CN116447498A - Vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116447498A CN116447498A CN202310459020.4A CN202310459020A CN116447498A CN 116447498 A CN116447498 A CN 116447498A CN 202310459020 A CN202310459020 A CN 202310459020A CN 116447498 A CN116447498 A CN 116447498A
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- liquid hydrogen
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- vaporizer
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 11
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 tetradecane-dodecanol Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfate decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
- B60K15/067—Mounting of tanks
- B60K15/07—Mounting of tanks of gas tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system, which comprises a liquid hydrogen container, a self-pressurization system and the like, wherein the outer layer of the liquid hydrogen container is coated with a cold storage material; the liquid hydrogen container comprises an inner container, a high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation layer, an intermediate metal wall, a cold storage material filling layer and an outer container; a high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation layer is arranged between the middle metal wall and the inner container, and a cold storage material filling layer is arranged in an interlayer between the middle metal wall and the outer container; the cold energy storage characteristic of cold storage material is utilized to recycle night cold energy, so that the outer wall surface of the high-vacuum multilayer heat insulation layer of the container can be maintained at the temperature level lower than the ambient temperature for a long time when the temperature in the daytime is higher, the temperature difference in the container is effectively reduced, the influence of the day-to-day temperature difference on the daily evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen container is balanced, the nondestructive storage time of the liquid hydrogen in the container is prolonged, the structure is simpler, the technology is easy to realize, and the cost is lower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of efficient storage and energy conservation of hydrogen energy, in particular to a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system.
Background
The low-temperature liquid hydrogen is used as a clean energy source with high energy efficiency, reproducibility, no toxicity and no pollution, and gradually becomes an important carrier for realizing the green transformation development strategy of the energy source in various countries, and at present, the liquid hydrogen is widely applied in the aerospace and military fields and gradually develops to the civil field. In the field of civil hydrogen energy automobiles, at present, liquid hydrogen is not applied to the field of automobiles on a large scale, and one of important factors limiting the large-scale development of the liquid hydrogen is how to realize efficient storage of the liquid hydrogen. In order to reduce the evaporation rate of liquid hydrogen storage, the existing vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen container adopts a high-vacuum multilayer heat insulation technology. The high vacuum multilayer heat insulation method is a passive heat protection technology, and has the effects of reducing convection heat transfer through a vacuum interlayer and reducing radiation heat flow through a multilayer reflecting screen, so that the high-efficiency heat insulation of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen container is realized. However, because the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the liquid hydrogen container is large, the ambient temperature has a large influence on the daily evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen container, the evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen container is increased along with the increase of the temperature, the ambient temperature of the liquid hydrogen container is increased in daytime in the day, the ambient temperature at night is low, and the evaporation rate of the liquid hydrogen container is reduced, so that the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the liquid hydrogen container is reduced, the integral heat leakage is reduced, the daily evaporation rate is reduced to the lowest point, the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen container storage time is prolonged, and the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen container has important significance for the large-scale application of liquid hydrogen fuel cell automobiles.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system capable of reducing the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the liquid hydrogen container, thereby effectively reducing the daily evaporation amount of liquid hydrogen.
An on-board liquid hydrogen storage system comprising:
the liquid hydrogen container comprises an inner container, a high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation layer, an intermediate metal wall, a cold storage material filling layer and an outer container, wherein the high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation layer is sleeved outside the inner container, the intermediate metal wall is sleeved outside the high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation layer, the outer container is sleeved outside the intermediate metal wall, and the cold storage material filling layer is arranged in an interlayer between the intermediate metal wall and the outer container or is coated outside the outer container;
the self-pressurization system is used for vaporizing the liquid hydrogen in the inner container into hydrogen gas so as to adjust the pressure in the inner container;
the inlet end of the liquid hydrogen supply system is communicated with the liquid hydrogen zone;
and the fuel cell system is communicated with the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen supply system, the liquid hydrogen supply system is used for vaporizing the liquid hydrogen in the inner container into hydrogen and delivering the hydrogen to the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system is used for converting the hydrogen into electric energy for driving the automobile to run.
Optionally, the material used for the cold storage material filling layer is a cold storage material, and the cold storage material comprises a phase change material with phase transition characteristics or a single-phase material with large specific heat capacity and fluidity.
Optionally, the self-pressurization system includes a first stop valve and a first vaporizer, an inlet end of the first stop valve is communicated with the liquid hydrogen area, an outlet end of the first stop valve is communicated with an inlet end of the first vaporizer, an outlet end of the first vaporizer is communicated with the air pillow area, and the first vaporizer is used for vaporizing the liquid hydrogen output from the inner container to the first vaporizer into hydrogen.
Optionally, the self-pressurization system further comprises a first electromagnetic valve and a first safety valve, wherein the outlet end of the first vaporizer is communicated with the inlet end of the first electromagnetic valve, the outlet end of the first electromagnetic valve is communicated with the air pillow area, and the outlet end of the first electromagnetic valve is also communicated with the first safety valve.
Optionally, the self-pressurization system further comprises a flowmeter and a first pressure gauge, the flowmeter is arranged on a communication pipeline between the first electromagnetic valve and the first safety valve, and the first pressure gauge is arranged on a communication pipeline between the first electromagnetic valve and the air pillow area.
Optionally, the liquid hydrogen supply system includes second stop valve, second vaporizer, compressor and buffer tank, the entrance point of second stop valve with liquid hydrogen district intercommunication, the exit point of second stop valve with the entrance point of second vaporizer intercommunication, the exit point of second vaporizer with the entrance point of compressor intercommunication, the second vaporizer is used for exporting the inner container to liquid hydrogen gasification in the second vaporizer is hydrogen, the exit point of compressor with the entrance point of buffer tank intercommunication, the exit point of buffer tank with fuel cell system intercommunication, the exit point of compressor still with first relief valve intercommunication.
Optionally, the liquid hydrogen supply system further includes a second electromagnetic valve, a pressure reducing valve and a second safety valve, the outlet end of the buffer tank is communicated with one end of the second electromagnetic valve, the other end of the second electromagnetic valve is communicated with one end of the pressure reducing valve, the other end of the pressure reducing valve is communicated with the fuel cell system, and the other end of the pressure reducing valve is also communicated with the second safety valve.
Optionally, the liquid hydrogen supply system further includes a third stop valve and a third electromagnetic valve, an outlet end of the compressor is communicated with one end of the third stop valve, the other end of the third stop valve is communicated with one end of the third electromagnetic valve, and the other end of the third electromagnetic valve is communicated with the first safety valve.
Optionally, the liquid hydrogen supply system further includes a second pressure gauge, a third pressure gauge and a thermometer, the second pressure gauge is disposed on the buffer tank, and the third pressure gauge and the thermometer are disposed between the pressure reducing valve and the fuel cell system at intervals.
Optionally, the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system further comprises a control system, wherein the control system is electrically connected with the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve respectively, and the control system is used for controlling the opening and closing of the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve.
The application provides a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system, based on original high vacuum multilayer heat insulation structure, has increased one deck cold-storage material filling layer in its outside, and this layer cold-storage material filling layer can be placed alone between outer container and middle metal wall, also can directly wrap up in outer container surface with the form of microcapsule. The outer wall surface of the high-vacuum multilayer heat insulation layer of the traditional liquid hydrogen container adopts a mode of being in direct contact with air, and the temperature of the outer wall surface is close to the temperature of ambient air. According to the invention, the cold storage material filling layer is added outside the high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation layer, so that the temperature of the outer wall surface of the multi-layer heat insulation layer can be maintained at a temperature level similar to that of the cold storage material filling layer. The cold storage material filling layer can utilize the ambient temperature difference between day and night, the cold storage material filling layer releases heat and stores cold energy through the phase change effect when the temperature at night is lower, until the temperature is lower than the phase change point temperature, when the temperature at day is higher, the cold storage material filling layer absorbs ambient heat to gradually raise the temperature until the temperature rises to the phase change point temperature, at the moment, the cold storage material filling layer has the phase change effect, the heat is continuously absorbed, the temperature of the cold storage material filling layer is unchanged, so that the outer wall surface of the high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation layer can be maintained near the phase change temperature point of the cold storage material for a long time, the internal and external temperature difference of the liquid hydrogen container is reduced, the liquid hydrogen evaporation amount of the liquid hydrogen container is effectively reduced, the nondestructive storage time of the liquid hydrogen in the container is prolonged, the cold energy at night is stored through the cold storage material filling layer, natural resources are reasonably utilized, the technology is easy to realize, the cost consumption of a system is reduced, and a new idea is provided for the high-efficiency heat insulation technology of the liquid hydrogen container for a card.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an on-board liquid hydrogen storage system according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic partial structure of an on-board liquid hydrogen storage system in an embodiment.
Part name and number in the figure: 1. a liquid hydrogen container; 11. an inner container; 12. a high vacuum multilayer heat insulating layer; 121. a vacuum layer; 122. a reflective screen; 56. a vacuum pumping port; 57. a bottom support; 59. a hydrogen emission treatment system; 13. a cold storage material filling layer; 14. an outer container; 141. a cold storage material filling port; 142. cold storage material outflow port; 15. an air pillow area; 16. a liquid hydrogen zone; 17. an intermediate metal wall; 181. a fixed end support; 182. a moving end support; 19. a liquid level gauge; 2. a self-pressurization system; 21. a first stop valve; 22. a first vaporizer; 23. a first electromagnetic valve; 24. a first safety valve; 25. a flow meter; 26. a first pressure gauge; 27. a fourth shut-off valve; 3. a liquid hydrogen supply system; 301. a second shut-off valve; 302. a second vaporizer; 303. a compressor; 304. a buffer tank; 305. a second electromagnetic valve; 306. a pressure reducing valve; 307. a second safety valve; 308. a first check valve; 309. a third stop valve; 310. a third electromagnetic valve; 311. a second check valve; 312. a second pressure gauge; 313. a third pressure gauge; 314. a thermometer; 4. a fuel cell system; 5. and a control system.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
Furthermore, the description of "first," "second," etc. in this disclosure is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, "and/or" throughout this document includes three schemes, taking a and/or B as an example, including a technical scheme, a technical scheme B, and a technical scheme that both a and B satisfy; in addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system includes a liquid hydrogen container 1, a self-pressurization system 2, a liquid hydrogen supply system 3, and a fuel cell system 4, the liquid hydrogen container 1 includes an inner container 11, a high vacuum multi-layer heat insulating layer 12, an intermediate metal wall 17, a cold storage material filling layer 13, and an outer container 14, the high vacuum multi-layer heat insulating layer 12 is sleeved outside the inner container 11, the intermediate metal wall 17 is sleeved outside the high vacuum multi-layer heat insulating layer 12, the outer container 14 is sleeved outside the intermediate metal wall 17, and the cold storage material filling layer 13 is disposed in an interlayer between the intermediate metal wall 17 and the outer container 14 or is wrapped outside the outer container 14; the inner container 11 comprises a gas pillow area 15 arranged at the top end of the inner container 11 and a liquid hydrogen area 16 arranged at the bottom end of the inner container 11, wherein the inlet end of the self-pressurization system 2 is communicated with the liquid hydrogen area 16, the outlet end of the self-pressurization system 2 is communicated with the gas pillow area 15, and the self-pressurization system 2 is used for gasifying liquid hydrogen in the inner container 11 into hydrogen so as to adjust the pressure in the inner container 11; the inlet end of the liquid hydrogen supply system 3 is communicated with the liquid hydrogen zone 16; the fuel cell system 4 is communicated with an outlet end of the liquid hydrogen supply system 3, the liquid hydrogen supply system 3 is used for vaporizing the liquid hydrogen in the inner container 11 into hydrogen gas and delivering the hydrogen gas to the fuel cell system 4, and the fuel cell system 4 is used for converting the hydrogen gas into electric energy for driving the automobile to run.
The application provides a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system, wherein a layer of cold storage material filling layer 13 is added to the outer side of a high vacuum multilayer heat insulation layer 12, and the layer of cold storage material filling layer 13 can be independently placed between an outer container 14 and an intermediate metal wall 17 or can be directly coated on the surface of the outer container 14 in a microcapsule mode. The cold storage material filling layer 13 can utilize the environmental temperature difference between day and night, the cold storage material filling layer 13 releases heat and stores cold energy through the phase change effect when the temperature at night is lower, until the temperature of the cold storage material filling layer 13 is lower than the phase change point temperature, when the temperature at day is higher, the cold storage material filling layer absorbs the environmental heat to gradually heat up to the phase change point temperature, at the moment, the cold storage material filling layer has the phase change effect, the heat is continuously absorbed, and the temperature of the cold storage material filling layer is unchanged, so that the outer wall surface (namely the middle metal wall 17) of the high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation layer 12 is kept near the phase change temperature point of the cold storage material for a long time, the internal and external temperature difference of the liquid hydrogen container 1 is reduced, the liquid hydrogen evaporation capacity of the liquid hydrogen container 1 is effectively reduced, the lossless storage time of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen container 1 is prolonged, the cold energy consumption is reasonably utilized when the cold storage at night is realized through the cold storage material filling layer 13, the energy consumption is also reduced, the resource is saved, and the cost consumption of the system is technically easy to realize.
In the present embodiment, the cold storage material filling layer 13 is provided between the intermediate metal wall 17 and the outer container 14.
In the present embodiment, the cold storage material filling layer 13 is made of a phase change material having a phase transition characteristic, and in other embodiments, the cold storage material filling layer 13 may be made of a single-phase material having a large specific heat capacity and fluidity.
Further, the phase change material can be an organic phase change material, an inorganic phase change material and a composite phase change material, and the organic phase change material comprises paraffin, ester acid, high polymer compound and the like. Without any means forThe organic phase change material may include a phase change material formed from sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na 2 SO 4 -10H 2 O) adding other salts with controlled melting point. The composite phase change material can comprise ternary organic composite phase change cold storage materials prepared from 3 raw materials of n-decanoic acid, dodecanol and tetradecane; decanol-lauric acid composite phase change material; tetradecane-dodecanol composite phase change material; octanoic acid-dodecanol composite phase change material, etc.
The single-phase material having a large specific heat capacity and fluidity may be brine, ethylene glycol, gasoline, or the like.
Specifically, the intermediate metal wall 17 is used for separating the high-vacuum multilayer heat insulating layer 12 and the cold storage material filling layer 13, the high-vacuum multilayer heat insulating layer 12 is in a high-vacuum state, the cold storage material filling layer 13 is in a micro-positive pressure state, and the intermediate metal wall is also used for supporting the cold storage material filling layer 13.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the high vacuum multi-layered heat insulating layer 12 includes a vacuum layer 121, a plurality of reflection screens 122 and spacers, the vacuum layer 121 is disposed between the inner container 11 and the intermediate metal wall 17, the plurality of reflection screens 122 are disposed in the vacuum layer 121 at intervals, and the spacers are filled in interlayers formed by adjacent two of the reflection screens 122. To inhibit heat conduction of the internal gas.
In particular, the spacers may be a low thermal conductivity material to reduce thermal conduction between solids, and the vacuum layer 121 serves to eliminate convective heat transfer from the gas and thermal conduction between the vast majority of the gases.
Further, a vacuum-pumping port 56 is formed on the outer side wall of the middle metal wall 17 for evacuating the vacuum layer.
Specifically, the outer wall surface of the outer container 14 is further provided with a cold storage material filling port 141 and a cold storage material outlet port 142 to supplement and take out the cold storage material.
In addition, the liquid hydrogen container 1 is also provided with a fixed end support 181, a movable end support 182, and a bottom support 57. The inner container 11 and the middle metal wall 17 are fixed through the fixed end support 181 and the movable end support 182 respectively, and the movable end support 182 means that the inner container 11 can move relative to the middle metal wall 17 within a certain range, so that a certain movement space can be reserved for thermal expansion and contraction of the inner container 11 when the inner container is affected by temperature difference stress. The intermediate metal wall 17 and the outer vessel 14 are fixedly connected by a bottom support 57.
Referring to fig. 2, the liquid hydrogen container 1 further includes a level gauge 19, the level gauge 19 is disposed in the inner container 11, and the level gauge 19 is used for detecting the liquid hydrogen level contained in the inner container 11.
Specifically, the top end of the liquid level meter 19 abuts against the top end inner wall of the inner container 11, and the bottom end of the liquid level meter 19 abuts against the bottom end inner wall of the inner container 11, so that the liquid level meter 19 can measure liquid hydrogen at different heights in the inner container 11.
Referring to fig. 1, the self-pressurizing system 2 includes a first shut-off valve 21, a first vaporizer 22, a first solenoid valve 23, a first relief valve 24, a flow meter 25, and a first pressure gauge 26, an inlet end of the first shut-off valve 21 communicates with the liquid hydrogen region 16, an outlet end of the first shut-off valve 21 communicates with an inlet end of the first vaporizer 22, an outlet end of the first vaporizer 22 communicates with an inlet end of the first solenoid valve 23, the first vaporizer 22 is for vaporizing the liquid hydrogen output from the inner container 11 into the first vaporizer 22 into hydrogen, an outlet end of the first solenoid valve 23 communicates with the air pillow region 15, and the first pressure gauge 26 is disposed on a communication pipe between the first solenoid valve 23 and the air pillow region 15, an outlet end of the first solenoid valve 23 also communicates with the first relief valve 24, and the flow meter 25 is disposed on a communication pipe between the first solenoid valve 23 and the first relief valve 24.
The self-pressurization system 2 is provided because the liquid hydrogen container 1 continuously supplies liquid hydrogen to the fuel cell system 4, which causes the liquid hydrogen level in the inner container 11 to continuously decrease, the area of the air cushion area 15 gradually increases, and the pressure of the inner container 11 decreases, and when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the liquid hydrogen container 1 is too small, the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen container 1 cannot normally output liquid hydrogen outwards, so the self-pressurization system 2 needs to be provided to adjust the pressure in the liquid hydrogen container 1 to ensure stable supply of hydrogen.
Specifically, the self-pressurization system 2 further includes a fourth stop valve 27, the first safety valve 24 is communicated with the hydrogen gas discharge processing portion, one end of the fourth stop valve 27 is communicated with the first pressure gauge 26, the other end is communicated with the hydrogen gas discharge processing portion 59, the first pressure gauge 26 is used for detecting the pressure of the connecting pipeline between the first vaporizer 22 and the air pillow area 15, when the pressure exceeds a safety value, the fourth stop valve 27 is opened, and the redundant hydrogen gas is discharged to the hydrogen gas discharge processing portion 59 until the pressure is lower than the safety value, so that the connecting pipeline between the first vaporizer 22 and the air pillow area 15 or the liquid hydrogen container 1 in the self-pressurization system 2 is prevented from being overpressurized, and dangerous accidents are avoided.
The specific process is as follows: the first stop valve 21 and the first electromagnetic valve 23 are opened, liquid hydrogen flows into the inlet end of the first vaporizer 22 through a pipeline, the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into hydrogen in the first vaporizer 22 and flows out from the outlet end of the first vaporizer 22, the vaporized hydrogen is divided into two sub-branches through the first electromagnetic valve 23, one sub-branch is divided into two sub-branches, the hydrogen enters the air cushion area 15 through the first pressure gauge 26 to pressurize the liquid hydrogen container 1, so that the inner container 11 reaches a set pressure value, and the other sub-branch is discharged to the hydrogen discharge treatment part through the fourth stop valve 27 after passing through the first pressure gauge 26 to prevent the overpressure in the liquid hydrogen container 1. The other branch enters the first relief valve 24 via the flow meter 25, when the pressure of the connecting line between the first carburetor 22 and the first relief valve 24 is greater than the prescribed pressure of the first relief valve 24, the first relief valve 24 is automatically opened until the pressure of the connecting line between the first carburetor 22 and the first relief valve 24 is smaller than the prescribed pressure of the first relief valve 24, the first relief valve 22 is automatically closed, and the flow meter 25 is used for detecting the amount of hydrogen output to the hydrogen gas discharge processing portion to determine the amount of hydrogen charged by the hydrogen gas discharge processing portion 59, facilitating the subsequent hydrogen gas processing.
Referring to fig. 1, the liquid hydrogen supply system 3 includes a second shut-off valve 301, a second vaporizer 302, a compressor 303, a buffer tank 304, a second solenoid valve 305, a pressure reducing valve 306, and a second safety valve 307, the inlet end of the second shut-off valve 301 is communicated with the liquid hydrogen region 16, the outlet end of the second shut-off valve 301 is communicated with the inlet end of the second vaporizer 302, the outlet end of the second vaporizer 302 is communicated with the inlet end of the compressor 303, the second vaporizer 302 is used to gasify the liquid hydrogen output from the inner container 11 into the second vaporizer 302 into hydrogen gas, the outlet end of the compressor 303 is communicated with the inlet end of the buffer tank 304, the outlet end of the buffer tank 304 is communicated with one end of the second solenoid valve 305, the other end of the second solenoid valve 305 is communicated with one end of the pressure reducing valve 306, the other end of the pressure reducing valve 306 is communicated with the fuel cell system 4, the other end of the pressure reducing valve 306 is also communicated with the second safety valve 307, and the second safety valve 307 is communicated with the hydrogen gas discharge processing portion 59.
Specifically, the liquid hydrogen supply system 3 further includes a first check valve 308, the first check valve 308 being disposed between the second vaporizer 302 and the compressor 303, the first check valve 308 being configured to prevent the backflow of hydrogen gas output from the second vaporizer 302.
Referring to fig. 1, the liquid hydrogen supply system 3 further includes a third shut-off valve 309 and a third solenoid valve 310, an outlet end of the compressor 303 is communicated with one end of the third shut-off valve 309, the other end of the third shut-off valve 309 is communicated with one end of the third solenoid valve 310, and the other end of the third solenoid valve 310 is communicated with the first safety valve 24.
Specifically, the liquid hydrogen supply system 3 further includes a second check valve 311, the second check valve 311 being disposed between the third electromagnetic valve 310 and the flow meter 25, the second check valve 311 being for preventing the reverse flow of the hydrogen gas output from the third electromagnetic valve 310.
Referring to fig. 1, the liquid hydrogen supply system 3 further includes a second pressure gauge 312, a third pressure gauge 313 and a temperature gauge 314, the second pressure gauge 312 is disposed on the buffer tank 304, the second pressure gauge 312 is used for detecting the pressure in the buffer tank 304, the third pressure gauge 313 and the temperature gauge 314 are disposed between the pressure reducing valve 306 and the fuel cell system 4 at intervals, and the third pressure gauge 313 is used for detecting the pressure in the connecting line between the pressure reducing valve 306 and the fuel cell system 4 to determine whether the hydrogen pressure fed into the fuel cell system 4 is the hydrogen pressure required by the fuel cell system. The thermometer 314 is used to detect the temperature of the hydrogen gas in the connection line between the pressure reducing valve 306 and the fuel cell system 4.
The specific operation process comprises the following steps: the second stop valve 301 is opened, liquid hydrogen flows out from the inner container 11 to the inlet end of the second vaporizer 302, the liquid hydrogen evaporates into hydrogen in the second vaporizer 302 and flows out from the outlet end of the second vaporizer 302, the hydrogen is compressed after passing through the first check valve 308 and the compressor 303, the compressed hydrogen flows out in two branches, the first branch is hydrogen entering the buffer tank 304, the second electromagnetic valve 305 is opened, and the hydrogen in the buffer tank 304 enters the fuel cell system 4 for combustion after passing through the pressure reducing valve 306, the third pressure gauge 313 and the thermometer 314. The pressure reducing valve 306 is used for reducing the pressure of the compressed hydrogen to stabilize the pressure of the hydrogen from the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 306 to the fuel cell system 4, a sub-branch is further provided after the pressure reducing valve 306 and connected to the second safety valve 307, and when the pressure of the buffer tank 304 or the pressure of the connecting line between the buffer tank 304 and the pressure reducing valve 306 detected by the second pressure gauge 312 exceeds the prescribed pressure of the second safety valve 307, the second safety valve 307 is automatically opened until the pressure of the buffer tank 304 or the pressure of the connecting line between the buffer tank 304 and the pressure reducing valve 306 is lower than the prescribed pressure of the second safety valve 307, and the second safety valve 307 is closed to prevent the overpressure of the connecting line between the buffer tank 304 and the pressure reducing valve 306 and the overpressure in the buffer tank 304. The second branch is that the hydrogen after the compressor 303 passes through the third stop valve 309, the third solenoid valve 310 and the second check valve 311 and then reaches the first relief valve 24 through the flow meter 25, and when the pressure of the connecting line between the second stop valve 301 and the compressor 303 exceeds the prescribed pressure of the first relief valve 24, the first relief valve 24 is automatically opened until the pressure of the connecting line between the second stop valve 301 and the compressor 303 is lower than the prescribed pressure of the first relief valve 24, so as to prevent the overpressure of the connecting line between the second stop valve 301 and the compressor 303.
Specifically, the first vaporizer 22 and the second vaporizer 302 are air-temperature type vaporizers or water-bath type vaporizers.
Referring to fig. 1, the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system further includes a control system 5, wherein the control system 5 is electrically connected with the liquid level gauge 19, the first electromagnetic valve 23, the second electromagnetic valve 305 and the third electromagnetic valve 310, respectively, and the control system 5 is used for monitoring the liquid hydrogen height information output by the liquid level gauge 19 and controlling the opening and closing of the first electromagnetic valve 23, the second electromagnetic valve 305 and the third electromagnetic valve 310.
Specifically, since the liquid hydrogen and the vaporized hydrogen gas have low temperatures, the first solenoid valve 23, the second solenoid valve 305, the third solenoid valve 310, the first shut-off valve 21, the second shut-off valve 301, the third shut-off valve 309, the fourth shut-off valve 27, the pressure reducing valve 306, the first check valve 308, the second check valve 311, the first relief valve 24, and the second relief valve 307 are all explosion-proof low-temperature valves to prevent damage to the valves due to low temperatures.
Furthermore, the connecting pipeline is made of stainless steel material and resistant to ultralow temperature.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but rather should be understood to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following description and drawings or any application directly or indirectly to other relevant art(s).
Claims (10)
1. An on-board liquid hydrogen storage system, comprising:
the liquid hydrogen container comprises an inner container, a high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation layer, an intermediate metal wall, a cold storage material filling layer and an outer container, wherein the high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation layer is sleeved outside the inner container, the intermediate metal wall is sleeved outside the high-vacuum multi-layer heat insulation layer, the outer container is sleeved outside the intermediate metal wall, and the cold storage material filling layer is arranged in an interlayer between the intermediate metal wall and the outer container or is coated outside the outer container;
the self-pressurization system is used for vaporizing the liquid hydrogen in the inner container into hydrogen gas so as to adjust the pressure in the inner container;
the inlet end of the liquid hydrogen supply system is communicated with the liquid hydrogen zone;
and the fuel cell system is communicated with the outlet end of the liquid hydrogen supply system, the liquid hydrogen supply system is used for vaporizing the liquid hydrogen in the inner container into hydrogen and delivering the hydrogen to the fuel cell system, and the fuel cell system is used for converting the hydrogen into electric energy for driving the automobile to run.
2. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen storage system of claim 1, wherein the cold storage material filling layer is made of a cold storage material including a phase change material having a phase transition characteristic or a single-phase material having a large specific heat capacity and fluidity.
3. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen storage system of claim 1, wherein the self-pressurization system comprises a first shut-off valve and a first vaporizer, an inlet end of the first shut-off valve is in communication with the liquid hydrogen zone, an outlet end of the first shut-off valve is in communication with an inlet end of the first vaporizer, an outlet end of the first vaporizer is in communication with the air-cushion zone, and the first vaporizer is configured to vaporize liquid hydrogen output from the inner vessel into the first vaporizer into hydrogen gas.
4. The on-board liquid hydrogen storage system of claim 3 wherein said self-pressurization system further comprises a first solenoid valve and a first safety valve, said first vaporizer outlet port being in communication with said first solenoid valve inlet port, said first solenoid valve outlet port being in communication with said air pillow area, said first solenoid valve outlet port also being in communication with said first safety valve.
5. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen storage system of claim 4, wherein said self-pressurization system further comprises a flow meter and a first pressure gauge, said flow meter being disposed in a communication line between said first solenoid valve and said first safety valve, said first pressure gauge being disposed in a communication line between said first solenoid valve and said air pillow area.
6. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen storage system of claim 4, wherein the liquid hydrogen supply system comprises a second shut-off valve, a second vaporizer, a compressor, and a buffer tank, an inlet end of the second shut-off valve is in communication with the liquid hydrogen zone, an outlet end of the second shut-off valve is in communication with an inlet end of the second vaporizer, an outlet end of the second vaporizer is in communication with an inlet end of the compressor, the second vaporizer is for vaporizing liquid hydrogen output by the inner container into hydrogen gas, an outlet end of the compressor is in communication with an inlet end of the buffer tank, an outlet end of the buffer tank is in communication with the fuel cell system, and an outlet end of the compressor is also in communication with the first safety valve.
7. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen storage system according to claim 6, wherein the liquid hydrogen supply system further comprises a second solenoid valve, a pressure reducing valve, and a second safety valve, an outlet end of the buffer tank is communicated with one end of the second solenoid valve, the other end of the second solenoid valve is communicated with one end of the pressure reducing valve, the other end of the pressure reducing valve is communicated with the fuel cell system, and the other end of the pressure reducing valve is also communicated with the second safety valve.
8. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen storage system of claim 7, wherein the liquid hydrogen supply system further comprises a third shut-off valve and a third solenoid valve, an outlet end of the compressor is in communication with one end of the third shut-off valve, the other end of the third shut-off valve is in communication with one end of the third solenoid valve, and the other end of the third solenoid valve is in communication with the first safety valve.
9. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen storage system of claim 8, wherein the liquid hydrogen supply system further comprises a second pressure gauge, a third pressure gauge, and a temperature gauge, the second pressure gauge being disposed on the buffer tank, the third pressure gauge and the temperature gauge being disposed between the pressure relief valve and the fuel cell system at intervals.
10. The on-vehicle liquid hydrogen storage system of claim 9, further comprising a control system electrically connected to the first, second, and third solenoid valves, respectively, the control system for controlling opening and closing of the first, second, and third solenoid valves.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310459020.4A CN116447498A (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310459020.4A CN116447498A (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116447498A true CN116447498A (en) | 2023-07-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310459020.4A Pending CN116447498A (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage system |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN116447498A (en) |
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- 2023-04-26 CN CN202310459020.4A patent/CN116447498A/en active Pending
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