CN116432313A - Digital twin architecture and intelligent control method of electric automobile thermal management system - Google Patents
Digital twin architecture and intelligent control method of electric automobile thermal management system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
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Abstract
The invention relates to a digital twin architecture of an electric automobile thermal management system and an intelligent control method, and belongs to the field of electric automobile thermal management. The invention utilizes a digital twin technology to establish a digital twin body corresponding to each component of each module of the physical real vehicle thermal management in a cloud platform thermal management digital space; acquiring real-time operation data of a physical real vehicle through sensing equipment and uploading the digital space digital twin engine of the cloud platform; the digital twin engine utilizes real-time operation data to enable the digital twin body and the physical real vehicle to realize accurate mapping; an intelligent computing module in the digital twin engine computes an optimal thermal management strategy of the electric automobile in real time through a digital twin coupling operation result; the physical real vehicle receives the optimal thermal management strategy from the digital space, and completes primary automobile thermal management control. The invention can improve the control efficiency and the precision of the integrated thermal management of the electric automobile, improve the endurance mileage of the electric automobile and reduce the thermal runaway risk of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electric automobile thermal management, and relates to a digital twin architecture of an electric automobile thermal management system and an intelligent control method.
Background
The integrated thermal management of the electric automobile is a core device for realizing temperature regulation and control of an electric automobile passenger cabin, a power battery, an electric drive, an electric control and the like, and simultaneously relates to combined control of a refrigeration/heat pump, battery water cooling, electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery, passenger cabin air and the like, but the limited calculation performance of the traditional vehicle-mounted chip can only meet the rough control based on PID, rule lookup table and the like, the efficient and accurate regulation and control of the whole cooperation of a thermal management system are difficult to realize, and under the complex and changeable actual operation conditions, the thermal management system is extremely easy to have the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency, poor temperature control and the like, so that a series of serious consequences such as vehicle endurance is reduced, battery aging is aggravated, battery thermal runaway and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a digital twin architecture and an intelligent control method of an electric vehicle thermal management system, which constructs real-time data transmission interaction between a cloud and an actual electric vehicle by establishing a digital twin engine, and accurately regulates and controls each component of thermal management by lowering the data transmission into the actual vehicle, so as to ensure optimal temperature control states of an electric vehicle passenger compartment, a power battery, an electric drive, an electric control and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the digital twin architecture of the electric automobile thermal management system comprises a thermal management system physical space and a thermal management system digital space.
Wherein the thermal management system physical space comprises: physical real vehicles, sensing devices mounted on the physical real vehicles and terminal thermal management control centers mounted on the physical real vehicles.
The thermal management system digital space includes: a digital twin and a digital twin engine.
The digital twin body is a thermal management model corresponding to a physical real vehicle in a digital space constructed by utilizing a digital twin technology, and comprises a battery pack cooling/heating module digital twin body, an electric driving electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module digital twin body, a passenger cabin cooling/heating module digital twin body and a heat pump/refrigerating module digital twin body.
The sensing equipment is used for collecting operation data representing the real-time operation state of the physical real vehicle, and uploading the operation data to the digital twin engine through the terminal thermal management control center, and meanwhile the terminal thermal management control center receives a thermal management control strategy issued by the digital twin engine. The digital twin body is used for realizing digital space mirroring of the electric automobile thermal management system in the physical space; the digital twin engine is used for realizing real-time connection synchronization of the physical space and the digital space.
Optionally, the battery pack cooling/heating module digital twin body comprises a battery pack digital twin body and four models, and digital mapping of the battery pack cooling/heating module of the physical real vehicle is achieved.
The model specifically comprises the following steps:
the battery pack model simulates the response relation among all state quantities in the working process of the battery pack;
the first water pump model simulates the water pump characteristics of a physical real vehicle in the cooling process of the battery pack;
the water cooling plate model simulates the heat exchange relation between the cooling liquid circulation and the battery pack in the cooling process of the battery pack;
and the PTC model simulates the auxiliary heating process of the PTC heater to the battery pack under the cold working condition.
Optionally, the electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module digital twin body comprises a motor sub-digital twin body and three models, so that digital mapping of the physical real vehicle electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module is realized.
The model specifically comprises:
the electric drive electric control model simulates the temperature change and heat generation characteristics of a power drive system and a drive control system in the running process of a physical real vehicle;
a radiator model for simulating the characteristics of the cooling liquid of the electric drive system and the heat dissipation process of the external air;
and the second water pump model simulates the characteristics of a physical real vehicle water pump in the electric drive electric control cooling process.
Optionally, the passenger cabin cooling/heating module digital twin comprises a passenger cabin sub-digital twin and two models, and digital mapping of the physical real vehicle passenger cabin cooling/heating module is achieved.
The model specifically comprises:
the passenger cabin model simulates temperature and humidity changes and heat load of the passenger cabin in the physical real vehicle running process;
a fan model simulates the fan characteristics in the passenger compartment cooling/heating module.
Optionally, the heat pump/refrigeration module digital twin body comprises a compressor sub-digital twin body and five models, so that digital mapping of the physical real vehicle heat pump/refrigeration module is realized.
The model specifically comprises:
a compressor model simulating characteristics of compressor compression, suction and circulation in the heat pump/refrigeration module;
the condenser model simulates the characteristics of a condensing and radiating process of the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant;
an expansion valve model for simulating the characteristics of the throttling and depressurization process of the refrigerant;
an evaporator model simulating the characteristics of the refrigerant evaporation and heat absorption process;
and a water-cooling heat exchanger model for simulating the cooling property of the refrigerant in the evaporation process.
Optionally, the digital twin engine includes an intelligent computing module and a data storage and management module. The intelligent computing module utilizes the data in the data storage and management module to combine with an intelligent optimization algorithm to solve and obtain the optimal control strategy of the thermal management system under the current working condition, and the thermal management control center of the physical space terminal is lowered; the data storage and management module receives data acquired by sensing equipment from a physical space, processes the data and stores the processed data.
Scheme II, an electric automobile thermal management system intelligent control method based on digital twin architecture, comprising the following steps:
s1: taking an automobile entity needing thermal management as a physical entity, and constructing a digital twin body in a digital space by utilizing a digital twin technology;
s2: acquiring data representing the running state of the physical entity by sensing equipment, and calculating the acquired data in real time to obtain calculation data representing the running state of the physical entity; uploading the acquired data and the calculated data to a data storage and management module of the digital twin engine;
s3: identifying the model parameters of the digital twin body established in the step S1 by utilizing the data stored by the digital twin engine and combining an intelligent optimization algorithm, and finally realizing accurate bidirectional mapping of the digital twin body and a physical entity and real-time updating of the running state;
s4: when the operation condition changes, an intelligent computing module of the digital twin engine receives the updated real-time operation parameters from the data management and storage module, determines a to-be-optimized thermal management control variable in the control strategy by utilizing an intelligent optimization algorithm, computes the control strategy of the thermal management of the automobile in real time, and transmits the control strategy to the digital twin body;
the thermal management control variables to be optimized specifically include: the system comprises a heat pump/refrigeration module, a PTC input current in a battery pack cooling/heating module, a water pump rotating speed in an electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module, a radiator fan rotating speed and a fan rotating speed in a passenger cabin cooling/heating module, wherein the heat pump/refrigeration module comprises a compressor rotating speed and an electronic expansion valve opening;
s5: the data management and storage module receives the real-time operation parameters from the digital twin body again and transmits the real-time operation parameters to the intelligent computing module so as to update the thermal management control variable to be optimized; then repeating the step S5 until reaching the optimal control strategy;
s6: and the terminal thermal management control center receives the control strategy and the parameter information from the intelligent computing module and completes one-time thermal management cycle control of the automobile by utilizing the control strategy and the parameter information.
Further, the control strategies include a battery pack cooling/heating module control strategy, a passenger compartment cooling/heating module control strategy, and an electrically driven electronically controlled cooling/waste heat recovery module control strategy.
The battery pack cooling/heating module control strategy specifically comprises the following steps: calculating the heat generation amount of the battery pack, the SOC of the battery pack and the temperature field of the battery pack in real time by using acquired data and calculated data obtained by a sensor at the battery pack, and comparing the heat generation amount, the SOC and the temperature field of the battery pack with the preset optimal temperature of the battery pack;
when the temperature of the battery pack is higher than a preset temperature, the rotation speed of a compressor and the opening degree of an electronic expansion valve in the heat pump/refrigeration module are regulated, and the rotation speed of a water pump of the battery pack cooling/heating module is regulated;
when the temperature of the battery pack is lower than the preset temperature, the four-way valve is adjusted, so that the electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module is connected with the battery pack cooling/heating module through a pipeline, the battery pack is heated by utilizing the electric drive electric control cooling liquid waste heat, and meanwhile, the power of the PTC heater is adjusted to heat the battery pack.
The passenger cabin cooling/heating module control strategy specifically comprises: and calculating to obtain a three-dimensional temperature field of the current passenger cabin and a passenger cabin PMV according to acquired data and calculated data obtained by sensors at the passenger cabin, and controlling the three-dimensional temperature field of the passenger cabin by adjusting the rotating speed of a compressor and the opening of an electronic expansion valve in a heat pump/refrigeration module by taking human comfort as a target.
The control strategy of the electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module is specifically as follows: when the electric control temperature exceeds the optimal working temperature, the electric control system is kept in a proper working temperature range by adjusting the rotation speed of the water pump and the rotation speed of the fan of the radiator in the module; when the automobile works under the cold working condition, the four-way valve is adjusted, so that the cooling liquid circulation of the electric drive electric control system is connected with the cooling liquid circulation of the battery pack, the battery pack is heated by utilizing the waste heat of the cooling liquid of the electric drive electric control system, and the heat management power consumption of the automobile is reduced.
Further, the thermal management control variables to be optimized include compressor speed and electronic expansion valve opening in the heat pump/refrigeration module, PTC power and water pump speed in the battery pack cooling/heating module, water pump speed and radiator fan speed in the electrically driven electronically controlled cooling/waste heat recovery module, and fan speed in the passenger compartment cooling/heating module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the digital twin architecture for integrated thermal management intelligent control of the electric automobile can realize integral cooperative control of a thermal management system of the electric automobile, the digital twin body of the whole automobile thermal management model is established at the cloud, real-time updating of the digital twin body is kept through data acquisition, the optimal control quantity of a control strategy is realized through an optimization algorithm, real-time regulation and control and accurate control of the thermal management control are realized, optimal temperature control states of an electric automobile passenger cabin, a power battery, electric drive, electric control and the like are guaranteed, thermal management power consumption is reduced, the endurance mileage of the automobile is improved, and the risk of thermal runaway of the battery is reduced.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a digital twin architecture;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent control method;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of digital twins and sub-digital twins interactions;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an integrated thermal management control strategy.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or suggesting that the referred device or element must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the specific meaning of the above terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Fig. 1 shows a digital twin architecture of an electric car thermal management system, which includes a thermal management system physical space and a thermal management system digital space.
The thermal management physical space is specifically: physical real vehicles, sensing equipment carried by the physical real vehicles and terminal thermal management control centers carried by the physical real vehicles.
The physical real vehicle comprises four heat management modules: the system comprises a battery pack cooling/heating module, an electrically-driven and electrically-controlled cooling/waste heat recovery module, a passenger cabin cooling/heating module and a heat pump/refrigerating module. The battery pack cooling/heating module includes: battery pack, water pump, water-cooling plate, PTC heater. The electrically controlled cooling/waste heat recovery module of electric drive includes: the electric drive system comprises an electric drive system, a water pump, a radiator and a radiator fan. The heat pump/refrigeration module includes: the system comprises a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a water-cooled heat exchanger and an electronic expansion valve. The passenger compartment cooling/heating module includes: passenger cabin, fan.
The heat pump/refrigeration module supplies cold energy to the battery pack through the water-cooling heat exchanger, and supplies heat or cold to the passenger cabin directly through the condenser and the evaporator. The electric-driven electric-controlled cooling/waste heat recovery module exchanges heat with the external environment through the radiator and the fan, and is coupled with the battery pack cooling/heating module by the four-way valve, and when the working condition temperature is low, the cooling liquid of the electric-driven electric-controlled cooling/waste heat recovery module supplies heat to the battery pack.
The sensing equipment is carried by a physical real vehicle in a physical space and is provided with a digital interface, and is mainly used for collecting operation data for indicating the real-time operation state of the real vehicle, and specifically comprises the following steps: temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor, flow sensor, current sensor, voltage sensor, power sensor, rotational speed sensor, etc. Each sensor is arranged in four modules of a physical real vehicle, and real-time monitoring physical real vehicle running data comprises: temperature, pressure, humidity, flow, rotating speed, vehicle speed, motor torque, valve opening, current, voltage and the like, and uploading the temperature, pressure, humidity, flow, rotating speed, vehicle speed, motor torque, valve opening, current, voltage and the like to a terminal thermal management control center through a network.
The terminal thermal management control center is linked with the digital twin engine in the cloud digital space through the Ethernet, uploads real-time operation data of the physical real vehicle, receives a thermal management control strategy issued by the digital twin engine, and regulates and controls components of each system of the physical real vehicle according to the thermal management strategy so as to ensure that each system is in an optimal working state.
The thermal management digital space is specifically: digital twins and digital twins engines.
The digital twin body is a thermal management model which is constructed by utilizing a digital twin technology and corresponds to a physical real vehicle in a digital space. It comprises four digital twins: the system comprises a battery pack cooling/heating module digital twin body, an electrically driven electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module digital twin body, a passenger cabin cooling/heating module digital twin body, a heat pump/refrigeration module digital twin body and four sub-digital twin bodies: the system comprises a battery package digital twin body, a motor digital twin body, a passenger cabin digital twin body and a compressor digital twin body. The digital twin bodies and the sub-digital twin bodies are coupled with each other, so that digital space mirroring of the physical space electric vehicle integrated thermal management system is realized.
The digital twin engine is a driving engine for realizing real-time connection synchronization of a physical system and a virtual system, and an engine core of intelligent algorithm and intelligent calculation of the digital twin system, and specifically comprises two modules: the intelligent computing module and the data storage and management module. The intelligent computing module utilizes the data in the data storage and management module to combine with the intelligent optimization algorithm to solve and obtain the optimal control strategy of the thermal management system under the current working condition, and the thermal management control center of the physical space terminal is lowered; the data storage and management module receives data acquired by the sensing equipment from the physical space, processes the data and stores the processed data.
As shown in fig. 3, the digital twin mirror image mapping of the electric automobile thermal management system is realized through the data interaction between the digital twin body and the sub-digital twin body, so that the digital twin engine strong calculation power is combined to calculate and obtain the optimal thermal management strategy under the current working condition.
Specifically:
1) The battery pack cooling/heating module digital twin body comprises four models and a battery pack digital twin body so as to realize digital mapping of the battery pack cooling/heating module of the physical real vehicle. The model is specifically as follows: a battery pack model, a first water pump model, a water cooling plate model and a PTC model.
The battery pack model is specifically an electric-thermal-aging coupling model of the battery pack, and simulates the response relationship between terminal voltage, battery internal resistance, power, state of charge and temperature current of the battery pack, and the response relationship between temperature change, capacity decay, charge-discharge multiplying power, temperature, current and battery service time in the charge-discharge process. The first water pump model simulates the physical real vehicle water pump characteristic in the battery pack cooling process, describes the response relation among water pump efficiency, rotating speed and water pump power consumption, the change relation among battery pack heat dissipation capacity and module cooling liquid circulation flow, and the response relation among water pump outlet and inlet pressure difference, cooling liquid circulation flow and water pump power. The water cooling plate model simulates the heat exchange relation between cooling liquid circulation and the battery pack in the cooling process of the battery pack, determines the heat dissipation capacity of the battery pack, and optimizes the temperature field of the battery pack by combining the battery pack thermal characteristic model. The PTC model simulates the auxiliary heating process of the PTC heater to the battery pack under the cold working condition, and shows the response relation between the current and the voltage of the PTC and the PTC heating amount.
The battery package digital twin body is a three-dimensional model of a physical real vehicle battery package, and data such as the temperature of the real vehicle battery package, the cooling mode of a water cooling plate, the flow rate of cooling liquid, the temperature and the like acquired by a sensor are used for carrying out simulation analysis on the temperature field of the battery package, establishing a three-dimensional temperature field of the battery package, representing the temperature uniformity of the battery package under different working conditions, and providing reference for further optimizing the temperature control of the battery package.
2) The cabin cooling/heating module digital twin comprises two models and a cabin sub-digital twin to realize digital mapping of the physical real vehicle cabin cooling/heating module. The model is specifically as follows: a passenger cabin model and a fan model.
The passenger cabin model simulates temperature and humidity changes and heat load of the passenger cabin in the running process of the automobile, and comprises solar radiation heat load, ventilation heat load, electronic equipment heat load, external convection heat load and human body heat generation heat load. The fan model simulates the fan characteristic in the passenger cabin cooling/heating module, controls the rotating speed of the fan, controls the convection heat exchange coefficient in the heat exchange process of the passenger cabin, the evaporator and the condenser of the heat pump/refrigerating module, and further controls the heating/cooling capacity of the heat pump/refrigerating module for the passenger cabin.
The passenger cabin sub-digital twin body is a physical real vehicle passenger cabin three-dimensional model, simulates the heat exchange conditions of different physical structure temperatures of the passenger cabin, external environment, internal air, solar radiation and the like, and establishes a passenger cabin three-dimensional temperature field.
3) The heat pump/refrigeration module digital twin body comprises five models and a compressor sub-digital twin body so as to realize digital mapping of the physical real vehicle heat pump/refrigeration module. The model is specifically as follows: a compressor model, a condenser model, an evaporator model, an expansion valve model and a water-cooled heat exchanger model.
The compressor model simulates the characteristics of compression, suction and circulation of a compressor in the heat pump/refrigeration module, the response relation between the mass flow of the refrigerant, the rotating speed of the compressor and the volumetric efficiency of the compressor, and the enthalpy value and the temperature change of the refrigerant in the compression process are determined by combining the pressure data of the refrigerant at the inlet and outlet of the compressor. The condenser model simulates the condensation heat dissipation process characteristics of the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant, and the response relationship between the condensation heat dissipation capacity and the temperature, the refrigerant mass flow and the condensation pressure of the refrigerant entering and exiting the condenser. The expansion valve model simulates the characteristics of the refrigerant throttling and depressurization process, and the response relationship between the refrigerant flow of the expansion valve and the opening degree and the evaporation/condensation pressure of the expansion valve. The evaporator model simulates the characteristic of the evaporation heat absorption process of the refrigerant, and the response relationship between the heat absorption capacity of the evaporation process and the temperature of the refrigerant entering and exiting the evaporator, the mass flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the expansion valve and the evaporation pressure. The water-cooled heat exchanger model simulates the cooling characteristic of the refrigerant in the evaporation process on the cooling liquid, and the response relationship among the heat absorption capacity of the refrigerant, the temperature drop of the cooling liquid, the mass flow of the refrigerant, the temperature of the refrigerant entering and exiting the heat exchanger, the evaporation pressure and the mass flow of the cooling liquid.
The compressor sub-digital twin body is a physical real vehicle compressor three-dimensional model, simulates the internal working process and the air valve motion rule of the compressor, and represents the response relation between the isentropic efficiency, the volumetric efficiency, the power and the power consumption of the compressor and parameters such as the refrigerant pressure, the refrigerant flow and the compressor rotating speed.
4) The digital twin body of the electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module comprises three models and a motor digital twin body so as to realize digital mapping of the physical real vehicle electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module. The model is specifically as follows: an electric driving electric control model, a radiator model and a second water pump model.
The electric drive electric control model simulates the temperature change and heat generation characteristics of a power drive system and a drive control system in the running process of the electric automobile, and the power drive system and the drive control system comprise motor heat generation, transmission structure heat generation, inverter heat generation and electric control system heat generation. The second water pump model simulates the physical real vehicle water pump characteristic in the electric driving electric control cooling process, describes the change relation between the electric driving electric control heat dissipation capacity and the module cooling liquid circulation flow, and describes the response relation between the water pump, the inlet pressure difference, the cooling liquid circulation flow and the water pump power. The radiator module simulates the characteristics of the cooling liquid and the external air of the electric drive electric control system in the heat dissipation process, and the response relationship among the heat dissipation capacity in the heat dissipation process, the temperature of the electric drive electric control system, the rotating speed of a radiator fan, the mass flow of the cooling liquid and the temperature of the cooling liquid.
The motor digital twin body is a physical real vehicle motor three-dimensional model, simulates the working state of the motor in the running process of the automobile, and outputs a motor three-dimensional temperature field and motor power consumption according to the speed, the torque, the current and the voltage of the motor.
As shown in fig. 2, the integrated thermal management intelligent control method for the electric automobile based on the digital twin architecture comprises the following steps:
s1: taking an automobile entity needing thermal management as a physical entity, and constructing a digital twin body in a digital space by utilizing a digital twin technology;
s2: acquiring data representing the running state of the physical entity by sensing equipment, and calculating the acquired data in real time to obtain calculation data representing the running state of the physical entity; uploading the acquired data and the calculated data to a data storage and management module of the digital twin engine;
s3: identifying the model parameters of the digital twin body established in the step S1 by utilizing the data stored by the digital twin engine and combining an intelligent optimization algorithm, and finally realizing accurate bidirectional mapping of the digital twin body and a physical entity and real-time updating of the running state;
s4: when the operation condition changes, an intelligent computing module of the digital twin engine receives the updated real-time operation parameters from the data management and storage module, determines a to-be-optimized thermal management control variable in the control strategy by utilizing an intelligent optimization algorithm, computes the control strategy of the thermal management of the automobile in real time, and transmits the control strategy to the digital twin body;
s5: the data management and storage module receives the real-time operation parameters from the digital twin body again and transmits the real-time operation parameters to the intelligent computing module so as to update the thermal management control variable to be optimized; then repeating the step S5 until reaching the optimal control strategy;
s6: and the terminal thermal management control center receives the control strategy and the parameter information from the intelligent computing module and completes one-time thermal management cycle control of the automobile by utilizing the control strategy and the parameter information.
The intelligent optimization algorithm in step S3 includes, but is not limited to: a rule-based optimization algorithm, a learning-based optimization algorithm, a free combination of one or more of the optimization-based optimization algorithms.
The thermal management control variables to be optimized in step S4 specifically include: the system comprises a heat pump/refrigeration module, a PTC input current in a battery pack cooling/heating module, a water pump rotating speed in an electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module, a radiator fan rotating speed and a fan rotating speed in a passenger cabin cooling/heating module.
As shown in fig. 4, the present example provides a control strategy based on a digital twin architecture thermal management system, where the control strategy is calculated by an intelligent computing module of a digital twin engine in a digital space in combination with real-time data and historical data of a data storage and management module, and specifically, a battery pack cooling/heating module control strategy, a passenger cabin cooling/heating module control strategy, and an electrically driven and electrically controlled cooling/waste heat recovery module control strategy.
1) The battery pack cooling/heating module control strategy specifically comprises the following steps: and calculating the heat generation quantity of the battery pack, the SOC of the battery pack and the temperature field of the battery pack in real time by utilizing acquired data and calculated data obtained by various sensors at the battery pack, and comparing the heat generation quantity, the SOC and the temperature field of the battery pack with the preset optimal temperature of the battery pack. When the temperature of the battery pack is higher than the preset temperature, the SOH and the uniformity of the temperature of the battery pack are comprehensively considered, the rotation speed of a compressor and the opening of an electronic expansion valve in a heat pump/refrigerating module are regulated, the rotation speed of a water pump of a battery pack cooling/heating module is regulated, the temperature of the battery pack is reduced, the temperature of the battery pack is enabled to be in a proper position, and meanwhile, the uniformity of the temperature of the battery pack is optimized; when the temperature of the battery pack is lower than the preset temperature, the four-way valve is regulated, so that the electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module is connected with the battery pack cooling/heating module through a pipeline, and the battery pack is heated by utilizing the electric drive electric control cooling liquid waste heat, so that the heat management power consumption is reduced; meanwhile, the power of the PTC heater is adjusted to heat the battery pack, so that the battery pack is in an optimal working temperature range, and the capacity attenuation of the battery is optimized.
2) The passenger cabin cooling/heating module control strategy specifically comprises: according to the acquired data and calculated data obtained by various sensors arranged at the passenger cabin, the current passenger cabin three-dimensional temperature field and the passenger cabin PMV are calculated, the comfort of a human body is taken as a target, and the three-dimensional temperature field of the passenger cabin is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of a compressor and the opening of an electronic expansion valve in a heat pump/refrigeration module and the rotating speed of a fan of a passenger cabin system, so that the passenger cabin is at a proper temperature, and the comfort of passengers at different positions of the passenger cabin is met.
3) The control strategy of the electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module is specifically as follows: when the electric control temperature exceeds the optimal working temperature, the electric control system is always kept in a proper working temperature range by adjusting the rotation speed of the water pump and the rotation speed of the radiator fan in the module. When the automobile works under the cold working condition, the four-way valve is adjusted, so that the cooling liquid circulation of the electric drive electric control system is connected with the cooling liquid circulation of the battery pack, the battery pack is heated by utilizing the waste heat of the cooling liquid of the electric drive electric control system, and the heat management power consumption of the automobile is reduced.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The digital twin architecture of the electric automobile thermal management system is characterized in that: including a thermal management system physical space and a thermal management system digital space;
the thermal management system physical space comprises: physical real vehicles, sensing equipment carried by the physical real vehicles and terminal thermal management control centers carried by the physical real vehicles; the thermal management system digital space includes: a digital twin and digital twin engine;
the digital twin body is a thermal management model corresponding to a physical real vehicle in a digital space constructed by utilizing a digital twin technology, and comprises a battery pack cooling/heating module digital twin body, an electric driving electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module digital twin body, a passenger cabin cooling/heating module digital twin body and a heat pump/refrigerating module digital twin body;
the sensing equipment is used for collecting operation data representing the real-time operation state of the physical real vehicle, uploading the operation data to the digital twin engine through the terminal thermal management control center, and receiving a thermal management control strategy issued by the digital twin engine through the terminal thermal management control center; the digital twin body is used for realizing digital space mirroring of the electric vehicle thermal management system in the physical space; the digital twin engine is used for realizing real-time connection synchronization of the physical space and the digital space.
2. The digital twin architecture of an electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the battery pack cooling/heating module digital twin body comprises a battery pack digital twin body and four models, and digital mapping of the battery pack cooling/heating module of the physical real vehicle is realized;
the model specifically comprises:
the battery pack model simulates the response relation among all state quantities in the working process of the battery pack;
the first water pump model simulates the water pump characteristics of a physical real vehicle in the cooling process of the battery pack;
the water cooling plate model simulates the heat exchange relation between the cooling liquid circulation and the battery pack in the cooling process of the battery pack;
and the PTC model simulates an auxiliary heating process of the PTC heater to the battery pack under a cold working condition.
3. The digital twin architecture of an electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the digital twin body of the electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module comprises a motor digital twin body and three models, so that digital mapping of the physical real vehicle electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module is realized;
the model specifically comprises:
the electric drive electric control model simulates the temperature change and heat generation characteristics of a power drive system and a drive control system in the running process of a physical real vehicle;
a radiator model for simulating the characteristics of the cooling liquid of the electric drive system and the heat dissipation process of the external air;
and the second water pump model simulates the characteristics of a physical real vehicle water pump in the electric drive electric control cooling process.
4. The digital twin architecture of an electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the passenger cabin cooling/heating module digital twin body comprises a passenger cabin sub-digital twin body and two models, and digital mapping of the physical real vehicle passenger cabin cooling/heating module is realized;
the model specifically comprises:
the passenger cabin model simulates temperature and humidity changes and heat load of the passenger cabin in the physical real vehicle running process;
and a fan model simulating fan characteristics in the passenger compartment cooling/heating module.
5. The digital twin architecture of an electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the heat pump/refrigeration module digital twin body comprises a compressor sub-digital twin body and five models, and digital mapping of the physical real vehicle heat pump/refrigeration module is realized;
the model specifically comprises:
a compressor model simulating characteristics of compressor compression, suction and circulation in the heat pump/refrigeration module;
the condenser model simulates the characteristics of a condensing and radiating process of the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant;
an expansion valve model for simulating the characteristics of the throttling and depressurization process of the refrigerant;
an evaporator model simulating the characteristics of the refrigerant evaporation and heat absorption process;
and the water-cooling heat exchanger model simulates the cooling characteristic of the refrigerant in the evaporation process.
6. The digital twin architecture of an electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the digital twin engine comprises an intelligent computing module and a data storage and management module; the intelligent computing module utilizes the data in the data storage and management module to combine with an intelligent optimization algorithm to solve and obtain the optimal control strategy of the thermal management system under the current working condition, and the thermal management control center of the physical space terminal is lowered; the data storage and management module receives data acquired by sensing equipment from a physical space, processes the data and stores the processed data.
7. An intelligent control method of an electric automobile thermal management system based on a digital twin architecture is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: taking an automobile entity needing thermal management as a physical entity, and constructing a digital twin body in a digital space by utilizing a digital twin technology;
s2: acquiring data representing the running state of the physical entity by sensing equipment, and calculating the acquired data in real time to obtain calculation data representing the running state of the physical entity; uploading the acquired data and the calculated data to a data storage and management module of the digital twin engine;
s3: identifying the model parameters of the digital twin body established in the step S1 by utilizing the data stored by the digital twin engine and combining an intelligent optimization algorithm, and finally realizing accurate bidirectional mapping of the digital twin body and a physical entity and real-time updating of the running state;
s4: when the operation condition changes, an intelligent computing module of the digital twin engine receives the updated real-time operation parameters from the data management and storage module, determines a to-be-optimized thermal management control variable in the control strategy by utilizing an intelligent optimization algorithm, computes the control strategy of the thermal management of the automobile in real time, and transmits the control strategy to the digital twin body;
s5: the data management and storage module receives the real-time operation parameters from the digital twin body again and transmits the real-time operation parameters to the intelligent computing module so as to update the thermal management control variable to be optimized; then repeating the step S5 until reaching the optimal control strategy;
s6: and the terminal thermal management control center receives the control strategy and the parameter information from the intelligent computing module and completes one-time thermal management cycle control of the automobile by utilizing the control strategy and the parameter information.
8. The intelligent control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the control strategies comprise a battery pack cooling/heating module control strategy, a passenger cabin cooling/heating module control strategy and an electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module control strategy.
9. The intelligent control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the battery pack cooling/heating module control strategy specifically comprises the following steps: calculating the heat generation amount of the battery pack, the SOC of the battery pack and the temperature field of the battery pack in real time by using acquired data and calculated data obtained by a sensor at the battery pack, and comparing the heat generation amount, the SOC and the temperature field of the battery pack with the preset optimal temperature of the battery pack;
when the temperature of the battery pack is higher than a preset temperature, the rotation speed of a compressor and the opening degree of an electronic expansion valve in the heat pump/refrigeration module are regulated, and the rotation speed of a water pump of the battery pack cooling/heating module is regulated;
when the temperature of the battery pack is lower than a preset temperature, the four-way valve is regulated, so that the electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module is connected with the battery pack cooling/heating module through a pipeline, the battery pack is heated by utilizing the waste heat of the electric drive electric control cooling liquid, and meanwhile, the power of the PTC heater is regulated to heat the battery pack;
the passenger cabin cooling/heating module control strategy specifically comprises the following steps: according to the acquired data and calculated data obtained by the sensors at the passenger cabin, calculating to obtain a three-dimensional temperature field of the current passenger cabin and a passenger cabin PMV, and taking human comfort as a target, and controlling the three-dimensional temperature field of the passenger cabin by adjusting the rotating speed of a fan of a passenger cabin system through adjusting the rotating speed of a compressor and the opening degree of an electronic expansion valve in a heat pump/refrigeration module;
the control strategy of the electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module is specifically as follows: when the electric control temperature exceeds the optimal working temperature, the electric control system is kept in a proper working temperature range by adjusting the rotation speed of the water pump and the rotation speed of the fan of the radiator in the module; when the automobile works under the cold working condition, the four-way valve is adjusted, so that the cooling liquid circulation of the electric drive electric control system is connected with the cooling liquid circulation of the battery pack, the battery pack is heated by utilizing the waste heat of the cooling liquid of the electric drive electric control system, and the heat management power consumption of the automobile is reduced.
10. The intelligent control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the thermal management control variables to be optimized comprise the rotation speed of a compressor and the opening degree of an electronic expansion valve in a heat pump/refrigeration module, the PTC power and the rotation speed of a water pump in a battery pack cooling/heating module, the rotation speed of the water pump and the rotation speed of a radiator fan in an electric drive electric control cooling/waste heat recovery module and the rotation speed of a fan in a passenger cabin cooling/heating module.
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