CN116474887A

CN116474887A - Single-section impact crusher for medium hard rock and working method

Info

Publication number: CN116474887A
Application number: CN202310531404.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王平; 廖正光
Original assignee: Sinoma Tianjin Powder Technology & Equipment Co ltd; Tianjin Cement Industry Design and Research Institute Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sinoma Tianjin Powder Technology & Equipment Co ltd; Tianjin Cement Industry Design and Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-05-10
Filing date: 2023-05-10
Publication date: 2023-07-25

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crushers, in particular to a single-section impact crusher for medium hard rock and a working method. The crusher comprises a shell, a rotor part, a bearing part, a counterattack part, an equalizing plate part and a driving part; the rotor comprises a rotor main shaft, a rotor body and a plate hammer; the rotor body comprises a central sleeve sleeved on the rotor main shaft and a plurality of disc bodies uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the sleeve, a plurality of slide ways parallel to the axial direction of the sleeve are uniformly arranged on the disc bodies along the circumferential direction, and a plate hammer is arranged in each slide way; the impact part comprises a first impact plate part and a second impact plate part; the first impact plate part comprises a three-section impact plate body arranged in the anticlockwise direction, and the second impact plate part comprises a two-section impact plate body arranged in the anticlockwise direction. The single-section impact crusher has larger crushing force, better crushing capacity and discharging grain size than those of a single Duan Chui crusher, and higher size and throughput of the maximum crushed material than those of a medium crushing impact crusher.

Description

Single-section impact crusher for medium hard rock and working method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crushers, and particularly relates to a single-section impact crusher for medium hard rock and a working method thereof.

Background

In the middle-hard rock category of the machine-made sandstone aggregate industry, the first section crusher needs to have the characteristics of large adaptive feeding granularity, large passing capacity, large crushing ratio and good discharging granularity, and the single-section impact crusher (the impact crusher is divided into a single-section type, a medium-crushing type and a fine crushing type according to the size of the feeding granularity and the discharging granularity) meeting the working conditions is provided, but the related crusher in the domestic field does not have the characteristics, and mainly uses a single-section hammer crusher (one of the single-section impact crushers) as the first section crusher, but has poor discharging granularity, higher needle slice degree and weak capability of striking harder materials; the impact crusher has strong material beating capability and good material discharging particle shape, but the impact crusher (in a medium crushing form) on the market has smaller adaptable feeding granularity, small passing capability, small crushing ratio and single thin structure, and is not suitable for one-stage crushing. In view of the above, the industry needs a novel single-section impact crusher, and has the characteristics of large feeding grain size, large passing capacity, large crushing ratio and good discharging grain size due to the mechanical adaptation of the two types. For this purpose, single-stage impact crushers have been developed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the basic conception of the technical scheme that:

the invention discloses a single-section impact crusher for medium hard rock, which comprises a shell, a rotor part, a bearing part, an impact part, an equalizing plate part and a driving part, wherein the rotor part is arranged on the shell; the shell is used for connecting and supporting the rotor part, the bearing part, the impact part and the leveling plate part and sealing the components in the crushing cavity; the driving part is used for driving the rotor part to rotate;

the rotor comprises a rotor main shaft, a rotor body and a plate hammer; the rotor body comprises a central sleeve sleeved on the rotor main shaft and a plurality of disc bodies uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the sleeve, a plurality of slide ways parallel to the axial direction of the sleeve are uniformly arranged on the disc bodies along the circumferential direction, and a plate hammer is arranged in each slide way; the impact part comprises a first impact plate part and a second impact plate part; the first impact plate part comprises a three-section impact plate body arranged in the anticlockwise direction, and the second impact plate part comprises a two-section impact plate body arranged in the anticlockwise direction.

As an optimal technical scheme, a feeding chute is arranged at a feeding hole of the crushing cavity, the included angle alpha between a discharging point of the feeding chute and a horizontal line of the rotor body is 25-35 degrees, and the included angle beta between the feeding chute and the horizontal line is 50-60 degrees;

the included angle gamma between the connecting line of the discharge point of the first reaction plate part and the center of the rotor body and the vertical line of the rotor is 15-19 degrees, the included angle delta between the lower folding line of the first reaction plate part and the vertical line of the rotor body is 15-20 degrees, and the included angles between the three folding lines of the first reaction plate part are epsilon=143-155 degrees;

the included angle zeta=55-65 DEG between the connecting line of the discharging point of the second impact plate part and the center of the rotor body and the vertical line of the rotor, the broken line of the lower part of the second impact plate part is perpendicular to the tangent line of the outer circle of the rotor at the lower edge of the first impact plate, and the included angle eta=130 DEG between the broken lines of the two sections of the second impact plate part;

and the included angle theta between the connecting line of the feeding point of the leveling plate part and the center of the rotor and the horizontal line of the rotor body is 2-5 degrees, and the included angle phi between the connecting line of the feeding point and the discharging point of the leveling plate part and the center of the rotor body is 40-60 degrees.

As a preferable technical scheme, the interval h1=discharge granularity between the lower edge of the first impact plate body and the outer circle of the rotor;

the distance H2 = 1.2 between the lower edge of the second counterattack plate frame and the outer circle of the rotor;

the distance H3 between the upper edge of the bearing plate and the outer circle of the rotor is equal to (1-2) H1;

the distance H4= (2-3) H2 between the lower edge of the bearing plate and the outer circle of the rotor.

As an optimal technical scheme, the inner sides of the tray bodies are welded and fixed with the sleeve, and the outer sides of the tray bodies are provided with a plurality of clamping grooves corresponding to the positions along the circumferential direction so as to fix the slide ways.

As a preferable technical scheme, the central sleeve of the rotor body is connected with the main shaft through tensioning sleeves positioned at two ends inside; and the two ends of the plate hammer are axially limited by the plate hammer baffle plate and the limiting plate, and a plate hammer gasket is arranged at the radial contact position of the plate hammer and the rotor body.

As the preferable technical scheme, the slab hammer comprises a slab structure and a stupefied bulge arranged on one side of the slab structure, and the side wall of the slideway is provided with a groove matched with the stupefied bulge.

As a preferable technical scheme, the rotor part further comprises a large belt wheel, and the large belt wheel is arranged at one end of the rotor main shaft; two ends of the rotor main shaft are respectively sleeved with a bearing part, one bearing part is positioned between the large belt wheel and the rotor body, the other bearing part is positioned at the other side of the rotor body, and the two bearing parts are connected with the outer side of the main shaft through a dismounting sleeve or a fastening sleeve.

As a preferable technical scheme, the first impact plate part comprises a first impact plate body, a first upper support shaft and a first adjusting and protecting device; the upper hinge hole of the first impact plate body is rotationally connected with the first upper support shaft, and the first adjusting and protecting device penetrates through the shell and is connected with the lower part of the first impact plate body.

As an optimized technical scheme, the first adjusting and protecting device comprises a bottom frame, vertical suspension screw rod assemblies, an adjusting frame, a spring screw rod, a pressing seat and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the bottom frame is horizontally arranged, the vertical suspension screw rod assemblies are arranged on two sides of the bottom frame, and the adjusting frame, the spring screw rod, the pressing seat and the hydraulic cylinder are arranged between the two suspension screw rod assemblies; the underframe is connected with the shell; the spring screw comprises a spring; one end of the suspension screw rod assembly is connected with the first impact plate body, the other end of the suspension screw rod assembly is fixed inside the shell through one end of the inner spring screw rod and one end of the outer spring screw rod, the other end of the suspension screw rod assembly sequentially penetrates through the underframe and the adjusting frame and is fixed through the spring and the pressing seat, and the pressing seat compresses the spring through the nut, so that the suspension rod assembly is compressed on the shell through the adjusting frame; the two hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged between the two suspension screw assemblies, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the underframe, and the head of the cylinder head is connected with the adjusting frame through a hydraulic cylinder pin shaft; the second adjusting and protecting device has the same structure as the first adjusting and protecting device.

As the preferable technical proposal, the second impact plate part comprises a second impact plate frame, a second adjusting and protecting device, an impact lining plate and a second upper support shaft; the second impact plate frame is connected with an impact lining plate, the hinge hole at the upper part of the second impact plate frame is rotationally connected with the support shaft, and the second adjusting and protecting device penetrates through the second upper support shaft and is connected with the lower part of the second impact plate frame through a pin shaft.

As an optimal technical scheme, the leveling plate part comprises a leveling plate frame, a bearing plate and a rack; the upper part of the leveling plate frame is connected with the bearing plate, a plurality of connecting plates are arranged in parallel on the leveling surface of the leveling plate frame from top to bottom according to a certain radian, and racks are fixed on the connecting plates.

As the preferable technical scheme, the leveling plate part further comprises an upper sliding rail supported on the shell, the leveling plate frame is provided with a connecting shaft and can rotate around the connecting shaft, and the bottom of the connecting shaft is supported on the upper sliding rail.

As a preferable technical scheme, the leveling plate part further comprises an upper adjusting support rod assembly and a third adjusting protection device; the upper adjusting support rod assembly and the third adjusting protection device are respectively used for pushing the upper part and the lower part of the leveling plate frame in a propping mode, when the upper adjusting support rod assembly and the third adjusting protection device respectively act, the leveling plate frame rotates around the connecting shaft, when the upper adjusting support rod assembly and the third adjusting protection device push the leveling plate frame together, the leveling plate frame integrally translates forwards along the upper sliding rail, and the working principle and the structure of the third adjusting protection device are the same as those of the first adjusting protection device.

As the preferable technical scheme, the front end of the upper adjusting support rod component is connected with the upper sliding rail, and the rear end of the upper adjusting support rod component is fixed with the shell.

As a preferable technical scheme, the shell comprises an upper shell front part, an upper shell rear part, a lower shell part, a lining plate group and various access doors, and the components are spliced by a plurality of split welding pieces through bolts.

As a preferable technical scheme, the driving part comprises a driving device, and the driving device comprises a main shaft, a small belt pulley, a tensioning sleeve, a bearing part and a shaft end baffle; the middle part of the main shaft is connected with a small belt wheel, the small belt wheel is connected with one end of the main shaft through a tensioning sleeve, the other end of the main shaft is provided with a half coupling through a flat key, a second fixed end bearing part is arranged on the main shaft between the coupling and the small belt wheel, and a second movable end bearing part is arranged on the main shaft on one side of the small belt wheel far away from the coupling; the shaft sleeve exposed from the bearing part of the second fixed end props against the coupler; the shaft end baffles are arranged at the two ends of the main shaft and used for limiting the axial displacement of the floating end bearing and the shaft coupling respectively.

As the preferable technical scheme, the driving part further comprises a motor, a coupler, a motor base, a base sliding rail, a base adjusting screw assembly, a coupler cover, a transmission V belt, a driving bearing and a wedge block; the driving device is connected to the motor base and performs front and rear limiting by using wedge blocks; the small belt wheel is connected with the large belt wheel through a plurality of transmission belts; the motor is connected to the motor base through threads; the two half couplings are respectively connected with the motor extension shaft and the driving device extension shaft through keys, and in addition, the two half couplings are connected through nylon rods and then are buckled with a coupling cover on the outer side; the motor base is hinged with the base sliding rail through the base adjusting screw rod assembly so as to enable the motor base to be adjusted back and forth to adjust the tightness of the transmission V belt; the base sliding rail is connected with the foundation through foundation bolts; the driving part drives the transmission V belt through the small belt pulley, and then drives the large belt pulley and the whole rotor part to rotate.

The invention also discloses a working method of the single-section impact crusher for medium hard rock, which comprises the following steps:

the material is firstly fed into a feeding chute continuously and slides downwards, and is then hit and cut by a rotor plate hammer rotating at a high speed; the material is then thrown up and impacted to the first impact plate part in a forward angle mode, the material is rebound by the first impact plate body and is thrown back to the direction of a feed inlet, so that the material is impacted by the plate hammer or other materials again, the material is repeatedly impacted, beaten and impacted between the first impact plate body and the plate hammer, the granularity of the material is gradually reduced in the process, the material is finally brought to the lower edge of the first impact plate part by a rotor, the material is sheared, the material is then brought to the second impact plate part, the material is vertically thrown to the second section fold line of the second impact plate frame by the rotor, the material is subjected to 1-2 times of impact and re-beaten actions, the granularity is reduced and is brought to the discharge point of the second impact plate part, the material is sheared by the second impact plate frame and the rotor, and the material is then brought to the equalizing plate part; the materials are extruded and ground between the plate hammer and the leveling plate and between the materials on each step of the leveling plate, and finally crushed to qualified discharging granularity, the materials are forced to roll on the leveling plate due to the step shape of the leveling plate, the granularity is perfected, and finally the materials are discharged out of the machine by the rotor.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the rotor striking piece of the prior art single-section hammer crusher is a rotatable hammer head, so the rotor is flexible; compared with the single-section hammer crusher, the invention has higher moment of inertia and larger crushing force by virtue of the rigid rotor with the plate hammer participating in the crushing action, so the capability of crushing hard materials is stronger. And the crushed product has better grain shape by virtue of the multi-impact and leveling actions.

Compared with a medium crushing impact crusher, the medium crushing impact crusher has the characteristics of small feed inlet and vertical impact plate structure, and the whole structure strength is correspondingly enhanced, so that the crushable feed particles are large in granularity, large in crushing ratio and high in passing quantity, and the characteristics of strong striking capacity and good discharge particle shape of the medium crushing impact crusher are maintained.

The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single-stage impact crusher according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a rotor portion according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of a rotor portion of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first impact plate structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first adjustment and protection device according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second impact plate portion according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the leveling plate part of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of an leveling plate portion according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a driving part structure of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a driving apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the angular arrangement of the crushing chamber of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic view of crushing chamber spacing compensation according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a housing;

2. a rotor section; 21. a rotor spindle; 22. a rotor body; 22-1, a central sleeve; 22-2, a tray body; 23. a plate hammer; 24. a large belt wheel; 25. a tensioning sleeve; 26. a plate hammer baffle; 27. a limiting plate; 28. a board hammer pad;

3. a bearing part;

4. a reaction part; 41. a first striking plate portion; 411. a first counterattack plate body; 412. a first upper fulcrum; 413. a first adjustment protection device; 413-1, chassis; 413-2, a suspension screw assembly; 413-3, an adjusting frame; 413-4, spring screws; 413-5, pressing the seat; 413-6, hydraulic cylinders; 413-7, a damping disc spring; 42. a second striking plate portion; 421. the second counterattack plate frame; 422. a second adjustment protection device; 423. countering the lining board; 424. a second upper fulcrum;

5. a leveling plate part; 51. leveling grillage; 51-1, connecting plate; 52. a strike plate; 54. a connecting shaft; 55. an upper slide rail; 56. an upper adjustment support bar assembly; 57. a third adjustment protection device; 58. a rack;

6. a driving section; 61. a driving device; 611. a main shaft; 612. a small belt wheel; 613. a tensioning sleeve; 614. a bearing part; 615. a shaft end baffle; 616. a half coupling; 62. a motor; 63. a coupling; 64. a motor base; 65. a base slide rail; 66. a base adjusting screw assembly; 67. a coupling cover; 68. a transmission V belt; 69. wedge blocks;

7. feeding a chute.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, a single-stage impact crusher for medium hard rock mainly includes a housing 1, a rotor portion 2, a bearing portion 3, an impact portion 4, an equalizing plate portion 5, and a driving portion 6.

As shown in fig. 1, the shell 1 is used for connecting and supporting the rotor part, the impact part and the leveling plate part, and sealing the parts in the crushing cavity; a non-standard part is connected at the feed inlet of the shell; specifically, the shell comprises an upper shell front part, an upper shell rear part, a lower shell part, a lining plate group, various access doors and the like, and the components are spliced by a plurality of split welding pieces through bolts, so that the disassembly is convenient, and the operation, the maintenance and the transportation are convenient; the bottom of the shell is connected with the foundation.

As shown in fig. 2-4, the rotor 2 includes a rotor main shaft 21, a rotor body 22, a plate hammer 23, and a large pulley 24; the rotor body is a welding piece and comprises a central sleeve 22-1 sleeved on a rotor main shaft and a plurality of disc bodies 22-2 uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the sleeve, wherein a plurality of slide ways parallel to the axial direction of the sleeve are uniformly arranged on the disc bodies 22-2 along the circumferential direction, and a plate hammer 23 is arranged in each slide way; specifically, the inner sides of all the tray bodies 22-2 are welded and fixed with the sleeve, and the outer sides of the tray bodies are provided with a plurality of clamping grooves corresponding to the positions along the circumferential direction so as to fix the slide ways. The central sleeve of the rotor body is connected with the main shaft through tensioning sleeves 25 positioned at two ends inside; the two ends of the plate hammer are axially limited by a plate hammer baffle 26 and a limiting plate 27, and a plate hammer gasket 28 is arranged at the radial contact position of the plate hammer and the rotor body. Specifically, the slab hammer comprises a flat plate structure and a stupefied bulge arranged on one side of the flat plate structure, a groove matched with the stupefied bulge is arranged on the side wall of the slideway, and when the slab hammer is assembled, the stupefied bulge can be aligned with the groove and the whole slab hammer can be inserted into the slideway.

In the rotor structure, as the plate hammer 23 and the rotor body 22 are rigidly connected, the moment of inertia of the whole rotor can be fully involved in the work of the crusher, the capability of striking hard materials is greatly enhanced compared with that of the rotor in the prior art, and even if the plate hammer is worn for a certain amount, the consumption of the moment of inertia is lower than that in the prior art, so that the plate hammer can have more volume to participate in the work, and the utilization rate of striking parts is higher than that in the prior art; in addition, as the rotor body has large rotation inertia participation, after the plate hammer is made into a flat plate structure, the void ratio of the striking area is high, the material easily penetrates into the striking area, the influence on the penetration of the material into the striking area caused by the abrasion of the plate hammer is small, and the shape abrasion sensitivity is low; finally, the board hammer is few in quantity, simple in arrangement, and the rigid connection enables replacement to be very convenient, so that replacement time is greatly shorter than that of the prior art, and influence on production progress is small.

The large belt wheel 24 is arranged at one end of the rotor main shaft 21, and limits circumferential displacement through the tension sleeve 25 and axial displacement through the shaft end baffle. Two ends of the rotor main shaft 21 are respectively sleeved with a bearing part 3, one bearing part is positioned between the large belt wheel and the rotor body, the other bearing part is positioned at the other side of the rotor body, and the two bearing parts are connected with the outer side of the main shaft through a dismounting sleeve or a fastening sleeve.

The bearing part 3 is provided with a fixed end 31 and a free end 32, which respectively comprise an integral bearing seat, a bearing, a transparent cover, an inner shaft sleeve and an outer shaft sleeve. The bearing is connected with the spindle shaft section through a withdrawal sleeve or a tightening sleeve; the bearing seat is integrally sleeved on the bearing outer ring.

The bearing inner ring of the fixed end axially limits with the outer shaft sleeve through the inner shaft sleeve, the inner side is propped against the shaft shoulder, and the outer side is propped against the large belt wheel hub; the transparent cover of the fixed end is connected with the bearing seat by a bolt, and the supporting leg at the inner side of the bolt is propped against the outer ring of the bearing; the bearing position of the fixed end is thus limited and cannot be moved.

The inner side of the bearing of the free end is propped against the shaft shoulder through the inner side shaft sleeve, and the outer side of the bearing of the free end is propped against the shaft end baffle of the rotor through the outer side shaft sleeve of the free end to carry out axial limiting; the bearing seat of the free end is correspondingly connected with the cover and the cover through bolts, the supporting legs on the inner side of the bolts are in a certain gap with the outer ring of the free end bearing, the bottom of the free end bearing seat is supported on the shell, and the lower part of the free end bearing seat is connected with the shell through the bolts, so that the free end bearing has a certain horizontal displacement.

The impact part 4 comprises a first impact plate part 41 and a second impact plate part 42; as shown in fig. 5, the first impact plate portion includes a first impact plate 411, a first upper support shaft 412, and a first adjustment protector 413; the first impact plate 411 is of an integrally cast anticlockwise three-section fold line structure, an impact lining plate is not arranged alone, the upper reaming position of the first impact plate 411 is rotationally connected with the first upper supporting shaft 412, and a pin shaft is arranged at the pin hole of the lower part; the first adjustment protection 413 passes through the housing and is connected to the lower portion of the first striking plate body 411 by a pin.

As shown in fig. 6, the first adjusting and protecting device 413 includes a bottom frame 413-1 horizontally arranged, vertical suspension screw assemblies 413-2 arranged at both sides of the bottom frame 413-1, an adjusting frame 413-3 arranged between the two suspension screw assemblies, a spring screw 413-4 including a spring, a pressing seat 413-5, and a hydraulic cylinder 413-6; the underframe 413-1 is in threaded connection with the rear end of the shell; one end of the suspension screw assembly 413-2 is connected with the first impact plate 411 through a pin shaft, the other end is clamped on the adjusting frame 413-3 through nuts on the inner side and the outer side, and the nuts on the inner side are indirectly pressed on the underframe through damping disc springs 413-7; one end of the spring screw 413-4 is fixed in the shell, the other end of the spring screw penetrates through the underframe and the adjusting frame in sequence and is fixed through the spring and the pressing seat 413-5, and the pressing seat compresses the spring through a nut, so that the hanging rod assembly is compressed on the shell through the adjusting frame; the lower part of the whole impact plate main body is tensioned through the adjusting and protecting device, and meanwhile, the impact plate main body can be returned to the original position when moving backwards; the two hydraulic cylinders 413-6 are symmetrically arranged between the two suspension screw assemblies, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the underframe, the head of the cylinder head is connected with the adjusting frame through a pin shaft of the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder is used for adjusting the distance between the impact plate and the rotor.

As shown in fig. 7, the second-pass impact plate portion 42 is different from the first-pass impact plate portion 41 in that the second-pass impact plate portion includes a second impact plate bracket 421, a second adjustment protection 422, an impact backing plate 423, and a second upper support shaft 424; the second counterattack grillage 421 is a welding piece and is in a anticlockwise two-section broken line structure, the second counterattack grillage 421 is connected with the counterattack lining plate 423, the hinge hole at the upper part of the second counterattack grillage is rotationally connected with the support shaft, and the second adjusting and protecting device 422 passes through the second upper support shaft 424 and is connected with the lower part of the second counterattack grillage 421 through a pin shaft.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the leveling plate part 5 comprises a leveling plate frame 51, a bearing plate 52, a connecting plate 51-1, a connecting shaft 54, an upper sliding rail 55, an upper adjusting support rod assembly 56 and a third adjusting protection device 57; the upper adjusting support bar assembly 56 and the third adjusting protection device 57 are respectively used for pushing the upper part and the lower part of the leveling board frame in a propping way, when the upper adjusting support bar assembly and the third adjusting protection device act respectively, the leveling board frame rotates around the connecting shaft 51-1, and when the upper adjusting support bar assembly and the third adjusting protection device push the leveling board frame together, the leveling board frame integrally translates forwards.

Specifically, the leveling plate frame 51 is a welded structure, the upper portion of the leveling plate frame is in threaded connection with the impact plate 52, a plurality of connecting plates 51-1 are arranged in parallel from top to bottom according to a certain radian, all the connecting plates are arranged in an inclined tooth shape, and racks 58 are fixed on the connecting plates. Two fulcrum holes are symmetrically arranged on the upper side of the leveling plate frame, two ends of the connecting shaft are arranged in the two fulcrum holes, the leveling plate frame can rotate around the connecting shaft, the bottom of the connecting shaft is supported on an upper sliding rail, and the upper sliding rail is supported on the shell; specifically, the upper adjusting support rod assembly 56 has a screw structure, the front end of the upper adjusting support rod assembly is connected with the upper slide rail through a pin shaft, and the rear end thread is fixed with the hinge frame of the shell through an inner nut and an outer nut, so that the upper slide rail can horizontally move by adjusting the extension length of the upper adjusting support rod assembly, and the connecting shaft is driven to move and rotate;

the third adjusting protector 57 is supported by the bottom plate at a corresponding position of the housing, and has the same structure as the first adjusting protector, so that the lower part of the whole leveling board frame is supported by the third adjusting protector, and the leveling board frame can be returned to the original position when moving backwards.

As shown in fig. 10, the driving part 6 includes a driving device 61, a motor 62, a coupling 63, a motor base 64, a base slide rail 65, a base adjusting screw assembly 66, a coupling cover 67, a transmission V belt 68, a driving bearing, and a wedge 69; as shown in fig. 11, the driving device 61 is a shafting component, and comprises a main shaft 611, a small belt pulley 612, a tensioning sleeve 613, a bearing portion 614 and a shaft end baffle 615; the middle part of the main shaft is connected with a small belt wheel, the small belt wheel is connected with one end of the main shaft through a tensioning sleeve, the other end of the main shaft is provided with a half coupler 616 through a flat key, a second fixed end bearing part is arranged on a main shaft 611 between the coupler 63 and the small belt wheel 612, and a second movable end bearing part is arranged on the main shaft of one side of the small belt wheel 612 far away from the coupler; the shaft sleeve exposed from the bearing part of the second fixed end props against the coupler 63, so that the bearing and the coupler are axially limited; the shaft end baffles are arranged at the two ends of the main shaft and used for limiting the axial displacement of the floating end bearing and the shaft coupling respectively. The whole driving device 61 is supported on the motor base 64 through a movable end bearing part and a fixed end bearing part and is fixed by bolts, and then the driving device is limited back and forth by a wedge 69; the small pulley 612 and the large pulley 24 are connected by a plurality of transmission belts; the motor is integrally fixed on the motor base through bolts, the two half couplings 616 are respectively connected with the motor extending shaft and the driving device extending shaft through keys, and in addition, the two half couplings are connected through nylon rods and then the outer sides of the two half couplings are buckled with a coupling cover; the motor base is integrally supported on four base sliding rails and is connected with hinge shaft holes of the base sliding rails through base adjusting screw assemblies so as to enable the motor base to be adjusted back and forth to adjust the tightness of the transmission V belt; the base slide rail passes through rag bolt and basic link to each other. The driving part drives the transmission V belt 68 through the small belt pulley 612, and further drives the large belt pulley 24 and the whole rotor part 2 to rotate.

As shown in fig. 12, the working method of the single-stage impact crusher for medium hard rock of the present invention is as follows:

the material is firstly fed into the feeding chute 7 continuously and slides downwards, and is then hit and cut by a plate hammer 23 on a rotor part rotating at a high speed; and then thrown up and hit against the first striking plate portion 41 in a forward angle manner (the general hit manner is divided into forward type, vertical type and backward type), the forward angle type is that the material is rebounded back towards the feed inlet, the vertical type is that the material is rebounded towards the forward direction, the backward type is that the material is rebounded towards the lower striking plate portion, the material is rebounded by the first striking plate body 411, is thrown back towards the feed inlet direction, and is hit by the plate hammer or other material again, and so on, the material is repeatedly hit, struck and hit between the first striking plate body 411 and the plate hammer 23 for a plurality of times, the granularity of the material is gradually reduced in the process, finally, the material is brought to the lower edge of the first striking plate portion 41 by the rotor, the material is sheared in the process of each hit, and then the material is rebounded in the forward angle manner, but the whole material is changed in the process of the hit and the impact are carried to the discharge outlet of the first striking plate portion, and then the material is brought to the second striking plate portion 42. The impact can be performed in a forward angle mode, because the single-section impact crusher is large in feeding granularity, the stay time of materials in the crushing cavity can be prolonged in the mode, the number of times of the received crushing process is increased, the crushing benefit is more obvious, the crushing ratio is increased, and the discharging granularity can be ensured. The shape of the reaction plate is a broken line structure approximating an involute: the involute is formed by taking the outer circle of a rotor at the discharge point of the impact plate as a base point, so that a tangent line at the position rotates clockwise around the drawing, but if the original involute is adopted, the reverse angle is vertical, the retention time of materials is reduced, the crushing effect is reduced, the feed inlet is too small, and the entry of materials with larger granularity is influenced. When designing, the involute is rotated by an angle in the anticlockwise direction by taking the discharging point of the impact plate as the center of a circle, a new involute structure is generated, and the impact plate is designed based on the new involute structure. However, the involute form is not easy to manufacture, and is practically enveloped by a three-section broken line structure in a counterclockwise form, so that the broken line structure is approximately replaced; thus, in general, in the crushing chamber of the present application, the material is subjected to three or so working processes of counterattack in the form of a forward angle: the material is brought to the second impact plate part 42 from the discharge point of the first impact plate 41 part and is vertically thrown to the second section fold line by the rotor part 21, so that the material is subjected to 1-2 times of impact and impact again, the granularity is reduced and is brought to the discharge point of the impact plate part, the material is subjected to shearing action of the impact plate and the rotor, and then the material is brought to the equalizing plate part; the material is extruded and ground between the rotor part 2 and the leveling plate part 5 and between the material and the material on each step of the leveling plate, and finally crushed to a qualified discharging granularity, the step shape of the leveling plate part can enable the material to be forced to roll on the step, so that the effect is enhanced, the material is ensured to be shaped and finally crushed to the greatest extent, and finally the material is discharged out of the machine by the rotor.

In order to achieve the above technical effects, it is necessary to study the angles of the feed chute 7, the two impact plates, the rotor section and the equalizing plate in detail. Through a number of experiments we have derived the following settings: a feeding chute is arranged at a feeding hole of the crushing cavity, the included angle alpha between the discharging point of the feeding chute and the horizontal line of the rotor body is 25-35 degrees, and the included angle beta between the feeding chute and the horizontal line is 50-60 degrees;

the included angle zeta between the connecting line of the discharging point of the second impact plate part and the center of the rotor body and the vertical line of the rotor is 55-65 degrees, and the included angle eta between two sections of folding lines of the second impact plate part is 130 degrees;

and the included angle theta between the connecting line of the feeding point of the leveling plate part and the center of the rotor and the horizontal line of the rotor body is 2-5 degrees, and the included angle phi between the connecting line of the feeding point of the leveling plate part and the discharging point of the rotor body and the connecting line of the center of the rotor body is 40-60 degrees.

Most of the data are in a range, and each angle takes different values according to different raw material or discharging granularity requirements.

However, when the rotor plate hammer, the impact plate part and the leveling plate part work for a certain time, the rotor plate hammer, the impact plate part and the leveling plate part wear, and in order to ensure the crushing effect, the single-section impact crusher compensates after the requirement on the discharging granularity is changed or the impact plate lining plate and the leveling plate external casting forging are required to be worn, and the angles of the impact plate part and the leveling plate part and the interval between the impact plate part and the rotor are required to be trimmed; at this time, the adjustment is performed through the adjustment protection device of the two impact plates, the upper adjustment support screw assembly of the leveling plate and the adjustment protection device, as shown in fig. 13, the discharging granularity is H1 approximately equal to the discharging granularity, and H1 is the distance between the lower edge of the first impact plate body and the outer circle of the rotor; h2 Discharge particle size, H2 is the spacing between the second counterattack plate rack lower edge and the rotor outer circle; h3 H1, H3 is the spacing between the upper edge of the receiving plate and the outer circle of the rotor, h4= (2-3) H2, H4 is the spacing between the lower edge of the receiving plate and the outer circle of the rotor; when the foreign matter which is difficult to crush enters the device, the impact plate part and the leveling plate part can be retracted backwards, at the moment, the spring of the adjusting and protecting device is compressed, the foreign matter is discharged, and then the foreign matter is pressed back to the original position under the pressure of the spring.

The practice proves that the invention has the characteristics of high yield, large adaptive feeding granularity and large crushing ratio of the original single-stage hammer crusher, and meanwhile, the capability of crushing hard materials is stronger relative to hammer crushing and the throughput is larger under the same specification by virtue of a rigid rotor (higher moment of inertia and larger crushing force than the rotor of the single-stage hammer crusher) and the discharging grain is better than the hammer crushing by virtue of the multi-impact and leveling effects. Taking a single-section impact crusher of the invention with a specification of 20.25 (20 is the diameter of the outer circle of the rotor and 25 is the effective striking length of the rotor) and a single-section hammer crusher in the prior art as examples: under the conditions that the discharging granularity is 70mm-80mm and the limestone with medium hardness is crushed, the throughput of the single-section impact crusher can reach 1500T/h, the single-section hammer crusher only has about 1200T/h, the discharging particle needle piece of the single-section impact crusher can reach the quality between I level and II level under the standard of GB/T14685 pebble and macadam for construction, and the single-section hammer crusher can only reach between II level and III level; the operation time of the impact breaking maintenance, adjustment and maintenance is shorter, for example, when the plate hammer of the rotor is replaced, the plate hammer is of a rigid structure, the number of the plate hammers is small, the replacement process is simple, the plate hammer can be replaced only about one hour, the number of the hammerheads of the rotor of the single-section hammer breaker is large and can freely rotate by at most three people, the operation is troublesome, the replacement time is 7-8 hours, the number of the hammerheads is 5-6 people, and the maintenance cost is high.

Compared with a medium crushing impact crusher, the invention adopts the rotor with large moment of inertia, the large feed inlet and the forward impact plate structure (the medium crushing type is the small feed inlet and the vertical impact plate structure), and meanwhile, the integral structure strength is correspondingly enhanced, so that the crushable feed has large granularity, large crushing ratio and high passing quantity, but the characteristics of strong striking capacity and good discharge grain shape of the medium crushing impact crusher are also maintained. Taking the current maximum specification machine type on the market as an example, under the condition of crushing the same medium hardness limestone, the maximum feeding granularity of the single-stage impact crusher reaches 2000mm, the passing amount reaches about 2500t/h, the crushing ratio reaches 40:1, the medium crushing type maximum feeding granularity is 500mm, the passing amount is 1200t/h, and the crushing ratio is only 16:1.

in conclusion, under the condition of high requirement on the discharged grain type in the field of medium-hard rock crushing, compared with other models, the invention has great advantages, becomes the most suitable initial section crushing model in the field, and has great significance and effect on industrial quality improvement and industrial economic development.

The foregoing describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-section impact crusher for medium hard rock comprises a shell, a rotor part, a bearing part, an impact part, an equalizing plate part and a driving part; the shell is used for connecting and supporting the rotor part, the bearing part, the impact part and the leveling plate part and sealing the components in the crushing cavity; the driving part is used for driving the rotor part to rotate;

the method is characterized in that: the rotor comprises a rotor main shaft, a rotor body and a plate hammer; the rotor body comprises a central sleeve sleeved on the rotor main shaft and a plurality of disc bodies uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the sleeve, a plurality of slide ways parallel to the axial direction of the sleeve are uniformly arranged on the disc bodies along the circumferential direction, and a plate hammer is arranged in each slide way; the impact part comprises a first impact plate part and a second impact plate part; the first impact plate part comprises a three-section impact plate body arranged in the anticlockwise direction, and the second impact plate part comprises a two-section impact plate body arranged in the anticlockwise direction.

2. A single-stage impact breaker for medium hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that:

a feeding chute is arranged at a feeding hole of the crushing cavity, the included angle alpha between the discharging point of the feeding chute and the horizontal line of the rotor body is 25-35 degrees, and the included angle beta between the feeding chute and the horizontal line is 50-60 degrees;

3. A single-stage impact breaker for medium hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the interval H1 between the lower edge of the first impact plate body and the outer circle of the rotor=discharging granularity;

4. A single-stage impact breaker for medium hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner side of the tray body is welded and fixed with the sleeve, and a plurality of clamping grooves corresponding to positions are formed in the outer side of the tray body along the circumferential direction so as to fix the slide way.

5. A single-stage impact breaker for medium hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the central sleeve of the rotor body is connected with the main shaft through tensioning sleeves positioned at two ends inside; and the two ends of the plate hammer are axially limited by the plate hammer baffle plate and the limiting plate, and a plate hammer gasket is arranged at the radial contact position of the plate hammer and the rotor body.

6. A single-stage impact breaker for medium hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plate hammer comprises a flat plate structure and a corrugated bulge arranged on one side of the flat plate structure, and a groove matched with the corrugated bulge is formed in the side wall of the slideway.

7. A single-stage impact breaker for medium hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotor part further comprises a large belt wheel, and the large belt wheel is arranged at one end of the rotor main shaft; two ends of the rotor main shaft are respectively sleeved with a bearing part, one bearing part is positioned between the large belt wheel and the rotor body, the other bearing part is positioned at the other side of the rotor body, and the two bearing parts are connected with the outer side of the main shaft through a dismounting sleeve or a fastening sleeve.

8. A single-stage impact breaker for medium hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first impact plate part comprises a first impact plate body, a first upper support shaft and a first adjusting and protecting device; the upper hinge hole of the first impact plate body is rotationally connected with the first upper support shaft, and the first adjusting and protecting device penetrates through the shell and is connected with the lower part of the first impact plate body.

9. The single-stage impact crusher for medium hard rock according to claim 8, wherein: the first adjusting and protecting device comprises a bottom frame, vertical suspension screw rod assemblies, an adjusting frame, a spring screw rod, a pressing seat and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the bottom frame is horizontally arranged, the vertical suspension screw rod assemblies are arranged on two sides of the bottom frame, the adjusting frame is arranged between the two suspension screw rod assemblies, and the spring screw rod comprises a spring; the underframe is connected with the shell; one end of the suspension screw assembly is connected with the first impact plate body, the other end of the suspension screw assembly is clamped on the adjusting frame through nuts on the inner side and the outer side, and the nuts on the inner side are indirectly pressed on the underframe through damping disc springs; one end of the spring screw rod is fixed in the shell, the other end of the spring screw rod sequentially penetrates through the underframe and the adjusting frame and is fixed through the spring and the pressing seat, and the pressing seat compresses the spring through the nut, so that the hanging rod assembly is compressed on the shell through the adjusting frame; the two hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged between the two suspension screw assemblies, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the underframe, and the head of the cylinder head is connected with the adjusting frame through a hydraulic cylinder pin shaft; the second adjusting and protecting device has the same structure as the first adjusting and protecting device.

10. The single-stage impact crusher for medium hard rock according to claim 8, wherein: the second impact plate part comprises a second impact plate frame, a second adjusting and protecting device, an impact lining plate and a second upper support shaft; the second impact plate frame is connected with an impact lining plate, the hinge hole at the upper part of the second impact plate frame is rotationally connected with a second upper support shaft, and the second adjusting and protecting device penetrates through the shell and is connected with the lower part of the second impact plate frame through a pin shaft.

11. A single-stage impact breaker for medium hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the leveling plate part comprises a leveling plate frame, a bearing plate and a rack; the upper part of the leveling plate frame is connected with the bearing plate, a plurality of connecting plates are arranged in parallel on the leveling surface of the leveling plate frame from top to bottom according to a certain radian, and racks are fixed on the connecting plates.

12. The single-stage impact crusher for medium hard rock according to claim 11, wherein: the leveling plate part further comprises an upper sliding rail supported on the shell, the leveling plate frame is provided with a connecting shaft and can rotate around the connecting shaft, and the bottom of the connecting shaft is supported on the upper sliding rail.

13. The single-stage impact crusher for medium hard rock according to claim 11, wherein: the leveling plate part also comprises an upper adjusting support rod assembly and a third adjusting protection device; the upper adjusting support rod assembly and the third adjusting protection device are respectively used for pushing the upper part and the lower part of the leveling plate frame in a propping mode, when the upper adjusting support rod assembly and the third adjusting protection device respectively act, the leveling plate frame rotates around the connecting shaft, when the upper adjusting support rod assembly and the third adjusting protection device push the leveling plate frame together, the leveling plate frame integrally translates forwards along the upper sliding rail, and the working principle and the structure of the third adjusting protection device are the same as those of the first adjusting protection device.

14. A single-stage impact breaker for medium hard rock according to claim 13, wherein: the front end of the upper adjusting support rod assembly is connected with the upper sliding rail, and the rear end of the upper adjusting support rod assembly is fixed with the shell.

15. A single-stage impact breaker for medium hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shell comprises an upper shell front part, an upper shell rear part, a lower shell part, a lining plate group and various access doors, and the components are spliced by bolts for a plurality of split welding pieces.

16. The single-stage impact crusher for medium hard rock according to claim 7, wherein: the driving part comprises a driving device, and the driving device comprises a main shaft, a small belt pulley, a tensioning sleeve, a bearing part and a shaft end baffle; the middle part of the main shaft is connected with a small belt wheel, the small belt wheel is connected with one end of the main shaft through a tensioning sleeve, the other end of the main shaft is provided with a half coupling through a flat key, a second fixed end bearing part is arranged on the main shaft between the coupling and the small belt wheel, and a second movable end bearing part is arranged on the main shaft on one side of the small belt wheel far away from the coupling; the shaft sleeve exposed from the bearing part of the second fixed end props against the coupler; the shaft end baffles are arranged at the two ends of the main shaft and used for limiting the axial displacement of the floating end bearing and the shaft coupling respectively.

17. The single-stage impact crusher for medium hard rock according to claim 16, wherein: the driving part also comprises a motor, a coupler, a motor base, a base sliding rail, a base adjusting screw rod component, a coupler cover, a transmission V belt, a driving bearing and a wedge block; the driving device is connected to the motor base and performs front and rear limiting by using wedge blocks; the small belt wheel is connected with the large belt wheel through a plurality of transmission belts; the motor is connected to the motor base through bolts; the two half couplings are respectively connected with the motor extension shaft and the driving device extension shaft through keys, and in addition, the two half couplings are connected through nylon rods and then are buckled with a coupling cover on the outer side; the motor base is hinged with the base sliding rail through the base adjusting screw rod assembly so as to enable the motor base to be adjusted back and forth to adjust the tightness of the transmission V belt; the base sliding rail is connected with the foundation through foundation bolts; the driving part drives the transmission V belt through the small belt pulley, and then drives the large belt pulley and the whole rotor part to rotate.

18. A method of operating a single-stage impact breaker for medium hard rock according to claim 10, comprising the steps of: