CN112414827A - Preparation method of heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material samples - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了非均质各向异性透明类岩石材料试样的制备方法，该方法是采用充填石英、玻璃砂的正方体小胶块，随机分布在透明类岩样内部，并在距试样上下面1/3处设置节理面，从而增加岩样中的孔洞、节理。通过对制备的岩石材料试样波速测试，发现纵横向波速均不一致，说明本发明透明类岩石试样的非均质性，各向异性；通过试样单轴压缩试验，发现本发明透明类岩石试样破坏峰后曲线和岩石峰后曲线类似，这是本发明的特色。本发明所制备的3种试样，其单轴压缩下破坏规律分别和炭质板岩、大理岩和白云岩破坏规律比较一致，证明可以通过材料配比模拟大部分完整岩石破坏应力‑应变曲线，其结果可以用于揭示岩石内部的破裂演化规律。
The invention discloses a method for preparing a sample of heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material. The method is to use small cube blocks filled with quartz and glass sand, randomly distribute them inside the transparent rock-like sample, and place them on a distance from the sample. The joint surface is set at the bottom 1/3, thereby increasing the holes and joints in the rock sample. Through the wave velocity test of the prepared rock material samples, it is found that the longitudinal and lateral wave velocities are inconsistent, indicating the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the transparent rock samples of the present invention; through the uniaxial compression test of the samples, it is found that the transparent rocks of the present invention are The sample failure post-peak curve is similar to the rock post-peak curve, which is a feature of the present invention. The failure laws of the three kinds of samples prepared by the invention are respectively consistent with the failure laws of carbonaceous slate, marble and dolomite under uniaxial compression, which proves that the failure stress-strain curve of most complete rocks can be simulated by the material ratio. , the results can be used to reveal the fracture evolution law inside the rock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample, belonging to the field of geotechnical engineering.
Background
With the vigorous development of national economy, rock mechanics is widely applied in the fields of hydraulic engineering, buildings, mineral energy, national defense safety and the like. The engineering rock mass in nature is a complex structure body which is composed of rock materials and structural surfaces and has discontinuity, heterogeneity and anisotropy, the interior of the structure body is composed of various mineral materials, cement and the like, and discontinuous structural surfaces such as joints, cracks, holes, faults and the like are randomly distributed. Research on rock mechanics has been a matter of concern to the skilled artisan.
At present, engineering rock masses or traditional similar material models are all made of opaque materials, and the deformation, fracture and evolution process inside the rock masses cannot be directly observed; the transparent soil material cannot reflect the rock mass destruction characteristics due to the defects of isotropy, homogeneity and the like, so that key problems of a time-space expansion mode of internal cracking of a rock mass, a change relation between the deformation cracking process of the rock mass and the strength of the rock mass and the like need to be solved urgently. Researchers regard the rock as a black box or a gray box, and observe the change of apparent properties of the rock by means of experimental means, so as to indirectly reflect the pore structure of the rock and the influence of the pore structure on macroscopic properties such as physics, mechanics and the like. The current testing methods mainly focus on a drilling cutting method, a sound wave method, a drilling optical electron microscope method, a multipoint displacement meter method, a geological radar method, a seismic wave method, a resistivity method, a penetration method, a CT method and the like. The most effective method is an industrial CT test, the development process of internal fractures of a rock sample is analyzed by scanning the rock sample in the loading process through CT, but the CT scanning of the rock has high cost, difficult acquisition of samples and limited quantity, the internal fractures of the rock sample have randomness, different rock sample destruction characteristics are different, and the use of the method is restricted to a certain extent. The problem of changing the 'black box' or 'grey box' in the rock mechanics test into the 'white box' is a dream sought by scientists for a long time, and has important practical significance for predicting and controlling the instability of rock engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock material sample.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning materials: cleaning fused quartz sand and glass sand by using plasma water, and drying the fused quartz sand and the glass sand at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ to remove impurities;
(2) weighing materials: weighing epoxy resin and a curing agent;
(3) stirring materials: mixing the weighed epoxy resin and the curing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a transparent glue solution;
(4) vacuumizing: vacuumizing the transparent adhesive tape liquid to remove bubbles;
(5) preparing a cube rubber block with the side length of 1 cm: the cube rubber block is poured twice, when the cube rubber block is poured for the first time, cleaned fused quartz sand and/or transparent colorless glass sand particles are placed in a porous silica gel mold, 2-3 particles are placed in each hole, then the vacuumized transparent rubber liquid is dripped into the porous silica gel mold, the particles are soaked in the transparent rubber liquid and poured to the height of 1/2 of the mold, then the mold is stood at room temperature until the particles are initially solidified, the operations are repeated for the second pouring, and the mold is taken out for standby after the particles are completely solidified;
(6) manufacturing a standard cylinder sample: pouring a standard cylinder sample for three times, pouring the prepared 1cm cube rubber block into a cylinder silica gel mold to the height of 1/3 during primary pouring, guiding the vacuumized transparent glue solution into the cylinder silica gel mold by using a glass rod until all the cube rubber blocks are immersed, standing until primary solidification is achieved, and spreading a layer of transparent colored glass sand on the surface to prepare joints; repeating the operations for two times, standing the cast product after the last casting is finished until the cast product is completely condensed, and demoulding and taking out the cast product to obtain a transparent rock mass;
(7) freezing: freezing the transparent rock mass to obtain the heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample.
The mass ratio of the epoxy resin to the curing agent is 3: 1.
The cavity of the hole in the porous silica gel mold is a cube, and the length, the width and the height of the cavity are both 1 cm.
The fused quartz sand is transparent colorless fused quartz sand, and the particle size is 3-5 mm.
The particle size of the transparent colorless glass sand is 4-6 mm; the grain diameter of the transparent colored glass sand is 2-3 mm.
And (5) when the fused quartz sand and the transparent colorless glass sand particles are placed into the porous silica gel mold in the step (5), the mass ratio of the fused quartz sand to the transparent colorless glass sand is 1: 1.
The cavity of the cylindrical silica gel mold is cylindrical, the diameter of the cavity is 50mm, and the height of the cavity is 100 mm.
The thickness of the colored glass sand layer in the step (6) is 2-3 mm.
Rocks include, but are not limited to, carbon slate, marble rock, dolomite.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. because the sandstone can sink in the mixed solution, in order to ensure that the sandstone can be uniformly distributed in the whole cylindrical sample, the invention prepares the cube small rubber block in advance to prevent the sandstone from sinking.
2. Compared with the existing transparent rock, the defects of homogeneity and isotropy of the internal material of the rock sample cannot be changed by adding mica sheets or scattering a small amount of colored quartz around the rock sample, the invention adopts the cube small rubber blocks filled with quartz and glass sand, the small rubber blocks are randomly distributed in the transparent rock sample, and the joint surfaces are arranged at positions 1/3 away from the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample, so that holes and joints in the rock sample can be increased. The wave velocity test and the uniaxial compression test prove that the heterogeneity and the anisotropy of the transparent rock sample are realized, and the developed curve of the transparent rock sample after the peak failure is similar to the curve of the rock sample after the peak failure, which is the characteristic of the invention.
3. The invention can simulate different rocks to carry out mechanical research by adjusting the proportion of different materials (quartz sand and glass sand). The samples of examples 1-3 correspond to the carbonaceous slate, marble, and dolomite, respectively, and the failure rules under uniaxial compression obtained are also more consistent with the carbonaceous slate, marble, and dolomite. The transparent rock-like material can simulate most of complete rock failure stress-strain curves, and the result can be used for revealing the crack evolution law in the rock.
4. According to the method, 3 groups of transparent rock samples made of different proportioning materials are manufactured, a uniaxial compression test is carried out on the samples, the damage process of the rock samples is observed through equipment such as a high-speed camera and a laser instrument, a picture of the transparent rock samples from microcracks to macrocracks is obtained, and the method is favorable for revealing the damage mechanism of the transparent rock samples under uniaxial compression.
5. The invention ensures that the interior of the rock is as clear as glass, and is more favorable for revealing the fracture evolution law of the interior of the rock. Based on the method, research on the preparation method of the heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock material sample is developed, the mechanical behavior, the crack evolution rule and the disaster mechanism of rock mass fracture can be disclosed, and the method has important practical significance for predicting and controlling the instability of rock mass engineering.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of a sample of rock material prepared (before compression).
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of uniaxial compressive failure of a prepared sample of rock material.
FIG. 3 is a high speed camera capturing macroscopic fractures of a rock material sample prepared under uniaxial compression.
Fig. 4 is a uniaxial compression curve (failure stress-strain curve) of the rock material sample prepared.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention in detail.
The epoxy resin and the curing agent used in the invention correspond to the commercially available high-transparency Kaolan crystal glue-dripping epoxy resin AB glue, including but not limited to the crystal glue series, the super clear glue series and the quick-drying glue series.
Example 1
The preparation method of the heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning materials: cleaning transparent colorless fused quartz sand and transparent colored glass sand by using plasma water, putting the fused quartz sand and the glass sand into a drying box after cleaning, drying at the temperature of 60 ℃, taking out, and removing impurities by using tweezers;
(2) weighing materials: weighing epoxy resin and a curing agent according to the mass ratio of 3: 1;
(3) stirring materials: putting the weighed epoxy resin and curing agent into a stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring, wherein the epoxy resin and the curing agent are prevented from being stained on the side wall of a container as much as possible when the epoxy resin and the curing agent are poured into the container, so that the raw materials cannot be fully and uniformly stirred, and the stirring time is 3 minutes, so that transparent glue solution is prepared;
(4) vacuumizing: putting the transparent adhesive liquid into a vacuum barrel, vacuumizing to remove bubbles, and continuously shaking the vacuum barrel in the vacuumizing process to vibrate the transparent adhesive liquid, so that the bubbles in the transparent adhesive liquid are more easily discharged, and the vacuumizing time is 5-8 minutes;
(5) preparing a cube rubber block with the side length of 1 cm: the cube rubber block is divided into two times of pouring, during the primary pouring, clear colorless fused quartz sand (the grain diameter is 3-5mm) is placed in a porous silica gel mold, 2-3 grains are placed in each hole, when the clear colorless fused quartz sand is placed, the mutual contact among the grains is avoided to influence the transparency, then the vacuumized transparent glue solution is dripped into the porous silica gel mold by a dropper, the transparent glue solution is soaked in the grains and poured to the position of 1/2 height of the mold, then the mold is stood at room temperature for 24 hours to achieve the primary setting, the operations are repeated to carry out the secondary pouring, and the secondary pouring is carried out after the standing is carried out for 48 hours and is completely;
(6) manufacturing a standard cylinder sample: pouring a standard cylinder sample for three times, pouring the prepared 1cm cube rubber blocks into a cylindrical silica gel mold randomly to 1/3-high positions during primary pouring, slowly draining the vacuumized transparent glue liquid into the cylindrical silica gel mold by using a glass rod until all the cube rubber blocks are immersed, standing for 24 hours until initial setting is achieved, and spreading a layer of transparent colored glass sand (with the particle size of 2-3mm) with the thickness of 2-3mm on the surface to prepare joints; repeating the operations for two times, standing for 48 hours after the last pouring is finished, completely condensing, demolding, and taking out (the last pouring does not need preparation joints), so as to obtain a transparent rock body;
(7) freezing: and (3) putting the transparent rock mass into an ultralow temperature refrigerator, freezing for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, and taking out to obtain the anisotropic transparent rock material sample.
Wherein, the cavity of the hole in the porous silica gel mould is a cube, and the length, the width and the height are both 1 cm. The cavity of the cylindrical silica gel mold is cylindrical, the diameter of the cavity is 50mm, and the height of the cavity is 100 mm.
The rock material sample of example 1 was subjected to uniaxial compression failure experiments (fig. 1-3) by reference to siexinpeng, chenjianan, huangxiaocheng, roceng, deep-buried tunnel carbonaceous slate microstructure and uniaxial compression test study [ J ]. hydrogeological engineering geology, 2020, 47(01): 96-102. The result shows that the uniaxial compression curve (figure 4) of the rock material sample (corresponding to the carbonaceous slate and with the Poisson ratio of 0.08-0.35) is consistent with the failure rule of the rock sample in the reference literature, and the rock material sample prepared by the method meets the requirements of the rock sample in rock engineering.
Example 2
The preparation method of the heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning materials: cleaning transparent colorless glass sand and transparent colored glass sand by using plasma water, putting the two types of glass sand into a drying box after cleaning, drying at 50 ℃, taking out, and removing impurities by using tweezers;
(2) weighing materials: weighing epoxy resin and a curing agent according to the mass ratio of 3: 1;
(3) stirring materials: putting the weighed epoxy resin and curing agent into a stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring, wherein the epoxy resin and the curing agent are prevented from being stained on the side wall of a container as much as possible when the epoxy resin and the curing agent are poured into the container, so that the raw materials cannot be fully and uniformly stirred, and the stirring time is 3 minutes, so that transparent glue solution is prepared;
(4) vacuumizing: putting the transparent adhesive liquid into a vacuum barrel, vacuumizing to remove bubbles, and continuously shaking the vacuum barrel in the vacuumizing process to vibrate the transparent adhesive liquid, so that the bubbles in the transparent adhesive liquid are more easily discharged, and the vacuumizing time is 5-8 minutes;
(5) preparing a cube rubber block with the side length of 1 cm: the cube rubber block is divided into two times of pouring, during the primary pouring, the cleaned transparent colorless glass sand (the grain diameter is 4-6mm) is placed in a porous silica gel mold, 2-3 grains are placed in each hole, the mutual contact among the grains is avoided when the grains are placed, the transparency is influenced, then the vacuumized transparent rubber liquid is dripped into the porous silica gel mold by a dropper, the transparent rubber liquid is soaked in the grains and poured to the position of 1/2 height of the mold, then the mold is stood at room temperature for 24 hours to achieve the primary setting, the operations are repeated to carry out the secondary pouring, and the secondary pouring is carried out after the standing for 48 hours and;
(6) manufacturing a standard cylinder sample: pouring a standard cylinder sample for three times, pouring the prepared 1cm cube rubber blocks into a cylindrical silica gel mold randomly to 1/3-high positions during primary pouring, slowly draining the vacuumized transparent glue liquid into the cylindrical silica gel mold by using a glass rod until all the cube rubber blocks are immersed, standing for 24 hours until initial setting is achieved, and spreading a layer of transparent colored glass sand (with the particle size of 2-3mm) with the thickness of 2-3mm on the surface to prepare joints; repeating the operations for two times, standing for 48 hours after the last pouring is finished, completely condensing, demolding, and taking out (the last pouring does not need preparation joints), so as to obtain a transparent rock body;
(7) freezing: and (3) putting the transparent rock mass into an ultralow temperature refrigerator, freezing for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, and taking out to obtain the anisotropic transparent rock material sample.
Wherein, the cavity of the hole in the porous silica gel mould is a cube, and the length, the width and the height are both 1 cm. The cavity of the cylindrical silica gel mold is cylindrical, the diameter of the cavity is 50mm, and the height of the cavity is 100 mm.
The rock material sample of example 2 was subjected to uniaxial compression failure test by referring to the uniaxial cyclic loading fatigue properties of sandstone under the amplitude of variable stress of Yangtao, Sunydan, J. proceedings of Liaoning engineering technology university (Nature science edition), 2020, 39(05): 403-. The result shows that the uniaxial compression curve (figure 4) of the rock material sample (corresponding to marble and with the Poisson ratio of 0.06-0.35) is consistent with the rock sample failure rule of the reference document, and the rock material sample prepared by the method meets the rock sample requirement in rock engineering.
Example 3
The preparation method of the heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample comprises the following steps (the preparation method is schematically shown in figure 5):
(1) cleaning materials: cleaning transparent colorless fused quartz sand, transparent colorless glass sand and transparent colored glass sand by using plasma water, putting the fused quartz sand and the glass sand into a drying box after cleaning, drying at 70 ℃, taking out, and removing impurities by using tweezers;
(2) weighing materials: weighing epoxy resin and a curing agent according to the mass ratio of 3: 1;
(3) stirring materials: putting the weighed epoxy resin and curing agent into a stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring, wherein the epoxy resin and the curing agent are prevented from being stained on the side wall of a container as much as possible when the epoxy resin and the curing agent are poured into the container, so that the raw materials cannot be fully and uniformly stirred, and the stirring time is 3 minutes, so that transparent glue solution is prepared;
(4) vacuumizing: putting the transparent adhesive liquid into a vacuum barrel, vacuumizing to remove bubbles, and continuously shaking the vacuum barrel in the vacuumizing process to vibrate the transparent adhesive liquid, so that the bubbles in the transparent adhesive liquid are more easily discharged, and the vacuumizing time is 5-8 minutes;
(5) preparing a cube rubber block with the side length of 1 cm: the cube rubber block is poured twice, when the cube rubber block is poured for the first time, the mixed particles of transparent colorless fused quartz sand (the particle size is 3-5mm) and transparent colorless glass sand (the particle size is 4-6mm) in the mass ratio of 1:1 after cleaning are placed in a porous silica gel mold, 2-3 particles are placed in each hole, when the mixture is placed, the mutual contact among the particles is avoided, the transparency is influenced, then the vacuumized transparent glue liquid is dripped into the porous silica gel mold by a dropper, the transparent glue liquid is soaked in the particles and poured to the height of 1/2 of the mold, then the mixture is stood at room temperature for 24 hours to reach the initial setting, the operations are repeated for the second pouring, and the mixture is taken out for standby after the complete setting of;
(6) manufacturing a standard cylinder sample: pouring a standard cylinder sample for three times, pouring the prepared 1cm cube rubber blocks into a cylindrical silica gel mold randomly to 1/3-high positions during primary pouring, slowly draining the vacuumized transparent glue liquid into the cylindrical silica gel mold by using a glass rod until all the cube rubber blocks are immersed, standing for 24 hours until initial setting is achieved, and spreading a layer of transparent colored glass sand (with the particle size of 2-3mm) with the thickness of 2-3mm on the surface to prepare joints; repeating the operations for two times, standing for 48 hours after the last pouring is finished, completely condensing, demolding, and taking out (the last pouring does not need preparation joints), so as to obtain a transparent rock body;
(7) freezing: and (3) putting the transparent rock mass into an ultralow temperature refrigerator, freezing for 48 hours at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, and taking out to obtain the anisotropic transparent rock material sample.
Wherein, the cavity of the hole in the porous silica gel mould is a cube, and the length, the width and the height are both 1 cm. The cavity of the cylindrical silica gel mold is cylindrical, the diameter of the cavity is 50mm, and the height of the cavity is 100 mm.
The rock material sample of example 3 was subjected to uniaxial compression failure experiments by reference to liu han xiang, guo fei, dun forest, lie xin, spanish, uniaxial compression mechanics properties and acoustic emission properties of dolomite [ J ]. nonferrous metals (mine sector), 2020, 72(04):63-69+ 75. The result shows that the uniaxial compression curve (figure 4) of the rock material sample (corresponding to dolomite, the Poisson ratio is 0.15-0.35) is consistent with the rock sample destruction rule of the reference document, and the rock material sample prepared by the method meets the rock sample requirement in rock engineering.
And (3) performance detection:
the properties of the rock material samples prepared in examples 1-3 were tested (wave velocity test and uniaxial compression test) and the results are shown in the following table.
As can be seen from the table, the prepared rock material sample was filled with quartz sand (example 1), glass sand (example 2) and quartz sand and glass sand 1:1 (example 3) cube small rubber blocks, which are randomly distributed, and a joint surface is arranged inside the rock sample. Through the wave velocity test of the prepared rock material sample, the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities are different, which shows the heterogeneity and the anisotropy of the transparent rock sample; through uniaxial compression test of the sample, the curve after the damage peak of the transparent rock sample is similar to the curve after the rock peak, which is the characteristic of the invention. The failure rule of the 3 samples prepared by the invention under uniaxial compression is respectively consistent with the failure rule of the carbonaceous slate, the marble and the dolomite, and the material proportion can be used for simulating most complete rock failure stress-strain curves.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) cleaning materials: cleaning fused quartz sand and glass sand by using plasma water, and drying the fused quartz sand and the glass sand at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ to remove impurities;
(2) weighing materials: weighing epoxy resin and a curing agent;
(3) stirring materials: mixing the weighed epoxy resin and the curing agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a transparent glue solution;
(4) vacuumizing: vacuumizing the transparent adhesive tape liquid to remove bubbles;
(5) preparing a cube rubber block with the side length of 1 cm: the cube rubber block is poured twice, when the cube rubber block is poured for the first time, cleaned fused quartz sand and/or transparent colorless glass sand particles are placed in a porous silica gel mold, 2-3 particles are placed in each hole, then the vacuumized transparent rubber liquid is dripped into the porous silica gel mold, the particles are soaked in the transparent rubber liquid and poured to the height of 1/2 of the mold, then the mold is stood at room temperature until the particles are initially solidified, the operations are repeated for the second pouring, and the mold is taken out for standby after the particles are completely solidified;
(6) manufacturing a standard cylinder sample: pouring a standard cylinder sample for three times, pouring the prepared 1cm cube rubber block into a cylinder silica gel mold to the height of 1/3 during primary pouring, guiding the vacuumized transparent glue solution into the cylinder silica gel mold by using a glass rod until all the cube rubber blocks are immersed, standing until primary solidification is achieved, and spreading a layer of transparent colored glass sand on the surface to prepare joints; repeating the operations for two times, standing the cast product after the last casting is finished until the cast product is completely condensed, and demoulding and taking out the cast product to obtain a transparent rock mass;
(7) freezing: freezing the transparent rock mass to obtain the heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample.
2. The method for preparing a heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the epoxy resin to the curing agent is 3: 1.
3. The method for preparing the heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample according to claim 1, wherein the cavity of the hole in the porous silica gel mold is a cube, and the length, width and height of the cube are all 1 cm.
4. The method for preparing a heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample according to claim 1, wherein the fused silica sand is transparent colorless fused silica sand having a particle size of 3 to 5 mm.
5. The method for preparing a heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample according to claim 1, wherein the transparent colorless glass sand has a particle size of 4 to 6 mm; the grain diameter of the transparent colored glass sand is 2-3 mm.
6. The method for preparing a heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample according to claim 1, wherein when the fused silica sand and the transparent colorless glass sand particles are placed in the porous silica gel mold in the step (5), the mass ratio of the fused silica sand to the transparent colorless glass sand is 1: 1.
7. The method for preparing a sample of anisotropic transparent rock-like material according to claim 1, wherein the cavity of the cylindrical silica gel mold is cylindrical with a diameter of 50mm and a height of 100 mm.
8. The method for preparing a heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the colored glass sand layer in step (6) is 2-3 mm.
9. The method of preparing a heterogeneous anisotropic transparent rock-like material sample according to claim 1, wherein the rock includes but is not limited to carbon slate, marble, dolomite.
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