CN116457485A - 成型性优异的高强度镀锌基钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
成型性优异的高强度镀锌基钢板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种成型性优异的高强度镀锌基钢板及其制造方法。本发明的高强度镀锌基钢板中,以质量%计,包含:C:0.005‑0.009%、Si:0.05%以下、Mn:0.3‑0.8%、P:0.06‑0.09%、S:0.01%以下、N:0.005%以下、S.Al:0.1%以下、Mo:0.05‑0.08%、Ti:0.01‑0.03%、Nb:0.03‑0.045%、Cu:0.06‑0.1%、B:0.0015%以下、余量的Fe和不可避免的杂质,并且C、Ti和Nb满足关系式1,以面积分数计,合金微细组织中的铁素体为95%以上,所述铁素体的晶粒平均尺寸为15μm以下,在1mm×1mm的面积中,6μm以下的超细晶粒具有5‑10%的比例,并且表面纳米硬度值为1‑1.5GPa。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种成型性优异且用于汽车轻量化的超高强度超低碳钢镀覆钢板的制造,更详细地涉及一种优选可以用作汽车外板材料的高强度锌基镀覆钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
作为汽车的外板材料使用通过冲压加工等加工的冷轧钢板,通常要求高成型性。此外,根据防止全球变暖的观点,作为二氧化碳排放管制措施设定新的汽车燃料成本改善目标,并引入低燃料效率汽车税收制度等,并且需要提高汽车的燃油效率。在提高汽车的燃油效率方面,汽车车身的轻量化是有效的手段,根据这种轻量化的观点,要求汽车车身用钢板的薄型化。另外,根据确保汽车车身的安全性的观点,需要汽车车身用钢板的高强度化。作为满足如上所述的钢板的薄型化和高强度化的要求且冲压成复杂的形状的汽车车身用钢板,需要一种具有优异的表面外观和冲压成型性的锌基镀覆高张力钢板。
为了提高汽车用钢板的成型性,包括所谓的IF钢(无间隙原子钢(InterstitialFree Steel)),所述IF钢通过在超低碳冷轧钢板中单独或复合添加Ti或Nb,使固溶C、N、S等固溶元素以碳化物和氮化物形式析出,并提高伸长率和塑性应变比,从而提高成型性。因此,在现有技术中,在炼钢步骤中实现高清洁化,并且通过添加钛等碳氮化物形成元素而析出固溶元素的方法来限制固溶元素引起的时效现象。此外,在高张力钢板中,在钢中包含Si、Mn、P等固溶强化元素以提高钢板的强度。
特别地,在钢中添加P以提高钢板的强度,但P是非常容易偏析的元素,偏析在板坯表面的P通过热轧和冷轧而沿钢板的长度方向伸长,从而在卷材表面形成P的富集层。在该P的富集层中镀覆时合金化延迟,因此这成为在合金化热浸镀锌钢板中发生线型的缺陷的原因。对于该问题,作为将P含量为0.03%以上的钢板作为基材的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的制造方法,为了消除钢板表面的不均匀性,还提出了一种以钢板中的根据P量的消磨量来消磨钢板的表面并在感应加热方式的合金化炉中进行合金化处理的方法(专利文献1)。
在这些现有技术中,为了防止合金化热浸镀锌钢板的线型的缺陷,例如,当使用P含量为0.03%以上的超低碳的添加Ti的钢板时,在连铸步骤中对表面进行3mm以上的火焰表面清理处理,并且在镀覆前的钢板步骤中将表面磨削至5μm以上。因此,防止镀覆后的形状缺陷的发生,从而确保表面质量,但这成为实际收率降低的原因。因此,需要开发一种确保实际收率的同时具有优异的表面外观且可以制造高成型高强度的方法。
[现有技术文献]
(专利文献1)日本专利公开2004-169160号
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种高强度热浸镀锌钢板及其制造方法,其中,在应用于需要成型性的汽车外板的超低碳钢中添加P、Nb和Ti来控制粒度(grain size)分布时,所述钢板具有优异的成型性和鲜映性。
另外,本发明的技术问题并不限定于上述内容。可以从本说明书的全部内容理解本发明的技术问题,本发明所属技术领域的技术人员在理解本发明的附加的技术问题方面没有任何困难。
技术方案
本发明的一个方面涉及一种成型性优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板,以质量%计,所述钢板包含:C:0.005-0.009%、Si:0.05%以下、Mn:0.3-0.8%、P:0.06-0.09%、S:0.01%以下、N:0.005%以下、S.Al:0.1%以下、Mo:0.05-0.08%、Ti:0.01-0.03%、Nb:0.03-0.045%、Cu:0.06-0.1%、B:0.0015%以下、余量的Fe和不可避免的杂质,C、Ti和Nb满足以下关系式1,以面积分数计,合金微细组织中的铁素体为95%以上,所述铁素体的晶粒平均尺寸为15μm以下,在1mm×1mm的面积中,6μm以下的超细晶粒具有5-10%的比例,并且表面纳米硬度值为1-1.5GPa。
[关系式1]
0.05≤[(Nb(48/93))+(Ti(93/48))+(C(12/48))]≤0.065
所述热浸镀锌钢板的拉伸强度可以为440MPa以上,r值可以为1.4以上。
此外,本发明的另一个方面涉及一种制造成型性优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其包括以下工艺:
将满足上述组成成分的钢坯加热至1100-1300℃;
将加热的所述钢坯进行热轧,以使精轧温度为920-970℃,然后在600-650℃的温度下进行收卷以制造热轧钢板;
将收卷的所述热轧钢板进行酸洗后以70-83%的压下率进行冷轧以获得冷轧钢板;
在760-830℃的温度范围内,将所述冷轧钢板进行退火,然后进行热浸镀锌;以及
在500-560℃的温度范围内,将热浸镀锌的钢板进行合金化热处理。
可以利用具有1.0-1.6μm的粗糙度(Ra)的平整轧辊,对合金化热处理的热浸镀锌钢板进行0.6-1.2%的平整轧制。
有益效果
具有如上所述的组成的本发明的热浸镀锌钢板具有优异的成型性和高强度,因此可以稳定地用作汽车外板用钢板。因此,可以将含有P的高强度冷轧钢板在汽车车身中的应用范围扩大到迄今为止尚未应用的部分,例如侧围外板(side outer)等,从而可以进一步促进汽车车身的轻量化。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的实施例中的平均晶粒尺寸为6μm以下的超细晶粒的比例和表面纳米硬度的相关关系的图。
最佳实施方式
以下,对本发明进行说明。
本发明人为了解决上述现有技术的问题而深入研究的结果,确认了在钢中添加作为强碳氮化物形成元素的钛(Ti)和/或铌(Nb)等,通过使碳(C)、氮(N)、硫(S)等固溶元素最小化来确保成型性,同时添加P和Mo等,从而可以制造一种拉伸强度为440MPa级以上的表面质量优异的车外板用高成型高强度钢板,从而完成了本发明。通常,作为汽车外板用钢板,必须具有高张力的同时满足深冲性等冲压成型性。因此,作为本发明的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的基材,使用将超低碳钢作为基础成分并添加作为强化元素的Mn、P等的高张力钢板,以提高加工性。
因此,根据这种观点制造的本发明的成型性优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板,以质量%计,包含:C:0.005-0.009%、Si:0.05%以下、Mn:0.3-0.8%、P:0.06-0.09%、S:0.01%以下、N:0.005%以下、S.Al:0.1%以下、Mo:0.05-0.08%、Ti:0.01-0.03%、Nb:0.03-0.045%、Cu:0.06-0.1%、B:0.0015%以下、余量的Fe和不可避免的杂质,C、Ti和Nb满足以下关系式1,以面积分数计,合金微细组织中的铁素体为95%以上,所述铁素体的晶粒平均尺寸为15μm以下,在1mm×1mm的面积中,6μm以下的超细晶粒具有5-10%的比例,并且表面纳米硬度值为1-1.5GPa。
首先,对构成本发明的热浸镀锌钢板的基材的冷轧钢板的合金成分及其含量的限制理由进行说明。另外,除非另有规定,否则其中的“%”表示“重量%”。
碳(C):0.005-0.009%
C是间隙固溶元素,在冷轧和退火过程中对钢板的织构的形成有很大的影响,为此需要添加至少0.005%以上的C。但是,当钢中的固溶碳量增加时,具有有利于拉拔加工的{111}γ-纤维织构的晶粒的生长受到抑制,并促进具有{110}和{100}织构的晶粒的生长,因此退火板的拉拔性降低。进而,当所述C的含量超过0.009%时,使C析出为碳化物所需的Ti和Nb的含量增加,从而在经济性方面不利,而且形成珠光体等,因此成型性可能会降低。因此,在本发明中,所述C的含量优选限制在0.005-0.009%的范围。
硅(Si):0.05%以下(0%除外)
Si是有助于通过固溶强化来提高强度的元素。当所述Si的含量超过0.05%时,引发表面氧化皮缺陷,从而存在镀覆表面特性降低的问题,因此在本发明中优选将所述Si的含量控制在0.05%以下。
锰(Mn):0.3-0.8%
Mn是固溶强化元素,不仅有助于提高强度,而且起到将钢中的S析出为MnS的作用。当所述Mn的含量小于0.3%时,强度可能降低,另一方面,当所述Mn的含量超过0.8%时,可能会发生氧化物引起的表面问题,因此所述Mn的含量优选限制在0.3-0.8%。
磷(P):0.06-0.09%
P的固溶效果最优异,并且是在不显著损害拉拔性的情况下确保钢的强度的最有效的元素。当所述P的含量小于0.06%时,不能确保所期望的强度,另一方面,当所述P的含量超过0.09%时,可能会发生P偏析引起的二次脆性和表面条纹缺陷,因此所述P的含量优选限制在0.06-0.09%的范围。
钼(Mo):0.05-0.08%
Mo是与P(磷)的亲和力高的元素,起到抑制P偏析的作用。为了在超低碳钢中确保高强度,不可避免地需要使用P,通过添加适量的Mo,可以部分有助于改善P偏析引起的表面缺陷。当所述Mo的含量小于0.05%时,对期望的表面的改善效果不明显,当所述Mo的含量超过0.08%时,价格变贵,导致成本竞争力降低,因此所述Mo的含量优选限制在0.05-0.08%的范围。
硫(S):0.01%以下、氮(N):0.005%以下
S和N是存在于钢中的杂质,不可避免地被添加,为了确保优异的焊接特性,优选将S和N的含量控制地尽可能低。在本发明中,所述S的含量优选控制在0.01%以下,所述N的含量优选控制在0.005%以下。
铝(Al):0.1%以下(0%除外)
Al通过析出AlN来有助于提高钢的拉拔性和延展性。但是,当所述Al的含量超过0.1%时,由于在炼钢操作时形成过多的Al夹杂物,存在发生钢板内部缺陷的问题,因此所述Al的含量优选控制在0.1%以下。
钛(Ti):0.01-0.03%
Ti是在热轧过程中通过与固溶碳和固溶氮反应而析出Ti基碳氮化物,从而大大有助于提高钢板的拉拔性的元素。当所述Ti的含量小于0.01%时,无法使碳氮化物充分析出,因此拉拔性变差,另一方面,当所述Ti的含量超过0.03%时,炼钢操作时难以控制夹杂物,从而可能会发生夹杂物性缺陷,因此所述Ti的含量优选限制在0.01-0.03%的范围。
铌(Nb):0.03-0.045%
Nb是随着热轧时由于溶质拖曳(solute drag)和析出物钉扎(pinning)效应而使得奥氏体区未再结晶区扩大至高温,可以通过轧制和冷却的过程形成非常微细的晶粒(grain)的最有效的元素。当所述Nb的含量小于0.03%时,钢中的奥氏体未再结晶温度区域范围变窄,粒度微细化效果不明显。另一方面,当所述Nb的含量超过0.045%时,高温强度增加,存在难以热轧的问题,因此所述Nb的含量优选限制在0.03-0.045%的范围。
硼(B):0.003%以下(0%除外)
B是为了防止在钢中添加P而引起的二次加工脆性而添加的元素,但当所述B的含量超过0.003%时,伴随钢板的延展性的降低,因此所述B的含量优选限制在0.003%以下。
铜(Cu):0.04-0.1%
Cu是通过炼钢调整钢组成时难以去除的元素,含有微量(例如0.04%以上),但当Cu的含量超过0.1%时,在热浸镀锌钢板中容易产生痕迹,并且导致晶界脆化或成本增加,因此Cu的含量优选限制在0.04-0.1%的范围。
关系式1
在本发明中,需要控制C、Ti和Nb的含量以使由以下关系式1定义的值满足0.05至0.065。本发明中设定这种关系式1的理由是因为对晶粒尺寸的微细化最有效的元素是Ti和Nb,这两种元素以固溶状态和/或以与C结合的析出物的状态影响再结晶行为。因此,为了实现本发明所追求的目的,重要的是控制C、Ti和Nb的含量。
当以下关系式1中定义的值小于0.05时,由于晶粒尺寸的微细化不充分,无法确保期望的强度,或者固溶C增加的同时由于屈服点现象而可能会产生表面条纹缺陷,但当以下关系式1中定义的值超过0.065时,Ti和Nb元素的添加量相对增加的同时存在在成本方面没有竞争力的问题。
[关系式1]
0.05≤[(Nb(48/93))+(Ti(93/48))+(C(12/48))]≤0.065
此外,包含余量的Fe和不可避免的杂质。并不排除添加除上述组成之外的有效的成分。
本发明是C的含量为0.009%以下的超低碳钢基材的热浸镀锌钢板,因此微细组织由铁素体单相组织组成。但是,所述铁素体单相组织还可以包含不可避免地形成的其它组织,因此以面积分数计,本发明的合金微细组织中的铁素体为95%以上,并且少量的珠光体等可以作为残余成分残留。
此外,本发明的作为热浸镀锌钢板的基材的冷轧钢板的微细组织晶粒的平均粒度优选为15μm以下。当所述平均粒度超过15μm以下时,不能充分确保本发明所期望的强度。
此外,在本发明的基材冷轧钢板中,在1mm×1mm的面积中,6μm以下的超细晶粒优选具有5-10%的比例。通过具有这种比例,可以获得一种成型性优异的热浸镀锌钢板。当所述比例小于5%时,不能充分确保本发明所期望的强度,当所述比例超过10%时,强度过度增加的同时伸长率减少,因此存在成型性变差的问题。
此外,考虑到确保表面鲜映性的方面,优选将本发明的冷轧钢板的表面纳米硬度值控制在1-1.5GPa的范围。
接着,对本发明的制造成型性优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板的方法进行说明。
本发明的制造高强度热浸镀锌钢板的方法包括以下工艺:将满足上述组成成分的钢坯加热至1100-1300℃;将加热的所述钢坯进行热轧,以使精轧温度为920-970℃,然后在600-650℃的温度下进行收卷以制造热轧钢板;将收卷的所述热轧钢板进行酸洗后以70-83%的压下率进行冷轧以获得冷轧钢板;在760-830℃的温度范围内,将所述冷轧钢板进行退火,然后进行热浸镀锌;以及在500-560℃的温度范围内,将热浸镀锌的钢板进行合金化热处理。
首先,在本发明中,在1100-1300℃的温度范围内,将具有如上所述的组成成分的钢坯进行加热。当所述加热温度低于1100℃时,由于FM区间的轧制负荷,在生产中可能会出现问题,当所述加热温度超过1300℃时,可能会引起发生表面氧化皮缺陷的问题。
接着,在本发明中,将加热的所述钢坯进行热轧,以使精轧温度为920-970℃,然后在600-650℃的温度下进行收卷以制造热轧钢板。
在本发明中,优选将所述精轧温度限制在920-970℃。当所述精轧温度低于920℃时,在表面部形成粗大晶粒,因此可能会发生材质不均匀的问题,当所述精轧温度超过970℃时,粒度不够微细,最终可能会发生材质不足的问题。
此外,在本发明中,优选将所述收卷温度控制在600-650℃的范围。当所述收卷温度低于600℃时,不形成Ti(Nb)C等析出物,固溶Ti、Nb增加,在退火工艺的加热时微细地析出为TiC、Ti(Nb)C,或者以Ti、Nb固溶状态存在,造成抑制再结晶和晶粒生长的影响,从而在确保期望实现的强度和伸长率方面可能存在问题。另一方面,当所述收卷温度超过630℃时,由于形成二次氧化皮,可能会发生表面差的问题。
并且,在本发明中,在经过用于去除收卷的所述热轧钢板的表面氧化皮的酸洗工艺后,以70-83%的压下率进行冷轧以制造冷轧钢板。当所述冷轧压下率小于70%时,{111}织构无法充分生长,因此存在成型性变差的问题,另一方面,当所述冷轧压下率超过83%时,现场制造时轧辊负荷非常大,导致形状变差,因此存在问题。因此,所述压下率优选限制在70-83%,更优选限制在74-80%。
随后,使如上所述制造的冷轧钢板经过退火工艺并进行热浸镀锌或合金化热浸镀锌。
将冷轧钢板进行退火时,在760-830℃的温度范围内,在再结晶温度以上的温度下进行退火。通过在再结晶温度以上的温度下进行退火,可以去除由于轧制发生的变形,并使其软化,从而可以提高加工性。
退火的所述冷轧钢板可以在连续的热浸镀锌线中直接进行热浸镀锌。
并且,在本发明中,可以对制造的所述热浸镀锌钢板进行合金化热处理。合金化热处理是在进行热浸镀锌后在500-560℃的范围内进行。当所述合金化热处理温度低于500℃时,无法进行充分的合金化,另一方面,当所述合金化热处理温度超过560℃时,合金化过度地进行,镀层脆化,因此可能会引发由于冲压等加工而导致镀层剥离等问题。
此时,在本发明中,根据需要,可以利用具有1.0-1.6μm的粗糙度(Ra)的平整轧辊,对合金化热处理的热浸镀锌钢板进行0.6-1.2%的平整轧制。
具体实施方式
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行详细的说明。
(实施例)
将具有下表1中记载的合金组成的厚度为250mm的钢坯进行再加热至1250℃,然后在如下表2所示的条件下进行热轧、冷轧、连续退火和合金化热浸镀锌,从而制造热浸镀锌钢板。
并且,对于制造的各热浸镀锌钢板,测量拉伸特性、作为深冲加工的指标的r值(兰克福特值)、粒度和分布比,并且测量表面纳米硬度。以下,对其测量方法进行说明。
通过拉伸试验测量YS、TS、T-El。其中,YS、TS、T-El分别表示屈服强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率,拉伸试验中使用根据JIS5号标准取的试片。这些测量的结果,将拉伸强度为440MPa以上的情况视为合格。
另外,对于作为深冲加工的指标的r值的评价,从合金化热浸镀锌钢板在轧制方向的平行方向、45°方向、垂直方向的3个方向取JIS5号拉伸试片,并测量各试片的r值。例如,对于r值的测量,测量在上述拉伸试验中进行15%左右的拉伸变形时的板厚度的变化值和板宽度的变化值,并计算板宽度的变化值与板厚度的变化值的比例。并且,将轧制方向的平行方向的r值设为r0、45°方向的r值设为r45、垂直方向的r值设为r90时,通过数学式A计算各方向的r值。
[数学式A]
A=r0+2*r45+r90/4
并且,对于粒度及其分布,通过EBSD测量并利用TSL OIM分析软件进行评价。此外,表面纳米硬度是通过表面电抛光预处理后以500nm的深度的压痕测量的值。通过观察总共5个位置,平均值优选为1-1.5GPa。
[表1]
*在表1中,所有钢种中的Al和N的含量分别为0.02%和0.0005%的范围,并且余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
[表2]
[表3]
如所述表1至表3所示,可以确认钢的组成成分和镀覆钢板的制造工艺条件满足本发明的范围的发明例1至发明例6显示出优异的拉伸特性、r值、超细晶粒的比例和表面纳米硬度。
另一方面,比较例1至比较例4是钢的组成成分满足本发明的范围但镀覆钢板的制造工艺不在本发明的范围内的情况。
具体地,在比较例1和比较例3中,以高至830℃以上的退火温度操作的同时晶粒尺寸不够微细,因此无法确保期望的拉伸强度和表面纳米硬度值。并且,在比较例2和比较例4中,热轧工艺中的精轧出口温度(Finish Mill Delivery Temperature,FDT)为Ar3温度以下的情况下操作,表层的粒度增大,导致最终退火组织中微粒的比例低,因此无法确保期望的表面纳米硬度。
此外,可知钢的组成成分和镀覆钢板的制造工艺条件均不在本发明的范围内的比较例5至比较例7不满足超细晶粒的比例的同时也没有达到表面纳米硬度值,因此不能确保期望的强度。特别地,可知比较例6中的退火温度过低,未发生充分的再结晶,因此满足超细晶粒的分数和强度,但不满足伸长率和成型性r值。
并且,比较例8是钢的组成成分中的关系式1不在本发明的范围内的情况,可以确认通过本发明的制造镀覆钢板的工艺制造镀覆钢板的情况下,也无法确保充分的微细晶粒的分数,并且无法确保所期望的表面纳米硬度值。
另外,图1是示出本发明的实施例中的平均晶粒尺寸为6μm以下的超细晶粒的比例和表面纳米硬度的相关关系的图。
如上所述,本发明的详细的说明中对本发明的优选的实施例进行了说明,但本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本发明的范畴的情况下进行各种变形。因此,本发明的权利范围并不局限于所说明的实施例,应由权利要求书及其等同物确定。
Claims (4)
1.一种成型性优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板,以质量%计,所述钢板包含:C:0.005-0.009%、Si:0.05%以下、Mn:0.3-0.8%、P:0.06-0.09%、S:0.01%以下、N:0.005%以下、S.Al:0.1%以下、Mo:0.05-0.08%、Ti:0.01-0.03%、Nb:0.03-0.045%、Cu:0.06-0.1%、B:0.0015%以下、余量的Fe和不可避免的杂质,并且C、Ti和Nb满足以下关系式1,
以面积分数计,合金微细组织中的铁素体为95%以上,所述铁素体的晶粒平均尺寸为15μm以下,在1mm×1mm的面积中,6μm以下的超细晶粒具有5-10%的比例,并且表面纳米硬度值为1-1.5GPa,
[关系式1]
0.05≤[(Nb(48/93))+(Ti(93/48))+(C(12/48))]≤0.065。
2.根据权利要求1所述的成型性优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板,其特征在于,所述热浸镀锌钢板的拉伸强度为440MPa以上,r值为1.4以上。
3.一种制造成型性优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其包括以下工艺:
将钢坯加热至1100-1300℃,以质量%计,所述钢坯包含:C:0.005-0.009%、Si:0.05%以下、Mn:0.3-0.8%、P:0.06-0.09%、S:0.01%以下、N:0.005%以下、S.Al:0.1%以下、Mo:0.05-0.08%、Ti:0.01-0.03%、Nb:0.03-0.045%、Cu:0.06-0.1%、B:0.0015%以下、余量的Fe和不可避免的杂质,并且C、Ti和Nb满足以下关系式1;
将加热的所述钢坯进行热轧,以使精轧温度为920-970℃,然后在600-650℃的温度下进行收卷以制造热轧钢板;
将收卷的所述热轧钢板进行酸洗后以70-83%的压下率进行冷轧以获得冷轧钢板;
在760-830℃的温度范围内,将所述冷轧钢板进行退火,然后进行热浸镀锌;以及
在500-560℃的温度范围内,将热浸镀锌的钢板进行合金化热处理,[关系式1]
0.05≤[(Nb(48/93))+(Ti(93/48))+(C(12/48))]≤0.065。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制造成型性优异的高强度热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其特征在于,利用具有1.0-1.6μm的粗糙度Ra的平整轧辊,对合金化热处理的热浸镀锌钢板进行0.6-1.2%的平整轧制处理。
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