CN116473057B - 油酸乙酯在引诱红火蚁中的应用 - Google Patents
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- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/10—Catching insects by using Traps
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Abstract
本发明公开了油酸乙酯在引诱红火蚁中的应用。本发明从眼斑芫菁Mylabriscichorii体内提取的化合物中筛选和开发的油酸乙酯对红火蚁工蚁、有性雌蚁和雄蚁均具有较强的引诱效果，并且其引诱活性高于火腿肠气味，可以用于红火蚁及其它蚂蚁的行为引诱剂开发及检疫防治等应用；相比较于现阶段其它针对红火蚁的饵剂，本发明利用昆虫天然产生化合物，更加绿色和环保，具有重要的市场应用和推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于红火蚁高效监测和综合防控技术领域，具体涉及油酸乙酯在引诱红火蚁中的应用。
背景技术
红火蚁（Solenopsisinvicta）是一种重大外来入侵性社会昆虫，它不但影响生态环境，破坏基础设施，而且威胁人类生命健康。
监测性引诱剂是对红火蚁成功实施防控监测的关键。目前对于红火蚁的引诱剂，主要使用火腿肠。火腿肠气味持续时间较短，并且容易引起其他动物取食，受环境影响较大。因此，亟需开发新型的红火蚁引诱剂用于红火蚁的高效监测与防控。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对目前红火蚁在全国范围内快速蔓延，对农林生产、公共安全、人体健康和地区生态多样性构成重大威胁，现有的红火蚁监测和防治技术中针对红火蚁的引诱剂种类不多，不易分解等技术难题，提供一种对红火蚁不同品级的蚂蚁均具有较强引诱作用的天然源化合物药剂及其应用。
本发明通过气相色谱仪（GC-MS）、昆虫触角电位仪（EAG）以及诺达思昆虫行为轨迹跟踪仪EthovisionXT等技术，测试并证实了油酸乙酯对红火蚁工蚁、有性雌蚁和雄蚁均具有较强的引诱作用，其引诱性强于目前常用的引诱剂火腿肠。
因此，本发明的第一个目的是提供油酸乙酯在引诱蚁类害虫中的应用。
优选，所述的蚁类害虫为红火蚁。
优选，所述的红火蚁为红火蚁工蚁、有性雌蚁和雄蚁。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种引诱红火蚁的方法，其利用油酸乙酯对红火蚁进行引诱。
优选，所述的方法，将油酸乙酯吸附在载体上作为诱芯，然后对红火蚁进行引诱。
优选，所述的方法，将油酸乙酯装于诱集瓶内作为引诱剂，然后对红火蚁进行引诱。
本发明筛选的油酸乙酯对红火蚁工蚁、有性雌蚁和雄蚁均具有较好的引诱效果。因此，本发明提供了一种防治重大入侵性害虫红火蚁的引诱剂，可以用于红火蚁的行为引诱剂开发及检疫防治应用，相比较于现阶段针对红火蚁的常用引诱剂火腿肠，本发明的油酸乙酯引诱剂对红火蚁工蚁具有更强引诱力，对人和动物无害且更易降解，因此具有重要的市场应用和推广潜力。
附图说明
图1是眼斑芫菁冷浸提取液的GC-MS总离子流图。
图2是红火蚁工蚁对眼斑芫菁冷浸提取液（A）和油酸乙酯标准品（B）的触角GC-EAD反应图。
图3是红火蚁工蚁在眼斑芫菁冷浸提取液处理实验区域的相对停留时间占比（A）和行为轨迹图（B）。
图4是红火蚁在油酸乙酯处理实验区域的相对停留时间占比（A）和行为轨迹图（B）。
图5是红火蚁工蚁在油酸乙酯和火腿肠处理的实验区域的相对停留时间占比（A）和行为轨迹图（B）。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：眼斑芫菁冷浸提取液GC-MS分离鉴定
S1. 冷冻浸提法提取化学物质
利用尖镊子刺激眼斑芫菁，待其从腿节分泌出黄色化学防御物质后，放入10 mL进样瓶中，立即使用液氮冷冻，待液氮挥发之后加入5 mL色谱纯正己烷，浸取10 min后取出虫体。随后加入少量无水Na2SO4震荡摇匀2 min以除去样品中多余的水分，用0.45μm孔径的有机滤膜对溶液进行过滤，随后用氮气浓缩至1 mL。将浓缩好的样品贮存在-20℃冰箱内备用。
S2. 化合物的鉴定
利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（型号：安捷伦8890-5977B GC-MS）对S1中制备的样品进行鉴定，具体条件：色谱柱为HP-5ms(30 m, 0.25 mm内径, 0.25 μm膜厚)，载气为高纯氮气，进样口温度250℃，FID检测器温度320℃，离子源电压EI 70 eV，柱接口温度为280℃，扫描离子范围为50~550m/Z。柱箱升温程序为50℃，保留时间为2 min、以15℃/min升至200℃并保持5 min，再以15℃/min升至280℃并保持5 min。每次取样1 μL进行手动进样。
S3.分析结果表明，提取液中化合物的总离子流图如图1所示，其中含量最多的为油酸乙酯。
实施例2：昆虫触角电位（EAG）实验测定油酸乙酯对红火蚁的电位反应
使用GC-EAD测试红火蚁大型工蚁对芫菁冷浸液和油酸乙酯的触角电生理反应，芫菁冷浸液是按照实施例1的S1步骤制备得到，油酸乙酯使用正己烷稀释至0.2µL/mL。使用维纳斯剪沿触角基部剪下触角，并用刀片在触角顶部划开小口。触角的基部和尖端分别连接两个填充盐水溶液的玻璃毛细管（直径1.1mm），并通过银线连接到参比电极和记录电极。气相色谱型号为安捷伦7890B，色谱条件为：HP-5ms (30 m, 0.25 mm内径, 0.25 μm膜厚)毛细管色谱柱，载气为高纯氮气，进样口温度250℃，FID检测器温度320℃，柱箱升温程序为50℃，保留时间为2 min、以15℃/min升至200℃并保持5 min，再以15℃/min升至280℃并保持5 min。GC采用手动进样及不分流模式，进样量为1 µL，GC和EAG的样品分流比为1:1，每次实验重复6根触角。
结果表明，油酸乙酯可以引起红火蚁大型工蚁强烈的电生理反应（图2），0.2 µL/mL的油酸乙酯引起的大型工蚁触角电位变化值为-0.076±0.005 mV。说明油酸乙酯对红火蚁具有十分明显的嗅觉反应。
实施例3：冷浸提取液对红火蚁工蚁的引诱活性测试
采用EthovisionXT11.5软件记录芫菁冷浸液对红火蚁工蚁的引诱行为特性。在内壁涂有聚四氟乙烯的圆形玻璃碗（10 cm×5 cm）的两处对角处分别放置半径为1厘米的圆形滤纸片，分别为对照区和处理区。芫菁冷浸液是按照实施例1的S1步骤制备得到，往处理区滤纸片上滴2 µL芫菁冷浸液，另外一片滤纸滴加2 µL正己烷作为对照；然后将单只红火蚁工蚁在培养皿的正中间放置进入培养皿，在容器内放置5 min以待其适应，利用Ethovision XT自带的视频软件拍摄记录红火蚁在培养皿内的活动轨迹20 min，并自动统计红火蚁在培养皿内两个不同区域的活动时间，利用SPSSt检验对红火蚁在不同区域的活动时间进行差异显著性比较（P=0.05）。
图3结果表明芫菁冷浸液对红火蚁工蚁具有较强的引诱作用，在处理区域的停留时间占比为71.25 ± 5.83%，对照区域为28.75± 5.8%（t = 3.643，df = 9，p = 0.005）。
实施例4：油酸乙酯对红火蚁的引诱活性测试
采用EthovisionXT11.5软件记录油酸乙酯对红火蚁工蚁的引诱行为特性。具体操作和分析方式同实施例3，油酸乙酯经正己烷稀释至浓度为1 µL/mL，往处理区滤纸片上滴2µL油酸乙酯溶液，另外一片滤纸滴加2 µL正己烷作为对照，分别对红火蚁工蚁、有性雌蚁和雄蚁进行测试。
图4结果表明油酸乙酯对红火蚁工蚁、有性雌蚁、雄蚁均具有较强的引诱作用。工蚁在油酸乙酯处理区域的停留时间百分比为65.62 ± 5.05%，对照为34.38 ±5.05%（t =3.095，df = 9，p=0.013）。有性雌蚁在油酸乙酯处理区域的停留时间百分比为67.85 ±8.12%，对照为32.15 ±8.12%（t = 2.197，df = 9，p=0.046）。雄蚁在油酸乙酯处理区域的停留时间百分比为67.76 ± 6.16%，对照为32.24 ± 6.16%（t =2.886，df = 9，p =0.018）。
实施例5：油酸乙酯和火腿肠气味对红火蚁的引诱活性对比测试
采用EthovisionXT11.5软件记录油酸乙酯和火腿肠气味对红火蚁工蚁的引诱活性对比。具体操作和分析方式同实施例3，油酸乙酯经正己烷稀释至浓度为1 µL/mL，处理区滤纸片上滴2 µL油酸乙酯溶液，提前另一滤纸片与5 g火腿肠在200 mL小瓶内吸附20分钟作为对照。
图5结果表明油酸乙酯对红火蚁工蚁引诱活性强于火腿肠气味。在油酸乙酯处理区域的停留时间占比为61.53 ± 3.36%，火腿肠气味对照区域为38.47 ± 3.36%（t =3.437，df= 9，p = 0.007）。
Claims (5)
1.油酸乙酯在引诱红火蚁中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的红火蚁为红火蚁工蚁、有性雌蚁和雄蚁。
3.一种引诱红火蚁的方法，其特征在于，利用油酸乙酯对红火蚁进行引诱。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，将油酸乙酯吸附在载体上作为诱芯，然后对红火蚁进行引诱。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，将油酸乙酯装于诱集瓶内作为引诱剂，然后对红火蚁进行引诱。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013085002A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-13 | アース製薬株式会社 | アリ毒餌剤容器 |
| JP2017197446A (ja) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-02 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | クロテンコナカイガラムシの性誘引物質 |
| CN107396927A (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-28 | 新疆农业大学 | 一种枣实蝇成虫引诱剂及其应用 |
| CN115669656A (zh) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-02-03 | 广东省科学院动物研究所 | 罗勒烯在制备蜂巢小甲虫引诱剂中的应用 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013085002A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-13 | アース製薬株式会社 | アリ毒餌剤容器 |
| JP2017197446A (ja) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-02 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | クロテンコナカイガラムシの性誘引物質 |
| CN107396927A (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-28 | 新疆农业大学 | 一种枣实蝇成虫引诱剂及其应用 |
| CN115669656A (zh) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-02-03 | 广东省科学院动物研究所 | 罗勒烯在制备蜂巢小甲虫引诱剂中的应用 |
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| 脂肪酸对红火蚁搬尸行为的影响;徐艳勤等;昆虫学报;第61卷(第12期);1414-1420 * |
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