CN116460413A - Split friction stir welding tool and welding method for weakening joint texture - Google Patents
Split friction stir welding tool and welding method for weakening joint texture Download PDFInfo
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- CN116460413A CN116460413A CN202310426875.7A CN202310426875A CN116460413A CN 116460413 A CN116460413 A CN 116460413A CN 202310426875 A CN202310426875 A CN 202310426875A CN 116460413 A CN116460413 A CN 116460413A
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 240
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a split friction stir welding tool and a welding method for weakening joint texture, which solve the technical problems that when a traditional friction stir welding metal material is used, as the grain orientation of a joint is intensively distributed, the texture strength is high, deformation of each region of the joint is inconsistent in the stretching process, and the stretching performance of the joint is damaged. The invention provides a split friction stir welding tool which is provided with an outer stirring head and an inner stirring head, wherein a stirring cavity is arranged in the center of the outer stirring head, the inner stirring head is arranged in the stirring cavity, the outer stirring head and the inner stirring head can move relatively and independently, the lower end face of the inner stirring head is provided with a concentric annular groove, the outer stirring head is provided with an inner concave end face, and the inner concave end face is provided with a vortex-shaped groove. Meanwhile, the invention provides a welding method for weakening the joint texture by utilizing the split friction stir welding tool. The invention can be widely applied to the technical field of friction stir welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a split friction stir welding tool and a welding method for weakening joint textures.
Background
Friction stir welding (Friction stir welding, FSW for short) is a high-efficiency solid-phase welding technology invented by the British welding institute in 1991, in the welding process, a welding machine drives a welding tool to rotate at a high speed and prick into a material to be welded, and advances along a preset track, in the process, the welding tool and the material to be welded generate friction shearing to generate a large amount of heat, so that the material to be welded reaches a thermoplastic state, flows under the shearing drive of the welding tool, and forms a continuous and compact welding seam under the upsetting action of a shaft shoulder.
As a solid phase welding method, friction stir welding can effectively avoid the defects of air holes, inclusions, hot cracks and the like which are easy to occur in the fusion welding of materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like, so the friction stir welding method is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, weapons, traffic and the like. However, in the process of welding metal materials with close-packed hexagonal structures such as magnesium alloy, alpha-titanium alloy and the like by conventional friction stir welding, strong texture phenomenon is easy to occur in a stirring area due to simpler and more regular flow behavior of thermoplastic metal, wherein grain basal planes are distributed around the side surface of a stirring pin, deformation of each area of a joint is uncoordinated in the stretching process due to grain orientation, and strain concentration is caused by early yielding of metal in a part of the area, so that the stretching performance of the joint is damaged; secondly, in conventional friction stir welding, due to the existence of the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder, part of thermoplastic metal can overflow and run off in the welding process, so that a certain amount of thinning is generated on the welding seam, and particularly, the welding position thickness is reduced aiming at the welding of the thin plate, so that the bearing capacity of the joint is seriously damaged, and the welding position has a certain limitation.
Patent CN203003336 discloses a back-pumping friction stir welding spindle head with a stirring pin and a shaft shoulder rotating in a differential manner, which solves the technical problem that welding quality is affected by overheat of a welding seam in the prior art by controlling the differential rotation of the shaft shoulder and the stirring pin, but when the back-pumping friction stir welding spindle head is applied to welding of metal materials with close-packed hexagonal structures such as magnesium alloy, alpha-type titanium alloy and the like, the shaft shoulder and the stirring pin rotate in the same direction, so that the flow behavior of the thermoplastic material is not radically changed in the welding process, the concentrated distribution of grain orientation and the phenomenon of strong texture are not obviously improved, and the mechanical property of a joint is still lower.
Patent CN111618420a discloses a method and apparatus for weakening the texture of a magnesium alloy friction stir welding joint, which adopts a static shoulder friction stir welding tool to improve symmetry of joint structure, and cooperates with pulse current to promote dynamic recrystallization process of the joint structure, so that grain orientation is randomized, and further, the texture strength of the joint is weakened, but the method does not change metal flow behavior in the welding process fundamentally, so that the weakening effect on the texture strength is limited, and the process is complex and the cost of the apparatus is high.
Patent CN101890572B discloses a friction stir welding method in which a stirring pin and a shaft shoulder reversely rotate, which improves the asymmetry of joint structure and performance and improves the mechanical properties of the joint by applying opposite driving forces to the welded material. However, in the method, due to the existence of the stirring pin, the material flow at the bottom of the welding seam is mainly influenced by the rotation of the stirring pin, and the reverse rotation of the shaft shoulder cannot effectively change the material flow behavior at the bottom of the welding seam, so that the improvement effect on the texture strength of the bottom of the welding seam is limited, and the method can cause the thinning effect on the thickness of the welding seam, so that the bearing performance of the joint is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the background technology and provides a split friction stir welding tool and a welding method for weakening joint textures. The split friction stir welding tool is provided with the inner stirring head and the outer stirring head which move relatively and independently, and the inner stirring head and the outer stirring head realize reverse differential rotation under the drive of different main shafts and are matched with the groove structures of the lower end surfaces of the split friction stir welding tool, so that the strain form of thermoplastic metal is complicated on one hand; on the other hand, the strain rate of the thermoplastic metal is improved, the activation of a non-basal plane sliding system is promoted, and the texture of the joint is weakened. Meanwhile, the edge of the inner concave lower end surface of the outer stirring head, the surface of the metal plate and the side wall of the inner stirring head form a closed cavity, so that overflowed thermoplastic metal can be temporarily stored, in the welding process, the thermoplastic metal stored in the closed space is refilled to a thinning area behind the inner stirring head under the upsetting action of the outer stirring head, the overflow loss of the thermoplastic metal is avoided, and finally the friction stir connector with the same thickness as the base metal, randomized grain orientation, low texture strength and excellent mechanical property is obtained.
Therefore, the invention provides a split type friction stir welding tool which is provided with an outer stirring head and an inner stirring head, wherein the center of the outer stirring head is provided with a stirring cavity, the inner stirring head is arranged in the stirring cavity, the outer stirring head and the inner stirring head can move relatively and independently, the lower end face of the inner stirring head is provided with a concentric annular groove, the outer stirring head is provided with an inner concave lower end face, and the inner concave lower end face is provided with a vortex-shaped groove.
Preferably, the lower end surface of the inner stirring head protrudes 0.3-0.5mm compared with the inner concave end surface of the outer stirring head.
Preferably, the depth of the concentric annular grooves is 0.2-0.5mm, and the width of the concentric annular grooves is 0.6-1.0mm.
Preferably, the concave angle of the concave end face is 5-15 degrees, the depth of the vortex groove is 0.2-0.5mm, and the width of the vortex groove is 0.6-1.0mm.
Meanwhile, the invention provides a welding method for weakening joint texture, which utilizes the split friction stir welding tool, and comprises the following specific steps:
the inner stirring head and the outer stirring head of the split type friction stir welding tool are respectively connected with two main shafts of the friction stir welding machine, the split type friction stir welding tool is driven to rotate and press into the metal plate, weld metal reaches a thermoplastic state, the inner stirring head and the outer stirring head are driven by the two main shafts to reversely rotate in a differential mode, the thermoplastic metal flows reversely and differentially along a concentric annular groove of the inner stirring head and a vortex-shaped groove of the outer stirring head respectively, thermoplastic metal extruded by the inner stirring head overflows into a closed cavity formed by an inner concave lower end face of the outer stirring head, the surface of the metal plate and the side wall of the inner stirring head, and thermoplastic metal stored in the closed cavity in the welding process is backfilled into a thinning area behind the inner stirring head until welding is finished.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the inner stirring head is 400-800rpm, the rotation speed of the outer stirring head is 200-600rpm, the rotation directions of the inner stirring head and the outer stirring head are opposite, and the rotation speeds are 100-400rpm.
Preferably, the lower end face of the inner stirring head is pressed into the metal plate by 0.3-0.5mm, and the outer edge of the inner concave lower end face of the outer stirring head is contacted with the surface of the metal plate.
Preferably, prior to welding, the sheet metal is mechanically polished and surface treated with a chemical agent.
Preferably, the chemical reagent is absolute ethanol or acetone solution.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The split friction stir welding tool is provided with the inner stirring head and the outer stirring head which rotate independently, and the lower end surface of the inner stirring head is provided with the concentric annular groove, so that the metal material is promoted to flow along the direction of the concentric annular groove, and the overflow amount of the metal material is reduced; the inner concave lower end surface of the outer stirring head is provided with a vortex-shaped groove, so that the metal material is promoted to flow along the direction of the vortex-shaped groove, and the metal material below the outer stirring head is prevented from overflowing to form flash and be thinned. The structural design of the inner stirring head and the outer stirring head is matched with the reverse differential rotation of the inner stirring head and the outer stirring head, so that the strain form of the thermoplastic metal is complicated, the strain rate of the thermoplastic metal can be improved to promote the activation of a non-basal plane sliding system, the texture of the connector is weakened, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the connector is improved. In addition, the lower end face of the inner stirring head is compared with the protruding distance of the inner concave end face of the outer stirring head, so that the split type friction stir welding tool can adapt to welding of metal plates with different thicknesses, is flexible to replace, has high self-adaptability and can be implemented highly.
(2) According to the welding method for weakening the joint texture, the inner stirring head is pressed into the metal plate, thermoplastic metal is extruded by the inner stirring head to overflow, the outer edge of the inner concave end face of the outer stirring head is just attached to the surface of the metal plate, the inner concave end face, the surface of the metal plate and the side wall of the inner stirring head form a closed cavity, the overflow thermoplastic metal can be temporarily stored in the closed cavity, the thermoplastic metal stored in the closed cavity in the welding process is refilled to a thinning area behind the inner stirring head under the top forging action of the outer stirring head, overflow loss of the thermoplastic metal is avoided, a non-thinning welding line is obtained, and the mechanical property of the joint is improved. The invention further simplifies the process flow, improves the efficiency, saves the cost, greatly improves the application breadth and depth of the friction stir welding technology, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a split friction stir welding tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the inner stirring head of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the outer stirring head of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a friction stir welding process using a split friction stir welding tool in accordance with the present invention;
the symbols in the drawings illustrate:
1. a metal plate; 2. an outer stirring head; 21. a vortex-like groove; 22. concave lower end surface; 23. screw holes; 3. an inner stirring head; 31. a concentric annular groove; 32. an external thread; 4 screws.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
Example 1
A split friction stir welding tool is made of tool steel, hard alloy and the like, and the hardness of the tool steel is not lower than that of a metal plate 1. As shown in fig. 1, the stirring device is provided with an outer stirring head 2 and an inner stirring head 3, a stirring cavity is arranged in the center of the outer stirring head 2, the inner stirring head 3 is arranged in the stirring cavity, and the outer stirring head 2 and the inner stirring head 3 can move relatively and independently. The concentric annular grooves 31 are formed in the lower end face of the inner stirring head 3, so that the metal material is promoted to flow along the direction of the concentric annular grooves 31, and the overflow amount of the metal material is reduced; the outer stirring head 2 is provided with an inner concave end face 22, and the inner concave end face 22 is provided with a vortex groove 21, so that the metal material is promoted to flow along the direction of the vortex groove 21, and the metal material below the outer stirring head 2 is prevented from overflowing to form flash and be thinned. The structural design of the inner stirring head 3 and the outer stirring head 2 is matched with the reverse differential rotation of the two, so that the strain form of the thermoplastic metal is complicated, the strain rate of the thermoplastic metal can be improved to promote the activation of a non-basal plane sliding system, the texture of the joint is weakened, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the joint is improved.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-2, the lower end surface of the inner stirring head 2 protrudes 0.3-0.5mm compared with the lower end surface of the outer stirring head 3, so that the split type friction stir welding tool can adapt to welding of metal plates 1 with different thicknesses, is flexible to replace, has strong self-adaptability and high implementation degree. Concentric annular grooves 31 on the lower end surface of the inner stirring head 3 are distributed concentrically along the central axis of the inner stirring head 3, and have the depth of 0.2-0.5mm and the width of 0.6-1.0mm; the top end of the inner stirring head 3 is provided with an external thread 32 which is used for being matched and connected with the main shaft.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the outer stirring head 2 is provided with an inward concave end face 22, the inward concave angle is 5-15 degrees, the vortex grooves 21 of the inward concave end face 22 are distributed in a circumferential array along the central axis of the outer stirring head 2, the depth is 0.2-0.5mm, and the width is 0.6-1.0mm; the whole body of the outer stirring head 2 is uniformly provided with a plurality of screw holes 23, and the screw 4 is matched and connected with the main shaft.
Example 2 a welding method for weakening joint texture, comprising the following specific method steps:
in this embodiment, the lower end surface of the inner stirring head 2 is 0.4mm protruding from the inner concave end surface 22 of the outer stirring head 3. The depth of the concentric annular groove 31 on the lower end surface of the inner stirring head 3 is 0.4mm, and the width is 0.8mm; the concave angle of the concave end face 22 of the outer stirring head 2 is 10 degrees, the depth of the concave end face 22 is 0.4mm, and the width is 0.8mm.
As shown in fig. 4, the arrow direction in fig. 4 is the welding direction.
(1) Preparing a metal plate 1 with the thickness of 1.0-3.0mm, mechanically polishing the surface of the metal plate 1 by using sand paper and an angle grinder to clean an oxide film, and wiping the surface of the metal plate 1 by using a chemical reagent to remove greasy dirt on the surface and prevent reoxidation. Wherein the chemical reagent is absolute ethanol or acetone solution. The metal plate 1 is a metal plate 1 with a close-packed hexagonal structure such as magnesium alloy and alpha-titanium alloy.
(2) The method comprises the steps of fixing a metal plate 1 on a horizontal workbench of a welding machine by using a proper fixture, connecting an inner stirring head 2 and an outer stirring head 3 of a split type friction stir welding tool with two main shafts of the friction stir welding machine respectively, calibrating the space position of the split type friction stir welding tool to enable the space position to be located right above a welding starting position of the metal plate 1, and presetting the moving track of the split type friction stir welding tool.
(3) Starting a friction stir welding machine to drive a split friction stir welding tool to be rotationally pressed into the metal plate 1 from the position right above a welding starting position of the metal plate 1, so that weld metal reaches a thermoplastic state, and driving thermoplastic metal below the split friction stir welding tool to reversely and differentially flow along concentric annular grooves 31 of the inner stirring head 3 and vortex grooves 21 of the outer stirring head 2 respectively by reversely and differentially rotating an inner stirring head 3 and an outer stirring head 2 of the split friction stir welding tool, thereby increasing the complexity of metal material flowing in the welding process. Specifically, the rotation speed of the inner stirring head 3 was 600rpm, the rotation speed of the outer stirring head 2 was 200rpm, the rotation directions of the inner stirring head 3 and the outer stirring head 2 were opposite, and the rotation speeds were different by 400rpm.
Setting the split friction stir welding tool to move to a welding end position along a preset track at a moving speed of 50-200 mm/min. In the welding process, the inner stirring head 3 is pressed into the metal plate 1 by 0.4mm, thermoplastic metal is extruded by the inner stirring head 3 and overflows, the outer edge of the inner concave end face 22 of the outer stirring head 2 is just attached to the surface of the metal plate 1, and a closed cavity is formed between the outer edge of the inner concave end face 22 of the outer stirring head 2 and the surface of the metal plate 1 and the side wall of the inner stirring head 3 so as to temporarily store the overflowed thermoplastic metal. In the process of moving the split friction stir welding tool along the welding direction, the thermoplastic metal stored in the closed cavity is backfilled to a thinning area behind the inner stirring head 3 under the upsetting action of the concave end face 22 of the outer stirring head 2, so that the overflow loss of the thermoplastic metal is avoided, a non-thinning welding seam is obtained, the welding seam is placed in air and cooled to room temperature, and finally the friction stir welding head with the same thickness as a base metal, random grain orientation, low texture strength and excellent mechanical property is obtained.
Example 3 a welding method for weakening joint texture, comprising the specific steps of:
unlike example 2, in this example, the lower end face of the inner stirring head 2 is projected by 0.3mm as compared with the concave end face 22 of the outer stirring head 3. The depth of the concentric annular groove 31 on the lower end surface of the inner stirring head 3 is 0.2mm, and the width is 0.6mm; the concave angle of the concave end face 22 of the outer stirring head 2 is 5 degrees, the depth of the concave end face 22 is 0.2mm, and the width is 0.6mm.
The rotation speed of the inner stirring head 2 is 400rpm, the rotation speed of the outer stirring head 3 is 300rpm, the rotation directions of the inner stirring head 2 and the outer stirring head 3 are opposite, and the rotation speeds are different by 100rpm.
The lower end face of the inner stirring head 2 was pressed into the metal plate 1 by 0.5mm. And after the welding is finished, the friction stir welding head with the same thickness as the base material, randomized grain orientation, low texture strength and excellent mechanical property is finally obtained.
Example 4 a welding method for weakening joint texture, comprising the specific steps of:
unlike example 2, in this example, the lower end face of the inner stirring head 2 is projected by 0.5mm as compared with the concave end face 22 of the outer stirring head 3. The depth of the concentric annular groove 31 on the lower end surface of the inner stirring head 3 is 0.5mm, and the width is 1.0mm; the concave angle of the concave end face 22 of the outer stirring head 2 is 15 degrees, the depth of the concave end face 22 is 0.5mm, and the width is 1.0mm.
The rotation speed of the inner stirring head 3 is 800rpm, the rotation speed of the outer stirring head 2 is 600rpm, the rotation directions of the inner stirring head 3 and the outer stirring head 2 are opposite, and the rotation speeds are different by 200rpm. In addition, the lower end face of the inner stirring head 3 is pressed into the metal plate 1 by 0.3mm. And after the welding is finished, the friction stir welding head with the same thickness as the base material, randomized grain orientation, low texture strength and excellent mechanical property is finally obtained.
In summary, in the split friction stir welding tool of the present invention, the inner stirring head 3 and the outer stirring head 2 which rotate independently are provided, the concentric annular groove 31 is provided on the lower end surface of the inner stirring head 3, so that the metal material is promoted to flow along the direction of the concentric annular groove 31, and the overflow amount of the metal material is reduced; the concave lower end surface 22 of the outer stirring head 2 is provided with a vortex groove 21, so that the metal material is promoted to flow along the direction of the vortex groove 21, and the metal material below the outer stirring head 2 is prevented from overflowing to form flash and be thinned. The structural design of the inner stirring head 3 and the outer stirring head 2 is matched with the reverse differential rotation of the two, so that the strain form of the thermoplastic metal is complicated, the strain rate of the thermoplastic metal can be improved to promote the activation of a non-basal surface sliding system, the texture of the joint is weakened, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the joint is improved. In addition, the lower end face of the inner stirring head 3 is protruded from the inner concave lower end face 22 of the outer stirring head 2, so that the split type friction stir welding tool can adapt to welding of metal plates 1 with different thicknesses, is flexible to replace, has strong self-adaptability and can be implemented with high degree.
In the welding method for weakening the joint texture, the inner stirring head 3 is pressed into the metal plate 1, thermoplastic metal is extruded by the inner stirring head 3 to overflow, the outer edge of the inner concave lower end face 22 of the outer stirring head 2 is just attached to the surface of the metal plate 1, the inner concave lower end face 22, the surface 1 of the metal plate and the side wall of the inner stirring head 3 form a closed cavity, the overflow thermoplastic metal can be temporarily stored, the thermoplastic metal stored in the cavity in the welding process is refilled to a thinning area behind the inner stirring head 3 under the upsetting action of the outer stirring head 2, the overflow loss of the thermoplastic metal is avoided, no thinning welding seam is obtained, and finally the friction stir welding head with the same thickness as a base metal and relatively random grain orientation and excellent mechanical property is obtained. The invention further simplifies the process flow, improves the efficiency, saves the cost, greatly improves the application breadth and depth of the friction stir welding technology, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present application is not intended to be limiting, but is intended to cover any and all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a split type friction stir welding utensil, its is equipped with outer stirring head and interior stirring head, characterized by, outer stirring head center is equipped with the stirring chamber, interior stirring head sets up in the stirring chamber, outer stirring head and interior stirring head can relative independent motion, interior stirring head lower terminal surface is equipped with concentric ring groove, outer stirring head is equipped with concave lower terminal surface, concave lower terminal surface is equipped with vortex groove.
2. The split friction stir welding tool of claim 1 wherein the lower end face of the inner stirring head is 0.3-0.5mm convex as compared to the inner concave end face of the outer stirring head.
3. The split friction stir welding tool of claim 1 wherein the concentric annular grooves have a depth of 0.2-0.5mm and a width of 0.6-1.0mm.
4. The split friction stir welding tool of claim 1 wherein the concave angle of the concave end face is 5-15 °, the depth of the vortex groove is 0.2-0.5mm, and the width of the vortex groove is 0.6-1.0mm.
5. A method of welding with weakened joint texture, characterized by the use of a split friction stir welding tool according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of:
the inner stirring head and the outer stirring head of the split type friction stir welding tool are respectively connected with two main shafts of the friction stir welding machine, the split type friction stir welding tool is driven to rotate and press into the metal plate, weld metal reaches a thermoplastic state, the inner stirring head and the outer stirring head are driven by the two main shafts to reversely rotate in a differential mode, the thermoplastic metal flows reversely and differentially along a concentric annular groove of the inner stirring head and a vortex-shaped groove of the outer stirring head respectively, thermoplastic metal extruded by the inner stirring head overflows into a closed cavity formed by an inner concave lower end face of the outer stirring head, the surface of the metal plate and the side wall of the inner stirring head, and thermoplastic metal stored in the closed cavity in the welding process is backfilled into a thinning area behind the inner stirring head until welding is finished.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the inner stirring head is rotated at 400-800rpm, the outer stirring head is rotated at 200-600rpm, and the inner stirring head and the outer stirring head are rotated in opposite directions, the rotational speeds differing by 100-400rpm.
7. The method for welding weakened joint textures according to claim 5, wherein the lower end face of the inner stirring head is pressed into the metal plate material by 0.3-0.5mm, and the outer edge of the inner concave end face of the outer stirring head is in contact with the surface of the metal plate material.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein prior to welding, the sheet metal is mechanically polished and surface treated with a chemical agent.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the chemical agent is absolute ethanol or acetone solution.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310426875.7A CN116460413A (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2023-04-17 | Split friction stir welding tool and welding method for weakening joint texture |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310426875.7A CN116460413A (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2023-04-17 | Split friction stir welding tool and welding method for weakening joint texture |
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|---|---|
| CN116460413A true CN116460413A (en) | 2023-07-21 |
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| CN202310426875.7A Pending CN116460413A (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2023-04-17 | Split friction stir welding tool and welding method for weakening joint texture |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116213916A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-06-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | In-situ powder-added friction stir processing tool and processing method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116213916A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-06-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | In-situ powder-added friction stir processing tool and processing method |
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