CN116436150A - 基于状态感知和边缘计算技术的配电变压器智能终端 - Google Patents
基于状态感知和边缘计算技术的配电变压器智能终端 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于油浸配电变压器、并将物联网智能感知和边缘计算集成于一体的智能终端设备；传感器对气体浓度、压力、油温、油位、电流、电压进行感知和数字化处理，并计算实时短路阻抗、损耗、容量、功率数据，既可以就地储存、展示这些数据，又能通过物联网的通信方式将数据推至云端服务器，构成配电网变压器云到端的数据覆盖，将配电变压器安全、稳定、高效、健康的运行保障转化为全数据维度的态势计算、预测和报警。这种由油气智能传感器和监测单元构成的智能终端，对推动数字化配电变压器产品技术的发展，对提高配电网供电的可靠性、确保其安全稳定经济的运行，对智能感知和边缘计算物联网技术在电力系统的应用有着里程碑式的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种基于状态感知和边缘计算技术的配电变压器智能终端，可以广泛地应用于0.4-66kv配电网变压器运行状态监测，涉及到电力系统的配电、用电及其自动化技术领域。
背景技术
随着城市和农村配电网的不断扩大和容量的不断提升，光伏、风力、储能、电动汽车等新能源及其应用设备的大规模接入，智能化的配电网、微电网的发展必将成为电网发展的主要方向，也是当前以及未来全球电网的重点投资领域。
0.4—66kv配电变压器，是智能化的配电网、微电网的关键设备。目前，这类变压器设备绝大部分还停留在完全没有运行状态监测或部分只有电流、电压、温度的监测，运行管理人员只能通过就地巡检获取一些基本的数据，没有或无法对变压器重要的特征数据如注油变压器油中气体、温度、油位、压力、短路阻抗、损耗、容量、功率等数据进行长期连续的监测，因而无法准确地判断变压器的实际状态，导致经常性出现变压器过载、损耗加大、甚至出现爆炸烧毁的事件，严重影响到电网安全稳定经济的运行。
对于大量接入的光伏、风电、充电桩等新能源，传统的配电网已转变兼备发电、输电、配电的微电网，稳定、可靠、经济运行的变压器更是成为最重要的保障。基于物联网技术对变压器运行状态全面的感知和态势计算判断，是当今最重要的技术发展方向，国际电气巨头ABB、Siemens、Schneider、GE均推出了数字化配电变压器，其核心就是变压器的运行状态监测和通过大数据平台的态势预测，以期全面提升电网的安全稳定和高效经济的运行水平。
注油配电变压器油中气体浓度是变压器非常重要的状态特征，由于复杂的结构和几十万元高昂的价格，只有大型的变压器才会配备油气DGA在线监测装置，这些在线DGA都配备了油气分离机构，设备的机构体积庞大，对于配电变压器来讲，油中气体的特征与大型变压器没有区别，但无论是投入的经济性还是安装的便利性，依照现有市场DGA产品的情况，配变上大规模安装在线DGA设备，在投资和设备管理上都是难以接受的。
注油变压器油位和温度监测，目前都是采用分离式安装或同一部件分离式探针结构，安装比较繁琐，并且油位检测只有高低两档指示报警，无法准确给出油位的数值。
变压器的短路阻抗、损耗、容量参数同样是变压器性能和状态的重要特征参数，目前只有在新设备投运、定检和检修时通过试验获得，但实际上由于变压器在不同的运行环境、工况、内部结构和材料的变异老化等情况下，这些参数随时在变化，而这样的变化同样反应了变压器的内部状态的改变。
本发明公开了一种适用于0.4-66kv配电网配电变压器的智能终端设备，这种设备将物联网智能感知和边缘计算集成于一体，可以对注油配变的七种气体浓度、压力、油温、油位、电流、电压进行感知和数字化处理，并计算实时短路阻抗、损耗、容量、功率数据；既可以就地储存、可视化展示这些数据，又能通过物联网的通信方式将数据推至云端服务器，构成配电网变压器云到端的数据覆盖，将配电变压器安全、稳定、高效、健康的运行保障转化为全数据维度的态势计算、预测和报警。
这种智能终端包括一套油气智能传感器、一个智能终端单元和配套的电流、电压互感器或传感器，具备IP68防护等级的外壳和-40至+80℃的运行环境温度，可以在户内外全天候条件下运行。
发明内容
基于物联网状态感知和边缘计算技术的配电变压器智能终端，包括一套油气智能传感器、一个智能终端单元和配套的标准电磁型电流、电压互感器或LEA型传感器，油气智能传感器具备气密防爆金属外壳，智能终端单元具备防爆金属外壳，防护等级符合IP68标准，见图1。
发明的油气智能传感器结构紧凑简单，可以直接安装在变压器油箱顶部的注油孔，传感器包括： 1. 温度油位探针型传感器；2.油位指示视窗的安装套管；3.气室；4.气体浓度传感器；5.压力传感器；6.轻瓦斯和重瓦斯继电器；7.泄压报警阀；8.注油孔和手动泄气孔；9.智能采集通信模块；见图2。
发明的油气智能传感器，油中气体浓度测量是直接采集变压器油箱顶部进入传感器气室的气体浓度，再通过智能终端的模型计算转换为变压器油中气体的含量，见图3；这种直接采气方式取消了传统装置复杂的油气分离机构，从气室将气体接入氢气H2、甲烷CH4、乙烷C2H6、乙烯C2H4、乙炔C2H2、一氧化碳CO、二氧化碳CO2七种气体传感器，或主要的一种、两种气体传感器如氢气H2、乙炔C2H2，智能模块将全部或其中主要的气体浓度进行采集和数字化，并将数据传送至智能终端单元，智能终端根据模型对数据进行计算处理得到变压器油中气体的浓度，7种或其中的主要油中气体的浓度直接表征了变压器的健康状态。
注油变压器通过测量变压器气室的气体浓度、浓度增量、浓度增率计算变压器油中氢气H2、甲烷CH4、乙烷C2H6、乙烯C2H4、乙炔C2H2、一氧化碳CO、二氧化碳CO2七种气体浓度的测量计算方法：
参数定义：
压力系数Kp, 容量系数Kv, 温度系数Kt
油中气体浓度增率 ΔOgR 气室气体浓度增率 ΔGgR
油中气体浓度增量 ΔOgV 气室气体浓度增率 ΔGgR
油中气体浓度 Og 气室气体浓度 Gg
增量时间 ΔT = T1 – T2
增率 ΔOgR =ΔOgV/ΔT ΔGgR =ΔGgR/ΔT
增量 ΔOgV =Og/T1 – Og/T2 ΔGgV =Gg/T1 – Gg/T2
计算公式：
气体浓度增率 ΔOgR=ΔGgR （1）
气体浓度增量 ΔOgV =Kp * Kv * Kt * ΔGgR （2）
气体浓度 OgV =Kp * Kv * Kt * GgR （3）
气体浓度单位ppm
上述测量计算方法环境条件须要符合的基本特征为：变压器储油和气室为直接接触交换的同一温度和压力系统，油中的气体通过循环及与气室的浓度差自然蒸发挥发气室中，其间没有物理部件的阻隔导致油和气体之间自然传递的温度差和压力差。
发明的油气智能传感器，油位感应和油温探头集成在一个圆管型探针内，温度探头置于顶端，油位感应磁路排列安装在圆管中，圆管探针末端的气密闭接线端将油温和油位信号引出至数据采集模块，见图4；油位感知深度可以根据变压器的油箱深度调整，感知精度≤1cm；温度的感知范围为-40~120℃，感知精度≤0.5℃；同时保留了油位指示视窗；这种的油温油位探针的外形结构和尺寸，与传统的油位指示窗兼容，可以直接安装在现有的变压器上，而无需额外的改装和配套部件。
油气智能传感器集成了油气压力监测、过压泄放阀及泄放报警、注油孔、手动气体泄放口、油位指示视窗。
油气智能传感器集成了轻瓦斯监测报警继电器、重瓦斯监测报警跳闸继电器，实现变压器故障报警和跳闸功能。
发明的智能终端单元通过通信方式接收油气智能传感器采集的状态数据；通过电压、电流互感器或传感器，对变压器两侧的电流、电压进行采集，并实时计算表征变压器的电气状态的功率、谐波、短路阻抗、损耗、容量数据；通过对不同表征变压器状态的数据进行计算比对处理，给出变压器的运行状态和报警提示。
变压器智能终端的数据存储卡可以将表征变压器状态特征的数据按设定的时间间隔作为历史数据存储、将报警事件和触发录波存储在事件记录文件中，可视化的彩色显示和操作面板可以动态展示变压器的数据和报警状态，见图5。
变压器智能终端具备以太网、串行、4/5G、WiFi、LoRa通信接口和兼容电力、物联网、IEC的通信协议，可以选择一种通信接口和协议与云端或远程的服务器连接，将变压器的状态数据推至数据平台进行计算处理。
变压器智能终端，智能终端单元的温度监测输入端口可以接入变压器铁芯的温度信号，并对散热风扇的启停进行控制，这种配置模式可以作为干式配电变压器的智能终端，实现干变的状态监测和温度控制。
附图说明
图1为基于物联网状态感知和边缘计算技术的配电变压器智能终端结构示意图；
图2为油气智能传感器结构示意图；
图3为油气智能传感器7种气体浓度采集示意图；
图4为油气智能传感器油位油温探针结构示意图；
图5为智能终端显示操作面板示意图。
Claims (9)
1.注油变压器通过测量变压器气室的气体浓度、浓度增量、浓度增率计算变压器油中氢气H2、甲烷CH4、乙烷C2H6、乙烯C2H4、乙炔C2H2、一氧化碳CO、二氧化碳CO2七种气体浓度的测量计算方法：
参数定义：
压力系数Kp, 容量系数Kv, 温度系数Kt
油中气体浓度增率 ΔOgR 气室气体浓度增率 ΔGgR
油中气体浓度增量 ΔOgV 气室气体浓度增率 ΔGgR
油中气体浓度 Og 气室气体浓度 Gg
增量时间 ΔT = T1 – T2
增率 ΔOgR =ΔOgV/ΔT ΔGgR =ΔGgR/ΔT
增量 ΔOgV =Og/T1 – Og/T2 ΔGgV =Gg/T1 – Gg/T2
计算公式：
气体浓度增率 ΔOgR=ΔGgR （1）
气体浓度增量 ΔOgV =Kp * Kv * Kt * ΔGgR （2）
气体浓度 OgV =Kp * Kv * Kt * GgR （3）
气体浓度单位ppm
上述测量计算方法环境条件须要符合的基本特征为：变压器储油和气室为直接接触交换的同一温度和压力系统，油中的气体通过循环及与气室的浓度差自然蒸发挥发气室中，其间没有物理部件的阻隔导致油和气体之间自然传递的温度差和压力差。
2.按照权利要求1计算方法并适用于0.4kv—66kv配电网注油配电变压器并基于物联网状态感知和边缘计算技术的配电变压器智能终端的特征是：集油中气体浓度、油温、油位、压力监测和气体泄压、注油为一体的油气智能传感器安装在变压器顶部的注油泄压孔上，油中气体浓度的感知是直接对油气智能传感器瓦斯泄气小室的气体进行采集、即通过对泄气小室中的氢气H2、甲烷CH4、乙烷C2H6、乙烯C2H4、乙炔C2H2、一氧化碳CO、二氧化碳CO2七种气体全部或其中主要的气体浓度进行采集和数字化，由智能终端单元对油气智能传感器的数据进行计算处理得到变压器油中气体的浓度、浓度增量和增率，7种或其中的主要油中气体的浓度、浓度增量和增率直接表征了变压器的健康状态。
3.所述变压器智能终端，其油气智能传感器的油位感应和油温探头集成在一个园管型探针内，温度探头置于顶端，油位感应磁路排列安装在圆管中，圆管探针末端的气密闭接线端将油温和油位信号引出至数据采集模块；油位感知深度可以根据变压器的油箱深度调整，感知精度<= 1厘米；温度的感知范围为-40—200℃，感知精度<= 0.5℃。
4.按照权利要求2和3所述变压器智能终端，其油气智能传感器集成了油气压力监测、过压泄放阀及泄放报警、注油孔、手动气体泄放口、油位指示视窗。
5.按照权利要求2、3、4所述变压器智能终端，其油气智能传感器集成了轻瓦斯监测报警继电器、重瓦斯监测报警跳闸继电器，实现变压器故障报警和跳闸功能。
6.按照权利要求2、3、4、5所述变压器智能终端，其智能终端单元通过通信方式接收油气智能传感器采集的状态数据；通过电压、电流互感器或传感器，对变压器两侧的电流、电压进行采集，并实时计算表征变压器的电气状态的功率、谐波、短路阻抗、损耗、容量数据；通过对不同数据的计算比对处理，给出变压器的运行状态和报警提示。
7.按照权利要求2、3、4、5、6所述变压器智能终端，其数据存储卡可以将表征变压器状态特征的数据按设定的时间间隔作为历史数据存储、将报警事件和触发录波存储在事件记录文件中，可视化的彩色显示和操作面板可以动态展示变压器的数据和报警状态。
8.按照权利要求2、3、4、5、6、7所述变压器智能终端，具备以太网、串行、4/5G、WiFi、Lora 通信接口和兼容电力、物联网、IEC的通信协议，可以选择一种通信接口和协议与云端或远程的服务器连接，将变压器的状态数据推至数据平台进行计算处理。
9.按照权利要求6、7、8所述变压器智能终端，智能终端单元的温度监测输入端口可以接入变压器铁芯的温度信号，并对散热风扇的启停进行控制，这种配置模式可以作为干式配电变压器的智能终端，实现干变的状态监测和温度控制。
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