CN1164928C - Detecting method and equipment for X-or gamma-radiation imaging - Google Patents
Detecting method and equipment for X-or gamma-radiation imaging Download PDFInfo
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- CN1164928C CN1164928C CNB011310979A CN01131097A CN1164928C CN 1164928 C CN1164928 C CN 1164928C CN B011310979 A CNB011310979 A CN B011310979A CN 01131097 A CN01131097 A CN 01131097A CN 1164928 C CN1164928 C CN 1164928C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a device of X or gamma radiation imaging detection, which belongs to the technical field of the application of nuclear technology. The device comprises a radiation source, a front collimator and a dragging mechanism. The present invention is characterized in that a backscattering array detecting device with a grid-shaped collimator and a signal sampling and processing system of the detecting device are arranged between the radiation source and an object to be detected, and each detector element of the backscattering array detecting device detects the back scatterings from different parts in a ray acting region on the object. The present invention also comprises a transmitting array detecting device and a signal sampling and processing system thereof arranged behind the object to be detected, and a back collimator arranged in front of the transmitting array detecting device. The present invention enables the image of an organic substance or other substances rich in hydrogen elements to be automatically highlighted so as to further combine the imaging technology of transmission radiation, which is favorable for the acquisition of the comprehensive information of the object to be detected.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Application of Nuclear Technology field, particularly be used to check X or the γ backward scattering and the transmission imaging Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement of the inner case of objects such as container, lorry, case and bag.
Background technology
Existing gamma-radiation imaging container pick-up unit or accelerator X radiant image container pick-up unit (being called for short " pick-up unit " later on), shown in Chinese invention patent ZL 96 1 02080.6, ZL 98 1 01501.8 and ZL 86 1 08035, all adopt the transmission imaging pattern to come objects such as detected set vanning.They can finely satisfy the demand that customs searches for smugglers and smuggling goods, and have brought into play vital role.But they also exist the some shortcomings part:
What 1. obtained is X or gamma-emitting transmission image, and can not obtain the backward scattering image of object;
2. do not possess the function that makes organic image automatic " highlight " in the tested object, thereby lose many important informations, be unfavorable for finding organic class prohibited items.
In real work, customs officers wish in the container digital radiation image that is obtained, organic image energy highlights out by " highlight automatically ", thereby helps to find the violated thing of organic classes such as explosive, inflammable thing, smuggled cigarettes and drugs.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcoming the weak point of prior art, a kind of X or gamma-radiation imaging detection method and device are proposed, obtain the technology of image based on sheet X or beam,gamma-ray, obtain object backward scattering digitized videos such as container, make wherein organism or other be rich in the automatic highlight of image energy of protium material, further combined with the transmitted radiation imaging technique, more help obtaining the comprehensive information of tested object.
A kind of X or gamma-rays radiant image lossless detection method that the present invention proposes is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) X that sends of radiographic source or gamma-rays by parallel tabular before collimating device collimation be vertical sheet beam;
2) the backward scattering array detecting device of being with the grill-shaped collimating apparatus is set outside sheet beam between this radiographic source and the tested object, makes it only acceptance and detection backward scattering from tested object;
3) this sheet beam is injected each detector unit that the backward scattering array detecting device is injected in the backward scattering of sending in the wire actinism district at tested object place after by the grill-shaped collimating apparatus; Because the effect of grill-shaped collimating apparatus, each detector unit of backward scattering array detecting device aims at the different parts in the wire actinism district on the tested object respectively, the backward scattering of measuring these different parts respectively correspondingly and being produced;
4),, obtain the backward scattering digitized video of tested object by signals collecting and disposal system along with the relative translation scanning motion between tested object and sheet beam.
The present invention also can further comprise:
1) in the back of tested object the transmissive arrays sniffer is set, makes it to accept and survey transmission from tested object;
2) after X or gamma-rays are vertical sheet beam by preceding collimating device collimation, pass tested object, and inject thereafter transmissive arrays sniffer through collimating apparatus later;
3) along with the relative translation scanning motion between tested object and sheet beam, the transmission digitized video that signals collecting and the disposal system by this transmissive arrays sniffer obtains tested object.
Said radiographic source can be electron accelerator, X-ray production apparatus or
60Co,
137Cs,
192The Ir radioactive isotope.
The present invention comprises radiographic source, preceding collimating apparatus, tractor and places the preceding back collimating apparatus of transmissive arrays sniffer according to a kind of X or gamma-rays radiant image the cannot-harm-detection device of said method design; Should before collimating apparatus and back collimating apparatus all forms by the pair of metal plate that is parallel to each other and leave certain interval, this preceding collimating apparatus collimates in order to X that radiographic source is sent or gamma-rays becomes the sheet beam; It is characterized in that: the backward scattering array detecting device and signals collecting and the disposal system that between radiographic source and tested object, are provided with the grill-shaped collimating apparatus that constitutes by the massive parallel dividing plate, the sensitive volume height of the parallel baffle spacing of said grill-shaped collimating apparatus and the detector unit of backward scattering array detecting device is complementary, the elongated surfaces of its parallel baffle should clad the actinism district of tested object, and wherein the direction of parallel baffle is vertical mutually with the in-plane of sheet beam; This sheet beam is injected the backward scattering of each position, wire actinism district at tested object place sending and is injected the corresponding detector of each of backward scattering array detecting device unit after by the grill-shaped collimating apparatus respectively; Tractor is set realizes relative translation scanning motion between tested object and sheet beam.
The detector of said backward scattering array detecting device can be one of gas filled ionization chamber, proportional counter, G-M counter, scintillation detector or semiconductor detector.
Said backward scattering array detecting device can be one group, two groups or many groups, all put with the sheet beam outside, make it to accept and to survey backward scattering from the tested object wire actinism district.
The present invention utilizes the physical characteristics of the backward scattering that X or gamma-rays produce on tested object, can reach to make the principle of organic image energy " highlight automatically " as follows:
Klein-Nishina formula by statement compton backscattering differential cross-section d6/d Ω can be derived, and the total intensity of backward scattering should be proportional to following factor Q:
Wherein, Z and A represent the atomic number and the atomic weight of tested guest species, μ respectively
ρWith μ '
ρRepresent the mass absorption coefficient of tested guest species respectively to incident and backward scattering photon.This relational expression clearly demonstrates the mutual relationship between backward scattering intensity and tested guest species.
The Z/A value that organism or other are rich in the protium material big (Z/A=1 of pure hydrogen-genus is maximum), thereby the backward scattering meeting that they produced is stronger.In addition, by the Compton scattering formula as can be known, the energy of backward scattering photon is not high, and is general all about 200keV or lower.Can distinguish the mass absorption coefficient μ ' of material at this
ρAlso closely related with the atomic number of material.Heavy substance, its μ '
ρBig more, and organism or other are rich in the μ ' of protium material
ρThen much smaller.By the expression formula of Q as seen, this factor also can cause the backward scattering that organism or other are rich in the protium material to strengthen.Owing to these 2 reasons, in the backward scattering image of various tested objects, the image that organism or other are rich in the protium material more " bright " some, promptly exist the effect of " organism or other are rich in the automatic highlight of protium material (highlight) ".
Above-mentioned " highlight automatically " effect provides very strong technical support for checking out organism class prohibited items such as plastic explosive, drugs and smuggled cigarettes.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an embodiments of the invention general structure synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is an embodiments of the invention general structure front elevation
Embodiment
The embodiment 1 of first aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of lossless detection method that can obtain X or gamma-rays backward scattering digitized video, may further comprise the steps:
1) X that sends of radiographic source or gamma-rays by parallel tabular before collimating device collimation be vertical sheet beam;
2) the backward scattering array detecting device of being with the grill-shaped collimating apparatus is set outside sheet beam between this radiographic source and the tested object, makes it only acceptance and detection backward scattering from tested object;
3) this sheet beam is injected each detector unit that the backward scattering array detecting device is injected in the backward scattering of sending in the wire actinism district at tested object place after by the grill-shaped collimating apparatus; Because the effect of grill-shaped collimating apparatus, each detector unit of backward scattering array detecting device aims at the different parts in the wire actinism district on the tested object respectively, the backward scattering of measuring these different parts respectively correspondingly and being produced;
4),, obtain the backward scattering digitized video of tested object by signals collecting and disposal system along with the relative translation scanning motion between tested object and sheet beam.
The embodiment 2 of first aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of lossless detection method that can obtain X or gamma-rays transmission and backward scattering digitized video simultaneously, is described in detail as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present embodiment method is further to comprise on the basis of embodiment 1:
1) in the back of tested object the transmissive arrays sniffer is set, makes it to accept and survey radioparent from tested object;
2) make X or gamma-rays be vertical sheet beam by preceding collimating device collimation after, pass tested object, and inject thereafter transmissive arrays sniffer through collimating apparatus later;
3) along with the relative translation scanning motion between tested object and sheet beam, the transmission digitized video that signals collecting and the disposal system by this transmissive arrays sniffer obtains tested object.
Like this, pick-up unit obtains the transmission image of tested object on the one hand by existing classic method, obtained the backward scattering digitized video of tested object on the other hand again by backward scattering array detecting device and corresponding signals collecting and disposal system simultaneously, offered the supervisory personnel in the lump and differentiate.
The x-ray source that adopts in the method for the foregoing description 1,2 can be electron accelerator or X-ray production apparatus, and used gamma ray projector then is
60Co,
137Cs,
192The high specific activity gamma activity isotope of Ir etc. radiogenic any.
Backward scattering array detecting device in the method for the foregoing description 1,2 can adopt any of gases at high pressure array for ionization chamber, proportional chamber, scintillator arrays sniffer and semiconductor or solid array detecting device, but thin entrance window all should be arranged, make it to survey the electromagnetic radiation photon that energy is lower than 300keV.
The incidental grill-shaped collimating apparatus of this array detecting device is made up of a series of substantially parallel metals (can adopt iron, copper, lead etc.) dividing plate.With the sniffer joint, the spacing of these dividing plates is identical or smaller with the height of " detector unit " sensitive volume.Intersecting of their elongated surfaces and the actinism district on the object, divide the guest species branch in this active region into " array detecting device unit " mass part that quantity is identical---" material unit ".By the barrier effect of dividing plate, the backward scattering that each " material unit " produces in the above-mentioned actinism district will be surveyed by pairing " detector unit ", not go and can not inject in other " detector unit ".The one-to-one relationship between the backward scattering of " material unit " generation respectively in the wire actinism district on this output signal that has guaranteed backward scattering array detecting device each " detector unit " and the object.
The height of the clapboard spacing of the spatial resolution of backward scattering image and above-mentioned grill-shaped collimating apparatus or array " detector unit " sensitive volume is closely related.Obviously, reduce clapboard spacing or " detector unit " sensitive volume height will cause the raising of spatial resolution, but can reduce detector sensitivity simultaneously and increase the quantity (road number) of required " detector unit ".When implementing, should look concrete detection requirement and to above-mentioned each combined factors consider, balance selects.
Conventional method is all used in collection, the processing of backward scattering detector signal in the present embodiment 1,2, no longer sets forth.
Second aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of the cannot-harm-detection device that can obtain X or gamma-rays transmission and backward scattering digitized video simultaneously.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the pick-up unit of present embodiment mainly is made up of backward scattering array detecting device 7 and the signals collecting and the disposal system 8 etc. of radiographic source 1, preceding collimating apparatus 2, tractor 3, back collimating apparatus 5, transmissive arrays sniffer 6, band grill-shaped collimating apparatus.
Radiographic source 1 is optional with electron accelerator (linear accelerator or electrostatic accelerator), X-ray production apparatus or high specific activity gamma activity isotope.The first two plants radiographic source all is to produce the X ray (bremstrahlen) that ceiling capacity is equal to electron energy by high-velocity electrons bombardment heavy metal target, but the X ray ceiling capacity in accelerator source is number MeV or higher, and the only hundreds of keV of the X ray ceiling capacity of X-ray production apparatus.Make radiographic source with radioactive isotope, should select high specific activity for use
60Co,
137Cs,
192The gamma activity isotope of different-energies such as Ir, the size of its active region are the millimeter magnitude, and activity is 1 * 10
10To 3 * 10
13Becquerel.Wherein
60The energy of in Co source the highest (1.17MeV and 1.33MeV), thereby penetrating power and detection degree of depth maximum.
Identical with existing general container pick-up unit, preceding collimating apparatus 2, back collimating apparatus 5 all are made up of pair of metal (iron or the lead etc.) plate that is parallel to each other and leave certain interval, and collimating in order to X that radiographic source is sent or gamma-rays becomes the sheet beam.Transmissive arrays sniffer 6 is identical with prior art also, can select array high voltage ionization chamber, proportional chamber and proportional counter, G-M pipe, scintillation detector and semiconductor or solid array detecting device etc. for use.
Tractor 3 is in order to realize the relative translation campaign between tested object 4 and the sheet beam.Dual mode is arranged: as shown in Figure 1 a kind of, tested object is dragged other detection equipment and is then kept transfixion; Another kind of mode is that tested object maintenance is motionless, draw radiographic source 1, collimating apparatus 2 and 5, backward scattering array detecting device 7 and the transmissive arrays sniffer 6 that places on the same rigid frame and drag, thereby realize translation scan motion tested object by tractor.
Backward scattering array detecting device 7 is made up of the array detecting device that can survey the following electromagnetic radiation photon of 300keV and matched with it grill-shaped collimating apparatus.This backward scattering array detecting device can be selected one of gas filled ionization chamber, proportional counter, G-M counter, scintillation detector or semiconductor detector for use.The grill-shaped collimating apparatus is made up of a series of substantially parallel metal partion (metp)s mutually.Be equal to or slightly less than the thickness (highly) of its detector unit sensitive volume with the clapboard spacing of array detecting device joint, and the occupied space subtended angle scope of each dividing plate elongated surfaces should be enough big and can contain tested object.
Backward scattering array detecting device 7 should place between tested object and the radiographic source, is placed on the next door (one or both sides) of sheet beam.The scattered photon that will definitely avoid radiation photon that radiographic source directly sends or them to produce on media such as preceding collimating apparatus, source container can shine on the backward scattering array detecting device 7, injects its sensitive volume and can only allow from the backward scattering photon in the tested object actinism district.Simultaneously, inject the backscattered light subnumber of detector for increase, backward scattering array detecting device 7 should be placed in the position near tested object as far as possible.The backward scattering array detecting device can only be provided with one group, also two or more sets can be set, to improve the detection sensitivity to backward scattering.
Corresponding aforementioned first kind of tractor function mode, the also same radiographic source of backward scattering array detecting device, collimating apparatus are the same with the transmissive arrays sniffer, are fixed.Corresponding to aforementioned second kind of tractor function mode, the same radiographic source of backward scattering array detecting device, collimating apparatus are done scanning motion with transmissive arrays sniffer etc., and it is motionless that tested object then keeps.
Signals collecting and disposal system 8 comprise two parts, correspond respectively to the output signal of transmissive arrays sniffer and backward scattering array detecting device.They include prime amplifier, data acquisition circuit and Computer signal and image processing system etc.Various signals that use or that other is general and image processing techniques all can be selected to adopt in various types of transmission-type X or gamma-rays radiant image container nondestructive detection system.X that is obtained or γ transmission image may be displayed on the same or different computer screens with the backward scattering image.
The embodiment of pick-up unit of the present invention is mainly used in cobalt-60 backward scattering and transmission digitized video the cannot-harm-detection device of container or lorry detection.
The radiation source 5 that this device adopts is that activity is about 3.7 * 10
12The high specific activity of Becquerel (100 Curie)
60The Co radiographic source.Before collimating apparatus form by two 2 meters high, iron block 10 cm thicks, its gap is 5 millimeters.The backward scattering array detecting device is a thin window type array for ionization chamber, has two groups, respectively comprises 256 " detector units ", and its sensitive volume height is 10 millimeters.The sniffer grill-shaped collimating apparatus of joining is also divided 256 lattice therewith, and the height of every lattice also is 10 millimeters, and spacer width then is 20 centimetres.Between collimating apparatus and the tested object, be positioned at the both sides of sheet beam before these two groups of backward scattering array detecting devices all are arranged at, also be furnished with the shield facility that stops spuious ray.Dragging system is an electronic wooden handcart, can drag draw tested object placed on it by certain sweep velocity by sheet ray district.Back collimating apparatus is made of the iron block of two 20 cm thicks, and the gap is 10 millimeters.Thereafter " transmissive arrays sniffer " is the array high voltage ionization chamber, contains 512 " detector units ".Backward scattering and transmissive arrays sniffer all are furnished with signals collecting and disposal system separately.Computer system can be simultaneously displayed on backward scattering and the transmission image that is obtained on the screen, differentiates for the supervisory personnel.
The detection performance of this pick-up unit transmission image system is: the picture element value (IQI) behind 100 millimeters iron blocks is respectively 2.5% and 0.5% with contrast sensitivity (CI); Penetrating power is 240 millimeters iron; Maximum detection dosage is 5 little gray(Gy)s; Percent of pass be 20 TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit)s/hour.The inspection degree of depth of the backward scattering image system of this pick-up unit can reach tens of millimeters iron (being equivalent to tens of cm of water), and can possess the function that makes organic image in this inspection degree of depth " highlight automatically ".
Claims (6)
1, a kind of X or gamma-rays radiant image lossless detection method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) X that sends of radiographic source or gamma-rays by parallel tabular before collimating device collimation be vertical sheet beam;
2) the backward scattering array detecting device of being with the grill-shaped collimating apparatus is set outside sheet beam between this radiographic source and the tested object, makes it only acceptance and detection backward scattering from tested object;
3) this sheet beam is injected each detector unit that the backward scattering array detecting device is injected in the backward scattering of sending in the wire actinism district at tested object place after by the grill-shaped collimating apparatus; Because the effect of grill-shaped collimating apparatus, each detector unit of backward scattering array detecting device aims at the different parts in the wire actinism district on the tested object respectively, the backward scattering of measuring these different parts respectively correspondingly and being produced;
4),, obtain the backward scattering digitized video of tested object by signals collecting and disposal system along with the relative translation scanning motion between tested object and sheet beam.
2, X as claimed in claim 1 or gamma-rays radiant image lossless detection method is characterized in that, further comprise:
1) in the back of tested object the transmissive arrays sniffer is set, makes it to accept and survey transmission from tested object;
2) after X or gamma-rays are vertical sheet beam by preceding collimating device collimation, pass tested object, and inject thereafter transmissive arrays sniffer through collimating apparatus later;
3) along with the relative translation scanning motion between tested object and sheet beam, the transmission digitized video that signals collecting and the disposal system by this transmissive arrays sniffer obtains tested object.
3, X as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or gamma-rays radiant image lossless detection method is characterized in that, said radiographic source be electron accelerator, X-ray production apparatus or
60Co,
137Cs,
192The Ir radioactive isotope.
4, a kind of X or gamma-rays radiant image the cannot-harm-detection device, the back collimating apparatus before comprising radiographic source, preceding collimating apparatus, tractor and placing the transmissive arrays sniffer; Should before collimating apparatus and back collimating apparatus all forms by the pair of metal plate that is parallel to each other and leave certain interval, this preceding collimating apparatus collimates in order to X that radiographic source is sent or gamma-rays becomes the sheet beam; It is characterized in that: the backward scattering array detecting device and signals collecting and the disposal system that between radiographic source and tested object, are provided with the grill-shaped collimating apparatus that constitutes by the massive parallel dividing plate, the sensitive volume height of the parallel baffle spacing of said grill-shaped collimating apparatus and the detector unit of backward scattering array detecting device is complementary, the elongated surfaces of its parallel baffle should clad the actinism district of object, and wherein the direction of parallel baffle is vertical mutually with the in-plane of sheet beam; This sheet beam is injected the backward scattering of each position, wire actinism district at tested object place sending and is injected the corresponding detector of each of backward scattering array detecting device unit after by the grill-shaped collimating apparatus respectively; Tractor is set realizes relative translation scanning motion between tested object and sheet beam.
5, X as claimed in claim 4 or gamma-rays radiant image the cannot-harm-detection device, it is characterized in that the detector of said backward scattering array detecting device is one of gas filled ionization chamber, proportional counter, G-M counter, scintillation detector or semiconductor detector.
6. as claim 4 or 5 described X or gamma-rays radiant image the cannot-harm-detection device, it is characterized in that, said backward scattering array detecting device is one group, two groups or many groups, all place outside the sheet beam, make it to accept and to survey backward scattering from the tested object wire actinism district.
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| CNB011310979A CN1164928C (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2001-09-21 | Detecting method and equipment for X-or gamma-radiation imaging |
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| CN1779444B (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2010-04-14 | 清华大学 | Safety CT inspector for liquid by ray resource |
| CN1779451B (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2010-04-28 | 清华大学 | Back scattering safety inspector for liquid by radioactive resource |
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2001
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| CN1779444B (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2010-04-14 | 清华大学 | Safety CT inspector for liquid by ray resource |
| CN1779451B (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2010-04-28 | 清华大学 | Back scattering safety inspector for liquid by radioactive resource |
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