CN116435761B - Dual circular polarization reflective array antenna and independent control method for radiation beam thereof - Google Patents
Dual circular polarization reflective array antenna and independent control method for radiation beam thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/106—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using two or more intersecting plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-circular polarization reflective array antenna and an independent control method of radiation beams thereof, wherein the antenna comprises a circular polarization antenna feed source and a dual-S-shaped printed metal strip reflective array, the circular polarization antenna feed source faces the dual-S-shaped printed metal strip reflective array, and the circular polarization antenna feed source is positioned at a phase shift focus of the dual-S-shaped printed metal strip reflective array; the circular polarized antenna feed source emits spherical electromagnetic waves, and the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array receives the spherical electromagnetic waves and reflects the spherical electromagnetic waves into plane waves. The dual-circularly polarized reflective array antenna provided by the invention can reflect the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave at the same time, and realizes the characteristic that the left-hand circularly polarized wave beam and the right-hand circularly polarized wave radiation beam are independently controllable on the premise of guaranteeing high-gain radiation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar communication, and particularly relates to a dual circularly polarized reflective array antenna and a radiation beam independent control method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of modern satellite communication technology, high-throughput satellites with multi-beam payloads have been widely developed. One of the key challenges in designing, developing and launching such satellites is the large number of antennas required for processing tasks, which typically use a four-color frequency/polarization multiplexing scheme, so designing dual circularly polarized array antennas at the same frequency can effectively reduce the number of antennas required for the satellite.
Antennas are an important component in modern weaponry, radar detection systems, and often require antennas with high gain characteristics. The reflective array antenna consists of a horn feed source and a reflective array, has the advantages of high gain and no need of a complex feed network, and has great research value. The working mechanism is as follows: the reflecting array with the phase shifting function converts spherical waves from the feed source into plane waves to radiate outwards, and therefore the radiating performance with high gain can be achieved.
The conventional Dual circular polarization array antenna is usually realized by adopting a combination of a linear-circular polarization converter and a linear polarization array antenna, such as M. to A.Joyal, R.El Hani, M.Riel, Y.Demers and J. to J.Laurin, "A reflection array-Based Dual-Surface Reflector Working in Circular Polarization," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.63, no.4, pp.1306-1313 and april 2015. The input circular polarization wave is converted into a horizontal linear polarization wave and a vertical linear polarization wave, the horizontal linear polarization wave and the vertical linear polarization wave are reflected by a layer of reflection array reflecting the horizontal linear polarization wave, the vertical linear polarization wave and a parabolic reflector, and the reflected two linear polarization waves are converted into circular polarization waves by the linear-circular polarization converter, but in order to realize the output of different angles of the left-hand circular polarization wave and the right-hand circular polarization wave, different angles are required to be built among all the components, so that the processing is very difficult to realize. The Chinese patent (application number: CN 202111341584.5, publication number: CN 114069256A) proposes a dual-frequency dual-circular polarization folded array antenna, which comprises a main reflector, an auxiliary transmission mirror, a supporting structure and a feed source, wherein the main reflector comprises a first medium substrate with a hollowed center, square annular metal patches which are periodically arranged are printed on the upper surface of the medium substrate, and a metal floor is printed on the lower surface of the medium substrate; the auxiliary transmission mirror comprises a second dielectric substrate and a third dielectric substrate which are vertically stacked, wherein a metal floor with a wave leakage gap is printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate, and round metal patches with two different specifications are printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate and the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate and are connected through a metallized via hole penetrating through the wave leakage gap. The disadvantage of this method is that it requires a multilayer structure, is complex in structure, and cannot reflect both left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized waves at the same frequency.
In addition, S.Mener, R.Gillard, R.Sauleau, A.Bellion and p. potier, "Dual Circularly Polarized Reflectarray With Independent Control of Polarizations," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and production "adopts a circular polarization selection surface and a half-wave plate reflection unit, and the separation and independent control of two circular polarizations are realized through the circular polarization selection effect of the first functional layer, but the unit of the method is difficult to miniaturize, has poor oblique incidence performance, is also composed of a multi-layer planar structure, has a high unit section, is complex in structure, and has higher requirements on processing realization. Therefore, a dual circularly polarized reflective array antenna with independently controllable radiation beams needs to be studied.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the dual-circular polarization reflective array antenna with the independently controllable radiation beams is provided, a reflective unit is formed by two dielectric substrates and two groups of S-shaped printed metal strips, and then a reflective array is formed, so that the dual-circular polarization reflective array antenna is simple in structure, and on the premise of ensuring good radiation performance of the antenna, left-handed circular polarized waves and right-handed circular polarized waves are reflected at the same time, and the radiation beams of the dual-circular polarization reflective array antenna can be controlled independently.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the dual-circular polarization reflective array antenna comprises a circular polarization antenna feed source for transmitting spherical electromagnetic waves and a dual-S-shaped printed metal strip reflective array for receiving the spherical electromagnetic waves and reflecting the spherical electromagnetic waves into plane waves; the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array is formed by arranging a plurality of double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection units in an array mode.
The circularly polarized antenna feed source faces the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array along the-z direction and is positioned at the phase shift focus of the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array.
Further, the double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit comprises two perpendicular orthogonal dielectric substrates, and each dielectric substrate is provided with two semi-S-shaped printed metal strips in a symmetrical mode; the two medium substrates are assembled in a plug-in mode to form two groups of cascaded S-shaped printed metal strips.
Further, in the double "S" type printed metal strip reflecting unit, the first set of "S" type printed metal strips and the second set of "S" type printed metal strips have the same size, and are the wavelength of the working center frequency.
The first group of S-shaped printed metal strips reflect the left-hand circularly polarized waves and are positioned at one end close to the circularly polarized antenna feed source, and the second group of S-shaped printed metal strips reflect the right-hand circularly polarized waves and are positioned at one end far away from the circularly polarized antenna feed source.
Furthermore, the positions of the two groups of S-shaped printed metal strips in each double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit on the medium substrate are different, so that different compensation phases required by the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave are met. The specific position is calculated as follows:
step 1, calculating a reflection phase, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
wherein,is the reflection phase of the ith double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflection unit, i has a value from 1 to MxN, M represents the number of the double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflection units in the x direction, and N represents the number of the double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflection units in the y direction; k is the propagation constant in free space; r is R i Is the reflection of the printed metal strips of the 1 st to the ith double S-shaped of the circularly polarized antenna feed sourceDistance of the units; />Is the position vector of the ith double 'S' -shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit;is the direction in which the antenna radiates the main beam; />Is a phase constant representing the amount of phase shift required for a dual "S" type printed metal stripe reflective array.
Step 2, the relation between the position of the S-shaped printed metal strip on the medium substrate and the reflection phase is as follows:
wherein dz and dz 1 Representing the relative positions of two sets of "S" shaped printed metal strips on a dielectric substrate.
Further, the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection units are arranged in an array, and the specific arrangement mode comprises the following steps: a plurality of double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units are sequentially arranged in parallel along the x direction, and a plurality of double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units are sequentially stacked along the y direction.
Further, the distance between the S-shaped printed metal strips between adjacent double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units, which are arranged in parallel in the x-direction, is denoted as the first distance.
The distance between the "S" type printed metal strips between adjacent double "S" type printed metal strip reflecting units, in which the "S" type printed metal strips are stacked in the y direction, is noted as a second distance.
The first distance is equal to the second distance.
Furthermore, the invention also provides an independent control method of the radiation beam of the double circular polarization reflective array antenna, aiming at the first group of S-shaped printed metal strips, when the incident electromagnetic wave is the left-hand circular polarization wave, the electric field vector is providedRotating counterclockwise; when the electric field vector direction is toward +x direction, a current i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the electric field vector direction is toward +y direction, the current direction i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 Opposite current i 2 ；i 2 Comparison i 1 With a 90 DEG phase delay, i is the total electrical length of the printed metal strip at the junction of the dielectric substrate in the x-direction and the dielectric substrate in the y-direction is lambda/4 1 Comparison i 2 The phase delay of 90 degrees exists, so that the phase delays of the two are mutually counteracted, the current with equal amplitude and opposite directions is excited on the S-shaped printed metal strip, the whole wave length resonance is shown, and the left-hand circularly polarized wave is reflected; where λ is the wavelength of the operating center frequency.
When the incident electromagnetic wave is right-hand circularly polarized wave, the electric field vector E rotates clockwise; when the electric field vector direction is toward +y direction, a current i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the electric field vector direction is toward +x direction, the S-shaped printed metal strip is generated in the same direction as the current direction i 1 Opposite current i 2 ，i 2 Comparison i 1 With a 90 DEG phase delay, i is the total electrical length of the printed metal strip at the junction of the dielectric substrate in the x-direction and the dielectric substrate in the y-direction is lambda/4 2 Comparison i 1 There will be a phase delay of 90 deg., so i 2 Comparison i 1 Together with 180 phase delay, i 2 And i 1 The directions are the same, the currents cancel each other, and the whole structure is in a non-resonant transmission state.
Further, for the second set of "S" type printed metal strips, when the incident electromagnetic wave is a left-hand circularly polarized wave or a right-hand circularly polarized wave, the situation is opposite to the current generated on the first set of "S" type printed metal strips; when the incident electromagnetic wave is left-hand circularly polarized wave, the currents on the second group of S-shaped printed metal strips are mutually counteracted, and the whole structure is in a non-resonant transmission state; when the incident electromagnetic wave is right-hand circularly polarized wave, the second group of S-shaped printed metal strips can excite constant-amplitude reverse current, and the whole wave length resonance is displayed, so that the right-hand circularly polarized wave is reflected.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
the double-circular polarization reflective array antenna based on the double-S-shaped printed metal strips can reflect left-hand circular polarized waves and right-hand circular polarized waves simultaneously, and achieves the characteristic that the radiation beams of the left-hand circular polarized waves and the right-hand circular polarized waves are independently controllable on the premise of guaranteeing high-gain radiation. Meanwhile, the reflecting unit of the double S-shaped printed metal strip provided by the invention has simple structure and excellent performance, and is convenient to process and realize.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a dual circularly polarized reflective array antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a double "S" type printed metal strip reflecting unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the planar structure of a dielectric substrate and an "S" type printed metal strip of a dual "S" type printed metal strip reflective unit of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the aperture efficiency of the reflective array antenna with F/D according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the gain versus axial ratio of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave of the reflective array antenna according to the embodiment of the invention at the radiation center frequency of 10 GHz.
Fig. 6 is a reflection phase required in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) of fig. 6 is a reflection phase required for each double "S" type printed metal strip reflection unit of the reflection array antenna at the time of incidence of the left-hand circularly polarized wave, and (b) of fig. 6 is a reflection phase required for each double "S" type printed metal strip reflection unit of the reflection array antenna at the time of incidence of the right-hand circularly polarized wave.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the relative position of a first set of "S" type printed metal strips on a dielectric substrate versus their reflection phase and reflection amplitude for a dual "S" type printed metal strip reflective element at the antenna radiation center frequency of 10GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the relative position of a second set of "S" type printed metal strips on a dielectric substrate versus their reflection phase and reflection amplitude for a dual "S" type printed metal strip reflective element at the antenna radiation center frequency of 10GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the gain versus axial ratio of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave of the reflective array antenna according to the embodiment of the invention in the frequency band range from 9GHz to 11 GHz.
Fig. 10 is a far field pattern of a left-hand circularly polarized wave and a right-hand circularly polarized wave of a reflective array antenna at a radiation center frequency of 10GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below on the basis of the figures. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a dual circularly polarized reflective array antenna with independently controllable radiation beams, and a three-dimensional structure is shown in figure 1, and the dual circularly polarized reflective array antenna comprises a circularly polarized antenna feed source 1 and a dual S-shaped printed metal strip reflective array 2. The circular polarized antenna feed source 1 faces the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2 along the-z direction and is positioned right in front of the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2 and is positioned at a phase-shifting focus of the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2, so that spherical electromagnetic waves radiated by the circular polarized antenna feed source 1 become uniform plane waves after being reflected. The distance between the phase center of the circularly polarized antenna feed source 1 and the reflection array surface of the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2 is 217mm.
The double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2 consists of 31 multiplied by 31 printed metal strips with the same structure and two groups of S-shaped printed metal stripsThe double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units 3 with different relative positions of the metal strips on the medium substrate are arranged periodically, the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units 3 are extended periodically along the y axis and stacked periodically at certain intervals along the x axis, wherein p is the same as the number of the metal strips x The periodic size, p of the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units 3 which are sequentially arranged in parallel along the x direction y Is of a period size in which the double "S" type printed metal strip reflecting units 3 are sequentially stacked in the y direction. The three-dimensional structure of the double "S" type printed metal strip reflecting unit 3 is shown in fig. 2, and includes two perpendicular orthogonal dielectric substrates and two "symmetrical" type printed metal strips disposed on the dielectric substrates. The RO4003C dielectric substrate was selected to have a thickness of 0.406mm, a relative dielectric constant of 3.55, and a loss tangent of 0.0027. Copper is selected for printing the metal strip, and the thickness is 0.017mm. The two medium substrates of the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit 3 are assembled in a plug-in mode to form two groups of cascaded S-shaped printed metal strips, and the two parts of the S-shaped printed metal strips are connected through welding.
The cell period size of the double "S" type printed metal strip reflection unit 3 is related to the oblique incidence performance, and the smaller the cell period, the better the oblique incidence performance. In the example, the situation of different cell period sizes is simulated, and when the cell period is larger than 7mm, the reflection oblique incidence performance is more deteriorated; when the cell period is smaller than 7mm, since the cell period is already smaller, the reflection performance is not much optimized for the smaller one, but the number of cells is increased in the case of the same caliber size. Thus 7mm is chosen as the cell cycle size for this example.
The planar structure of the double "S" shaped metal strip reflecting units 3 is shown in FIG. 3, and the first group of "S" shaped metal strips 4 and the second group of "S" shaped metal strips 5 in each double "S" shaped metal strip reflecting unit 3 are the same in size and are l 1+ l 2+ l 3+ l 4 I.e. 1 working center frequency wavelength. P is p z Length l of double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit 3 in z direction 1 、l 2 、l 3 、l 4 Is the length of the S-shaped printed metal strip, r is the radian of the S-shaped printed metal strip, w is the width of the S-shaped printed metal strip, dz and dz 1 Is the relative position of two sets of S-shaped printed metal strips on the medium substrate.
The physical parameters in this example are respectively: p is p x ＝7mm，p y ＝7mm，p z ＝50mm，l 1 ＝2.625mm，l 2 ＝3.41mm，l 3 ＝4.5mm，l 4 ＝1.9mm，r＝1mm，w＝0.15mm。
The first group of S-shaped printed metal strips 4 reflect the left-hand circularly polarized wave and are positioned at one end close to the circularly polarized antenna feed source 1, namely the coordinate is dz, and the second group of S-shaped printed metal strips 5 reflect the right-hand circularly polarized wave and are positioned at one end far from the circularly polarized antenna feed source 1, namely the coordinate is dz 1 . The double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2 realizes the adjustment of the reflection phases of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave by respectively changing the positions of the first group of S-shaped printed metal strips 4 and the second group of S-shaped printed metal strips 5 on the medium substrate. In order to make the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2 have the characteristic of high gain of secondary radiation/scattering energy after being irradiated by the circularly polarized antenna feed source 1, the positions of two groups of S-shaped printed metal strips in each double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection unit 3 on the medium substrate are different.
The working principle is as follows:
and step 1, determining the size D and the proper focal diameter ratio F/D of the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2, wherein F is the distance between the circularly polarized antenna feed source 1 and the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2. The F/D value is determined, and depends on caliber efficiency, and the main factors influencing caliber efficiency are coning efficiency and overflowing efficiency, wherein a specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein eta taper Is the tapering efficiency; η (eta) spillover Is overflow efficiency; a is the area of the caliber surface; p is a Potentilla vector of electromagnetic waves radiated by a circularly polarized antenna feed source, and can be approximately calculated by a cosine function model; i represents the excitation each array element is subjected to.
Based on the above, a trend graph of the aperture efficiency of the reflective array antenna along with the F/D can be obtained, as shown in FIG. 4, as the focal diameter ratio increases, the circularly polarized antenna feed source gradually gets away from the reflective array surface, so that the radiation energy of the overflowing array surface is more, the energy irradiated on the array surface is more uniform, the overflowing efficiency decreases along with the increase of the focal diameter ratio, the tapering efficiency increases along with the increase of the focal diameter ratio, and in theory, the F/D corresponding to the optimal aperture efficiency is about 0.9. However, the performance of the reflective array antenna under different F/D conditions is verified through a simulation diagram shown in FIG. 5, wherein the abscissa of the diagram is frequency and the unit is GHz; the ordinate is gain and axial ratio, in dB. The relation of gain and axial ratio of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave at the radiation center frequency of 10GHz is shown respectively, and the performance is optimal when F/D=1 can be found, because when F/D=0.9, the incidence angle of the circularly polarized antenna feed source to the array surface edge becomes large, and the large-angle oblique incidence can influence the response of the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit 3, and finally the performance of the reflecting array antenna is that the gain is reduced and the axial ratio is deteriorated.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the size of the selected F/D is 1.
Step 2, determining the required reflection phases of the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection unit 3 when the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave are incident according to the F/D value and the required reflection angles of-15 degrees and +15 degrees of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave in the step 1, wherein the specific contents are as follows:
(1) The reflection phase is calculated by the following specific formula:
wherein,is the reflection phase of the ith double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection unit 3, and the value of i is from 1 to 961 (namely 31 multiplied by 31); k is the propagation constant in free space; r is R i Is the distance from the circularly polarized antenna feed source 1 to the ith double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit 3; />Is the position vector of the ith double "S" type printed metal strip reflecting unit 3; />Is the direction in which the antenna radiates the main beam; />Is a phase constant and indicates that the phase shift value required for the dual "S" printed metal strip reflective array 2 is a relative phase value rather than an absolute phase value.
(2) The relation between the position of the S-shaped printed metal strip on the medium substrate and the reflection phase is as follows:
wherein dz and dz 1 Representing the relative positions of two sets of "S" shaped printed metal strips on a dielectric substrate.
Due to the length p of the dielectric substrate in the z direction z For 50mm, determining the reflection phases of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave which can be realized by each unit based on the formulaWill exceed the range of (2)Out of range->The values are folded, subtracting the 360 phase value. As shown in fig. 6, the abscissa and ordinate in the figure represent the number of units in the x-direction and y-direction, together 31×31 cells, and the shades of each cell color represent the different reflection phase values required for the double "S" type printed metal strip reflection unit 3 at that location. Fig. 6 (a) represents the reflection phase required for each double "S" type printed metal strip reflection unit 3 when a left-hand circularly polarized wave is incident, and fig. 6 (b) represents the reflection phase required for each double "S" type printed metal strip reflection unit 3 when a right-hand circularly polarized wave is incident.
And 3, determining the positions of the two groups of the S-shaped printed metal strips on the medium substrate according to the relation between the reflection phases required by the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection unit 3 and the positions of the two groups of the S-shaped printed metal strips on the medium substrate and the reflection phases of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave, thereby determining the final structure of the whole double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2.
And 4, placing the circularly polarized antenna feed source 1 and the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2 according to the position relation shown in fig. 1, wherein the distance between the circularly polarized antenna feed source 1 and the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array 2 is determined by F determined in the step 1. At this time, the whole double circular polarization reflective array antenna is built.
Step 5 taking one of the double "S" type printed metal strip reflection units 3 as an example, when the incident electromagnetic wave is a left-hand circularly polarized wave, the electric field vector is directed to the first group of "S" type printed metal strips 4Rotated counterclockwise. When the electric field vector direction is toward +x direction, a current i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 When the electric field vector direction is toward +y direction, the current direction i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 Opposite current i 2 . Although i 2 Comparison i 1 There will be a phase delay of 90 deg., but since the total electrical length of the printed metal strip where the dielectric substrate in the x-direction and the dielectric substrate in the y-direction are connected is lambda/4, i 1 Comparison i 2 There is a phase delay of 90 deg., so that the phase delays cancel each other. The S-shaped printed metal strip is excited with current with equal amplitude and opposite direction, and the whole wave length resonance is displayed, and the left-hand circularly polarized wave is reflected.
When the incident electromagnetic wave is right-hand circularly polarized wave, the electric field vectorAnd rotates clockwise. When the electric field vector direction is toward +y direction, a current i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the electric field vector direction is toward +x direction, the S-shaped printed metal strip is generated in the same direction as the current direction i 1 Opposite current i 2 ，i 2 Comparison i 1 With a 90 DEG phase delay, i is the total electrical length of the printed metal strip at the junction of the dielectric substrate in the x-direction and the dielectric substrate in the y-direction is lambda/4 2 Comparison i 1 There will be a phase delay of 90 deg., so i 2 Comparison i 1 With a total phase delay of 180 DEG, i 2 And i 1 The currents in the same direction cancel each other out, and the whole structure is in a non-resonant transmission state.
Similarly, for the second group of S-shaped printed metal strips 5, when the incident electromagnetic wave is a left-hand circularly polarized wave, the electric field vectorRotated counterclockwise. When the electric field vector direction is toward +x direction, a current i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 When the electric field vector direction is toward +y direction, the current direction i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 Opposite current i 2 ，i 2 Comparison i 1 There will be a phase delay of 90 deg.. Meanwhile, as the total electrical length of the printed metal strip at the joint of the dielectric substrate in the x direction and the dielectric substrate in the y direction is lambda/4, i 2 Comparison i 1 Also will have 90Phase delay of degree, so i 2 Comparison i 1 With a total phase delay of 180 DEG, i 1 And i 2 The currents in the same direction cancel each other out, and the whole structure is in a non-resonant transmission state.
When the incident electromagnetic wave is right-hand circularly polarized wave, the electric field vectorAnd rotates clockwise. When the electric field vector direction is toward +y direction, a current i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the electric field vector direction is toward +x direction, the S-shaped printed metal strip is generated in the same direction as the current direction i 1 Opposite current i 2 ，i 2 Comparison i 1 With a 90 DEG phase delay, i is the total electrical length of the printed metal strip at the junction of the dielectric substrate in the x-direction and the dielectric substrate in the y-direction is lambda/4 1 Comparison i 2 There is also a phase delay of 90 °, so that the opposite phase delays cancel each other, and a current with equal amplitude and opposite directions is excited on the S-shaped printed metal strip, so that the whole exhibits a wavelength resonance, and the right-hand circularly polarized wave is reflected.
Fig. 7 shows a graph of the position of the first group of S-shaped printed metal strips 4 on the dielectric substrate in the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit 3 at the antenna radiation center frequency of 10GHz, versus the reflection phases of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave. The abscissa in the figure is the position of the double "S" type printed metal strip on the dielectric substrate in millimeters (mm), and the ordinate in the figure is the phase and the reflection amplitude in degrees (deg) and dB, respectively. It can be seen from the figure that changing dz changes the reflection phase of the left-hand circularly polarized wave, but has no substantial effect on the reflection phase of the right-hand circularly polarized wave, the reflection amplitude of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave, so that the requirement on the reflection phase of the left-hand circularly polarized wave of each double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflection unit 3 can be satisfied by changing dz.
FIG. 8 shows a second set of "S" shaped printed metal strips in a double "S" shaped printed metal strip reflective element 3 at the antenna radiation center frequency of 10GHzAnd the position of the belt 5 on the dielectric substrate is related to the reflection phases of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave. As can be seen from the figure, the dz is changed 1 The reflected phase of the right-hand circularly polarized wave is changed, but the reflected phase of the left-hand circularly polarized wave, the reflected amplitudes of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave are not basically influenced, so dz can be changed 1 To meet the requirement of the right-hand circular polarized wave reflection phase of each double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflection unit 3.
The two groups of S-shaped printed metal strips in the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit 3 move back and forth basically without mutual interference, and the reflecting phase of the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit 3 can be uniquely determined by the positions of the two groups of S-shaped printed metal strips on the medium substrate.
Fig. 9 shows the gain versus axial ratio curves of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave of the reflective array antenna with respect to frequency. The abscissa in the figure is frequency in GHz; the ordinate is gain and axial ratio, in dB. The reflection array antenna realizes high gain characteristics of left-hand circularly polarized wave 24.2dB and right-hand circularly polarized wave 23.5dB at the antenna radiation center frequency of 10GHz, the gain reduction ranges of 1dB are 9.49GHz-10.15GHz and 9.53GHz-10.17GHz respectively, the absolute bandwidths are 0.66GHz and 0.64GHz respectively, the relative bandwidths are about 6.7% and 6.5% respectively, the 3dB axial ratio ranges are 8.02-10.57GHz and 9.06-10.86GHz respectively, the absolute bandwidths are 2.55GHz and 1.8GHz respectively, and the relative bandwidths are about 27.6% and 18.1% respectively.
Fig. 10 shows normalized far field patterns of a reflected array antenna for left-hand circularly polarized wave and right-hand circularly polarized wave at the radiation center frequency, with the abscissa in degrees deg. The ordinate in the figure is gain in dB. As can be seen from the figure, the high-gain reflective array antenna realizes narrower beams, the lobe levels at other angles are lower, the highest side lobe level of the left-hand circularly polarized wave is only about-16 dB, and the highest side lobe level of the right-hand circularly polarized wave is only about-13.6 dB. Meanwhile, the high-gain reflective array antenna has good cross polarization isolation, and the cross polarization of the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave is lower than-20 dB.
By combining the experimental results, the antenna provided by the invention realizes a better high-gain radiation effect, can reflect the left-hand circularly polarized wave and the right-hand circularly polarized wave at the same time, and realizes the independent and controllable characteristics of the left-hand circularly polarized wave beam and the right-hand circularly polarized wave radiation beam on the premise of ensuring high-gain radiation. In addition, the double circular polarization reflective array antenna based on the double S-shaped printed metal strips is simple and convenient to manufacture, has excellent performance and has good application prospect in the field of radar communication application.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The dual-circular polarization reflective array antenna comprises a circular polarization antenna feed source (1) for emitting spherical electromagnetic waves and a dual-S-shaped printed metal strip reflective array (2) for receiving the spherical electromagnetic waves and reflecting the spherical electromagnetic waves into plane waves; the double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array (2) is characterized by being formed by arranging a plurality of double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflection units (3) in an array manner;
the circularly polarized antenna feed source (1) faces the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array (2) along the-z direction and is positioned at a phase-shifting focus of the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflection array (2);
the double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit (3) comprises two perpendicular orthogonal dielectric substrates, and each dielectric substrate is provided with two semi-S-shaped printed metal strips in a symmetrical mode; the two medium substrates are assembled in a plugging mode to form two groups of cascaded S-shaped printed metal strips;
in the double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit (3), the first group of S-shaped printed metal strips (4) and the second group of S-shaped printed metal strips (5) have the same size and are the working center frequency wavelength;
the first group of S-shaped printed metal strips (4) reflect the left-hand circularly polarized waves and are positioned at one end close to the circularly polarized antenna feed source, and the second group of S-shaped printed metal strips (5) reflect the right-hand circularly polarized waves and are positioned at one end far from the circularly polarized antenna feed source;
the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units (3) are arranged in an array, and the specific arrangement mode comprises the following steps: a plurality of double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units (3) are sequentially and parallelly arranged along the x direction, and a plurality of double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units (3) are sequentially stacked along the y direction;
the distance between the S-shaped printed metal strips between the adjacent double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units (3) which are arranged in parallel in the x direction is recorded as a first distance;
the distance between the S-shaped printed metal strips between the adjacent double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units (3) of the S-shaped printed metal strips stacked in the y direction is recorded as a second distance;
the first distance is equal to the second distance;
the x direction and the y direction are directions in which two perpendicular orthogonal dielectric substrates are respectively positioned, the half S-shaped printed metal strip is positioned in the +y direction on the x-direction dielectric substrate, and the half S-shaped printed metal strip is positioned in the +x direction on the y-direction dielectric substrate; the z direction is the normal direction to the plane in which the x direction and the y direction lie.
2. The dual circularly polarized array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the positions of the two groups of S-shaped printed metal strips on the dielectric substrate in each of the dual S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting units (3) are different, and the specific position calculating steps are as follows:
s1, calculating a reflection phase, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
wherein,is the reflection phase of the ith double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflection unit (3), i has a value from 1 to MxN, M represents the number of the double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflection units in the x direction, and N represents the number of the double-S-shaped printed metal strip reflection units in the y direction; k is the propagation constant in free space; r is R i Is the distance from the circularly polarized antenna feed source 1 to the ith double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit (3); />Is the position vector of the ith double S-shaped printed metal strip reflecting unit (3); />Is the direction in which the antenna radiates the main beam; />Is a phase constant representing the phase shift value required by the double S-shaped printed metal strip reflective array (2);
step S2, the relation between the position of the S-shaped printed metal strip on the medium substrate and the reflection phase is as follows:
wherein dz and dz 1 Representing the relative positions of two sets of "S" shaped printed metal strips on a dielectric substrate.
3. The method for independently controlling radiation beams based on the dual circularly polarized array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, for the first group of S-shaped printed metal strips (4), when the incident electromagnetic wave is left-handedElectric field vector in circularly polarized waveRotating counterclockwise; when the electric field vector direction is toward +x direction, a current i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the electric field vector direction is toward +y direction, the current direction i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 Opposite current i 2 The phase delays of the two are mutually counteracted, the current with equal amplitude and opposite directions is excited on the S-shaped printed metal strip, the whole wave length resonance is shown, and the left-hand circularly polarized wave is reflected;
when the incident electromagnetic wave is right-hand circularly polarized wave, the electric field vectorRotating clockwise; when the electric field vector direction is toward +y direction, a current i is generated on the S-shaped printed metal strip 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the electric field vector direction is toward +x direction, the S-shaped printed metal strip is generated in the same direction as the current direction i 1 Opposite current i 2 The two currents cancel each other, and the whole structure is in a non-resonant transmission state.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that for the second set of "S" printed metal strips (5), when the incident electromagnetic wave is a left-hand or right-hand circularly polarized wave, the current situation generated on the first set of "S" printed metal strips (4) is reversed; wherein the method comprises the steps of
When the incident electromagnetic wave is left-hand circularly polarized wave, the currents on the second group of S-shaped printed metal strips (5) are mutually counteracted, and the whole structure is in a non-resonant transmission state;
when the incident electromagnetic wave is right-hand circularly polarized wave, the second group of S-shaped printed metal strips (5) can excite constant-amplitude reverse current, and the whole wave represents one wavelength resonance, and the right-hand circularly polarized wave is reflected.
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