CN116479300A - 3D printing method of high-strength high-toughness tungsten alloy member and tungsten alloy member - Google Patents
3D printing method of high-strength high-toughness tungsten alloy member and tungsten alloy member Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OWUGOENUEKACGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Ni].[W] Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni].[W] OWUGOENUEKACGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/20—Refractory metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a 3D printing method of a high-strength high-toughness tungsten alloy member, which comprises the following steps: preparing raw material mixed powder; slicing the three-dimensional model of the tungsten alloy component to be formed, setting a preset slice thickness, planning a scanning path and setting a preset deflection angle; setting laser selective melting process parameters, protecting argon in a forming cavity, and preheating a substrate; uniformly paving a layer of raw material mixed powder with the thickness of preset powder on a substrate, melting the raw material mixed powder by adopting a laser beam according to a slice shape and a scanning path, overlapping the raw material mixed powder layer by layer until the tungsten alloy component is completely molded, performing heat treatment, heat preservation and cooling on the tungsten alloy component obtained by printing to obtain a tungsten alloy component finished product; the method for preparing the tungsten alloy member rapidly has high precision, and the obtained tungsten alloy member has higher strength and better toughness, and is suitable for preparing the pre-control fragments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tungsten alloy member preparation, in particular to a 3D printing method of a high-strength high-toughness tungsten alloy member and the tungsten alloy member.
Background
The warhead is the final damage unit for various ammunition and missile damage targets, and mainly comprises a shell, a warhead charge, a detonation device and a safety device. The warhead can be divided into three types of natural, precontrolled and prefabricated fragment warheads according to the generation way of the fragments. Natural fragments are formed by expanding, breaking and crushing shells under the action of detonation products, and the fragments are uneven and irregular in shape, so that the speed of the fragments decays quickly in the air in flight, the effective killing range of the grenade is limited, and therefore, the warhead is rarely used. And in order to obtain more effective killing fragments, most of special pre-control or prefabricated fragment warheads are adopted.
The pre-control fragment is also called a semi-pre-control fragment, and the shell is controlled or guided to be broken through special technical measures, so that the size of the formed fragment is controlled. The common pre-control technology is a shell grooving, charging surface grooving and circular ring superposition spot welding method. The casing is mechanically processed into a plurality of grooves to form concentrated grooves, the casing is broken into uniform fragments according to preset, the grooves are in the form of V-shaped cuts, saw-tooth shapes and rectangular shapes, the cuts can be arranged on the inner side or the inner side and the outer side of the casing, and when the initial speed of larger fragments is reached, a large number of fragments tend to be the optimal fragment size, so that the space-explosion and near-explosion killing power is increased, and the method has important military application value. However, the depth and shape of the notch in the machining mode are required by the shape and the size of the prop, the machining difficulty is high, and particularly for the thin-wall high-order curved surface type warhead, the common machining mode cannot be used for integral machining at all, so that the machining is carried out in a mode of circular ring superposition spot welding. Because the number of the broken pieces of the warhead is large, if the warhead with a high-order curved surface is processed by adopting a circular ring overlapping spot welding mode, the processing efficiency is low, the manufacturing is difficult, and the processing precision is low.
Therefore, how to improve the processing precision and the processing efficiency of the pre-control fragment of the warhead is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a 3D printing method of a high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy member, which adopts 3D printing in combination with subsequent heat treatment to prepare the high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy member, so that the obtained tungsten alloy member has stronger toughness and strength.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
a method of 3D printing of a high strength, high toughness tungsten alloy component, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing raw material mixed powder, wherein the alloy mixed powder comprises 5-20% of high-temperature alloy powder and 80-95% of tungsten particles by mass percent;
s2, slicing a three-dimensional model of a tungsten alloy member to be formed, setting a preset slice thickness, planning a scanning path of the tungsten alloy member, and setting a preset deflection angle in a layer-by-layer scanning chamber;
s3, setting laser selective melting process parameters, protecting argon in a forming chamber, controlling the oxygen content in the forming chamber to be lower than 100ppm and the pressure to be maintained at 10-40mbar, and simultaneously preheating a substrate;
s4, uniformly paving a layer of raw material mixed powder with the thickness of preset powder on the substrate, melting the raw material mixed powder by adopting a laser beam according to a slice shape and a scanning path, and stacking layer by layer until the printing state member is completely formed, and placing the printing state member in a forming cavity after printing is completed;
s5, taking out the tungsten alloy member to perform heat treatment, preserving heat and cooling to obtain a tungsten alloy member finished product;
the step S5 specifically includes: performing heat treatment at 1250-1450 deg.C and 150-200MPa for 120-240min; then cooling to room temperature for 40-80 min;
the superalloy is a nickel-based superalloy and/or an iron-based superalloy.
In some embodiments, the nickel-base superalloy comprises, in mass percent: cr:16% -18.5%, co:19% -20.5%, mo:1% -3%, W:2% -4%, al:1 to 2.5 percent of Ti:1% -2.5%, nb:0.5 to 2.5 percent, ta:0% -1.8%, C:0.01% -0.1%, B:0.001% -0.01%, zr: less than or equal to 1 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, O: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, and the balance of Ni.
In some embodiments, the nickel-base superalloy comprises, in mass percent: cr:17.04%, co:19.01%, mo:1.77%, W:2.50%, al:1.50%, ti:1.68%, nb:1.27%, ta:1.41%, C:0.016%, B:0.00435%, zr:0.00308%, N:0.0058%, O:0.011%, the balance being Ni.
In some embodiments, the iron-based superalloy comprises, in mass percent, co:13-14%, ni:11-12%, cr:2.9-3.3%, mo:1.1-1.3%, C:0.21-0.25%, si: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.005%, less than or equal to 0.008% of P, less than or equal to 0.01% of S+P, less than or equal to 0.015% of Al, less than or equal to 0.015% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.002% of O, less than or equal to 0.0015% of N, and the balance of iron.
In some embodiments, the iron-based superalloy comprises, in mass percent, co:13.54%, ni:11.49%, cr:3.16%, mo:1.18%, C:0.236%, si:0.063%, mn:0.052%, S:0.0041%, P:0.0027%, al:0.0121%, ti:0.005%, O:0.0008%, N:0.00139% and the balance being iron.
In some embodiments, in step S1, the raw material mixed powder has a particle size of 20-40 μm and a flowability of 30S/50g or less.
In some embodiments, in step S2, the preset slice thickness is 15-30 μm; and/or the scanning path adopts a nine-grid mode to scan in a partitioned mode, and the area size is 4mm multiplied by 4mm; and/or, the preset deflection angle is 36-40 ℃.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the laser selective melting process parameters are: the laser power of the scanning entity is 250-400W, the laser power of the scanning contour is 150-200W, the laser power of the supporting is 250-400W, the spot diameter is 50-100pm, the entity scanning speed is 1500-3000mm/s, the contour scanning speed is 300-500mm/s, the supporting scanning speed is 1500-3000mm/s, the scanning lap joint rate is 0.06-0.08, and the substrate preheating temperature is 500-800 ℃.
In some embodiments, in step S4, the preset powder thickness is 10-30 μm, and the powder supply amount is set to 2-3 times the powder laying thickness.
The invention also provides a tungsten alloy component obtained by the method of any embodiment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the tungsten alloy component is prepared from the raw material mixed powder by a 3D printing method, and then the tungsten alloy component with high strength and high toughness is prepared by combining a specific heat treatment process. The tungsten alloy member obtained by the method has high tensile strength (more than 1350 MPa), better toughness, strong penetrability and strong killing power, and plays an important role in military.
The method effectively solves the problems of low processing precision or low processing efficiency of the preparation of the pre-control fragment in the prior art, improves the processing precision and the processing efficiency of the tungsten alloy component, can be used for preparing the pre-control fragment, effectively improves the toughness and the strength of the pre-control fragment, and ensures that the pre-control fragment has stronger penetrability and killing power.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Tungsten particles used in the embodiment of the invention have tungsten content more than or equal to 95wt%, and spherical or nearly spherical particles with average particle diameter of 20-40 μm; the superalloy powders used, with average particle diameters of 15-30 μm, are commercially available, unless otherwise specified
Example 1
The preparation of tungsten particles comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing raw materials: the mass ratio of the tungsten powder to the nickel powder to the iron powder is 90:7:3, weighing tungsten powder, nickel powder and iron powder, adding the tungsten powder, the nickel powder and the iron powder into a ball mill, mixing for 6 hours, and then using a full-automatic powder forming machine to finish compression molding to obtain a pressed blank;
(2) Presintering: presintering the pressed blank, wherein the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 120min;
(3) Sintering: sintering under vacuum atmosphere at 1500 deg.c for 210min, and naturally cooling to obtain W-Ni-Fe alloy;
(4) Preparation of alloy powder: adopting a plasma rotary electrode atomization powder preparation technology (PREP) to enable the W-Ni-Fe alloy to be changed into dispersed alloy powder with the particle size of 30-60 mu m;
(5) And (3) filtering: placing tungsten alloy powder into a crucible device, heating to 1700 ℃, then preserving heat and standing for 120min, filtering molten ferronickel binding phase from meshes, and keeping tungsten particles on the meshes; the crucible device used for heating and filtering in the embodiment comprises a first crucible made of zirconia material and a second crucible made of alumina material, wherein the first crucible is sleeved in the second crucible, a through hole with the diameter of 50-100 mu m is arranged at the bottom of the first crucible, a tungsten screen with the mesh number of 200 meshes is paved at the bottom of the first crucible, and support columns are arranged at the outer edge of the bottom surface of the first crucible; heating to a melting temperature and standing, and flowing out a melted nickel-iron binding phase from mesh holes and through holes of a mesh screen into a second crucible, wherein tungsten particles remain on a tungsten screen to finish filtration, so that the separation of the tungsten particles and the binding phase nickel-iron is realized;
(6) Crushing and grading: after cooling, taking out particles on the tungsten screen, namely pure tungsten particles or tungsten-nickel-iron alloy particles with extremely low nickel-iron content (less than 1 percent); then, the particles on the mesh screen are added into a ball mill, ball milling and crushing are carried out for 5 hours by using zirconia ball milling beads, and the ball-to-material ratio is 1:1, a step of; then screening and classifying by using a vibrating screen to obtain tungsten particles with average particle diameter of 20-40 mu m.
Preparing nickel-base superalloy powder: the nickel-based superalloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: cr:17.04%, co:19.01%, mo:1.77%, W:2.50%, al:1.50%, ti:1.68%, nb:1.27%, ta:1.41%, C:0.016%, B:0.00435%, zr:0.00308%, N:0.0058%, O:0.011%, the balance being Ni; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
preparing a nickel-based superalloy bar according to a traditional metallurgical method, and then pulverizing by a plasma rotary electrode technology (PREP) to obtain nickel-based superalloy powder with high sphericity and average particle size of 15-30 mu m;
as shown in fig. 1, a 3D printing method of a high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy member includes the steps of:
(1) Mixing raw materials: adding tungsten particles and nickel-based superalloy powder into a ball mill, and mixing for 6 hours, wherein the mass percentage content of tungsten powder in the mixed powder is 90%; the content of the nickel-based superalloy powder is 10%;
(2) Slicing the three-dimensional model of the tungsten alloy component to be formed, wherein the preset slice thickness is 15 mu m; the scanning path adopts a nine-grid mode for partitioned scanning, and the area size is 4mm multiplied by 4mm; the preset deflection angle is 40 degrees;
(3) Setting laser selective melting process parameters, protecting argon in a forming chamber, controlling the oxygen content in the forming chamber to be lower than 100ppm and maintaining the pressure at 10-40mbar; scanning the entity at a laser power of 400W, scanning the outline at a laser power of 200W, supporting the laser power of 300W, a spot diameter of 50pm, a entity scanning speed of 1500mm/s, a outline scanning speed of 300mm/s, a supporting scanning speed of 2000mm/s, a scanning overlap ratio of 0.06 and a substrate preheating temperature of 700 ℃;
(4) Starting printing, uniformly paving a layer of raw material mixed powder with the thickness of 30 mu m on a substrate, rapidly melting the powder by adopting a laser beam according to a slice shape and a scanning path, setting the powder supply amount to be 3 times of the powder paving thickness, stacking the powder layer by layer until a printing state component is completely molded, and placing the printing state component in a molding cavity for 3 hours after printing is finished;
(5) And taking out the printing-state member to perform heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment process is to keep the temperature at 1300 ℃ and the pressure at 170MPa for 180min, and then cool the temperature to room temperature for 60min to obtain a tungsten alloy member finished product.
Through detection, the density of the finished tungsten alloy member obtained by the embodiment reaches 99.6%, the tensile strength can reach 1452MPa, and the impact toughness is 94 J.cm -2 。
Example 2
The tungsten powder and the superalloy powder used in this example were the powders produced in example 1.
As shown in fig. 1, a 3D printing method of a high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy member includes the steps of:
(1) Mixing raw materials: adding tungsten particles and nickel-based superalloy powder into a ball mill, and mixing for 6 hours, wherein the mass percentage content of tungsten powder in the mixed powder is 90%; the content of the nickel-based superalloy powder is 10%;
(2) Slicing the three-dimensional model of the tungsten alloy component to be formed, wherein the preset slice thickness is 15 mu m; the scanning path adopts a nine-grid mode for partitioned scanning, and the area size is 4mm multiplied by 4mm; the preset deflection angle is 40 degrees;
(3) Setting laser selective melting process parameters, protecting argon in a forming chamber, controlling the oxygen content in the forming chamber to be lower than 100ppm, maintaining the pressure at 10 < -40 > mbar, scanning the laser power of a solid to be 300W, scanning the laser power of a profile to be 150W, supporting the laser power to be 300W, the spot diameter to be 50pm, the solid scanning speed to be 2000mm/s, the profile scanning speed to be 350mm/s, the supporting scanning speed to be 2000mm/s, the scanning lap ratio to be 0.06, and the substrate preheating temperature to be 600 ℃;
scanning the entity at the laser power of 350W, the laser power of scanning the outline at 200W, the supported laser power at 300W, the spot diameter at 50pm, the entity scanning speed at 1500mm/s, the outline scanning speed at 300mm/s, the support scanning speed at 2000mm/s, the scanning overlap ratio at 0.06, and the substrate preheating temperature at 700 ℃;
(4) Starting printing, uniformly paving a layer of raw material mixed powder with the thickness of 30 mu m on a substrate, rapidly melting the powder by adopting a laser beam according to a slice shape and a scanning path, setting the powder supply amount to be 2 times of the powder paving thickness, overlapping layer by layer until a printing state component is completely formed, and placing the printing state component in a forming cavity for 3 hours after printing is finished;
(5) And taking out the printing-state member to perform heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment process is to keep the temperature at 1250 ℃ and the pressure at 150MPa for 120min, and then cool the temperature to room temperature for 60min to obtain a tungsten alloy member finished product.
Through detection, the density of the finished tungsten alloy member obtained by the embodiment reaches 98.2%, the tensile strength is 1374MPa, and the impact toughness is 89 J.cm -2 。
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, a 3D printing method of a high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy member includes the steps of:
(1) Mixing raw materials: adding tungsten particles and nickel-based superalloy powder into a ball mill, and mixing for 6 hours, wherein the mass percentage content of tungsten powder in the mixed powder is 90%; the content of the nickel-based superalloy powder is 10%;
(2) Slicing the three-dimensional model of the tungsten alloy component to be formed, wherein the preset slice thickness is 15 mu m; the scanning path adopts a nine-grid mode for partitioned scanning, and the area size is 4mm multiplied by 4mm; the preset deflection angle is 40 degrees;
(3) Setting laser selective melting process parameters, protecting argon in a forming chamber, controlling the oxygen content in the forming chamber to be lower than 100ppm and maintaining the pressure at 10-40mbar; scanning the entity at a laser power of 400W, scanning the outline at a laser power of 200W, supporting the laser power of 300W, a spot diameter of 50pm, a entity scanning speed of 1500mm/s, a outline scanning speed of 300mm/s, a supporting scanning speed of 2000mm/s, a scanning overlap ratio of 0.06 and a substrate preheating temperature of 700 ℃;
(4) Starting printing, uniformly paving a layer of raw material mixed powder with the thickness of 30 mu m on a substrate, rapidly melting the powder by adopting a laser beam according to a slice shape and a scanning path, setting the powder supply amount to be 3 times of the powder paving thickness, stacking the powder layer by layer until a printing state component is completely molded, and placing the printing state component in a molding cavity for 3 hours after printing is finished;
(5) And taking out the printing-state member to perform heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment process is to keep the temperature at 1250 ℃ and the pressure at 150MPa for 120min, and then cool the temperature to room temperature for 60min to obtain a tungsten alloy member finished product.
Through detection, the density of the finished tungsten alloy component obtained in the embodiment reaches 99.6%, the tensile strength is 1402MPa, and the impact toughness is 90 J.cm -2 。
Example 4
The tungsten particles used in this example were the tungsten particles produced in the method of example 1;
the superalloy powder used in this example is an iron-based alloy powder comprising, in mass percent: co:13.54%, ni:11.49%, cr:3.16%, mo:1.18%, C:0.236%, si:0.063%, mn:0.052%, S:0.0041%, P:0.0027%, al:0.0121%, ti:0.005%, O:0.0008%, N:0.00139% and the balance of iron;
the iron-based alloy was made into an iron-based alloy powder by the method of example 1.
As shown in fig. 1, a 3D printing method of a high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy member includes the steps of:
(1) Mixing raw materials: adding coarse-particle tungsten powder and nickel-based superalloy powder into a ball mill, and mixing for 6 hours, wherein the mass percentage content of the tungsten powder in the mixed powder is 90%; the content of the nickel-based superalloy powder is 10%;
(2) Slicing the three-dimensional model of the tungsten alloy component to be formed, wherein the preset slice thickness is 15 mu m; the scanning path adopts a nine-grid mode for partitioned scanning, and the area size is 4mm or 4mm; the preset deflection angle is 40 degrees;
(3) Setting laser selective melting process parameters, protecting argon in a forming chamber, controlling the oxygen content in the forming chamber to be lower than 100ppm and maintaining the pressure at 10-40mbar; scanning the entity at a laser power of 400W, scanning the outline at a laser power of 200W, supporting the laser power of 300W, a spot diameter of 50pm, a entity scanning speed of 1500mm/s, a outline scanning speed of 300mm/s, a supporting scanning speed of 2000mm/s, a scanning overlap ratio of 0.06 and a substrate preheating temperature of 700 ℃;
(4) Starting printing, uniformly paving a layer of raw material mixed powder with the thickness of 30 mu m on a substrate, rapidly melting the powder by adopting a laser beam according to a slice shape and a scanning path, setting the powder supply amount to be 3 times of the powder paving thickness, stacking the powder layer by layer until a printing state component is completely molded, and placing the printing state component in a molding cavity for 3 hours after printing is finished;
(5) Taking out the printing-state member to perform heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: and (3) preserving heat for 180min at 1300 ℃ and 170MPa, and then cooling to room temperature for 60min to obtain a finished tungsten alloy component.
Through detection, the density of the finished tungsten alloy member obtained by the embodiment can reach 99.7%, the tensile strength can reach 1592MPa, and the impact toughness is 96 J.cm -2 。
Example 5
As shown in fig. 1, a 3D printing method of a high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy member includes the steps of:
(1) Mixing raw materials: adding coarse-particle tungsten powder and nickel-based superalloy powder into a ball mill, and mixing for 6 hours, wherein the mass percentage content of the tungsten powder in the mixed powder is 90%; the content of the nickel-based superalloy powder is 10%;
(2) Slicing the three-dimensional model of the tungsten alloy component to be formed, wherein the preset slice thickness is 15 mu m; the scanning path adopts a nine-grid mode for partitioned scanning, and the area size is 4mm or 4mm; the preset deflection angle is 40 degrees;
(3) Setting laser selective melting process parameters, protecting argon in a forming chamber, controlling the oxygen content in the forming chamber to be lower than 100ppm and maintaining the pressure at 10-40mbar; scanning the solid laser power 300W, the scanning outline laser power 150W, the supported laser power 300W, the spot diameter 50pm, the solid scanning speed 2000mm/s, the outline scanning speed 350mm/s, the supporting scanning speed 2000mm/s, the scanning overlap ratio 0.06, and the substrate preheating temperature 600 ℃;
scanning the entity at the laser power of 350W, the laser power of scanning the outline at 200W, the supported laser power at 300W, the spot diameter at 50pm, the entity scanning speed at 1500mm/s, the outline scanning speed at 300mm/s, the support scanning speed at 2000mm/s, the scanning overlap ratio at 0.06, and the substrate preheating temperature at 700 ℃;
(4) Starting printing, uniformly paving a layer of raw material mixed powder with the thickness of 30 mu m on a substrate, rapidly melting the powder by adopting a laser beam according to a slice shape and a scanning path, setting the powder supply amount to be 2 times of the powder paving thickness, overlapping layer by layer until a printing state component is completely formed, and placing the printing state component in a forming cavity for 3 hours after printing is finished;
(5) Taking out the printing-state member to perform heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 120min at 1250 ℃ and 150MPa, and then cooling to room temperature for 60min to obtain a finished tungsten alloy component.
Through detection, the density of the finished tungsten alloy member obtained by the embodiment reaches 98.2%, the tensile strength reaches 1534MPa, and the impact toughness is 96 J.cm -2 。
Example 6
The tungsten powder used in this example was the powder produced in example 1; the superalloy powder was the iron-based alloy powder produced in example 4.
As shown in fig. 1, a 3D printing method of a high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy member includes the steps of:
(1) Mixing raw materials: adding coarse-particle tungsten powder and nickel-based superalloy powder into a ball mill, and mixing for 6 hours, wherein the mass percentage content of the tungsten powder in the mixed powder is 90%; the content of the nickel-based superalloy powder is 10%;
(2) Slicing the three-dimensional model of the tungsten alloy component to be formed, wherein the preset slice thickness is 15 mu m; the scanning path adopts a nine-grid mode for partitioned scanning, and the area size is 4mm or 4mm; the preset deflection angle is 40 degrees;
(3) Setting laser selective melting process parameters, protecting argon in a forming chamber, controlling the oxygen content in the forming chamber to be lower than 100ppm and maintaining the pressure at 10-40mbar; scanning the entity at a laser power of 400W, scanning the outline at a laser power of 200W, supporting the laser power of 300W, a spot diameter of 50pm, a entity scanning speed of 1500mm/s, a outline scanning speed of 300mm/s, a supporting scanning speed of 2000mm/s, a scanning overlap ratio of 0.06 and a substrate preheating temperature of 700 ℃;
(4) Starting printing, uniformly paving a layer of raw material mixed powder with the thickness of 30 mu m on a substrate, rapidly melting the powder by adopting a laser beam according to a slice shape and a scanning path, setting the powder supply amount to be 3 times of the powder paving thickness, stacking the powder layer by layer until a printing state component is completely molded, and placing the printing state component in a molding cavity for 3 hours after printing is finished;
(5) Taking out the printing-state member to perform heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 120min at 1250 ℃ and 150MPa, and then cooling to room temperature for 60min to obtain a finished tungsten alloy component.
Through detection, the density of the tungsten alloy member obtained in the embodiment reaches 99.6%, the tensile strength reaches 1562MP, and the impact toughness is 98 J.cm -2 。
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of 3D printing of a high strength, high toughness tungsten alloy component, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing raw material mixed powder, wherein the alloy mixed powder comprises 5-20% of high-temperature alloy powder and 80-95% of tungsten particles by mass percent;
s2, slicing a three-dimensional model of a tungsten alloy member to be formed, setting a preset slice thickness, planning a scanning path of the tungsten alloy member, and setting a preset deflection angle in a layer-by-layer scanning chamber;
s3, setting laser selective melting process parameters, protecting argon in a forming chamber, controlling the oxygen content in the forming chamber to be lower than 100ppm and the pressure to be maintained at 10-40mbar, and simultaneously preheating a substrate;
s4, uniformly paving a layer of raw material mixed powder with the thickness of preset powder on the substrate, melting the raw material mixed powder by adopting a laser beam according to a slice shape and a scanning path, and stacking layer by layer until the printing state member is completely formed, and placing the printing state member in a forming cavity after printing is completed;
s5, taking out the printing-state member for heat treatment, preserving heat and cooling to obtain a tungsten alloy member finished product;
the step S5 specifically includes: performing heat treatment at 1250-1450 deg.C and 150-200MPa for 120-240min; then cooling to room temperature for 40-80 min;
the superalloy is a nickel-based superalloy and/or an iron-based superalloy.
2. The method of 3D printing of a high strength, high toughness tungsten alloy component according to claim 1, wherein the nickel-based superalloy comprises, in mass percent: cr:16% -18.5%, co:19% -20.5%, mo:1% -3%, W:2% -4%, al:1 to 2.5 percent of Ti:1% -2.5%, nb:0.5 to 2.5 percent, ta:0% -1.8%, C:0.01% -0.1%, B:0.001% -0.01%, zr: less than or equal to 1 percent, N: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, O: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, and the balance of Ni.
3. The method of 3D printing of a high strength, high toughness tungsten alloy component according to claim 2, wherein the nickel-based superalloy comprises, in mass percent: cr:17.04%, co:19.01%, mo:1.77%, W:2.50%, al:1.50%, ti:1.68%, nb:1.27%, ta:1.41%, C:0.016%, B:0.00435%, zr:0.00308%, N:0.0058%, O:0.011%, the balance being Ni.
4. The 3D printing method of a high strength and high toughness tungsten alloy component according to claim 1, wherein the iron-based superalloy comprises, in mass percent, co:13-14%, ni:11-12%, cr:2.9-3.3%, mo:1.1-1.3%, C:0.21-0.25%, si: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.005%, less than or equal to 0.008% of P, less than or equal to 0.01% of S+P, less than or equal to 0.015% of Al, less than or equal to 0.015% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.002% of O, less than or equal to 0.0015% of N, and the balance of iron.
5. The 3D printing method of a high strength and high toughness tungsten alloy component according to claim 1, wherein the iron-based superalloy comprises, in mass percent, co:13.54%, ni:11.49%, cr:3.16%, mo:1.18%, C:0.236%, si:0.063%, mn:0.052%, S:0.0041%, P:0.0027%, al:0.0121%, ti:0.005%, O:0.0008%, N:0.00139% and the balance being iron.
6. The 3D printing method of a high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy component according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the particle size of the raw material mixed powder is 20-40 μm, and the fluidity is less than or equal to 30S/50g.
7. The 3D printing method of a high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy member according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the preset slice thickness is 15-30 μm; and/or the scanning path adopts a nine-grid mode to scan in a partitioned mode, and the area size is 4mm multiplied by 4mm; and/or, the preset deflection angle is 36-40 ℃.
8. The 3D printing method of a high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy component according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the laser selective melting process parameters are: the laser power of the scanning entity is 250-400W, the laser power of the scanning contour is 150-200W, the laser power of the supporting is 250-400W, the spot diameter is 50-100pm, the entity scanning speed is 1500-3000mm/s, the contour scanning speed is 300-500mm/s, the supporting scanning speed is 1500-3000mm/s, the scanning lap joint rate is 0.06-0.08, and the substrate preheating temperature is 500-800 ℃.
9. The 3D printing method of a high-strength and high-toughness tungsten alloy component according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the preset powder thickness is 10-30 μm, and the powder supply amount is set to 2-3 times the powder laying thickness.
10. A tungsten alloy component obtainable by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN117600494B (en) * | 2024-01-24 | 2024-04-02 | 安庆瑞迈特科技有限公司 | Printing method for improving corrosion resistance and strength of 3D printing collimator |
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