the tunnel structure as each chain rod is not telescopic, and is also used for not constraining the vertical displacement of the tunnel structure as the vertical direction is a movable system.
The vertical supporting systems and the transverse hinge constraint systems are distributed in a staggered mode, and mutual interference is avoided in space.
The tunnel structures include, but are not limited to, highway tunnels, railway tunnels, diversion tunnels, and various pipe lanes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the displacement space is arranged to separate the tunnel structure which is originally in direct contact from the dislocated surrounding rock, the direct acting force between the tunnel structure and the surrounding rock is transmitted through the transverse hinge constraint system and the vertical support system which are arranged between the two structures, the transverse hinge constraint system only constrains the transverse displacement of the tunnel structure but not constrains the vertical displacement, the vertical support system connects the tunnel structure and the surrounding rock in series through the bearing cable, one end of the bearing cable is connected with the weight, the tension in the bearing cable is equal to the gravity of the weight, so that the vertical support force borne by the tunnel is kept constant in the whole fault dislocation process, and the displacement space cuts off the dislocation displacement in the fault dislocation process, so that the vertical support system keeps the stress of the tunnel structure constant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a layout cross section of a vertical support system of a tunnel crossing active fault structural design system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout cross section of a transverse hinge constraint system of the tunnel crossing active fault structure design system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a displacement space longitudinal section of the tunnel-crossing active fault structure design system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an increased capacity system of the vertical support system of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a traveling block system in the increased capacity system of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the fixing structure in fig. 1.
In the figure: 1 surrounding rock; 2 a tunnel structure; 3, a movable pulley system; 4, fixing a pulley system; 5, fixing the anchor cable; 6, a displacement space; 7, fixing a structure; 8, a carrier rope; 9 weight; a transverse hinge constraint system; 11 active faults; 12 displacement of the inner wall of the space; 13, a movable pulley block; 14 bearing rods; 15 a rotating member; 16 pins; 17 base.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings and technical schemes.
The invention provides a tunnel crossing movable fault structure design system which comprises a tunnel lining structure, a displacement space and a support system. As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the tunnel crossing active fault structure design systems are all located in surrounding rock 1, and the surrounding rock 1 is a rock-soil body near an active fault 11; the tunnel structure 2 is composed of various lining segments, and according to different functions, the tunnel structure comprises a highway tunnel, a railway tunnel, a diversion tunnel and various pipe galleries, and a fixing structure 7 is reserved in advance on the outer wall of the tunnel structure 2 for facilitating the fixing and connection of the carrier ropes 8; as shown in fig. 1 to 3, when the movable fault 11 is dislocated, in order to ensure that the tunnel structure 2 is stable at the initial position, a displacement space 6 is reserved for the tunnel structure 2 in advance according to the fault dislocation amount, besides, the displacement space 6 also provides a reserved space for the transverse hinge constraint system 10 and the vertical support system, and particularly, also provides a movable reserved space for the vertical movement of the weight 9, as shown in fig. 3, the length L of the displacement space 6 in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel should satisfy the following formula:
wherein: f is the fault amount, ω is the standard error (%) of the specification.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the vertical supporting system comprises a movable pulley system 3, a fixed pulley system 4, a fixed anchor rope 5, a carrier rope 8 and a weight 9, in order to increase the supporting capacity of the vertical supporting system, an increasing lifting capacity system as shown in fig. 4 is designed for the vertical supporting system, the increasing lifting capacity system enlarges the pulling force exerted by the weight 9 on the carrier rope 8 through the movable pulley system 3 as shown in fig. 5 and transmits the pulling force to the tunnel structure 2 through a carrier rod 14, the enlarging multiple is determined by the number of movable pulley blocks 13 in the movable pulley system 3, when the movable fault 11 is staggered, the carrier rope 8 stretches and shortens according to the change of the tunnel staggered quantity and drives the weight 9 to move up and down so as to offset the influence of the staggered quantity on the tunnel structure 2, and the vertical force exerted by each fixed structure 7 of the tunnel is kept constant throughout the whole process, and the vertical constant supporting force F exerted on the fixed structure 7 can be calculated as follows:
F＝2kM
wherein: k is the number of movable pulleys in the movable pulley block 13, and M is the weight of the weight 9.
The fixed pulley system 4 and the fixed anchor cable 5 are respectively positioned on the inner wall 12 of the displacement space and fixed in the surrounding rock 1, and the force in the carrier cable 8 is transferred into the surrounding rock 1 through the two structures, and in addition, the fixed anchor cable 5 also plays a role in changing the direction of the carrier cable 8.
As shown in fig. 6, the fixed structure 7 includes a base 15, a pin 16, and a rotating member 17; the base 15 is fixed on the outer wall of the tunnel structure 2, the rotating member 17 is connected with the bearing rod 14, the base 15 is connected with the rotating member 17 through the pin 16, and the rotating member 17 can rotate around the pin 16 to eliminate bending moment in the upper bearing rod, so that the supporting force transmitted to the tunnel structure 2 is single pulling force.
Further, a lateral hinge restraining system 10 is located in the displacement space and is fixed at both ends to the tunnel structure 2 and the tunnel displacement space inner wall 12, respectively, and is mainly used for restraining the lateral movement of the tunnel structure 2, but not the vertical movement.
When fault dislocation occurs, the fixed pulley 4 and the fixed anchor cable 5 move along with the fault dislocation, and the carrier cable connected with the two structures can compensate the fault dislocation amount by extending and shortening to drive the movement of the weight 9, so that the tension in the carrier cable 8 is always a constant value in the compensation adjustment process because the weight of the weight 9 is kept constant, and the influence of the fault dislocation on the tunnel structure 2 is blocked because of the compensation adjustment effect of the carrier cable, thereby realizing that the tunnel structure 2 can be stable at an initial position and the supporting force can be kept constant when the fault dislocation occurs, and further achieving the purpose of fault breakage resistance.

Claims (9)

1. The tunnel crossing movable fault structure design system is characterized by comprising a displacement space, a tunnel structure and a support system;
the displacement space is positioned in surrounding rock at the position crossing the fault;
the tunnel structure is positioned in the displacement space;
the support system comprises a vertical support system and a transverse hinge constraint system, and is positioned in the displacement space and outside the tunnel structure;
when fault dislocation occurs, the tunnel lining structure keeps the initial position unchanged and moves up and down freely in the displacement space, the vertical supporting system adjusts the vertical supporting force born by the tunnel structure through controlling the weight of the weight, the vertical supporting force provided by the vertical supporting system keeps unchanged when fault dislocation occurs, and the transverse hinge constraint system provides transverse displacement constraint for the tunnel but does not constrain the vertical displacement of the tunnel structure.
2. The tunnel traversing movable fault structural design system according to claim 1, wherein a displacement space is reserved between the tunnel structure and surrounding rock, and the cross-sectional shape of the displacement space comprises but is not limited to an ellipse.
3. The tunnel traversing active fault structural design system according to claim 1, wherein the length L of the displacement space in the tunnel longitudinal direction should satisfy the following formula:
wherein: f is the fault quantity of fault, ω is the standard error of specification,%;
the longitudinal length of the displacement space is determined according to the deformation control standard of the tunnel structure, and the profile of the inner wall of the longitudinal section of the displacement space comprises, but is not limited to, an S-shaped curve.
4. The tunnel crossing active fault structure design system according to claim 1, wherein the vertical supporting system is used for expanding the supporting force of the carrier cable on the tunnel structure, and the expansion multiple is adjusted by controlling the number of the movable pulley blocks; the vertical supporting system comprises a movable pulley system, a fixed anchor rope, a fixed structure, a carrier rope and a weight, wherein the fixed anchor rope and the fixed pulley system are correspondingly fixed on the inner wall of the displacement space, the fixed structure is fixed on the outer wall of the tunnel structure, and the fixed structure is used for fixing the movable pulley block; the bearing rope is wound on the movable pulley system, the fixed pulley system and the fixed anchor rope, the two ends of the bearing rope are connected with the balance weight, and the displacement space comprises a reserved space for the balance weight to move up and down.
5. The tunnel traversing active fault structural design system according to claim 4, wherein the fixed structure comprises a load-bearing bar, a base, a pin, and a rotating member; the base is fixed on the tunnel structure outer wall, and the rotating member is connected with the force-bearing rod, and the force-bearing rod is connected with the movable pulley group, and the base passes through the cotter with the rotating member to be connected, and the rotating member can rotate around the cotter.
6. The tunnel traversing movable fault structure design system according to claim 4, wherein the vertical support system adjusts a vertical support force acting on the tunnel structure by controlling a weight of the weight.
7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the transverse hinge constraint system is located in the displacement space, and two ends of the transverse hinge constraint system are respectively fixed on the outer wall of the side wall of the tunnel structure and the inner wall of the displacement space, and the transverse hinge constraint system is composed of chain rods arranged along the vertical direction, and each chain rod is not telescopic, so that the transverse displacement of the tunnel structure is constrained, and the vertical displacement of the tunnel structure is not constrained because the vertical direction is the movable system.
8. The tunnel traversing active fault structural design system according to claim 1, wherein the vertical support system and the lateral hinge constraint system are staggered to spatially avoid mutual interference.
9. The tunnel traversing active fault structural design architecture according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel structure comprises, but is not limited to, highway tunnels, railway tunnels, diversion tunnels, and various pipe galleries.
CN202310420772.XA 2023-04-19 2023-04-19 Tunnel crossing movable fault structure design system Pending CN116498341A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310420772.XA CN116498341A (en) 2023-04-19 2023-04-19 Tunnel crossing movable fault structure design system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310420772.XA CN116498341A (en) 2023-04-19 2023-04-19 Tunnel crossing movable fault structure design system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116498341A true CN116498341A (en) 2023-07-28

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ID=87329647

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310420772.XA Pending CN116498341A (en) 2023-04-19 2023-04-19 Tunnel crossing movable fault structure design system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
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