CN116436128A - Battery cluster equalization method of energy storage system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a battery cluster balancing method of an energy storage system, which belongs to the technical field of energy storage equipment and comprises a balancing process of first power-on of the centralized energy storage system and a balancing process of power-off after alarm abnormality of each cluster, wherein the balancing process of first power-on of the centralized energy storage system comprises the following specific steps: the EMU sends instructions to a BCU1 and a seven BCU7 of the battery cluster through CAN communication to correspond to the KM3 contactor, DC/DC is input, the battery cluster I charges and balances the battery cluster seven, the voltages of the two clusters are consistent after a period of time, the ideal voltage value of a bus is (1442.7+1384.9)/2=1413.8V, the final value of the two clusters of SOC is 97.5%, and the EMU judges that the balance between the battery cluster I and the battery cluster seven is completed by calculating the total voltage difference value of the battery sides uploaded by the BCU1 and the BCU7 within an allowable range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage equipment, in particular to a battery cluster balancing method of an energy storage system.
Background
The batteries are connected in series to form a battery cluster, the battery clusters are connected in parallel to form a battery stack, and the scheme of alternating electric energy through the centralized inverter and the power grid is called centralized energy storage. The centralized energy storage system scheme has the advantages of simple control, mature grid-connected inverter, low cost and the like, and is a mainstream application scheme in the market in the past few years. However, barrel effects due to cell uniformity differences have been a pain point in the industry. The electric quantity charged and discharged by the battery in the actual running process of the energy storage system is different from the theoretical calculated value.
At present, the conventional method of the battery cell manufacturer is to make the battery cell capacity larger, and the electric quantity charged and discharged according to the actual measurement of the battery cell is taken as a nominal value, namely, the actual battery cell capacity is larger than the nominal battery cell capacity, so that the problem that the charged and discharged electric quantity cannot be reached due to different battery cell characteristics is solved. With the long-time charge-discharge cyclic operation of the battery cells, the difference between the battery cells is increased, the advantage of ensuring the discharge of the electric quantity by the battery cells with increased battery cell capacity is less and less obvious, and thus, the external adjustment measures are needed to complete energy complementation when the battery is in standby, namely, the high-SOC battery transmits energy to the low-SOC battery.
Current solutions for circulation caused by battery differences in centralized energy storage systems generally include the following two methods:
the method comprises the following steps: the method for adding a pre-charging loop to a battery high-voltage control box is characterized in that as shown in fig. 4, energy difference between clusters is consumed through pre-charging resistors, so that the problem of pressure difference between the battery clusters is solved;
the second method is as follows: each battery cluster at the front end of the MW-level AC/DC converter system is connected in series with one DC/DC, as shown in fig. 5, the external voltages of the battery clusters are basically equal through the DC/DC converter, so that no circulation exists between the battery packs. Meanwhile, due to the existence of DC/DC, the voltages of the battery clusters connected in parallel to the main positive bus and the main negative bus are equal, and the output current balance of each battery pack is ensured. The battery energy utilization rate is high. However, the DC/DC modules are connected in series in each battery cluster, the power is required to meet the charging and discharging power requirement of a single cluster, the volume of the DC/DC is large, the cost is high, the secondary power consumption is also large, and the conversion efficiency of the whole energy storage system is reduced. The solution is viable but uneconomical.
Therefore, the invention discloses a battery cluster balancing method of an energy storage system, which can fully utilize the energy difference between batteries and reduce the loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above and/or problems occurring in the prior art methods of balancing battery clusters of an energy storage system.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a battery cluster balancing method of an energy storage system, which is used for carrying out energy circulation among battery clusters in standby time through a DC/DC device, so as to reduce battery difference and prolong battery cycle life.
In order to solve the technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the following technical solutions are provided:
a battery cluster balancing method of an energy storage system comprises a balancing process of first power-on of the centralized energy storage system and a balancing process of power-off after alarm abnormality of each cluster;
the specific steps of the equalization process of the first power-on of the centralized energy storage system are as follows:
step one: EMU sends instructions to a BCU1 and a seven BCU7 of a battery cluster through CAN communication to correspond to a KM3 contactor, DC/DC is input, the battery cluster I charges and balances the seven battery clusters, the voltages of the two clusters are consistent after a period of time, the ideal voltage value of a bus is (1442.7+1384.9)/2=1413.8V, and the final value of the two SOC clusters is 97.5%;
step two: the EMU judges that the equalization between the first battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster is completed by calculating the total voltage difference value of the battery sides uploaded by the BCU1 and the BCU7, and continuously issues instructions to the BCU2 and the BCU6 of the second battery cluster and the BCU6 with larger voltage difference and the corresponding KM3 contactor, and inputs DC/DC, because the voltage of the second battery cluster is higher than that of the first battery cluster, the first battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster, the second battery cluster charges the first battery cluster, the first battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster at the same time, and after the equalization is finished, the ideal value of the bus voltage is 1413.9V, and the theoretical value of the SOC is 97.5%;
step three: the EMU continuously issues instructions to the BCU3 and BCU5 corresponding to KM3 contactors of the third battery cluster and the fifth battery cluster with larger pressure difference by calculating the total pressure difference value of the battery sides uploaded by the BCU1, the BCU2, the BCU6 and the BCU7 to be in an allowable range, namely, judging that the equalization of the first battery cluster, the second battery cluster, the sixth battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster is completed, and inputting DC/DC (direct current/direct current) because the third battery cluster has the highest voltage, and the third battery cluster respectively equalizes the first battery cluster, the second battery cluster, the fifth battery cluster, the sixth battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster, wherein after the equalization is completed, the bus voltage is 1413.85V and the SOC is 97.5%;
step four: the EMU finally issues an instruction to a BCU4 battery cluster four KM3 contactor, and DC/DC is input, because the voltage of the battery cluster four is highest, the battery cluster four charges the battery cluster one, the battery cluster two, the battery cluster three, the battery cluster five, the battery cluster six and the battery cluster seven respectively, the bus voltage after equalization is 1417.8V, and the SOC value is 97.86%;
step five: the EMU transmits the data uploaded by the BCU to close the KM1 main positive contactor of each cluster in a permissible range by comparing the voltage difference between the voltage of each battery cluster and the voltage of the bus, and after the main positive contactor is detected to be closed successfully, the KM3 contactor is disconnected;
step six: at this time, the power-on process of the battery side of the centralized energy storage system is completed;
the specific steps of the equalization process requiring power-down after the alarm abnormality of each cluster are as follows:
step one: the EMU controls the main positive contactor of each cluster to be disconnected, after confirming the disconnection, the EMU calculates and confirms that the circulation after closing the maximum and minimum clusters is in the DC/DC parameter range, namely closing the maximum cluster and the minimum cluster;
step two: if the circulation of the largest cluster and the smallest cluster is larger than the rated value of DC/DC, EMU judges that the closed circulation value does not exceed the rated value of two clusters KM3 contactors with the largest pressure difference, and the contactors are put into DC/DC;
step three: after the voltage is stabilized, closing two clusters of KM3 contactors with maximum voltage difference, wherein the loop current value does not exceed the rated value, and putting DC/DC into the two clusters until all 7 clusters are balanced;
step four: at the moment, after the EMU collects that the voltage value uploaded by each cluster BCU is normal and stable, closing each cluster main positive contactor KM1, and after confirming that KM1 is disconnected, controlling the BCU to disconnect each cluster KM3 contactor by the EMU;
step five: and the BMS is powered on normally and waits for the EMS to control the next charge and discharge cycle.
As a preferred scheme of the battery cluster balancing method of the energy storage system, the invention comprises the following steps: the first battery cluster, the second battery cluster, the third battery cluster, the fourth battery cluster, the fifth battery cluster, the sixth battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster are respectively provided with a high-voltage control box, and seven control boxes are connected to the direct-current bus.
As a preferred scheme of the battery cluster balancing method of the energy storage system, the invention comprises the following steps: the high-voltage control box is internally provided with a main positive contactor KM1, a main negative contactor KM2 and a positive contactor and a negative contactor KM3 of a bidirectional DC/DC converter loop.
As a preferred scheme of the battery cluster balancing method of the energy storage system, the invention comprises the following steps: the communication flow is that battery management slave control BMU handles are connected to a battery management master control BCU through a CAN bus, the battery management master control BCU handles are connected to a battery management system EMU through the CAN bus, a DC/DC converter is arranged in each cluster of high-voltage control boxes, and the battery management slave control BMU handles are communicated with the battery management system EMU through the CAN bus.
As a preferred scheme of the battery cluster balancing method of the energy storage system, the invention comprises the following steps: the differential pressure between the first battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster is the largest, namely 1442.7-1384.9 =57.8v, and the soc is different by 5%;
the second and sixth cell clusters have a second differential pressure, 1442.3-1385.6 =56.7v, and a 5% difference in soc;
the differential pressure of the third battery cluster and the fifth battery cluster is 1441.7-1385.9 =55.8v, and the soc is 5%.
Compared with the prior art:
1. the invention can fully utilize 5% energy difference between batteries and greatly reduce the loss of the serial high-power DC/DC converter;
2. the battery cluster loop is connected with the high-power DC/DC converter in series, 200kW of DC/DC is 2kW of energy loss according to 1% of power consumption calculation, no competition exists for the efficiency of the energy storage system pursued by the current customer, the scheme of connecting the battery cluster loop with the low-power DC/DC converter in parallel is only put into operation when needed, the balance is completed only by 10kW, only 100W of power consumption is required according to 1% of loss rate, and only the consumption is carried out when the system is used, so that the efficiency of the system is greatly improved, the operation life of the centralized energy storage system is greatly prolonged, and the safety is also greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a direct current part wiring diagram of a centralized energy storage system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a communication topology of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the data of each cluster before the system of the present invention is powered on;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the prior art;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the prior art.
Description of the embodiments
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a battery cluster balancing method of an energy storage system, referring to fig. 1-3, comprising a balancing process of first power-up of a centralized energy storage system and a balancing process of power-down after alarm abnormality of each cluster;
as shown in fig. 1: the battery cluster I, the battery cluster II, the battery cluster III, the battery cluster IV, the battery cluster five, the battery cluster six and the battery cluster seven are respectively provided with a high-voltage control box, seven control boxes are arranged on the direct current bus, and a main positive contactor KM1, a main negative contactor KM2 and a positive contactor KM3 of a bidirectional DC/DC converter loop and a negative contactor KM3 of a bidirectional DC/DC converter loop are arranged in the high-voltage control boxes.
As shown in fig. 2: the communication flow is that battery management slave control BMU handles are connected to a battery management master control BCU through a CAN bus, the battery management master control BCU handles are connected to a battery management system EMU through the CAN bus, a DC/DC converter is arranged in each cluster of high-voltage control boxes, and the battery management slave control BMU handles are communicated with the battery management system EMU through the CAN bus.
The equalization process of the first power-on of the centralized energy storage system comprises the following steps: after the secondary circuit of the BMS, PCS, EMS system is electrified, BMS, PCS, EMS systems communicate normally, and the BCU uploads the collected total voltage value and SOC of each cluster battery to the EMU, as shown in fig. 3, and the data is calculated according to the serial connection of the single-cell actual measured SOC value and voltage value and the 1500V platform 416 string cells.
The differential pressure between cell cluster one and cell cluster seven is the largest, i.e., 1442.7-1384.9 =57.8v, soc differs by 5%;
the second voltage difference between the second battery cluster and the sixth battery cluster, namely 1442.3-1385.6 =56.7v, and the soc is 5% different;
the differential pressure of the third and fifth battery clusters was 1441.7-1385.9 =55.8v, and the soc was 5%.
The specific steps of the equalization process of the first power-on of the centralized energy storage system are as follows:
step one: EMU sends instructions to a BCU1 and a seven BCU7 of a battery cluster through CAN communication to correspond to a KM3 contactor, DC/DC is input, the battery cluster I charges and balances the seven battery clusters, the voltages of the two clusters are consistent after a period of time, the ideal voltage value of a bus is (1442.7+1384.9)/2=1413.8V, and the final value of the two SOC clusters is 97.5%;
step two: the EMU judges that the equalization between the first battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster is completed by calculating the total voltage difference value of the battery sides uploaded by the BCU1 and the BCU7, and continuously issues instructions to the BCU2 and the BCU6 of the second battery cluster and the BCU6 with larger voltage difference and the corresponding KM3 contactor, and inputs DC/DC, because the voltage of the second battery cluster is higher than that of the first battery cluster, the first battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster, the second battery cluster charges the first battery cluster, the first battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster at the same time, and after the equalization is finished, the ideal value of the bus voltage is 1413.9V, and the theoretical value of the SOC is 97.5%;
step three: the EMU continuously issues instructions to the BCU3 and BCU5 corresponding to KM3 contactors of the third battery cluster and the fifth battery cluster with larger pressure difference by calculating the total pressure difference value of the battery sides uploaded by the BCU1, the BCU2, the BCU6 and the BCU7 to be in an allowable range, namely, judging that the equalization of the first battery cluster, the second battery cluster, the sixth battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster is completed, and inputting DC/DC (direct current/direct current) because the third battery cluster has the highest voltage, and the third battery cluster respectively equalizes the first battery cluster, the second battery cluster, the fifth battery cluster, the sixth battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster, wherein after the equalization is completed, the bus voltage is 1413.85V and the SOC is 97.5%;
step four: the EMU finally issues an instruction to a BCU4 battery cluster four KM3 contactor, and DC/DC is input, because the voltage of the battery cluster four is highest, the battery cluster four charges the battery cluster one, the battery cluster two, the battery cluster three, the battery cluster five, the battery cluster six and the battery cluster seven respectively, the bus voltage after equalization is 1417.8V, and the SOC value is 97.86%;
step five: the EMU transmits the data uploaded by the BCU to close the KM1 main positive contactor of each cluster in a permissible range by comparing the voltage difference between the voltage of each battery cluster and the voltage of the bus, and after the main positive contactor is detected to be closed successfully, the KM3 contactor is disconnected;
step six: at this time, the power-on process of the battery side of the centralized energy storage system is completed.
And (3) an equalization process of power-down after alarm abnormality of each cluster: during or after the charging or discharging process is finished, EMU detects that parameters of each cluster reach alarm values, and reports EMS requirements, EMS judges whether shutdown processing is needed, if so, after PCS is stopped, BMS action process and equalization process see equalization process that power down is needed after alarm abnormality of each cluster;
the specific steps of the equalization process requiring power-down after the alarm abnormality of each cluster are as follows:
step one: the EMU controls the main positive contactor of each cluster to be disconnected, after confirming the disconnection, the EMU calculates and confirms that the circulation after closing the maximum and minimum clusters is in the DC/DC parameter range, namely closing the maximum cluster and the minimum cluster;
step two: if the circulation of the largest cluster and the smallest cluster is larger than the rated value of DC/DC, EMU judges that the closed circulation value does not exceed the rated value of two clusters KM3 contactors with the largest pressure difference, and the contactors are put into DC/DC;
step three: after the voltage is stabilized, closing two clusters of KM3 contactors with maximum voltage difference, wherein the loop current value does not exceed the rated value, and putting DC/DC into the two clusters until all 7 clusters are balanced;
step four: at the moment, after the EMU collects that the voltage value uploaded by each cluster BCU is normal and stable, closing each cluster main positive contactor KM1, and after confirming that KM1 is disconnected, controlling the BCU to disconnect each cluster KM3 contactor by the EMU;
step five: and the BMS is powered on normally and waits for the EMS to control the next charge and discharge cycle.
Wherein the invention includes, but is not limited to, seven clusters of cells connected in parallel.
Although the invention has been described hereinabove with reference to embodiments, various modifications thereof may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the features of the disclosed embodiments may be combined with each other in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict, and the exhaustive description of these combinations is not given in this specification merely for the sake of omitting the descriptions and saving resources. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The battery cluster equalization method of the energy storage system is characterized by comprising an equalization process of first power-on of the centralized energy storage system and an equalization process of power-off after alarm abnormality of each cluster;
the specific steps of the equalization process of the first power-on of the centralized energy storage system are as follows:
step one: EMU sends instructions to a BCU1 and a seven BCU7 of a battery cluster through CAN communication to correspond to a KM3 contactor, DC/DC is input, the battery cluster I charges and balances the seven battery clusters, the voltages of the two clusters are consistent after a period of time, the ideal voltage value of a bus is (1442.7+1384.9)/2=1413.8V, and the final value of the two SOC clusters is 97.5%;
step two: the EMU judges that the equalization between the first battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster is completed by calculating the total voltage difference value of the battery sides uploaded by the BCU1 and the BCU7, and continuously issues instructions to the BCU2 and the BCU6 of the second battery cluster and the BCU6 with larger voltage difference and the corresponding KM3 contactor, and inputs DC/DC, because the voltage of the second battery cluster is higher than that of the first battery cluster, the first battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster, the second battery cluster charges the first battery cluster, the first battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster at the same time, and after the equalization is finished, the ideal value of the bus voltage is 1413.9V, and the theoretical value of the SOC is 97.5%;
step three: the EMU continuously issues instructions to the BCU3 and BCU5 corresponding to KM3 contactors of the third battery cluster and the fifth battery cluster with larger pressure difference by calculating the total pressure difference value of the battery sides uploaded by the BCU1, the BCU2, the BCU6 and the BCU7 to be in an allowable range, namely, judging that the equalization of the first battery cluster, the second battery cluster, the sixth battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster is completed, and inputting DC/DC (direct current/direct current) because the third battery cluster has the highest voltage, and the third battery cluster respectively equalizes the first battery cluster, the second battery cluster, the fifth battery cluster, the sixth battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster, wherein after the equalization is completed, the bus voltage is 1413.85V and the SOC is 97.5%;
step four: the EMU finally issues an instruction to a BCU4 battery cluster four KM3 contactor, and DC/DC is input, because the voltage of the battery cluster four is highest, the battery cluster four charges the battery cluster one, the battery cluster two, the battery cluster three, the battery cluster five, the battery cluster six and the battery cluster seven respectively, the bus voltage after equalization is 1417.8V, and the SOC value is 97.86%;
step five: the EMU transmits the data uploaded by the BCU to close the KM1 main positive contactor of each cluster in a permissible range by comparing the voltage difference between the voltage of each battery cluster and the voltage of the bus, and after the main positive contactor is detected to be closed successfully, the KM3 contactor is disconnected;
step six: at this time, the power-on process of the battery side of the centralized energy storage system is completed;
the specific steps of the equalization process requiring power-down after the alarm abnormality of each cluster are as follows:
step one: the EMU controls the main positive contactor of each cluster to be disconnected, after confirming the disconnection, the EMU calculates and confirms that the circulation after closing the maximum and minimum clusters is in the DC/DC parameter range, namely closing the maximum cluster and the minimum cluster;
step two: if the circulation of the largest cluster and the smallest cluster is larger than the rated value of DC/DC, EMU judges that the closed circulation value does not exceed the rated value of two clusters KM3 contactors with the largest pressure difference, and the contactors are put into DC/DC;
step three: after the voltage is stabilized, closing two clusters of KM3 contactors with maximum voltage difference, wherein the loop current value does not exceed the rated value, and putting DC/DC into the two clusters until all 7 clusters are balanced;
step four: at the moment, after the EMU collects that the voltage value uploaded by each cluster BCU is normal and stable, closing each cluster main positive contactor KM1, and after confirming that KM1 is disconnected, controlling the BCU to disconnect each cluster KM3 contactor by the EMU;
step five: and the BMS is powered on normally and waits for the EMS to control the next charge and discharge cycle.
2. The method for balancing a battery cluster of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the first battery cluster, the second battery cluster, the third battery cluster, the fourth battery cluster, the fifth battery cluster, the sixth battery cluster and the seventh battery cluster are respectively provided with a high-voltage control box, and seven control boxes are connected on a direct current bus.
3. The battery cluster balancing method of the energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein a main positive contactor KM1, a main negative contactor KM2 and a positive contactor KM3 of a bidirectional DC/DC converter loop and a negative contactor are arranged in the high-voltage control box.
4. The battery cluster balancing method of the energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the communication process is that a battery management slave control BMU handle is connected to a battery management master control BCU through a CAN bus, the battery management master control BCU handle is connected to a battery management system EMU through the CAN bus, a DC/DC converter is configured in each cluster of high-voltage control boxes, and the battery management slave control BMU handle is communicated with the battery management system EMU through the CAN bus.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the differential pressure between the first and seventh battery clusters is the largest, i.e. 1442.7-1384.9 =57.8v, soc is 5%;
the second and sixth cell clusters have a second differential pressure, 1442.3-1385.6 =56.7v, and a 5% difference in soc;
the differential pressure of the third battery cluster and the fifth battery cluster is 1441.7-1385.9 =55.8v, and the soc is 5%.
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