CN116479318A - Preparation method of layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting - Google Patents
Preparation method of layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 chromium carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting, which comprises the following steps: weighing chemical element groups including C, cr, mn, si, ni, mo, fe according to production requirements, wherein the Cr content exceeds 12wt%, and the Cr/C mass ratio is more than 4; heating and smelting alloy components to obtain mixed melt; immediately casting after smelting, and preserving heat for 1-15 h at 1000-500 ℃ after casting to form cast ingot, so as to homogenize chromium diffusion and improve segregation. The heat preservation is carried out at a certain temperature after casting, so that the stress formed in the casting due to the fact that the surface cooling speed is high and the internal cooling speed is low of a large casting can be reduced, the cracks of the casting due to the internal stress are reduced, and the rejection rate of products is reduced. The product performance detection result shows that the hardness of the layered high-chromium cast iron product subjected to heat treatment is generally greater than 50HRC, carbides are uniformly distributed, the up-down deviation is less than or equal to 5HRC, and the cracking phenomenon does not occur.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and relates to a preparation method of a high-chromium iron casting.
Background
Cast iron with a Cr content of more than 12% is commonly referred to as high chromium cast iron. The as-cast structure is usually austenite and its transformation products, eutectic carbides (M 7 C 3 ) Or (M) 23 C 6 ) Type carbide.
When the Cr content in cast iron exceeds 12%, M in the structure 7 C 3 The close-packed hexagonal structure of the carbide is approximately in the shape of a rod or a sheet and is distributed on the matrix, thereby reducing the separation effect of the network carbide on the matrix, having higher hardness, and obtaining a large amount of M when the ratio of Cr/C is more than 5 7 C 3 Type carbide. Although containing M 7 C 3 Cast iron of the type carbide has a certain wear resistance and high strength to be widely used in industry, but has a short service life in a severe working environment.
The high-chromium cast iron is mainly used for manufacturing wear-resistant castings due to the excellent wear-resistant performance, and is applied to various industrial fields. The lining board is the main wear-resistant part in ball mill or roller mill, and is mainly used for grinding metallurgical ore, coal, refractory material and other powder materials.
In the mineral industry, the smelting process of cast iron is simple and convenient, the cost is low, and the cast iron has certain wear resistance and is widely applied. Therefore, in a complex environment, the mechanical equipment usually uses cast iron as a base material.
Although the traditional wear-resistant cast iron material has a certain resistance to wear, the effect is too single, while some high-hardness wear-resistant materials have poor impact toughness and cannot resist high-strength cyclic load wear, and the spalling phenomenon can be generated.
Domestic related researchers refine cast iron tissues by researching and adding various alloy elements, changing a heat treatment process or adding various modificators into high-chromium cast iron, so that carbide is changed, and the toughness and wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron are improved.
CN106319334a discloses a high-chromium cast iron alloy material, a manufacturing method and application thereof, and designs a high-chromium cast iron alloy material, wherein elements are matched to form a troostite matrix and carbide particles uniformly distributed in the matrix, the casting molding is carried out, the destabilization treatment is carried out, and the two tempering treatments are carried out after the destabilization, so that the toughness and the wear resistance of the material are improved.
CN109014045a discloses a method for preparing a high-chromium cast iron hammer, which improves hardenability and hardenability of a small-sized high-chromium cast iron material through smelting, heating and melting, casting, quenching, tempering and other methods.
However, the preparation process of the high-chromium cast iron in the prior art still has the following defects:
firstly, each element of the high-chromium cast iron product is matched to form a required matrix and carbide particles uniformly distributed in the matrix, so that the uniform cooling speed is difficult to realize in industrial mass production, the carbide particles are uniformly dispersed in the matrix, the high-chromium cast iron has the problems that the higher the hardness is, the lower the toughness is, and the higher the hardness is, the larger the internal stress is.
Secondly, the wall thickness of the blank in the preparation method of the high-chromium cast iron is small and is about 6-60 mm, and the requirements of industrial mass production on workpieces are hardly met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for preparing a layered high-toughness high-chromium cast iron, which has a layered hard phase with high hardness and a layered matrix phase with softer texture, and the layered hard phase and the soft phase are alternately combined, so that the problem that carbide particles in the matrix and the matrix cannot be uniformly distributed in industrial production can be solved, and the obtained layered structure can solve the problem that the higher the hardness is, the lower the toughness is, so that the impact toughness of the material is improved under the condition of ensuring the strength, and the overall comprehensive performance is better, and the material can be applied to industrial mass production.
The inventor continuously reforms and innovates through long-term exploration and trial and repeated experiments and efforts, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a layered high-toughness high-chromium cast iron, which comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing alloy components
Weighing chemical element groups including C, cr, mn, si, ni, mo, fe according to production requirements, wherein the Cr content exceeds 12wt%, and the Cr/C mass ratio is more than 4;
s2: smelting
Heating alloy components to below 1800 ℃ for smelting to obtain mixed melt;
s3: post-casting heat preservation treatment
Immediately casting after smelting, wherein the casting temperature is higher than 1200 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-15 h at 1000-500 ℃ after casting to form cast ingots, so that chromium diffusion is homogenized, and segregation is improved.
Cr/C is more than 4 when the alloy composition is selected, and eutectic carbide (Fe, cr) with high hardness is formed in the solidification process 7 C 3 The shape is substantially a bar, rod, or sheet structure.
Distribution of chromium in high chromium cast iron, chromium is mainly solid-dissolved in austenite and chromium carbides, and a small amount is distributed in the middle of other types of carbides and inclusions. When chromium element is solid-dissolved in the matrix, the stability of austenite is improved, and the continuous cooling curve is shifted rightward, so that the hardenability of the material can be enhanced. On the other hand, chromium is formed with carbon element (Cr, fe) 7 C 3 The carbide with high hardness enhances the hardness and wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron, and obtains better wear resistance.
Manganese is used as an alloy element and a normal-existence element, and has the effects of expanding an austenite phase region and reducing the transformation starting temperature of martensite. The method can increase the quantity of the primary austenite of the high-chromium cast iron and refine grains, so that the hardness and hardenability of the high-chromium cast iron material can be improved.
The silicon content in the high-chromium cast iron cannot be too high, and most of silicon element is dissolved in the matrix, so that the matrix has higher strengthening effect. During solidification of cast iron, silicon may accumulate at the grain boundaries of the eutectic carbide, changing the morphology of the eutectic carbide to some extent. As the content increases, the ferrite content of the matrix increases, increasing the soft phase required for the layered matrix of the present invention.
Nickel can be dissolved in a large amount in austenite, carbide in other forms is not easy to form, and the austenite is more stable under the combined action of nickel and chromium. And the hardenability of the high-chromium cast iron is improved, and the compactness of a matrix structure is enhanced.
A portion of the molybdenum can participate in carbide formation and another portion is solid-solubilized in the matrix. And the eutectoid transformation temperature of cast iron can be improved, austenite is strengthened, and the hardenability of high-chromium cast iron is improved. When molybdenum is combined with copper, nickel, chromium and other elements, the hardenability is greatly improved.
According to one embodiment of the preparation method of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting, in the step S3, after casting to form an ingot, the ingot is immediately placed into a box-type heat treatment furnace which is preheated in advance for heat preservation, so that the temperature of the ingot is prevented from being cooled to room temperature, and the duration of uniform diffusion of chromium is ensured. The solidified ingot should be kept at a certain temperature to homogenize the chromium diffusion as much as possible and improve the segregation.
According to one embodiment of the preparation method of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting, the ingot casting further comprises the following steps after the first heat preservation:
s4: heat treatment of
Cooling to the pearlitic temperature interval or the bainite temperature interval, and preserving heat for 1-15 h;
cooling to room temperature or directly entering the subsequent process;
heating to 1200-600 ℃, cooling to a bainite or lath martensite transformation temperature range, and preserving heat for 1-10 h;
cooling to room temperature or directly entering the subsequent process;
tempering after heating to 700-150 deg.c and maintaining for 1-10 hr.
And (3) rapidly cooling the sample after heat preservation or furnace cooling or air cooling to room temperature, and cooling to obtain the layered high-toughness high-chromium cast iron.
After quenching the ingot, the ingot is reduced to a bainite or lath martensite transformation temperature range, and a lamellar structure is obtained. Tempering is carried out to obtain sorbite or troostite or tempered martensite structure, and the toughness of the structure is improved.
According to one embodiment of the method for preparing the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting of the present invention, in the step S4, the cooling mode is furnace cooling or air cooling.
According to one embodiment of the method for producing a layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting according to the present invention, the alloy component is selected from the group consisting of:
a first group of chemical elements:
c:2.1 to 4.02 weight percent of Cr: 12-30wt%, mo:0.1 to 3.0wt percent, P is less than 0.2wt percent, S is less than 0.3wt percent, rare earth elements: 0 to 0.60 weight percent, and the balance being Fe; p, S is an unavoidable impurity;
one or more of the second group of chemical elements:
Si：0.1～3.0wt％，Mn：0.1～3.0wt％，Cu：0～1.4wt％，Ti：0～0.2wt％，V：0～6.0wt％、W：0～6.0wt％、Al：0～3.0wt％、Ni：0～3.0wt％、B：0～0.3wt％、Zn：0～0.3wt％、Nb：0～0.3wt％、Re：0～0.3wt％、Ca：0～0.3wt％、Sn：0～0.3wt％。
the rare earth has the functions of modifying inclusions, purifying molten iron and improving the interface condition of carbide and a matrix, can obviously improve the morphology and distribution of eutectic carbide, and obviously refine the matrix structure so as to increase crack initiation and expansion resistance.
The influence of boron on the hardness of the high-chromium cast iron is large, the hardness of carbide in the high-chromium cast iron can be improved, a harder compound is formed, the hardness of the matrix can be improved by dissolving the compound into the matrix, and the protection and supporting capabilities of the matrix on the carbide are greatly enhanced.
According to one embodiment of the method for preparing the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting, the rare earth elements comprise one or more of lanthanum, cerium, yttrium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium and terbium.
According to one embodiment of the method for preparing a layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting of the present invention, the first chemical element group includes:
c:2.4 to 4.0 weight percent of Cr: 14-25 wt%, mo:0.5wt%, P < 0.2wt%, S < 0.3wt%, la:0 to 0.60 weight percent, and the balance being Fe; p, S is an unavoidable impurity;
according to one embodiment of the method for producing a layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting according to the present invention, the alloy component is selected from the group consisting of:
one or more of the second group of chemical elements:
Si：0.13～2.0wt％，Mn：0.5～1.8wt％，Cu：0.2～1.0wt％，Ti：0.02wt％，V：0.1wt％、W：0～6.0wt％、Al：0～3.0wt％、Ni：0.1～0.54wt％、B：0～0.3wt％、Zn：0～0.3wt％、Nb：0～0.3wt％、Re：0～0.3wt％、Ca：0～0.3wt％、Sn：0～0.3wt％。
compared with the prior art, one of the technical schemes has the following advantages:
a) The invention relates to a preparation method of a layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting, which is used for obtaining required lath-shaped and rod-shaped structures (Cr, fe) through high-temperature solidification molding 7 C 3 High hardness carbide, cr 7 C 3 The hardness of carbide is about 2300HV, generally greater than that of martensite, and can ensure the high hardness of the obtained material. The high-chromium cast iron can obtain stable M when Cr/C is 4-8 7 C 3 Carbide. The carbide is increased, so that most of carbon exists in the carbide, a carbon-deficient area is generated around the carbide, an austenite matrix with low carbon content is formed, and the impact toughness of the material is improved; and the carbide content is increased, the distribution is uniform, the hardness of the material is improved, and the abrasion resistance is improved. The carbide is increased, the matrix is protected, and the probability of the abrasive particles contacting the matrix is reduced due to the reduction of the distance between the carbides, so that the abrasion loss of the matrix is reduced; when bearing low impact load, (Cr, fe) 7 C 3 The matrix plays a main role in resisting the abrasion process of impact abrasive particles and plays a main role in supporting carbide.
b) The heat preservation is carried out at a certain temperature after casting, so that the stress formed in the casting due to the fact that the surface cooling speed is high and the internal cooling speed is low of a large casting can be reduced, the cracks of the casting due to the internal stress are reduced, and the rejection rate of products is reduced.
c) The casting is subjected to secondary isothermal in the pearlite (P) region or the bainite (B) region, so as to prevent genetic genes of austenite occurring after quenching, and form a lath structure of P or B in advance.
d) The required lamellar bainite or lath martensite structure is obtained in the quenching stage, tempered sorbite or tempered troostite or tempered martensite structure is obtained in the tempering stage, and the obtained structure is matched according to the performance requirement of the product, so that the formed lamellar carbide and the two hard-phase structures of the liquid-crystalline carbon body are combined with the ferrite soft-phase lamellar structure, and the optimal performance is achieved. The layered high-toughness high-chromium cast iron has a layered hard phase with high hardness and a layered matrix phase with softer texture, and the layered hard phase and the soft phase are alternately combined, so that the impact toughness (more than 6J/cm) of the material is improved under the condition of ensuring high strength 2 ) The overall comprehensive performance is better, and the method can be better applied to industrial mass production.
e) The present invention forms hard phase and softer matrix structure of lath and chrysanthemum carbides. Mainly resistant to wear is M 7 C 3 And an isopoly carbide. In the prior art, the phenomenon that carbide is fragile and easy to break and fall off in the abrasion process is generated, the secondary hardening phenomenon is generated after tempering according to the process of the invention, secondary carbide can be separated out at the grain boundary of a matrix tissue, and in the abrasion process, granular secondary carbide is dispersed and distributed at the grain boundary of the matrix, so that the micro plastic deformation resistance of the matrix in the abrasion process is increased, the abrasion weight loss is reduced, and the integral hardness and the abrasion resistance of the material are not reduced but are improved to some extent due to the combination of the formed lamellar structure with alternating soft and hard phases.
f) The product prepared by the process has the advantages that the initial hardness is generally greater than 50HRC, the hardness is lower than that of the product prepared by the conventional process, but the impact toughness is obviously greater than that of the product prepared by the conventional process, the hardness of the product is improved in the subsequent use process, and the product has the characteristic of being harder when being used.
g) The product performance detection result shows that the hardness of the layered high-chromium cast iron product subjected to heat treatment is generally greater than 50HRC, carbides are uniformly distributed, the up-down deviation is less than or equal to 5HRC, and the cracking phenomenon does not occur.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of a layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting obtained by the method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description is of one embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting comprises the following steps:
selecting alloy components: 2.8wt% of C, 18.2wt% of Cr, 1.02wt% of Mn, 0.13wt% of Si, 0.5wt% of Mo, and Ni:0.54wt%, cu 0.2wt%, ti:0.02%, V:0.1%, the balance being Fe, unavoidable impurities.
And heating the alloy components to 1800 ℃ for smelting to obtain a mixed melt.
Casting after smelting, wherein the casting temperature is 1400 ℃, casting to form cast ingot, cooling to 960 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, cooling to 700 ℃ and preserving heat for 6h, and slowly cooling to room temperature.
Heating to 950 ℃ for quenching process, and preserving heat for 4 hours.
Cooling to 550 deg.c, maintaining for 8hr, and air cooling or furnace cooling to room temperature.
Then the temperature is raised to 450 ℃ for tempering and heat preservation for 6 hours.
And (3) carrying out air cooling or furnace cooling to room temperature after heat preservation to obtain the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting.
The hardness of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting product can reach 56.7HRC, the hardness of the product can reach 59.2HRC after one week of service, and the impact toughness is as follows: 8.3J/cm 2 . The metallographic structure diagram is shown in figure 1.
Example 2
The preparation method of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting comprises the following steps:
selecting alloy components: 2.9wt% of C, 15wt% of Cr, 1.8wt% of Mn, 1.45wt% of Si, 0.5wt% of Mo and Ni:0.5wt%, cu:1.0wt%, ti:0.02%, V:0.1%, the balance being Fe, unavoidable impurities.
And heating the alloy components to 1800 ℃ for smelting to obtain a mixed melt.
Casting after smelting, wherein the casting temperature is 1300 ℃, casting to form an ingot, cooling to 960 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, cooling to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature.
Heating to 900 ℃ for quenching process, and preserving heat for 5h.
Cooling to the bainite transformation temperature of 450 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, and air-cooling or furnace-cooling to room temperature.
After quenching, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ for tempering, and the heat preservation is carried out for 5 hours.
And (3) carrying out air cooling or furnace cooling to room temperature after heat preservation to obtain the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting.
The hardness of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting product can reach 55.4HRC, the hardness of the product can reach 58.66HRC after one week of service, and the impact toughness is as follows: 9.6J/cm 2 。
Example 3
The preparation method of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting comprises the following steps:
selecting alloy components: 2.4wt% of C, 20.42wt% of Cr, 0.8wt% of Mn, 1.95wt% of Si, 0.5wt% of Mo, and Ni:0.5wt%, cu 0.5wt%, ti:0.02%, V:0.1%, the balance being Fe, unavoidable impurities.
And heating the alloy components to 1800 ℃ for smelting to obtain a mixed melt.
Casting after smelting, wherein the casting temperature is 1300 ℃, casting to form cast ingot, cooling to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, cooling to 600 ℃ and preserving heat for 8 hours, and slowly cooling to room temperature.
Heating to 1000 ℃ for quenching process, and preserving heat for 3h.
Cooling to bainite transformation temperature 400 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, and air-cooling or furnace-cooling to room temperature.
After quenching, the temperature is raised to 350 ℃ for tempering, and the heat is preserved for 6 hours.
And (3) carrying out air cooling or furnace cooling to room temperature after heat preservation to obtain the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting.
The hardness of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting product can reach 53.2HRC, the hardness of the product can reach 57.3HRC after one week of service, and the impact toughness is as follows: 8.5J/cm 2 。
Example 4
The preparation method of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting comprises the following steps:
selecting alloy components: 2.8wt% of C, 14wt% of Cr, 1.5wt% of Mn, 2wt% of Si, 0.5wt% of Mo and Ni:0.1wt%, la:0.5wt%, cu:1.0wt%, ti:0.02%, V:0.1%, the balance being Fe, unavoidable impurities.
And heating the alloy components to 1700 ℃ for smelting to obtain a mixed melt.
Casting is carried out after smelting, the casting temperature is 1400 ℃, after casting forms cast ingot, the temperature is reduced to 750 ℃, after heat preservation is carried out for 8 hours, the cast ingot is slowly cooled to 300 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 8 hours.
Heating to 960 ℃ for quenching process, and preserving heat for 4 hours.
Cooling to 350 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, and directly entering a tempering process.
Tempering after heating to 450 ℃, and preserving heat for 6h.
And (3) carrying out air cooling or furnace cooling to room temperature after heat preservation to obtain the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting.
Layer of the present embodimentThe hardness of the high-toughness high-chromium cast iron product can reach 61.15HRC, the hardness of the product can reach 63.22HRC after one week of service, and the impact toughness is as follows: 7.52J/cm 2 。
Example 5
The preparation method of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting comprises the following steps:
selecting alloy components: c4..02 wt%, cr 25wt%, mn 0.5wt%, si 1wt%, mo 0.5wt%, ni:0.1wt%, cu:1.0wt%, ti:0.02%, V:0.1%, the balance being Fe, unavoidable impurities.
And heating the alloy components to 1800 ℃ for smelting to obtain a mixed melt.
Casting after smelting, wherein the casting temperature is 1400 ℃, casting to form cast ingot, cooling to 650 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, slowly cooling to 450 ℃, and preserving heat for 6 hours.
Heating to 980 ℃ for quenching process, preserving heat for 6 hours, then cooling to 200 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, and directly entering tempering process.
Tempering after heating to 300 ℃, and preserving heat for 6h.
And (3) carrying out air cooling or furnace cooling to room temperature after heat preservation to obtain the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting.
The hardness of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting product can reach 64.8HRC, the hardness of the product can reach 66.4HRC after one week of service, and the impact toughness is as follows: 6.89J/cm 2 。
It should be noted that, in the above examples, all the heat preservation time is determined according to the thickness of the product, and the thickness of the casting is greater than 25mm, and the heat preservation time is prolonged by one hour every 25mm of thickness of the casting.
Examples
The alloy components in any of examples 1 to 5 were replaced with the alloy components in any of examples 6 to 12 in table 1 below.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: weighing alloy components
Weighing chemical element groups including C, cr, mn, si, ni, mo, fe according to production requirements, wherein the Cr content exceeds 12wt%, and the Cr/C mass ratio is more than 4;
s2: smelting
Heating alloy components to below 1800 ℃ for smelting to obtain mixed melt;
s3: post-casting heat preservation treatment
Immediately casting after smelting, wherein the casting temperature is higher than 1200 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-15 h at 1000-500 ℃ after casting to form cast ingots, so that chromium diffusion is homogenized, and segregation is improved.
2. The method for preparing a layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, after casting to form an ingot, the ingot is immediately placed into a box-type heat treatment furnace preheated in advance for heat preservation, so that the temperature of the ingot is prevented from being cooled to room temperature, and the duration of uniform diffusion of chromium is ensured.
3. The method for preparing a layered high-toughness high-chromium iron casting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ingot after the first heat preservation further comprises the steps of:
s4: heat treatment of
Cooling to the pearlitic temperature interval or the bainite temperature interval, and preserving heat for 1-15 h;
cooling to room temperature or directly entering the subsequent process;
heating to 1200-600 ℃, cooling to a bainite or lath martensite transformation temperature range, and preserving heat for 1-10 h;
cooling to room temperature or directly entering the subsequent process;
tempering after heating to 700-150 deg.c and maintaining for 1-10 hr.
4. The method for producing a layered high-toughness high-chromium cast iron according to claim 2, wherein in step S4, the cooling means is furnace cooling or air cooling.
5. The method of making a layered high-toughness high-chromium cast iron according to claim 1, wherein said alloy composition is selected from the group consisting of:
a first group of chemical elements:
c:2.1 to 4.02 weight percent of Cr: 12-30wt%, mo:0.1 to 3.0wt percent, P is less than 0.2wt percent, S is less than 0.3wt percent, rare earth elements: 0 to 0.60 weight percent, and the balance being Fe; p, S is an unavoidable impurity;
one or more of the second group of chemical elements:
Si：0.1～3.0wt％，Mn：0.1～3.0wt％，Cu：0～1.4wt％，Ti：0～0.2wt％，V：0～6.0wt％、W：0～6.0wt％、Al：0～3.0wt％、Ni：0～3.0wt％、B：0～0.3wt％、Zn：0～0.3wt％、Nb：0～0.3wt％、Re：0～0.3wt％、Ca：0～0.3wt％、Sn：0～0.3wt％。
6. the method of claim 5, wherein the rare earth elements include one or more of lanthanum, cerium, yttrium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, terbium.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the first set of chemical elements comprises:
c:2.4 to 4.0 weight percent of Cr: 14-25 wt%, mo:0.5wt%, P < 0.2wt%, S < 0.3wt%, la:0 to 0.60 weight percent, and the balance being Fe; p, S is an unavoidable impurity.
8. The method of making a layered high-toughness high-chromium cast iron according to claim 5, wherein said alloy composition is selected from the group consisting of: one or more of the second group of chemical elements:
Si：0.13～2.0wt％，Mn：0.5～1.8wt％，Cu：0.2～1.0wt％，Ti：0.02wt％，V：0.1wt％、W：0～6.0wt％、Al：0～3.0wt％、Ni：0.1～0.54wt％、B：0～0.3wt％、Zn：0～0.3wt％、Nb：0～0.3wt％、Re：0～0.3wt％、Ca：0～0.3wt％、Sn：0～0.3wt％。
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