CN116442447A - Mold for manufacturing transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model and model manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mold for manufacturing a transparent three-dimensional cross-fracture model and a model manufacturing method, wherein the mold comprises a turnover frame member, a cross-fracture raw rock test piece and a turnover material test piece, a turnover surrounding frame is arranged outside the turnover frame member, the inside of the turnover frame member is divided into a plurality of spaces for placing the cross-fracture raw rock test piece through a partition plate, gaps are reserved between the cross-fracture raw rock test piece and the partition plate, and the turnover material test piece is used for obtaining the shape characteristics of the rock fracture surface of the cross-fracture raw rock test piece and is used for re-engraving the three-dimensional shape of the silica gel fracture surface of a solid silica gel plate. According to the test requirements, a transparent cross fracture model with multiple angles of 45 degrees, 60 degrees or 90 degrees and the like can be manufactured; the method can be widely applied to preparation and use of the transparent turnover mould sample with the cross fracture and visual research; the cross fracture prepared by the invention has 4 complete branches, a real rough surface and cross geometric characteristics, and the appearance of the rough fracture wall surface of the turnover mould sample is basically consistent with that of a natural cross fracture.

Description

Mold for manufacturing transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model and model manufacturing method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the fields of underground rock mass engineering, underground energy development, groundwater environment and the like, in particular to a mold for manufacturing a transparent three-dimensional cross fracture model and a model manufacturing method.

Background

The fissure medium is an important carrier for occurrence of underground water, and the solute migration problem relates to important engineering and environmental fields such as nuclear waste geological disposal, underground water pollution control, underground oil and gas reservoir construction and the like. Because the fractured rock mass has high anisotropic and heterogeneous effects, the migration and migration processes of water or solute in the fractured rock mass are very complex, and the physical model test is adopted for research, so that the method is an important mode for ascertaining migration and migration mechanisms of various fluids and pollutants in the fractured medium.

Fracture rock mass is often composed of a fracture network and rock blocks, and at present, single rock fractures, which are the most basic and simplified constituent units of the fracture network, are often the primary subjects of students, while relatively few studies are conducted on intersecting fractures. Compared with single cracks, the solutes such as fluid, pollutant and the like tend to generate significant changes of flow direction, flow rate and flow velocity at the intersections of the intersecting cracks, so that the overall solute migration distribution situation is changed, and therefore, research conclusions obtained through the single cracks can be distinguished from the actual situation of a crack network, and further research on the intersecting cracks consisting of the single cracks is necessary for understanding the solute migration mechanism in the crack network.

In order to reveal solute transmission process and mechanism in the fracture medium, real-time observation of seepage characteristics in a laboratory is an important research means. However, both naturally occurring fractured rock masses and artificially produced fractured samples (often made of cement mortar) are opaque materials and specific processes for direct observation of solute transport during the experiment cannot be performed. Therefore, it is critical to solve the above problems to make a cross-slit sample from a transparent material and to achieve an overall process observation of its solute transport.

Author Zhao Kai in "research on seepage characteristics of rock with through filling fissures" in period 6 of the journal of geotechnical engineering "2017 et al obtained intersecting fissures made of similar materials by inserting 3D printed inserts into a casting mold and pouring cement mortar prepared in advance, vibrating and compacting, and taking out the inserts after hardening. However, the surface of the cross-joint crack obtained by the method is a parallel plate, the three-dimensional rough feature is not provided, and the seepage feature at the cross part cannot be observed by the adopted non-transparent pouring material.

The invention patent with publication number of CN106908293A describes a method for preparing transparent rock joint replicas, and the prepared fracture sample has both transparent property and rough property. The method for manufacturing the transparent crack is provided and can be applied to visual research, but the manufactured crack sample is only a single crack, and the method cannot meet the requirement of the turnover mould manufacturing of more complex cross cracks.

The invention patent with publication number of CN111504873A provides a manufacturing method of a rock cross fracture simulation model, and the adopted turnover method has better transparency and can be used for visual test and observation; the manufactured rough cross model comprises horizontal and vertical cracks with different sizes, and the rough cross model is formed by firstly manufacturing separately and then splicing. However, the T-shaped intersecting crack manufactured by the method only has 1 branch, and the morphological characteristics of the intersecting part are greatly different from those of the natural cross-shaped or irregular angle intersecting crack; the horizontal cracks and the vertical cracks are smooth-rough contact surfaces, and have great difference from the actual conditions of the natural cracks.

Aiming at the defects of the methods, a three-dimensional cross-joint fracture preparation method with the characteristics of transparency, geometric characteristics of the cross and real roughness is urgently needed for further exploring migration and migration mechanisms of fluid and solute in fracture media.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a mold for manufacturing a transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model and a model manufacturing method.

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a mold for manufacturing a transparent three-dimensional cross-fracture model, which is characterized by comprising a mold turnover frame member, a cross-fracture raw rock test piece and a mold turnover material test piece, wherein the exterior of the mold turnover frame member is a mold turnover surrounding frame, the interior of the mold turnover frame member is divided into a plurality of spaces for placing the cross-fracture raw rock test piece by a partition plate, a gap is reserved between the cross-fracture raw rock test piece and the partition plate, the mold turnover material test piece comprises a silica gel group mold turnover test piece and an epoxy resin group mold turnover test piece, and the silica gel group mold turnover test piece is filled in the reserved gap between the cross-fracture raw rock test piece and the partition plate and is used for re-carving the surface morphology characteristics of the cross-fracture raw rock test piece; taking out the cross fracture raw rock test piece, and combining the silica gel group turnover test piece with a partition plate to form a solid silica gel plate; the two sides of the solid silica gel plate are respectively provided with a side plate, the epoxy resin group turnover test piece is filled in a cavity formed by the solid silica gel plate and the side plates, and the epoxy resin group turnover test piece is used for re-engraving the surface morphology features of the silica gel cracks of the solid silica gel plate to form a transparent three-dimensional cross crack model.

Further, the turnover mould encloses the frame and includes L template, peripheral frame and encloses the frame bottom plate, peripheral frame that encloses is the cube frame, four angles that peripheral frame was enclosed are located to the L template, peripheral frame bottom plate locates peripheral frame's bottom that encloses.

Further, the L-shaped plate, the peripheral surrounding frame and the surrounding frame bottom plate are all made of organic glass.

Further, the partition plates are arranged in a crisscross mode.

Correspondingly, the method for manufacturing the transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model comprises the following steps:

the transparent three-dimensional cross fracture model is manufactured by adopting the mold;

mixing the silica gel solution with a silica gel curing agent according to the proportion of 100:2, mixing the materials according to the mass ratio, slowly pouring the materials to a reserved gap between each cross-fracture raw rock test piece and the partition plate after fully stirring the materials, and enabling the silica gel group turnover test piece to fully contact and attach with the rough surface of each cross-fracture raw rock test piece; stopping pouring after the free surface of the silica gel is flush with the top of the cross-fracture crude rock test piece, and then standing for 1 d time; after the silica gel group turnover test piece is completely solidified and molded, removing the peripheral surrounding frame, the L-shaped plate, the cross fracture raw rock test piece and the surrounding frame bottom plate to obtain a solid silica gel plate formed by combining the partition plate and the silica gel group turnover test piece, wherein the solid silica gel plate comprises cross fracture surface appearance characteristics; two side plates are respectively arranged at two sides of a solid silica gel plate, and A-type and B-type epoxy resin crystal glue drops are carried out according to a proportion of 3:1, uniformly stirring, and slowly pouring to 2 crack surfaces horizontally oriented on the solid silica gel plate; discharging bubbles in the epoxy resin, and then standing for 1 to d time to harden and shape the epoxy resin; and respectively turning the solid silica gel plate by 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, and repeating the epoxy resin pouring step to finish the manufacture of the transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention provides a mold for manufacturing a transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model and a model manufacturing method. The provided turnover mould scheme can manufacture cross fracture models with multiple angles of 45 degrees, 60 degrees or 90 degrees and the like according to test requirements; meanwhile, the cross fracture manufactured by the scheme has 4 complete branches, a real rough surface and cross geometric characteristics, and the rough fracture wall surface appearance of the turnover mould sample is basically consistent with that of a natural cross fracture.

2. The invention provides a mold turning method which has the advantages of high molding speed, simple and easy mold turning operation, lower cost of required components and test pieces, and wide application in preparation and use of transparent mold turning samples with cross cracks and visual research; besides the advantages of convenient assembly and characteristic shape silica gel turnover mould test sample preparation, the used enclosing frame and L-shaped plate overcome the defect that the prefabricated crack test sample is difficult to take out from the turnover mould enclosing frame during the mould removal.

3. The cross-slit mold-turning sample is not limited to the silica gel and epoxy resin materials adopted in the invention in the mold-turning process, and other related materials focusing on mechanical tests such as cement mortar can be adopted according to different test purposes or consideration.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a mold according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the structure of the mold of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a side view of a solid silicone plate of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a partial three-dimensional block diagram of a solid state silicone plate in accordance with the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1. a flip-die frame member; 2. cross-fracture raw rock test pieces; 3. a partition plate; 4. an L-shaped plate; 5. a peripheral frame; 6. a surrounding frame bottom plate; 7. a silica gel group turnover mould test piece; 8. turning over a mold test piece of the epoxy resin group; 9. rock fissures; 10. a rock body matrix; 11. a solid silica gel plate; 12. and a side plate.

Description of the embodiments

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1-4, the invention provides a mold for manufacturing a transparent three-dimensional cross-fracture model, which comprises a turnover mold frame member 1, a cross-fracture raw rock test piece 2 and a turnover mold material test piece. The exterior of the turnover formwork frame member 1 is a turnover formwork surrounding frame, the interior of the turnover formwork frame member 1 is divided into a plurality of spaces for placing the cross fracture raw rock test pieces 2 by the partition plates 3, and gaps are reserved between the cross fracture raw rock test pieces 2 and the partition plates 3. The turnover mould material test pieces comprise a silica gel group turnover mould test piece 7 and an epoxy resin group turnover mould test piece 8 which are respectively used for re-engraving the three-dimensional surface morphology of the cross fracture raw rock test piece 2 and the solid silica gel plate 11. The silica gel group turnover mould test piece 7 is filled in a reserved gap between the cross fracture raw rock test piece 2 and the partition plate 3, and the epoxy resin group turnover mould test piece 8 is filled in a cavity formed by the solid silica gel plate 11 and the side plate 12. The baffle 3 preferably adopts the crisscross board, solid-state silica gel board 11 is formed by the combination of silica gel group turnover mould test piece 7 and baffle 3, the both sides of solid-state silica gel board 11 are equipped with curb plate 12 respectively.

The method takes cubic granite rock of 21.0 cm multiplied by 21.0 cm multiplied by 21.0 cm as a raw material, and adopts a series of technical means to split the cubic granite rock into four independent cross-fracture raw rock test pieces 2. In practice, according to the intersecting angle of the intersecting fracture raw rock test piece 2, in the scheme, the intersecting fracture model with multiple angles of 45 degrees, 60 degrees or 90 degrees and the like can be manufactured by only adjusting the corresponding angle of the intersecting plate. The method for manufacturing the 90-degree cross-fracture is selected in the embodiment for detail description, and the size of each cross-fracture raw rock test piece is about 10.5 cm ×10.5 cm ×21.0 cm (length×width×height). The rock cracks 9 obtained by splitting have natural rough surfaces, and the included angle formed between two adjacent crack surfaces is 90 degrees, so that the cross-shaped rough cross cracks are obtained.

The turnover mould surrounding frame comprises an L-shaped plate 4, a peripheral surrounding frame 5 and a surrounding frame bottom plate 6, which are all made of organic glass plates with the thickness of about 2.0 cm. The size of the surrounding frame is designed mainly according to the size of a cross-fracture crude rock test piece, and the overall size of the inside of the surrounding frame 5 is 30.0 cm multiplied by 30.0 cm multiplied by 21.0 cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height); the plane size of the surrounding frame bottom plate 6 is 32.0 cm multiplied by 32.0 cm, and the thickness is 2.0 cm. The L-shaped plate 4 is arranged at four corners of the peripheral frame 5, and the frame base plate 6 is arranged at the bottom of the peripheral frame 5.

The crisscross board is formed by vertically crossing two pieces of organic glass plates with the thickness of 1.0 cm and the size of 30.0 cm multiplied by 21.0 cm, and is placed in the center of the peripheral frame 5. The L-shaped plate 4 is made of glass plates with the thickness of 2.0 and cm, the single side of the L-shaped plate is 8.5 cm multiplied by 21.0 cm, the inner frame is 6.5 cm multiplied by 21.0 cm, and the L-shaped plate is placed at four corners of the peripheral frame 5.

After the assembly of the components is completed, a waterproof film is stuck on the outer frame of the peripheral surrounding frame 5 and the junction of the outer frame and the surrounding frame bottom plate 6, so that the material leakage possibly generated when the silica gel group is poured over is prevented.

In order to facilitate separation of the silica gel group turnover mould test piece 7 and the rock crack 9, a silica gel release agent is used for uniformly smearing the surface of the rock crack 9, and 4 crossed crack raw rock test pieces 2 are respectively arranged around a crossed plate in a surrounding frame.

And (3) adjusting the relative positions of the test pieces to ensure that 2.0 cm reserved gaps exist between the rough surface of the cross fracture raw rock test piece 2 and the cross plate and the gap is used for filling the silica gel group turnover test piece 7.

Manufacturing a three-dimensional cross-fracture model, and mixing a silica gel solution and a silica gel curing agent according to a ratio of 100:2, after fully stirring (about 5 min), slowly pouring the mixture to a reserved gap between the cross fracture raw rock test piece 2 and the cross plate to enable the silica gel group turnover test piece to fully contact and attach with the rough surface of each cross fracture raw rock test piece, and stopping pouring after the free surface of the liquid silica gel is flush with the top of each fracture test piece.

And standing for 1 to d time in an indoor constant temperature environment, solidifying and forming the liquid silica gel into solid silica gel, and sequentially removing the peripheral surrounding frame 5, the L-shaped plate 4, the cross fracture raw rock test piece 2 and the surrounding frame bottom plate 6 to obtain the solid silica gel with the rough surface morphology characteristics of each cross fracture, wherein the solid silica gel and the cross plates form the solid silica gel plate 11. The crack surface and the solid silica gel should be separated slowly, so that stress concentration caused by too high separation speed is avoided, and the crack or the solid silica gel surface is damaged, thereby affecting the subsequent test precision.

The solid silica gel plate 11 has 4 branches, one branch is fixed on the horizontal plane, the side plates 12 are fixed on two sides of the solid silica gel plate 11, and meanwhile, waterproof films are stuck at the junctions, so that leakage possibly generated when the epoxy resin group is poured and the material is turned over is prevented. Mixing the crystal dropping glue of the A-type epoxy resin and the crystal dropping glue of the B-type epoxy resin according to a ratio of 3:1, and slowly pouring a certain thickness on the 2 silica gel crack surfaces which face horizontally after fully stirring (about 5 min), so as to ensure that the highest position of the silica gel crack surfaces is approximately 2.0 cm when the epoxy resin turnover module material is submerged.

And (3) discharging bubbles in the epoxy resin by using a multifunctional spray gun (point spraying), and standing for 1 to d in a constant temperature environment to form the solid epoxy resin. The solid silica gel plate 11 is turned clockwise by 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, and the casting process of the turnover transparent test sample of all the cross fracture test pieces is sequentially completed according to the previous step (wherein 2 fracture surfaces can be cast every time of turning, and 8 surfaces are cast in total).

And sequentially taking out the turnover mould samples from the solid silica gel plate 11, and correspondingly combining the turnover mould samples according to each fracture surface to obtain a transparent three-dimensional cross fracture model which contains 4 branches and has the same rough surface morphology characteristics as those of the cross-shaped rough cross original rock fracture.

The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model by adopting the die, which comprises the following specific steps:

step 1: according to experimental requirements, determining the size of the cross-fracture raw rock test piece, and obtaining the cross-fracture (90 degrees for example) with a specific angle through a Brazilian splitting method, wherein the splitting surface is a rough surface.

Step 2: manufacturing a turnover mould surrounding frame matched with the size of a cross fracture original rock test piece, centrally placing a cross plate in the surrounding frame around the turnover mould, and dividing 4 areas in the surrounding frame; the L-shaped plate is placed at the corners of 4 places of the peripheral frame.

Step 3: and (3) sticking a waterproof film at the outer frame of the surrounding frame and the joint of the outer frame and the bottom plate to prevent the leakage of the turnover mould material, then uniformly smearing a release agent on the rough surface of the inside of the turnover mould surrounding frame and the cross fracture raw rock test piece, and respectively placing 4 fracture raw rock test pieces in 4 areas in the surrounding frame.

Step 4: and (3) adjusting the relative positions of the test pieces, so as to ensure that a 2.0 cm interval space exists between each fracture raw rock test piece and the cross plate and the interval space is used for filling the silica gel group turnover test pieces.

Step 5: mixing the silica gel solution with a silica gel curing agent according to the proportion of 100:2, mixing the materials according to the mass ratio, and slowly pouring the materials to reserved gaps between the original rock test pieces with the cross cracks and the cross plates after fully stirring the materials so that the silica gel group turnover test pieces are fully contacted with and attached to the rough surfaces of the crack test pieces.

Step 6: after the free surface of the silica gel is flush with the top of the cross-fractured raw rock specimen, the pouring is stopped, and then the component is kept stand for 1 to d time in a constant temperature environment.

Step 7: after the silica gel group turnover mold test piece is completely solidified and molded, the peripheral surrounding frame, the L-shaped plate, the cross fracture raw rock test piece and the surrounding frame bottom plate are sequentially removed, so that the solid silica gel plate formed by combining the cross plate and the silica gel group turnover mold material can be obtained, and the silica gel plate contains the cross fracture surface appearance characteristics.

Step 8: two side plates are respectively arranged at two sides of a solid silica gel plate, and A-type and B-type epoxy resin crystal glue drops are carried out according to a proportion of 3: and (3) mixing the materials according to the mass ratio, uniformly stirring, and slowly pouring the materials to 2 crack surfaces horizontally oriented on the solid silica gel plate.

Step 9: the air bubbles in the epoxy resin were discharged using a multifunctional spray gun, and then the above-mentioned member was allowed to stand in a constant temperature environment for 1 time d to harden and mold.

Step 10: and (3) turning the solid silica gel plate by 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, and repeating the steps 8 and 9 to sequentially finish the preparation of all the transparent samples of the three-dimensional cross-fracture model.

It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Also in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. And in the drawings of the present invention, the filling patterns are only for distinguishing the layers, and are not limited in any way.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. The mold for manufacturing the transparent three-dimensional cross fracture model is characterized by comprising a mold turnover frame component (1), a cross fracture raw rock test piece (2) and a mold turnover material test piece, wherein a mold turnover surrounding frame is arranged outside the mold turnover frame component (1), the interior of the mold turnover frame component (1) is partitioned into a plurality of spaces for placing the cross fracture raw rock test piece (2) through a partition plate (3), a gap is reserved between the cross fracture raw rock test piece (2) and the partition plate (3), the mold turnover material test piece comprises a silica gel group mold turnover test piece (7) and an epoxy resin group mold turnover test piece (8), and the silica gel group mold turnover test piece (7) is filled in the reserved gap between the cross fracture raw rock test piece (2) and the partition plate (3) and is used for re-etching the surface morphology characteristics of the cross fracture raw rock test piece (2); taking out the cross fracture crude rock test piece (2), and combining the silica gel group turnover mold test piece (7) with the partition plate (3) to form a solid silica gel plate (11); the two sides of the solid silica gel plate (11) are respectively provided with a side plate (12), the epoxy resin group turnover test piece (8) is filled in a cavity formed by the solid silica gel plate (11) and the side plates (12), and the epoxy resin group turnover test piece (8) is used for re-engraving the surface topography characteristics of the silica gel crack of the solid silica gel plate (11) to form a transparent three-dimensional cross crack model.

2. The mold for manufacturing the transparent three-dimensional cross-fracture model according to claim 1, wherein the turnover mold surrounding frame comprises an L-shaped plate (4), a surrounding frame (5) and a surrounding frame bottom plate (6), the surrounding frame (5) is a cube frame, the L-shaped plate (4) is arranged at four corners of the surrounding frame (5), and the surrounding frame bottom plate (6) is arranged at the bottom of the surrounding frame (5).

3. The mold for making a transparent three-dimensional intersecting crack model according to claim 2, characterized in that the L-shaped plate (4), the peripheral enclosing frame (5) and the enclosing frame bottom plate (6) are all made of plexiglas.

4. A mould for making a transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model according to claim 1, characterized in that the separator plates (3) are arranged in a crisscross arrangement.

5. A method for manufacturing a transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model is manufactured by adopting the die of any one of claims 1-4;

mixing the silica gel solution with a silica gel curing agent according to the proportion of 100:2, slowly pouring the mixture to a reserved gap between each cross-fracture raw rock test piece (2) and the partition plate (3) after fully stirring, so that the silica gel group turnover test piece (7) is fully contacted with and attached to the rough surface of each cross-fracture raw rock test piece (2); stopping pouring after the free surface of the silica gel is flush with the top of the cross-fracture crude rock test piece (2), and then standing for 1 to d time; after the silica gel group turnover test piece (7) is completely solidified and molded, dismantling the peripheral surrounding frame (5), the L-shaped plate (4), the cross-fracture raw rock test piece (2) and the surrounding frame bottom plate (6) to obtain a solid silica gel plate (11) formed by combining the partition plate (3) and the silica gel group turnover test piece (7), wherein the solid silica gel plate (11) comprises cross-fracture surface shape characteristics; two side plates (12) are respectively arranged at two sides of a solid silica gel plate (11), and A-type and B-type epoxy resin crystal glue drops are carried out according to a proportion of 3:1, uniformly stirring, and slowly pouring to 2 crack surfaces facing horizontally on a solid silica gel plate (11); discharging bubbles in the epoxy resin, and then standing for 1 to d time to harden and shape the epoxy resin; and turning over the solid silica gel plate (11) and repeating the epoxy resin pouring step to finish the manufacture of the transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model.

6. The method for making a transparent three-dimensional cross-slit model according to claim 5, wherein: the overturning angle of the solid silica gel plate (11) is 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees.