CN116449153A - Transformer substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system and method - Google Patents
Transformer substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
Abstract
The invention relates to a transformer substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system and method. The system comprises a plurality of monitoring terminals and a monitoring and positioning device, wherein the monitoring terminals are respectively arranged in each grid and are used for monitoring whether suspected discharge occurs in the grid where the monitoring terminals are positioned and returning time-frequency information of a suspected discharge signal when the suspected discharge occurs; the monitoring and positioning device is used for receiving the time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals and starting discharge positioning so as to determine a discharge source. The monitoring terminal comprises an omnidirectional detection sensor, a data acquisition unit, a data analysis unit and a terminal data communication unit. The monitoring and positioning device comprises an antenna sensor array, a system data communication unit and a positioning unit. The method is applied to the system. The invention adopts the scheme of firstly positioning the area and then triggering the accurate positioning, and can accurately and effectively position the discharge source by adopting the mode of grading detection and centralized positioning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of on-line monitoring of power equipment, and particularly relates to a system and a method for monitoring and positioning partial discharge of a transformer substation in a grading manner.
Background
The transformer substation is an important place for electric energy conversion and distribution of an electric power system, and the operation health degree of equipment in the transformer substation directly influences the operation quality of the whole power grid. Sudden insulation accidents are one of the important causes of power equipment failure, and prevention thereof is a core goal of equipment operation and maintenance management. The ubiquitous partial discharge before breakdown of the insulation of the device is an important sign of insulation degradation. Detection of partial discharge has become an important means of assessing the operational state of equipment and early warning the equipment of sudden insulation failure. Currently, online monitoring of partial discharge has been widely used in power systems, which, while effectively improving the level of equipment management, gradually exposes the following problems.
The ultrahigh frequency (ultra high frequency, UHF) method has the advantages of wide coverage range, high sensitivity, capability of identifying and positioning a discharge source and the like, and becomes a focus and a hot spot of research in the field of domestic and foreign partial discharge detection in recent twenty years.
In recent years, philip Moore et al of Strath clyde university in UK propose the thought of ultrahigh frequency array space positioning, and 4 ultrahigh frequency sensors form a sensing array to realize detection and space positioning of a discharge source in the whole transformer substation. The system has a simple structure, and fully utilizes the advantages of high sensitivity and wide coverage range of the ultrahigh frequency technology. Compared with the existing on-line monitoring and electrified detection equipment, the on-line monitoring and electrified detection equipment has obvious advantages in the aspect of economy while meeting the requirements of state maintenance work.
The key for realizing accurate positioning of the transformer substation discharge source is effective detection of the discharge signal in the wide area space. Because the general area of the transformer substation is larger, the equipment distribution is also more dispersed, the differentiation of the intensity of the discharge signals is larger, and the signal attenuation under different transmission distances is also different, the parameters (amplification factor, filter bandwidth and the like) of signal processing are difficult to realize self-adaptive adjustment when the discharge signals of unknown points are detected through the discharge source positioning system. In engineering, a fixed multiple amplification method is generally adopted for amplifying the discharge weak signals, so that the problems of insufficient effectiveness, insufficient dynamic range and the like are easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transformer substation partial discharge grading monitoring and positioning system capable of accurately and effectively positioning a discharge source.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system provided in a substation divided into a plurality of grids, the substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system comprising:
the monitoring terminals are respectively arranged in the grids, and are used for monitoring whether suspected discharge occurs in the grids where the monitoring terminals are positioned and returning time-frequency information of suspected discharge signals when the suspected discharge occurs;
and the monitoring and positioning device is communicated with each monitoring terminal and is used for receiving the time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals and starting discharge positioning so as to determine a discharge source.
The monitoring terminal comprises:
the omnidirectional detection sensor is used for collecting space electromagnetic wave signals in the grid;
the data acquisition unit is connected with the omnidirectional detection sensor and is used for acquiring the space electromagnetic wave signal;
the data analysis unit is connected with the data acquisition unit and is used for analyzing the space electromagnetic wave signals to diagnose whether suspected discharge signals exist or not;
the terminal data communication unit is connected with the data analysis unit and is communicated with the monitoring and positioning device and used for returning the video information of the suspected discharge signal to the monitoring and positioning device when the suspected discharge signal exists.
The data acquisition unit comprises a signal amplification module, a signal filtering module, a data acquisition card and a data storage chip which are sequentially connected.
The data analysis module comprises a frequency spectrum analysis circuit for diagnosing whether the abnormal frequency band signal appears on the space electromagnetic wave signal or not, and a comparison circuit for diagnosing whether the signal-to-noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds a set threshold value, and the suspected discharge signal exists when the abnormal frequency band signal appears on the space electromagnetic wave signal or the signal-to-noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds the threshold value.
The monitoring and positioning device comprises:
the antenna sensor array is used for detecting space discharge signals in the transformer substation;
the system data communication unit is used for communicating with the monitoring terminal to receive the time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals and communicating with a remote monitoring center;
the positioning unit is respectively connected with the antenna sensor array and the system data communication unit and is used for controlling the antenna sensor array to receive the space discharge signal and positioning and checking the discharge source based on the space discharge signal so as to obtain a discharge source positioning result.
The antenna sensor array includes N omni-directional antenna sensors, N being an integer greater than or equal to 4.
The positioning unit comprises N synchronous acquisition data cards, MCU connected with each synchronous acquisition data card and a storage unit connected with the MCU.
The invention also provides a transformer substation partial discharge grading monitoring and positioning method capable of accurately and effectively positioning the discharge source, which adopts the scheme that:
the method for monitoring and positioning the partial discharge of the transformer substation in a grading and monitoring and positioning system for the partial discharge of the transformer substation comprises the following steps:
step 1: dividing a transformer substation into a plurality of grids, and respectively deploying the monitoring terminals in each grid;
step 2: monitoring whether the suspected discharge occurs in the grid by using the monitoring terminal, and returning time-frequency information of a suspected discharge signal when the suspected discharge occurs;
step 3: and receiving the time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals by using the monitoring and positioning device, collecting the space discharge signals in the transformer substation, and positioning and checking the discharge source so as to obtain a discharge source positioning result.
In the step 2, the monitoring terminal collects a space electromagnetic wave signal, judges whether to generate suspected discharge based on whether an abnormal frequency band signal appears on the space electromagnetic wave signal or whether the signal to noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds a set threshold, and generates suspected discharge when the abnormal frequency band signal appears on the space electromagnetic wave signal or the signal to noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds the threshold.
In the step 3, after the monitoring and positioning device adjusts the data conditioning parameters, the space discharge signal is conditioned; and the monitoring and positioning device is used for positioning the discharge source based on a time arrival method to obtain positioning points, and checking the positioning points by combining the detection result of the monitoring terminal, and if the positioning points are positioned in grids with suspected discharge, the discharge source is successfully positioned.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention adopts the scheme of firstly positioning the area and then triggering the accurate positioning, and can accurately and effectively position the discharge source by adopting the mode of grading detection and centralized positioning.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a monitoring terminal in the substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the components of the monitoring and positioning device in the substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning method.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of substation area division in the substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings.
Embodiment one: a substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system arranged in a substation divided into a plurality of grids comprises a plurality of monitoring terminals and a monitoring and positioning device. The monitoring terminals are respectively arranged in the grids and are used for monitoring whether the suspected discharge occurs in the grids, and returning time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals when the suspected discharge occurs. The monitoring and positioning device is communicated with each monitoring terminal and is used for receiving the time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals and starting discharge positioning so as to determine a discharge source.
As shown in fig. 1, the monitoring terminal comprises an omnidirectional detection sensor, a data acquisition unit, a data analysis unit and a terminal data communication unit. The omnidirectional detection sensor is used for collecting space electromagnetic wave signals in the grid, and the working frequency of the omnidirectional detection sensor is covered with one or more frequency band intervals in 300-3000 MHz. The data acquisition unit is connected with the omnidirectional detection sensor and is used for acquiring the space electromagnetic wave signals. The data acquisition unit comprises a signal amplification module, a signal filtering module, a data acquisition card, a data storage chip and the like which are connected in sequence. The data analysis unit is connected with the data acquisition unit and is used for analyzing the space electromagnetic wave signal to diagnose whether a suspected discharge signal exists or not. The data analysis module comprises a frequency spectrum analysis circuit for diagnosing whether the space electromagnetic wave signal has an abnormal frequency band signal or not, and a comparison circuit for diagnosing whether the signal-to-noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds a set threshold value, and a suspected discharge signal exists when the space electromagnetic wave signal has the abnormal frequency band signal or the signal-to-noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds the threshold value. The terminal data communication unit is connected with the data analysis unit and is communicated with the monitoring and positioning device, and is used for returning the suspected discharge signal video information to the monitoring and positioning device when the suspected discharge signal exists, and the terminal data communication unit can adopt a wired or wireless communication mode.
As shown in fig. 2, the monitoring and positioning device comprises an antenna sensor array, a system data communication unit and a positioning unit. The antenna sensor array is used for detecting space discharge signals in the transformer substation and comprises N omnidirectional antenna sensors, N is an integer greater than or equal to 4, the working frequency range of the sensors covers one or more frequency range sections in 300-3000MHz, and the general working frequency range comprises the working frequency range of the monitoring terminal sensor. The system data communication unit is used for communicating with the monitoring terminal to receive the time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signal and communicating with the remote monitoring center, and a wired or wireless communication mode can be adopted. The positioning unit is respectively connected with the antenna sensor array and the system data communication unit and is used for controlling the antenna sensor array to receive the space discharge signal and positioning and checking the discharge source based on the space discharge signal so as to obtain a discharge source positioning result. The positioning unit comprises N synchronous acquisition data cards, MCU connected with each synchronous acquisition data card and a storage unit connected with the MCU.
The method for monitoring and positioning the partial discharge of the transformer substation in the system for monitoring and positioning the partial discharge of the transformer substation in a grading manner comprises the following steps:
step 1: dividing a transformer substation into a plurality of grids, and respectively deploying monitoring terminals in each grid;
step 2: monitoring whether the suspected discharge occurs in the grid by using a monitoring terminal, and returning time-frequency information of a suspected discharge signal when the suspected discharge occurs;
step 3: and receiving time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals by using the monitoring and positioning device, collecting space discharge signals in the transformer substation, and positioning and checking the discharge source so as to obtain a discharge source positioning result.
The specific steps are shown in the accompanying figure 3:
1) And carrying out grid division on the transformer substation according to parameters such as the scale of the transformer substation, the distribution condition of the equipment, the importance level of the equipment, the type of the equipment and the like. Fig. 4 is an example of substation area division. In actual division, the transformer substation can be divided into a plurality of rectangular areas according to planar layout, and the division standard is determined according to actual requirements, for example, 220kV, 110kV and 35kV areas according to voltage levels. According to the function of the device, the device is divided into a switch area, a voltage transformation area, a coil area and the like.
2) And installing a monitoring terminal in each grid, periodically acquiring space electromagnetic wave signals in the grid area by using the monitoring terminal, and analyzing the time-frequency characteristics of the signals.
3) And judging whether the grid area has suspected discharge or not, if so, returning the time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals to the space positioning system.
Specifically, the monitoring terminal collects the space electromagnetic wave signal, and the judgment of whether the suspected discharge exists is based on the following two methods:
a. judging whether the suspected discharge occurs or not based on whether the space electromagnetic wave signal has an abnormal frequency band signal or not, and when the space electromagnetic wave signal has the abnormal frequency band signal, carrying out spectrum analysis on the signal, if the signal with the sudden increase of the abnormal frequency band is found, the acquired signal can be considered to be the suspected discharge.
b. Judging whether the suspected discharge occurs or not based on whether the signal-to-noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds a set threshold value, and when the signal-to-noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds the threshold value, carrying out the suspected discharge, namely analyzing based on the number of abnormal discharge pulses in unit time, specifically using the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected pulse signal, and if the signal-to-noise ratio is larger than the set threshold value, considering the collected pulse as the suspected discharge pulse. The calculation formula of the discharge electric noise ratio K is shown as follows (1):
in the formula (1), V f Amplitude (peak value) of the ultrahigh frequency signal; v (V) n Is the average value of the detected background noise.
4) The monitoring and positioning device calculates the approximate azimuth coordinates, the amplitude and the frequency band of the signals according to the time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals returned by the terminal.
5) After the monitoring and positioning device adjusts the data conditioning parameters, the space discharge signals are conditioned, namely, the monitoring and positioning device adjusts the signal acquisition parameters, including signal amplification factors, filter frequency bands and the like, and the sensor array is used for acquiring discharge pulses of the discharge source.
For the direct Path between the partial discharge source and the antenna sensor, the propagation Loss of the direct Path may be determined by the free space Path Loss (PL) since no obstruction is encountered during propagation.
PL＝-27.55+20lgL+20lgf-G (2)
In the formula (2), L is the propagation distance of the electromagnetic wave, the unit is m, f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, the unit is MHz, and G is the gain of the sensor, the unit is dB.
The attenuation multiple of the signal from the discharge point to the acquisition unit of the positioning system can be obtained through the PL value, and can be used for selecting the multiple of signal conditioning and amplification to realize the detection of the high dynamic range of the signal.
6) The monitoring and positioning device is used for positioning the discharge source based on a time arrival method to obtain positioning points, and checking is carried out by combining the detection result of the monitoring terminal, and if the positioning points are positioned in grids where suspected discharge occurs, the discharge source is successfully positioned.
Positioning of the discharge source is generally based on a time arrival method (TDOA method), i.e. a plurality of sensors collect a single pulse electromagnetic wave simultaneously, and positioning is performed by using simultaneous equations by using the time difference of arrival of the electromagnetic wave at each antenna.
7) And outputting a positioning result.
The scheme adopts the thought of hierarchical positioning, including regional positioning and accurate positioning. The regional positioning is realized by a monitoring terminal, and the accurate positioning is realized by an antenna sensor array. The regional positioning in the scheme is realized through space partial discharge detection diagnosis, namely whether a suspected discharge signal exists in the region or not is judged, and if the suspected discharge signal exists in the region, the region is considered to be positioned. In the scheme, the accurate positioning is realized by synchronously acquiring suspected discharge signals through an antenna sensor array, namely positioning based on a time arrival method (TDOA), and comparing the result with a regional positioning result. The acquisition parameters of the monitoring and positioning device are mainly determined by monitoring data of the partial discharge monitoring terminal, namely the monitoring terminal transmits the data of suspected discharge signal intensity, frequency spectrum range and the like back to the monitoring and positioning device, and the monitoring and positioning device determines the acquisition parameters such as acquisition frequency, amplification factor, filter bandwidth and the like according to the interval position of a discharge point and the time-frequency characteristic of a discharge signal.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the patent has the following advantages:
1. the application of the method improves the accuracy of the partial discharge positioning of the transformer substation space, and achieves the pertinence of positioning detection by a hierarchical positioning method compared with the traditional antenna array positioning;
2. the detection dynamic range can be adaptively adjusted, the detection result of the area and the positioning result of the antenna array are mutually verified, and the accuracy of detection and positioning is improved;
3. the positioning step in the patent adopts a method of firstly positioning the area and then triggering the accurate positioning, the antenna sensor array does not need to work in real time, and massive ultrahigh frequency data acquisition (the data acquisition card of the current antenna sensor array accurate positioning system is a plurality of GHz sampling rate, the redundancy of long-term data acquisition is serious, the efficiency is low and the power consumption of the device is larger) is avoided.
The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a hierarchical monitoring positioning system of partial discharge of transformer substation, sets up in the transformer substation that divides into a plurality of grids, its characterized in that: the substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system comprises:
the monitoring terminals are respectively arranged in the grids, and are used for monitoring whether suspected discharge occurs in the grids where the monitoring terminals are positioned and returning time-frequency information of suspected discharge signals when the suspected discharge occurs;
and the monitoring and positioning device is communicated with each monitoring terminal and is used for receiving the time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals and starting discharge positioning so as to determine a discharge source.
2. The substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system according to claim 1, wherein: the monitoring terminal comprises:
the omnidirectional detection sensor is used for collecting space electromagnetic wave signals in the grid;
the data acquisition unit is connected with the omnidirectional detection sensor and is used for acquiring the space electromagnetic wave signal;
the data analysis unit is connected with the data acquisition unit and is used for analyzing the space electromagnetic wave signals to diagnose whether suspected discharge signals exist or not;
the terminal data communication unit is connected with the data analysis unit and is communicated with the monitoring and positioning device and used for returning the video information of the suspected discharge signal to the monitoring and positioning device when the suspected discharge signal exists.
3. The substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system according to claim 2, wherein: the data acquisition unit comprises a signal amplification module, a signal filtering module, a data acquisition card and a data storage chip which are sequentially connected.
4. The substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system according to claim 2, wherein: the data analysis module comprises a frequency spectrum analysis circuit for diagnosing whether the abnormal frequency band signal appears on the space electromagnetic wave signal or not, and a comparison circuit for diagnosing whether the signal-to-noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds a set threshold value, and the suspected discharge signal exists when the abnormal frequency band signal appears on the space electromagnetic wave signal or the signal-to-noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds the threshold value.
5. The substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system according to claim 1, wherein: the monitoring and positioning device comprises:
the antenna sensor array is used for detecting space discharge signals in the transformer substation;
the system data communication unit is used for communicating with the monitoring terminal to receive the time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals and communicating with a remote monitoring center;
the positioning unit is respectively connected with the antenna sensor array and the system data communication unit and is used for controlling the antenna sensor array to receive the space discharge signal and positioning and checking the discharge source based on the space discharge signal so as to obtain a discharge source positioning result.
6. The substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system according to claim 5, wherein: the antenna sensor array includes N omni-directional antenna sensors, N being an integer greater than or equal to 4.
7. The substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system according to claim 6, wherein: the positioning unit comprises N synchronous acquisition data cards, MCU connected with each synchronous acquisition data card and a storage unit connected with the MCU.
8. A substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning method applied to the substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized in that: the method for monitoring and positioning the partial discharge of the transformer substation in a grading manner comprises the following steps:
step 1: dividing a transformer substation into a plurality of grids, and respectively deploying the monitoring terminals in each grid;
step 2: monitoring whether the suspected discharge occurs in the grid by using the monitoring terminal, and returning time-frequency information of a suspected discharge signal when the suspected discharge occurs;
step 3: and receiving the time-frequency information of the suspected discharge signals by using the monitoring and positioning device, collecting the space discharge signals in the transformer substation, and positioning and checking the discharge source so as to obtain a discharge source positioning result.
9. The substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning method according to claim 8, wherein: in the step 2, the monitoring terminal collects a space electromagnetic wave signal, judges whether to generate suspected discharge based on whether an abnormal frequency band signal appears on the space electromagnetic wave signal or whether the signal to noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds a set threshold, and generates suspected discharge when the abnormal frequency band signal appears on the space electromagnetic wave signal or the signal to noise ratio of the space electromagnetic wave signal exceeds the threshold.
10. The substation partial discharge hierarchical monitoring and positioning method according to claim 8, wherein: in the step 3, after the monitoring and positioning device adjusts the data conditioning parameters, the space discharge signal is conditioned; and the monitoring and positioning device is used for positioning the discharge source based on a time arrival method to obtain positioning points, and checking the positioning points by combining the detection result of the monitoring terminal, and if the positioning points are positioned in grids with suspected discharge, the discharge source is successfully positioned.
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