CN116482617A - Switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation system based on super surface - Google Patents
Switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation system based on super surface Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation system based on a super surface, which comprises the super surface and a frequency mixing system, wherein the super surface comprises the following components in sequence from top to bottom: the device comprises a basic unit layer, a first medium layer, a first metal stratum, a second medium layer, a transmitting network layer, an air layer, a second metal stratum, a third medium layer and a receiving network layer; each basic unit is provided with a transmitting patch and a receiving patch at the same time, the receiving patch works in a fundamental frequency wave frequency band, and the transmitting patch works in a secondary harmonic frequency band and a third harmonic frequency band at the same time; the frequency mixing system comprises a signal source, a frequency mixer, a radio frequency amplifier and a filter, wherein the radio frequency amplifier amplifies a fundamental frequency signal received by the super surface and outputs the amplified fundamental frequency signal to the frequency mixer, mixes the amplified fundamental frequency signal with an output signal of the signal source, and then outputs the amplified fundamental frequency signal after filtering by the filter; the second and third harmonic generation is switched by the signal source output signal and the filter filtering. The invention improves the detection countermeasure capability of the target to the harmonic radar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electromagnetic functional materials, in particular to a switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation system based on a super surface.
Background
In the optical field, second and third harmonic generation has been applied in source generation, imaging, communication, vital sign monitoring, and the like. In the microwave field, however, the search for harmonic generation is mostly limited to harmonic generation of modulated waves, not harmonic generation of carrier waves. Although the exploration and application of the direction are less, the harmonic generation technology still has a certain application prospect. For example, harmonic radars can detect semiconductor nodes and metal object nodes by monitoring the second and third harmonic radiation, and for this feature, if the intensity of the reflected signal at the harmonic frequency is changed, the harmonic radars cannot accurately identify the characteristics of the target, and can even further achieve camouflage of the semiconductor and metal targets. In addition to this, harmonic generation techniques may also be applied in advanced communication systems. The study of harmonic generation technology is certainly of great significance.
Document 1 (h.p. Wang et al., "High-Efficiency Spatial-Wave Frequency Multiplication Using Strongly Nonlinear Metasurface," Advanced Science, vol.8, no. 18, p. 2101212, sep.2021, doi: 10.1002/advs.202101212) proposes a High efficiency second harmonic generation super surface based on a frequency doubling chip circuit which achieves 85.11% conversion efficiency at normal incidence in the microwave band, but the design only achieves second harmonic generation of the incident wave alone, cannot achieve third harmonic generation, and has functional limitations. Document 2 (c.hilton and j.a. Nanzer, "Narrowband Passive RF Tags for Frequency-Selective Harmonic Doppler Radar Tracking," IEEE trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 1216-1222, feb, 2023, doi: 10.1109/tap.2022.3220489) proposes a narrowband passive radio frequency tag design for frequency selective harmonic doppler radar tracking, the tag receives an incident wave, generates a second harmonic of the incident wave by using nonlinearity of a diode, re-radiates into space through a dipole antenna, but the design can only achieve second harmonic generation, can only play a role of identification, and cannot achieve electromagnetic camouflage and countermeasure. And because the frequency doubling chip and the diode in the two harmonic generation designs are integrated, the generated harmonic intensity cannot be actively changed when the incident wave is unchanged, and the limitation of uncontrollable efficiency exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation system based on a super surface, which can be attached to a target, thereby improving the detection countermeasure capability of the target to a harmonic radar and playing a role in an advanced communication system according to the characteristic of harmonic passive generation.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a subsurface-based switchable second and third harmonic passive generation system comprising a subsurface, and a mixing system coupled to the subsurface, wherein:
the super surface is a super surface integrating fundamental frequency receiving and harmonic wave transmitting, and the whole super surface comprises the following components in sequence from top to bottom: the device comprises a basic unit layer, a first medium layer, a first metal stratum, a second medium layer, a transmitting network layer, an air layer, a second metal stratum, a third medium layer and a receiving network layer; the basic unit layer comprises 64 basic units, each basic unit is provided with a transmitting patch and a receiving patch at the same time, the receiving patch works in a fundamental frequency wave frequency band, and the transmitting patch works in a secondary harmonic frequency band and a third harmonic frequency band at the same time;
the frequency mixing system comprises a signal source, a frequency mixer, a radio frequency amplifier and a filter, wherein the radio frequency amplifier amplifies a fundamental frequency signal received by the super surface and outputs the amplified fundamental frequency signal to the frequency mixer, the frequency mixer mixes the amplified fundamental frequency signal with an output signal of the signal source, and the obtained mixed signal is filtered by the filter and then is output; the second and third harmonic generation is switched by the signal source output signal and the filter filtering.
Further, the second and third harmonic generation is switched by the signal source output signal and the filter filtering, concretely as follows:
the baseband wave received by the receiving patch and the receiving network layer is amplified by a radio frequency amplifier and then is input into an IF port of a mixer, meanwhile, a signal source is used for generating the baseband wave, the baseband wave is input into an LO port of the mixer, and after mixing, the second harmonic wave is output from the RF port of the mixer; the second harmonic generated by the mixer is radiated into space through a transmitting network layer and a transmitting patch, and the second harmonic generation of the harmonic passive generation system is completed;
the baseband wave received by the receiving patch and the receiving network layer is amplified by a radio frequency amplifier and then is input into an IF port of a mixer, meanwhile, a signal source is used for generating a second harmonic wave, the second harmonic wave is input into an LO port of the mixer, and after mixing, a third harmonic wave is output from the RF port of the mixer; and after the third harmonic generated by the mixer is filtered by the filter, the third harmonic is radiated into space through the transmitting network layer and the transmitting patch, and the third harmonic generation of the harmonic passive generation system is completed.
Further, the receiving patch in each base unit is disposed above the transmitting patch; the receiving patch is a rectangular patch; the transmitting patch is a double-circular patch and is formed by combining two circular patches connected by a microstrip line.
Further, the transmitting patch and the receiving patch are respectively provided with a metal through hole, the metal through holes of the transmitting patch penetrate through the first dielectric layer, the first metal stratum, the second dielectric layer and the transmitting network layer to be connected, and the metal through holes of the receiving patch penetrate through the first dielectric layer, the first metal stratum, the second dielectric layer, the air layer, the second metal stratum, the third dielectric layer and the receiving network layer to be connected.
Further, the receiving network layer adopts a power distribution network with a microstrip line structure of 1:64, energy received by receiving patches of 64 basic units is gathered to an output port through the network, and the output port is finally connected with a first coaxial connector; the effective operating frequency band of the receiving network layer comprises an effective operating frequency band of the receiving patch.
Further, the transmitting network layer adopts a power distribution network with a microstrip line structure of 1:64, and evenly distributes the energy input through an input port to transmitting patches of 64 basic units and the energy is radiated into space by the transmitting patches; the input port is connected with a second coaxial connector; the effective operating frequency band of the transmitting network layer comprises the effective operating frequency band of the transmitting patch.
Further, the super surface is composed of two circuit boards, wherein the first circuit board comprises a basic unit layer, a first medium layer, a first metal stratum, a second medium layer and a transmitting network layer, and the second circuit board comprises a receiving network layer, a third medium layer and a second metal stratum; the first circuit board and the second circuit board are welded and connected by copper pins.
Further, each basic unit in the basic unit layer is 54mm long and 28mm wide, the receiving patch works in the S band, and the transmitting patch works in the C/X two typical frequency bands.
Further, the first dielectric layer is made of an F4B plate, the dielectric constant is 2.65, and the thickness is 3mm; the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are made of Rogers RT5880 plates, have a dielectric constant of 2.2 and have a thickness of 0.5mm.
Further, the conversion efficiency of the system is quantitatively expressed as: the reflected harmonic intensity divided by the percentage of the incident fundamental wave intensity, the conversion efficiency is varied by varying the amplification of the rf amplifier.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: (1) When fundamental frequency incident waves exist, the harmonic passive generation system can be used for switchably and passively generating secondary and third harmonic waves, so that electromagnetic camouflage and countermeasure of a harmonic radar are effectively realized; (2) Secondary and third harmonic conversion efficiencies of 55.5% and 42.6%, respectively, can be achieved at 2.95GHz, and the conversion efficiency can be further enhanced by increasing the amplifier capability due to the design of the mixing system; (3) Besides the advantages of passive generation and easy realization, the method has the obvious advantages of switchable and adjustable efficiency compared with other harmonic generation designs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a subsurface-based switchable second and third harmonic passive generation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single unit structure of a subsurface module in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a super-surface transmitting network layer structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a receiving network layer structure of a subsurface in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of scattering coefficients between a cell port and a space port of a subsurface module in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of scattering coefficients between the spatial ports and the overall structure of a subsurface unit containing a bias network in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the actual measurement result of the change of the output power of each harmonic with the frequency of the fundamental frequency incident wave when the system generates the second harmonic at normal incidence in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the actual measurement result of the change of the output power of each harmonic with the frequency of the fundamental frequency incident wave when the system generates the third harmonic at normal incidence in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the actual measurement result of the change of the output power of each harmonic with the incident angle when the system generates the second harmonic at the fundamental frequency of the incident wave of 3GHz in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 10 is a graph showing the actual measurement result of the change of the output power of each harmonic with the incidence angle when the system generates the third harmonic with the incidence wave of 3GHz at the fundamental frequency in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a switchable second and third harmonic passive generation system based on a super surface, which comprises the super surface and a mixing system connected with the super surface; the super-surface consists of super-surface units and two 1-64 feed bias networks, wherein each unit consists of a transmitting patch and a receiving patch; the transmitting patch and the receiving patch of 8 multiplied by 8 units are respectively connected with the transmitting network of the middle layer and the receiving network of the bottom layer through metal through holes; the mixing system is composed of a mixer, a signal source, an amplifier and a filter. The system receives signals in the working frequency band of the receiving patch, sequentially inputs the signals into equipment such as an amplifier, a mixer and the like through a receiving network, mixes the signals with local oscillation signals input by a signal source to generate second harmonic waves or third harmonic waves, and radiates the signals into space through a transmitting network and the transmitting patch, so that the system has the characteristics of passive receiving, switchable and adjustable efficiency. The invention realizes electromagnetic camouflage and countermeasure of detection systems such as harmonic radars by regulating and controlling the frequency of the signal source so as to switch the re-radiation signal between the second harmonic wave and the third harmonic wave of the incident signal.
The following describes the subsurface-based switchable second and third harmonic passive generation system of the present invention in detail:
as shown in fig. 1, the switchable second and third harmonic passive generation system based on a super surface of the present invention comprises a super surface, and a mixing system connected with the super surface, wherein:
the super surface is a super surface integrating fundamental frequency receiving and harmonic wave transmitting, and the whole super surface comprises the following components in sequence from top to bottom: a basic unit layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a first metal layer 3, a second dielectric layer 4, a transmitting network layer 5, an air layer 6, a second metal layer 7, a third dielectric layer 8 and a receiving network layer 9; the basic unit layer 1 comprises 64 basic units, each basic unit is provided with a transmitting patch and a receiving patch at the same time, the receiving patch works in a fundamental frequency wave frequency band, and the transmitting patch works in a secondary harmonic frequency band and a third harmonic frequency band at the same time;
the frequency mixing system comprises a signal source 10, a frequency mixer 11, a radio frequency amplifier 12 and a filter 13, wherein the radio frequency amplifier 12 amplifies a fundamental frequency signal received by a super surface and outputs the amplified fundamental frequency signal to the frequency mixer 11, the frequency mixer 11 mixes the amplified fundamental frequency signal with an output signal of the signal source 10, and the obtained mixed signal is filtered by the filter 13 and then is output; the second and third harmonic generation is switched by the signal output by the signal source 10 and filtered by the filter 13.
As a specific example, the second and third harmonic generation is switched by the signal output from the signal source 10 and the filtering by the filter 13, concretely as follows:
the baseband wave received by the receiving patch and the receiving network layer 9 is amplified by the radio frequency amplifier 12 and then input into the IF port of the mixer 11, meanwhile, the signal source 10 generates the baseband wave, and the baseband wave is input into the LO port of the mixer 11, and after mixing, the second harmonic wave is output from the RF port of the mixer 11; the second harmonic generated by the mixer 11 is radiated into space through the transmitting network layer 5 and the transmitting patch, namely the second harmonic generation of the harmonic passive generation system is completed;
the baseband wave received by the receiving patch and the receiving network layer 9 is amplified by the radio frequency amplifier 12 and then input into the IF port of the mixer 11, meanwhile, the signal source 10 generates the second harmonic wave, and the second harmonic wave is input into the LO port of the mixer 11, and the third harmonic wave is output from the RF port of the mixer 11 after mixing; after the third harmonic generated by the mixer 11 is filtered by the filter 13, the third harmonic is radiated into space through the transmitting network layer 5 and the transmitting patch, and the third harmonic generation of the harmonic passive generation system is completed.
As a specific example, the receiving patch in each base unit is disposed above the transmitting patch; the receiving patch is a rectangular patch; the transmitting patch is a double-circular patch and is formed by combining two circular patches connected by a microstrip line.
As a specific example, the transmitting patch and the receiving patch are respectively provided with a metal through hole, the metal through hole of the transmitting patch passes through the first dielectric layer 2, the first metal layer 3, the second dielectric layer 4 and the transmitting network layer 5 to be connected, and the metal through hole of the receiving patch passes through the first dielectric layer 2, the first metal layer 3, the second dielectric layer 4, the air layer 6, the second metal layer 7, the third dielectric layer 8 and the receiving network layer 9 to be connected.
As a specific example, the receiving network layer 9 adopts a power distribution network with a microstrip line structure of 1:64, and gathers the energy received by the receiving patches of 64 basic units onto an output port 14 through the network, and the output port 14 is finally connected with a first coaxial connector; the active operating band of the receiving network layer 9 comprises the active operating band of the receiving patch.
As a specific example, the transmitting network layer 5 adopts a power distribution network of a microstrip line structure of 1:64, distributes the energy input through the input port 15 equally to the transmitting patches of 64 basic units, and radiates the energy into space by the transmitting patches; the input port 15 is connected with a second coaxial connector; the effective operating frequency band of the transmitting network layer 5 comprises the effective operating frequency band of the transmitting patch.
As a specific example, the super surface is composed of two circuit boards, the first circuit board comprises a basic unit layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a first metal stratum 3, a second dielectric layer 4 and a transmitting network layer 5, and the second circuit board comprises a receiving network layer 9, a third dielectric layer 8 and a second metal stratum 7; the first circuit board and the second circuit board are welded and connected by copper pins.
As a specific example, each base unit in the base unit layer 1 is 54mm long and 28mm wide, the receiving patch operates in the S-band, and the transmitting patch operates in the C/X two typical frequency bands.
As a specific example, the first dielectric layer 2 is made of an F4B plate, and has a dielectric constant of 2.65 and a thickness of 3mm; the second dielectric layer 4 and the third dielectric layer 8 are made of Rogers RT5880 plates, have a dielectric constant of 2.2 and have a thickness of 0.5mm.
As a specific example, the conversion efficiency of the system is quantitatively expressed as: the conversion efficiency is varied by varying the amplification of the rf amplifier 12 in the form of the reflected harmonic intensity divided by the percentage of the incident fundamental wave intensity.
The design principle of the invention is as follows: the switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation system based on the super surface consists of the super surface and a frequency mixing system; the super-surface consists of super-surface units and two 1-64 feed bias networks, wherein each unit consists of a transmitting patch and a receiving patch; the 8 multiplied by 8 basic units are connected with the two bias networks through metal through holes, and the transmitting patch and the receiving patch respectively correspond to the bias networks of the middle layer and the bottom layer; the mixing system is composed of a mixer 11, a signal source 10, a radio frequency amplifier 12 and a filter 13. The super surface receives signals in the working frequency of the receiving patch, sequentially inputs the signals into devices such as a radio frequency amplifier 12, a mixer 13 and the like through a receiving network layer 9, mixes the signals with local oscillation signals of a signal source 10 to generate second harmonic waves or third harmonic waves, and radiates the signals into space through a transmitting network layer 5 and the transmitting patch. By regulating and controlling the frequency of the signal source 10, the re-radiation signal is switched between the second harmonic wave and the third harmonic wave of the incident signal, and the camouflage effect of a detection system such as a harmonic radar is realized.
The design process of the switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation system based on the super surface comprises the following steps:
step 1, a designed super-surface unit is provided with a transmitting patch and a receiving patch at the same time, wherein the receiving patch works in a fundamental frequency wave frequency band, and the transmitting patch works in a secondary harmonic frequency band and a third harmonic frequency band at the same time;
step 2, realizing that the designed super surface is provided with two bias feed networks which are respectively a receiving network layer 9 and a transmitting network layer 5 and are in a microstrip line structure;
and 3, realizing that the designed super surface is connected with a frequency mixing system, realizing the switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation function, and further realizing electromagnetic camouflage and countermeasure of detection systems such as a harmonic radar.
Specifically, the design realizes that the super-surface unit is simultaneously provided with a transmitting patch and a receiving patch, the receiving patch works in a fundamental frequency wave frequency band, and the transmitting patch works in a secondary harmonic frequency band and a third harmonic frequency band; the harmonic generation super surface comprises 64 basic units, wherein each basic unit comprises two patches, namely a rectangular receiving patch and two circular combined double-circular transmitting patches connected by a microstrip line; a dielectric substrate and a metal bottom plate which are made of F4B are arranged below the patch, and a metal hole is formed in each of the transmitting patch and the receiving patch, penetrates through the dielectric substrate and the metal bottom plate and is respectively connected with a receiving network and a transmitting network; the multiband nature of the harmonic generation subsurface allows the subsurface to receive fundamental frequencies and transmit generated second and third harmonics.
Specifically, the design realizes that the super surface is provided with two bias feed networks which are respectively a receiving network and a transmitting network and are in a microstrip line structure; the receiving network is a power distribution network of a microstrip line structure with 1 minute and 64 minutes, and can collect the energy received by the receiving patches with 64 units to an output port through the network, and the port is finally connected with a coaxial connector. The effective working frequency band of the receiving network comprises the effective working frequency band of the receiving patch; the power distribution network of the microstrip line structure of which the transmission network is 1 minute 64 can uniformly distribute the energy inputted through the input port (which is connected to the other coaxial connector) to 64 transmission patches and radiate the same into space. The effective operating frequency band of the transmitting network comprises the effective operating frequency band of the transmitting patch.
Specifically, the design realizes that the super surface is connected with a frequency mixing system, the baseband wave received through a receiving patch and a receiving network is amplified through a power amplifier and then is input into an Intermediate Frequency (IF) port of a frequency mixer, meanwhile, a signal source is used for generating the baseband wave, the baseband wave is input into a Local Oscillator (LO) port of the frequency mixer, and after frequency mixing, the second harmonic wave is output from a Radio Frequency (RF) port of the frequency mixer. The second harmonic generated by the mixer is radiated into space through a transmitting network and a transmitting patch, and the second harmonic generation of the harmonic generation system is completed; the fundamental frequency wave received by the receiving patch and the receiving network is amplified by a power amplifier and then is input into an Intermediate Frequency (IF) port of the mixer, meanwhile, a signal source is used for generating a second harmonic wave, the second harmonic wave is input into a Local Oscillator (LO) port of the mixer, and after mixing, a third harmonic wave is output from a Radio Frequency (RF) port of the mixer. And after the third harmonic generated by the mixer is filtered by the band-pass filter, the third harmonic is radiated into space through the transmitting network and the transmitting patch, and the third harmonic generation of the harmonic generation system is completed. Therefore, the switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation function is realized by regulating and controlling the frequency of the signal source, and electromagnetic camouflage and countermeasure of a detection system such as a harmonic radar are further realized.
For a clearer description of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, reference will be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It will be apparent that the examples described are preferred embodiments of the invention and are not limiting thereof.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1 to 10, this embodiment provides a receiving and transmitting integrated super surface, where the super surface includes 64 basic units and two layers of bias feeding networks, and the whole super surface is sequentially from top to bottom:
the first layer is a basic unit layer 1, wherein each basic unit comprises two patches, namely a rectangular receiving patch and two circular combined double-circular transmitting patches connected by a microstrip line. The dielectric substrate and the metal bottom plate which are made of F4B are arranged below the patch, and the transmitting patch and the receiving patch are provided with a metal hole, penetrate through the dielectric substrate and the metal bottom plate and are respectively connected with the receiving network and the transmitting network.
The second layer is a first dielectric layer 2, and a dielectric layer made of F4B is adopted;
the third layer is a first metal stratum 3;
the fourth layer is a second dielectric layer 4, and the material is a dielectric layer of Rogers RT 5880;
the fifth layer is a transmitting network layer 5, which is a power distribution network of a microstrip line structure of 1:64, and can equally distribute energy input through an input port (which is connected to another coaxial connector) to 64 transmitting patches and radiate into space. The effective operating frequency band of the transmitting network comprises the effective operating frequency band of the transmitting patch.
The sixth layer is an air layer 6;
the seventh layer is a second metal stratum 7;
the eighth layer is a third dielectric layer 8, and the material is a dielectric layer of Rogers RT 5880;
the ninth layer is a receiving network layer 9, which is a power distribution network of a microstrip line structure of 1:64, and can collect the energy received by the receiving patches of 64 units onto an output port 14 through the network, and the output port 14 is finally connected with a first coaxial connector. The effective operating frequency band of the receiving network comprises the effective operating frequency band of the receiving patch.
The thickness of each layer of structure on the super surface is marked in figure 1, the unit is mm, and the metal thickness is 1oz. Wherein the thickness of the first medium layer is 3mm, the thickness of the second medium layer is 0.5mm, the thickness of the air layer is 3mm, the thirdThe thickness of the dielectric layer is 0.5mm. In addition, f in FIG. 1 0 Representing incident fundamental frequency waves, 2f 0 /3f 0 Representing the second/third harmonic of the emission and showing f, respectively 0 And 2f 0 /3f 0 Corresponding schematic waveforms.
Specifically, in this embodiment, specific structural parameters of the subsurface unit are shown in fig. 2, and the units are all mm. Wherein the unit size is 54mm long and 28mm wide; the rectangular receiving patch is 30mm long and 22mm wide, 1mm from the upper edge of the unit and 3mm from the right edge of the unit; the port 1 is 26mm away from the upper edge of the rectangular patch and 11mm away from the right edge of the rectangular patch; the center of the first round patch of the double round transmitting patch is 6mm from the left edge of the unit, the center of the second round patch is 8mm from the right edge of the unit, the center of the second round patch is 14mm from the lower edge of the unit, the radiuses of the double circles are 5.5mm and 6.5mm respectively, and the widths of connecting lines of the double circles and the port 2 are 1mm and 0.5mm respectively; port 2 is 11mm from the left edge of the cell and 4mm from the lower edge of the cell. The receiving patch and the transmitting patch are connected with the transmitting network of the fifth layer and the receiving network of the sixth layer through a port 1 and a port 2 respectively.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the transmitting network of the subsurface is shown in fig. 3, and the receiving network is shown in fig. 4. Both bias networks are power distribution networks of 1:64 of microstrip line structure, so that the super surface can transmit energy to the mixing system through the output port, and the mixing system can transmit energy to the super surface through the input port.
As a preferred solution, fig. 5 shows the simulation result of the scattering coefficient between the unit port and the space port, and it can be seen that the receiving patch operates in the S-band and the transmitting patch operates in the C/X-band.
As a preferred solution, fig. 6 shows scattering coefficients between the ports of the overall structure of the super surface and the spatial ports, and it can be seen that the super surface has good transmission efficiency in both the fundamental frequency band and the corresponding second and third harmonic bands.
As a preferred scheme, fig. 7 and 8 show the intensity of each order of harmonic wave reflected and generated by the actually measured harmonic wave generating system under normal incidence waves of different frequency fundamental frequencies of 0dBm, and show the fundamental frequency reflection intensity of an equal-sized metal plate as a comparison, wherein fig. 7 is a result diagram when the second harmonic wave is generated, and the conversion efficiency reaches the highest at 3 GHz; FIG. 8 is a graph of the results of third harmonic generation, with conversion efficiency at 3GHz being highest.
As a preferred scheme, fig. 9 and fig. 10 show the reflected and generated harmonic intensities of each order under the incident wave with different angles of the fundamental frequency of 0dBm and 3GHz, and show the fundamental frequency reflection intensity of the equal-sized metal plate as a comparison, wherein fig. 9 is a result graph when the second harmonic is generated, and fig. 10 is a result graph when the third harmonic is generated.
The invention realizes the switchable secondary and third harmonic generation functions of fundamental frequency incident waves by designing the double-patch super surface integrating receiving and transmitting and combining a frequency mixing system comprising a frequency mixer, a signal source and other equipment, thereby improving the detection countermeasure capability of a target on a harmonic radar. It should be noted that the above-expressed examples are only some of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A subsurface-based switchable second and third harmonic passive generation system, comprising a subsurface, and a mixing system coupled to the subsurface, wherein:
the super surface is a super surface integrating fundamental frequency receiving and harmonic wave transmitting, and the whole super surface comprises the following components in sequence from top to bottom: the device comprises a basic unit layer (1), a first medium layer (2), a first metal stratum (3), a second medium layer (4), a transmitting network layer (5), an air layer (6), a second metal stratum (7), a third medium layer (8) and a receiving network layer (9); the basic unit layer (1) comprises 64 basic units, each basic unit is provided with a transmitting patch and a receiving patch at the same time, the receiving patch works in a fundamental frequency wave frequency band, and the transmitting patch works in a second harmonic frequency band and a third harmonic frequency band at the same time;
the frequency mixing system comprises a signal source (10), a frequency mixer (11), a radio frequency amplifier (12) and a filter (13), wherein the radio frequency amplifier (12) amplifies a baseband signal received by the super surface and outputs the baseband signal to the frequency mixer (11), the frequency mixer (11) mixes the amplified baseband signal with an output signal of the signal source (10), and the obtained mixed signal is filtered by the filter (13) and then is output; the second and third harmonic generation is switched by the signal output from the signal source (10) and the filtering by the filter (13).
2. The subsurface-based switchable second and third harmonic generation system according to claim 1, wherein the second and third harmonic generation is switched by filtering the signal source (10) output signal and the filter (13), in particular as follows:
the baseband wave received by the receiving patch and the receiving network layer (9) is amplified by the radio frequency amplifier (12) and then is input into the IF port of the mixer (11), meanwhile, the signal source (10) is used for generating the baseband wave, the baseband wave is input into the LO port of the mixer (11), and after mixing, the second harmonic wave is output from the RF port of the mixer (11); the second harmonic generated by the mixer (11) is radiated into space through the transmitting network layer (5) and the transmitting patch, namely the second harmonic generation of the harmonic passive generation system is completed;
the baseband wave received by the receiving patch and the receiving network layer (9) is amplified by the radio frequency amplifier (12) and then is input into the IF port of the mixer (11), meanwhile, a signal source (10) is used for generating a second harmonic wave, the second harmonic wave is input into the LO port of the mixer (11), and after mixing, a third harmonic wave is output from the RF port of the mixer (11); and after the third harmonic generated by the mixer (11) is filtered by the filter (13), the third harmonic is radiated into space through the transmitting network layer (5) and the transmitting patch, and the third harmonic generation of the harmonic passive generation system is completed.
3. The subsurface-based switchable second and third harmonic passive generation system according to claim 2, wherein the receive patch in each base unit is disposed above the transmit patch; the receiving patch is a rectangular patch; the transmitting patch is a double-circular patch and is formed by combining two circular patches connected by a microstrip line.
4. The super-surface-based switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation system according to claim 3, wherein the transmitting patch and the receiving patch are respectively provided with a metal through hole, the metal through hole of the transmitting patch passes through the first dielectric layer (2), the first metal stratum (3), the second dielectric layer (4) and the transmitting network layer (5), and the metal through hole of the receiving patch passes through the first dielectric layer (2), the first metal stratum (3), the second dielectric layer (4), the air layer (6), the second metal stratum (7), the third dielectric layer (8) and the receiving network layer (9) to be connected.
5. The passive generation system of switchable second and third harmonics based on super surface according to claim 4, wherein said receiving network layer (9) adopts a power distribution network of microstrip line structure of 1:64, and the energy received by the receiving patches of 64 basic units is gathered to an output port (14) through the network, and the output port (14) is finally connected to the first coaxial connector; the effective operating frequency band of the receiving network layer (9) comprises the effective operating frequency band of the receiving patch.
6. The subsurface-based switchable second and third harmonic passive generation system according to claim 4, wherein the transmitting network layer (5) adopts a power distribution network of a microstrip line structure of 1:64, distributes energy input through the input port (15) on average to transmitting patches of 64 basic units, and is radiated into space by the transmitting patches; the input port (15) is connected with a second coaxial connector; the effective operating frequency band of the transmitting network layer (5) comprises the effective operating frequency band of the transmitting patch.
7. The switchable secondary and third harmonic passive generation system based on a super surface according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the super surface consists of two circuit boards, the first circuit board comprising a basic unit layer (1), a first dielectric layer (2), a first metal layer (3), a second dielectric layer (4), a transmitting network layer (5), the second circuit board comprising a receiving network layer (9), a third dielectric layer (8) and a second metal layer (7); the first circuit board and the second circuit board are welded and connected by copper pins.
8. The subsurface-based switchable second and third harmonic passive generating system according to claim 7, wherein each basic unit in the basic unit layer (1) is 54mm long and 28mm wide, the receiving patch operates in the S-band, and the transmitting patch operates in the C/X two typical frequency bands.
9. The subsurface-based switchable second and third harmonic passive generation system according to claim 7, wherein the first dielectric layer (2) is made of F4B plate material, has a dielectric constant of 2.65 and a thickness of 3mm; the second medium layer (4) and the third medium layer (8) are made of Rogers RT5880 plates, the dielectric constant is 2.2, and the thickness is 0.5mm.
10. The subsurface-based switchable second and third harmonic passive generation system according to claim 7, wherein the conversion efficiency of the system is quantitatively expressed as: the reflected harmonic intensity divided by the percentage of the incident fundamental wave intensity, the conversion efficiency being varied by varying the amplification of the radio frequency amplifier (12).
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