CN116429723B - Method for evaluating carbon sequestration of soil by soil and water conservation cultivation measures - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating carbon sequestration of soil in soil conservation cultivation measures, which comprises the following steps: determining the type of soil and water conservation cultivation measures adopted in a research area, calculating the soil carbon fixation rate of each soil and water conservation cultivation measure, and further calculating the vertical soil carbon fixation amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure; determining the organic carbon content of soil on a cultivation surface layer in a cultivation measure implementation area in a research area, the corrosion reduction modulus of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure, and the carbon release proportion of corroded soil particles to the atmosphere in the corrosion carrying process, so as to calculate the soil conservation and carbon fixation amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure in the transverse direction. The carbon fixation rate of soil and water conservation cultivation measures in different soil and water loss type areas, the corrosion reduction benefit of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures and the carbon emission process of soil particles in the atmosphere in the erosion and transportation process are considered, so that the method is a commonly applicable method for measuring and evaluating the carbon sink of the soil aiming at the soil and water conservation cultivation measures in different soil and water loss type areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil and water conservation carbon sink, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating soil carbon sink quantity of soil and water conservation cultivation measures.
Background
The water and soil conservation measures are important methods for controlling water and soil loss, are operation measures for deeply changing the ground surface coverage and structure, the land utilization mode and the land ecological system, and the vegetation and soil involved in the water and soil conservation measures have important functions of regulating and controlling carbon circulation and fixing carbon, so that the water and soil conservation is an important way for enhancing the carbon sink capacity of the land, and is an important ring for realizing the aim of carbon neutralization.
The soil and water conservation cultivation measure is taken as an extremely important ring in three major measures (forest measures, engineering measures and cultivation measures), and can directly bring about improvement of land productivity, reduction of water and soil loss area and reduction of strength by changing micro-topography, increasing coverage, improving soil properties and the like, and directly or indirectly influence the carbon sink process and carbon sink quantity of soil. Related studies indicate that: the long-term agricultural activities lead to 50% -70% of carbon loss in the soil of the global farmland, but if optimized agricultural management measures are adopted, the loss of organic carbon in the soil can be restrained, and the lost carbon warehouse can be gradually recovered. The water and soil conservation measures in China are huge in volume, and the carbon sink effect of the water and soil conservation cultivation measures is significant.
According to investigation, after the surface soil without effective soil and water conservation cultivation measures is artificially turned over, the environmental conditions of the surface soil can be changed rapidly, so that the proportion of water-stable aggregates to large aggregates is reduced, the synthesis and decomposition rate of soil organic matters can be changed along with the change, and the water and fertilizer conservation and ventilation performances of the surface soil are changed. Related studies in north america have shown (Paustian et al, 1995) that the organic carbon content of farmland soil cultivation layers can be increased by 7% -30% 10 years after conventional cultivation is changed to protective cultivation. Research of a Chinese scholars Sun Jian (2010) in a Mongolia loess plateau hilly area clear water river county farmland in a yellow river basin shows that compared with traditional cultivation, the loss of the oat land soil subjected to no-tillage coverage treatment can be reduced by 88.3%. Wei Yongxia (2013) in North An's Star farm in Heilongjiang province of China shows that the annual soil loss amount of the treatment of deep scarification, straw returning and ridge-oriented regional field can be respectively reduced by 40.30 percent and 98.63 percent compared with the conventional cultivation.
The calculation method provides a good carbon sink calculation method for the carbon sink calculation under the condition of applying chemical nitrogenous fertilizer to farmlands and returning the straws to the fields, but can not effectively reflect the carbon sink under the condition of water and soil conservation cultivation measures, and can not be practically applied to the carbon sink calculation under the condition of water and soil conservation cultivation measures because the calculation method is provided according to four major divisions of northeast, north China, northwest and south of China. Zhang Xiongzhi and the like (2020) analyze the carbon sequestration rate of no-tillage and straw returning in China by taking province as a unit based on different types of large Tian Weidian tests, provide a basis for evaluating the carbon sequestration amount of farmlands with different provinces, but the carbon sequestration rate has negative values in the provinces of Chongqing, jilin, yunnan and the like, and the carbon sequestration rate does not deeply consider the exertion of benefits of soil and water conservation measures, and cannot effectively guide the measurement and calculation of carbon sink amount of soil and water conservation measures.
In a comprehensive view, the traditional carbon sink research of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures does not systematically consider the soil and water conservation cultivation measures and the contribution of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures in the carbon sink process, so that the carbon sink measurement of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures is not deep and comprehensive, and the carbon sink measurement is mainly implemented in the following steps: 1) In the prior art, the basic farmland is mainly used as a carrier for carrying out the calculation work of carbon sink, the influence of crop fertilization and planting on the carbon sink is emphasized, the influence of water and soil conservation cultivation measures on the carbon sink is not deeply considered, and the carbon sink quantity of the water and soil conservation cultivation measures cannot be effectively clarified; 2) The traditional measurement and calculation mainly considers the carbon sink effect of a single straw returning measure, and does not consider the carbon sink effect of other water and soil conservation cultivation measures such as no-tillage and the like; 3) The traditional research mainly focuses on single-point measures, and the differences of soil and water conservation cultivation measures and soil and water loss characteristics under different soil and water conservation partitions are not considered, so that the method can not be applied to measurement and calculation of carbon sink potential of different soil and water loss characteristics and soil and water conservation measures under a large scale; 4) The previous research does not consider the soil and water conservation benefits caused by adopting soil and water conservation cultivation measures, namely the influence of the reduced soil and water loss caused by adopting cultivation measures on carbon sink; 5) In the past, the problem of carbon release of erosion soil particles in the migration process is not considered in the process of measurement, so that the problem of higher calculation of carbon sink of erosion soil can be directly brought.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the fact that no method for measuring and calculating carbon sink of water and soil conservation cultivation measures in areas with different water and soil loss types exists at present, the invention aims to provide a method for measuring and evaluating carbon sink of water and soil conservation cultivation measures in areas with different water and soil loss types, which is generally applicable to the existing requirement for measuring and calculating carbon sink of water and soil conservation cultivation measures. The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating carbon sequestration of soil by soil and water conservation cultivation measures comprises the following steps:
step one, determining the type of soil and water conservation measures adopted in a research area and area data of different soil and water conservation cultivation measures;
step two: calculating the soil carbon fixation rate of each soil maintenance cultivation measure in the research area;
step three, calculating the vertical soil carbon fixation amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure: the vertical soil carbon fixation amount is the carbon amount fixed by improving the soil property after adopting water and soil conservation cultivation measures, and is calculated by adopting the formula (1):
wherein: TCSs are soil carbon fixation amount in units of vertical soil of soil and water conservation cultivation measures: t C/a; TS (transport stream) k The area of the k-th soil and water conservation cultivation measure is as follows: hm (human body) 2 ；TCSR k Soil carbon sequestration rate in units of kth soil and water conservation tillage measure type: t C/(hm) 2 a) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the k represents the k-th water and soil conservation cultivation measure type;
determining the organic carbon content of soil on a cultivation surface layer in a cultivation measure implementation area of water and soil conservation in a research area;
step five, calculating the corrosion reduction modulus of water and soil conservation cultivation measures in the research area;
step six, calculating the carbon release proportion of erosion soil particles in the research area to the atmosphere in the erosion transportation process;
the specific method comprises the following steps:
6-1, arranging water and soil conservation standard runoff communities, wherein the length of a horizontal projection slope is 22.13m, the horizontal and vertical width is 5m, the gradient is 9 percent (namely 5.14 degrees), and continuously maintaining the communities which are clear and cultivated and carry out downhill cultivation. And a current collecting barrel and a rainfall collecting barrel are synchronously distributed.
And 6-2, collecting slope soil of the runoff plot. After the surface soil is thawed, soil samples are collected at 20cm of the surface layer of the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the standard runoff plot respectively in the north for 4 months, and the carbon content of the soil of the standard runoff plot is measured.
6-3, air drying the soil. The collected soil sample is spread to a thickness of 2-3 cm, the residues such as plants, insects, stones and the like in the soil are removed, the soil blocks are crushed by a wood hammer, and natural air drying is carried out.
And (6) measuring the organic carbon content of the slope soil of the 6-4 runoff plot. The soil is fully and evenly mixed and air-dried, and one part of the soil is taken by a quartering method and is used for measuring the content of organic carbon through a 2mm soil sieve. The organic carbon content C of the slope soil of the runoff plot is measured by adopting a potassium dichromate oxidation-spectrophotometry or a combustion oxidation-titration method plot 。
And 6-5, collecting runoff and soil samples which move along with the surface runoff in the rainfall process. And after a rainfall event occurs, uniformly stirring runoff and sediment samples in the collecting barrel, and collecting the runoff and sediment samples by adopting a runoff and sediment sample sampler.
6-6, determining the organic carbon content of the soil sample which moves along with runoff after rainfall. After the sample is stood and filtered, naturally air-drying the soil and sediment particle sample thereof, passing through a 2mm soil sieve, retaining the soil sample with residual particles smaller than 2mm, and measuring the organic carbon content C of the soil which moves along with runoff after a rainfall event by adopting a potassium dichromate oxidation-spectrophotometry or a combustion oxidation-titration method soil 。
6-7, measuring the organic carbon content in runoff after rainfall. After the runoff sample is stood and filtered, the organic carbon content C in the runoff sample can be measured by adopting a combustion oxidation-non-dispersion infrared absorption method runoff 。
6-8, measuring the organic carbon content of natural rainfall in a collector barrel collected after rainfall. After the sample in the rainwater collecting barrel is stood and filtered, the organic carbon content in the natural rainfall rainwater is measured, and the organic carbon content C in the rainwater sample can be measured by adopting a combustion oxidation-non-dispersion infrared absorption method rain 。
6-9, calculating the organic carbon content of the soil particles dissolved in the water body in the erosion and transportation process.
C rongjieI ＝C runoffI -C rainI
Wherein: SLR is the proportion of carbon released to the atmosphere by the eroded soil particles during erosion handling; c (C) plot The method comprises the steps of (1) continuously keeping clear cultivation and carrying out downhill cultivation for the soil organic carbon content of the slope surface of a runoff district, wherein the runoff district is a standard runoff district, the slope surface gradient is 9%; c (C) rogjieI The content of organic carbon dissolved in runoff samples in rainfall of field I in one year,%; c (C) runoffI Organic carbon content,%; c (C) rainI Organic carbon content,%; c (C) soilI The soil organic carbon content which is the soil moving along with runoff after the rainfall event of the I site in one year,%; i represents rainfall orders; n is the number of times of rainfall occurrence of rainfall runoff in one year; 1<I<N。
For a plurality of rainfall events in the year, collecting runoff sediment samples of the rainfall events, repeating the steps 6-5 to 6-8, and respectively measuring the organic carbon content C of soil which moves along with runoff after each rainfall event soil1 To C soilN Organic carbon content C in runoff samples runoff1 To C runoffN Organic carbon content C in natural rainfall rain sample rain1 To C rainN The proportion of carbon released to the atmosphere during the erosion handling of the eroded soil particles is calculated.
Step seven, calculating the horizontal soil conservation and carbon fixation amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure, wherein the horizontal soil conservation and carbon fixation amount refers to the carbon amount which is reduced by adopting the soil and water conservation cultivation measure to reduce the water and soil loss amount and thus reduce the emission to the atmosphere: the calculation is performed using formula (3):
wherein: TCS (TCS) E The soil conservation and carbon fixation amount is measured for soil and water conservation and cultivation measures, and the unit is: t C/a; QT k Soil conservation amount for the k-th soil and water conservation cultivation measure, unit: t/a; GT is the organic carbon content of soil; SEM (SEM) qs The reduction modulus is the unit of the cultivation measure: t C/(hm) 2 a) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the SLR is invasionThe proportion of carbon released to the atmosphere by the eroded soil particles during the erosion handling process;
step eight, adding and summing the vertical soil carbon fixation amount and the horizontal soil conservation carbon fixation amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures to obtain the total soil carbon sequestration amount TCS of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures, and adopting a formula (4); the total soil carbon sequestration TCS, the soil carbon sequestration TCSs and the transverse soil conservation carbon sequestration TCS of the soil conservation cultivation measure are adopted E Three indexes are used for evaluating the carbon sequestration condition of soil in soil and water conservation cultivation measures in a research area; or adopts TCSs and TCSs E The two indexes are used for evaluating the carbon collection condition of soil in soil and water conservation cultivation measures in a research area, TCSs are used for representing the carbon fixation quantity of soil directly brought by the implementation of the cultivation measures, and water TCS is used E Representing the soil conservation and carbon fixation amount caused by the reduction of soil erosion due to cultivation measures;
TCS＝TCSs+TCS E (4)
further, in the second step, the different soil and water conservation cultivation measures include: no-tillage, low-tillage, straw returning, stubble-reserving seeding, high-level tillage and one or more of land ridges.
In the second step, the area data is obtained through field measurement or remote sensing image map measurement or is determined through statistical data retrieval.
In the second step, the calculation method of the soil carbon fixation rate of the soil conservation cultivation measure type comprises the following steps:
2-1, laying a water and soil conservation standard runoff plot. The horizontal projection slope length of the standard runoff plot is 22.13m, the horizontal and vertical width is 5m, the slope is 9% (i.e. 5.14 degrees), and the plot which is clear and cultivated and carries out downhill cultivation is continuously maintained. And a current collecting barrel and a rainfall collecting barrel are synchronously distributed.
2-2, arranging soil and water conservation cultivation measures to observe runoff communities. The size of the cell is consistent with that of a standard runoff cell, the horizontal projection slope length is 22.13m, the horizontal and vertical width is 5m, the slope is 9 percent (namely 5.14 degrees), but the slope of the cell adopts soil and water conservation cultivation measures, and at least 1 runoff cell is respectively distributed in each measure.
2-3 standard runoff plot slope soil collection. After the surface soil is thawed, soil samples are collected at 20cm of the surface layer of the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the standard runoff plot respectively in the north for 4 months, and the carbon content of the soil of the standard runoff plot is measured.
2-4, air drying the soil. The collected soil sample is spread to a thickness of 2-3 cm, the residues such as plants, insects, stones and the like in the soil are removed, the soil blocks are crushed by a wood hammer, and natural air drying is carried out.
And (3) measuring the organic carbon content of the slope soil of the 2-5 standard runoff plot. The soil is fully and evenly mixed and air-dried, and one part of the soil is taken by a quartering method and is used for measuring the content of organic carbon through a 2mm soil sieve. The organic carbon content of the slope soil of the runoff plot is measured by adopting a potassium dichromate oxidation-spectrophotometry or a combustion oxidation-titration method, and the measured value in the current year is C plot1 。
2-6, water and soil conservation cultivation measures are arranged in runoff plots. And respectively implementing soil and water conservation cultivation measures in each soil and water conservation cultivation measure district, realizing no-tillage measures, sowing on the front stubble land of the runoff district, and carrying out cultivation soil loosening without using farm tools during crop growth, thereby reducing the cultivation method of mechanical cultivation times and increasing soil organic matters and aggregate structures.
2-7 soil and water conservation cultivation measures are used for carrying out the sample collection and observation of the current year runoff plot. After the soil on the earth surface is thawed in the current year of cultivation measure implementation, collecting soil samples at 20cm of the upper, middle and lower surface layers of the measure implementation district, and obtaining the carbon content C of the soil of the current year of cultivation measure implementation district by the measured soil and water conservation tillage1 。
2-8, collecting and observing samples of the standard runoff plot in the next year. After the earth surface soil in the next year is thawed, collecting soil samples at 20cm of the upper, middle and lower surface layers of the standard runoff plot, and performing the same steps 2-4 to 2-5 to obtain the carbon content C of the soil in the next year of the standard runoff plot plot2 。
2-9 soil and water conservation cultivation measures are implemented, and then runoff plot samples are collected and observed. After the earth surface soil is thawed in the next year, the upper part, the middle part, the water and soil conservation cultivation measure implementation cell,Collecting a soil sample at 20cm of the lower surface layer, measuring the carbon content of the soil in a region where the soil and water conservation cultivation measure is implemented, and obtaining the organic carbon content C of the soil after the next year of the measured soil and water conservation cultivation measure by the same steps 2-4 to 2-5 tillage2 。
And 2-10, calculating the vertical carbon fixation rate of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure.
Wherein: TCSR (TCSR) k Soil carbon sequestration rate in units of kth soil and water conservation tillage measure type: t C/(hm) 2 a)；C tillage2 Soil organic carbon content,%; c (C) tillage1 The organic carbon content of the soil in the current year is implemented for soil and water conservation cultivation measures,%; c (C) plot2 The soil organic carbon content of the next year of a standard runoff plot is%; c (C) plot1 Is the organic carbon content of the soil in the current year of a standard runoff plot,%.
In the fourth step, soil with 20cm of the surface layer is collected through field actual sampling, and is measured by an organic carbon analyzer; or inquiring the organic carbon content of the secondary-stage partitioned cultivated soil in the water and soil loss type area.
Further, in the fifth step, for the area observed by the runoff plot in the research area, according to the difference value of annual erosion modulus of the runoff plot with no tillage measure under the standard plot and with water and soil conservation tillage measure, the erosion reduction modulus of the water and soil conservation tillage measure is calculated; for a research area in which no runoff plot is observed or water and soil conservation cultivation measure observation data cannot be obtained, inquiring a corrosion reduction modulus under water and soil conservation cultivation measures in secondary areas of areas with different water and soil loss types, wherein the corrosion reduction modulus is calculated by combining a sand reduction rate 67.4% of straw returning under natural rainfall (Zhang Guanghui, 2022; he Yunfeng, 2020) on the basis of 2021-year national dynamic water and soil loss monitoring results, and further combining interpolation of different water and soil conservation areas in China to obtain the corrosion reduction modulus of the water and soil conservation cultivation measures in the secondary areas with different water and soil loss types, and the detailed chart is five, wherein the corrosion reduction modulus of other water and soil conservation cultivation measures is equal to the straw returning.
Further, in the seventh step, the vertical soil carbon fixation amount and the horizontal soil carbon fixation amount are the total or average values of years.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the method for evaluating the carbon sink of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures is provided for the first time, and the carbon sequestration rate of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures in different soil and water loss areas, the corrosion reduction benefit of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures and the carbon emission process of soil particles in the atmosphere in the erosion and transportation process are considered, so that the method is a universally applicable calculation method for the carbon sink of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures.
Compared with other carbon sink measuring and calculating methods for soil and water conservation cultivation measures in the prior art, the method for evaluating the carbon sink of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures provided by the invention is more scientific and comprehensive, considers the corrosion reduction benefits of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures and the carbon emission and loss of soil particles in the erosion and transportation processes, and has more reasonable results.
Aiming at the defects of the conventional measurement and calculation of the carbon sink of soil and water conservation cultivation measures, the invention realizes innovation in the following aspects: 1) Focusing on soil and water conservation cultivation measures; 2) The specific cultivation measure types of water and soil conservation such as no-tillage, straw returning and the like are considered in the refinement; 3) Breaks through the limitation that the traditional single test point research cannot be popularized to a large area, and can be better applied to measurement and calculation of large and medium scales in different spaces; 4) The cultivation method is characterized in that the cultivation method is organically combined with specific soil and water conservation subareas by considering the difference of cultivation measure characteristics under different soil and water conservation subareas; 5) The refinement considers the influence of the implementation of cultivation measures on the carbon sequestration quantity (TCSs) of soil, and the outstanding consideration of the carbon sequestration quantity (TCS) of soil caused by the reduction of soil erosion due to the implementation of soil and water conservation cultivation measures E ) Is a variation of (2); 6) Further considers the problem of carbon release of soil particles in the process of migration, thereby being capable of expressing the influence process of soil and water conservation cultivation measures on carbon sink more scientifically. The technical method can fill the blank of carbon sequestration measurement and calculation in water and soil conservation cultivation measures on one hand, and on the other handThe method is also a great practical demand for 'reducing and controlling' carbon emission in the service world and China, and provides scientific support for supporting 'double-carbon target' scientific measurement and calculation in China.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a view showing the location of a water and soil loss partition secondary type area in example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Aiming at the existing demand for carbon sequestration evaluation of soil and water conservation cultivation measures, the invention provides a universally applicable method for carbon sequestration evaluation of soil and water conservation cultivation measures in areas with different water and soil loss types, and the carbon sequestration evaluation step of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures is described by taking Longjiang county of Heilongjiang province as an example:
step one, determining the type of soil and water conservation measures adopted in a research area and area data of different soil and water conservation cultivation measures;
determining the number and name of a water and soil loss type area where a research area is located: table 2 is searched to determine the first-level regional northeast black soil area (area number: I) of the soil erosion zone in the Longjiang county, and the second-level regional hilly area (area number: I-5) of the southeast mountain area of the great Khingan.
TABLE 1 soil and water conservation tillage measure type
TABLE 2 Chinese soil and water conservation zone
Data sources: the work leading group office is compiled in the national soil and water conservation planning, and the water conservancy project and water power planning and design institute, the China soil and water conservation district, 2016, beijing: china water conservancy and hydropower publishing society
Area data of different soil and water conservation cultivation measures in a research area are determined, and 3.43 ten thousand hectares of no-tillage and 3.32 ten thousand hectares of straw returning area are implemented in 2020 of the county through data (https:// i.ifeng.com/c/8A11UQo1 iuf) released by the county.
Step two, calculating the soil carbon fixation rate of each soil conservation cultivation measure in the research area;
the initial data of the carbon fixation rate value is test data of the total 1162 pairs of sites of 61 long-term test stations nationwide, and the carbon fixation rate of the water and soil conservation cultivation measures of the two-stage areas of the different water and soil loss types is formed by combining the comprehensive analysis of the two-stage areas of the different water and soil loss types through spatial interpolation of the carbon fixation rate data of the different spatial points of the ground, wherein the calculation formula is shown as formula (5), and the detailed carbon fixation rate is obtained as shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 carbon sequestration Rate for soil and Water conservation tillage measures in Water and soil conservation zone secondary zone
Note that: the raw data of no-tillage and straw returning carbon fixing rate values of each soil and water conservation zone are test data from a total 1162 pair of sites of 61 long-term test stations nationwide (Zhang Xiongzhi, et al, 2020). Raw data has limitations in terms of: (1) The carbon fixing system takes province as a unit, the difference of cultivation measures and carbon fixing rates among different soil and water type areas is not considered, more than 2 soil and water conservation secondary areas (7 are partially crossed by the province) are crossed by 87% of the original statistics unit (province), and the representative existence of a single carbon fixing rate across a plurality of soil and water conservation type areas is insufficient for one province; (2) And the carbon fixation rate in regions such as Yunnan, jilin and Chongqing is negative, and has obvious deviation from the theoretical carbon fixation rate. Therefore, on the basis of spatial analysis of the position test data, the influence of negative carbon fixation rate of a single region is removed, the similarity and the difference of the similar water and soil conservation cultivation measure types in water and soil conservation intervals and the influence factors in the carbon fixation process are fully considered, the spatial interpolation is carried out on the carbon fixation rate values of different spatial points at the site by adopting a Kriging statistical interpolation method, and the spatial statistical analysis of the two-stage partitions of the different water and soil conservation types is further combined in geographic information software, so that the carbon fixation rate of the water and soil conservation cultivation measures of the two-stage regions of the different water and soil conservation types is obtained. Compared with the original value, the carbon fixation rate proposed by the technical method has obvious advantages in the following aspects: (1) Providing a soil and water conservation cultivation measure carbon fixation rate taking a soil and water conservation secondary partition as a unit; (2) The carbon fixation rate value of the newly proposed soil and water conservation type secondary partition cultivation measure fully considers the influence of similarity and difference of similar areas, and the carbon fixation rate is more scientific and reasonable.
Step three, calculating the vertical soil carbon fixation amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure: the vertical soil carbon fixation amount is the carbon amount fixed by improving the soil property after adopting water and soil conservation cultivation measures, and is calculated by adopting the formula (1):
wherein: TCSs is soil carbon fixation amount in vertical direction of soil and water conservation cultivation, unit: t C/a; TS (transport stream) k The area of the k-th soil and water conservation cultivation measure is as follows: hm (human body) 2 ；TCSR k Soil carbon sequestration rate in units of kth soil and water conservation tillage measure type: t C/(hm) 2 a) According to different climate types, cultivation systems and soil and water conservation areas, the soil carbon fixation rates are different; k represents the k-th water and soil conservation cultivation measure type, and the method comprises no-tillage and straw returning.
The water and soil conservation cultivation measures in Longjiang county totally comprise 2 kinds of cultivation measures, namely no-tillage and straw returningThe areas of the fields are no-tillage areas TS 1 3.43 ten thousand hectares of straw returning area TS 2 Is 3.32 ten thousand hectares. Table 3 is searched to obtain the carbon sequestration rate TCSR of the two measures, namely the carbon sequestration rate TCSR of the no-tillage measure in the hilly area of southeast mountain area of great Khingan 1 Is 1.10t C/(hm) 2 a) Carbon fixation rate TCSR of straw returning to field 2 Is 0.54t C/(hm) 2 a) The formula (1) is adopted to calculate and obtain that the no-tillage carbon fixation amount in the period 2020 of Longjiang county is 3.78 ten thousand t, the straw returning carbon fixation amount is 1.80 ten thousand t, and the vertical soil carbon fixation amount TCSs of soil and water conservation cultivation measures is 5.58 ten thousand t.
And step four, determining the organic carbon content of the soil surface layer soil cultivated in the water and soil conservation cultivation measure implementation area of the research area, searching the table 4, and inquiring to obtain the soil surface layer soil organic carbon content of the cultivation soil in the southeast mountain hilly area of great Xingan is 1.72%.
TABLE 4 organic carbon content of soil (0-20 cm) on surface layer of soil in soil-Water conservation zone
Note that: the value of the organic carbon content is based on a national soil type map, and the organic carbon content in soil geochemistry characteristics of different soil types surface layers in China is combined, and in geographic information system software, the soil organic carbon content of the two-stage areas of different soil and water conservation types is calculated by adopting a geographic space statistics function. Compared with the original organic carbon content of each soil type, the organic carbon value can more conveniently and rapidly search the organic carbon content of the soil under different soil and water conservation type subareas, and the accuracy of the organic carbon content under different subareas can not be lost.
And fifthly, determining the corrosion reduction modulus of the water and soil conservation cultivation measure in the research area. Table 5 is searched for a reduction modulus of 1222 t/(hm) for a tillage measure 2 a)。
TABLE 5 erosion reduction modulus for soil and water conservation partition secondary area cultivation measure
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Note that: the value process of the corrosion reduction modulus is as follows: (1) On the basis of 2021 national soil erosion dynamic monitoring results, retaining R, K, L, S, E factors in a CSLE model of a Chinese soil erosion equation taking grids as units in each county of the country, and calculating to obtain erosion modulus under no tillage measure in each county of the country after removing the influence of T tillage measure factors; (2) Comparing with the erosion modulus of the original reserved tillage measure T factor, and determining to obtain the primary influence of the tillage measure according to the difference value of the erosion modulus and the erosion modulus; (3) Further combining 67.4 percent (Zhang Guanghui, 2022; he Yunfeng, 2020) of sand reduction rate of naturally rainfall straw returning to the field in the existing research results, and calculating to obtain a corrosion reduction modulus under cultivation measures; (4) In geographic information software, a method of geostatistical interpolation is adopted, and the spatial distribution of the secondary areas of the areas with different water and soil conservation types is combined, so that the water and soil conservation cultivation measure corrosion reduction modulus of the secondary areas with different water and soil loss types is finally formed. The proposal of the corrosion reduction modulus fills the blank of the corrosion reduction modulus of water and soil conservation cultivation measures in secondary areas of different water and soil conservation types in China, provides scientific support for the calculation of carbon collection amount of the cultivation measures in large and medium scales and the benefit evaluation of the water and soil conservation cultivation measures, expands the measurement and calculation space of double carbon targets in China from the aspect of water and soil conservation cultivation, and strives for more space in future carbon emission reduction and control in China.
Step six, calculating the carbon release proportion of erosion soil particles in the research area to the atmosphere in the erosion transportation process;
the calculation was performed using equation (2), and the value of this example was 0.37.
Step seven, calculating the soil conservation and carbon fixation amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure transversely; the transverse soil conservation and carbon fixation amount refers to the amount of water and soil loss reduced by adopting water and soil conservation cultivation measures, so that the carbon amount discharged to the atmosphere is reduced, and the calculation is carried out by adopting the formula (3):
wherein: TCS (TCS) E The soil conservation and carbon fixation amount is measured for soil and water conservation and cultivation measures, and the unit is: t C/a; QT k Soil conservation amount for the k-th soil and water conservation cultivation measure, unit: t/a; GT is soil organic carbon content, dimensionless; SEM (SEM) qs The reduction modulus is the unit of the cultivation measure: t C/(hm) 2 a)；TS k The area of the k-th soil and water conservation cultivation measure is as follows: hm (human body) 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the SLR is the proportion of carbon released by erosion soil particles to the atmosphere in the erosion and transportation process, has no dimension and takes a value of 0.37 in China.
Longjiang county corrosion reduction modulus SEM qs At 1222 t/(hm) 2 a) No-tillage area TS 1 3.43 ten thousand hectares of straw returning area TS 2 For 3.32 ten thousand hectares, the soil organic carbon content GT of the regional cultivated soil is 1.72 percent, the SLR is 0.37, and the transverse soil conservation and carbon fixation TCS which is realized by adopting soil and water conservation cultivation measures to reduce soil and water loss in 2020 of Longjiang county is calculated according to a formula (3) E 52.5 tens of thousands of t C.
Step eight: adding and summing the vertical soil carbon fixation amount and the horizontal soil conservation carbon fixation amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures to obtain the total soil carbon collection amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures; and evaluating the soil carbon sink condition of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures in the research area by adopting the three indexes of the soil carbon sink quantity of the total soil and water conservation cultivation measures, the vertical soil carbon sink quantity and the horizontal soil conservation carbon sink quantity of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures. Alternatively, the vertical soil carbon fixation amount TCSs of the soil conservation cultivation measure may be used to represent the soil carbon fixation amount directly brought by the implementation of the cultivation measure, and the horizontal soil carbon fixation amount TCS of the soil conservation cultivation measure may be used E Indicating the soil conservation and carbon fixation amount caused by the reduction of soil erosion due to cultivation measures.
TCS＝TCSs+TCS E (4)
Wherein: TCS is the total soil and water conservation cultivation measure carbon fixation amount, unit: t C/a; TCSs are soil carbon fixation amount in units of vertical soil of soil and water conservation cultivation measures: t C/a; TCS (TCS) E The soil conservation and carbon fixation amount is as follows: t C/a.
In the embodiment, the refinement considers the influence of the implementation of the cultivation measure on the carbon sequestration quantity (TCSs) of soil, and the outstanding consideration of the soil conservation and carbon sequestration quantity (TCSs) caused by the reduction of soil erosion due to the implementation of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure E ) Is a variation of (2); further considers the problem of carbon release of soil particles in the process of migration, thereby being capable of expressing the influence process of soil and water conservation cultivation measures on carbon sink more scientifically. The measurement data of the measurement method is more practical in the actual related working process of Longjiang county, and has stronger scientific rationality.
Specific information of the references mentioned in the present invention is as follows:
[1]Paustian K,Robertson G P,Elliott E T.Management impacts on carbon storage and gas fluxes(CO 2 ,CH 4 )in mid-latitude cropland ecosystems[J].Advances in Soil Science.1995,27.
[2] he Yunfeng the influence of the ridge culture and straw returning method on soil erosion in black soil region is studied [ D ] Jilin agricultural university, 2021.
[3] Sun Jian, liu Miao, li Lijun, etc. effects of different modes of farming on soil erosion in inner Mongolia dry farms [ J ]. J.ecological journal, 2010 (3): 6.
[4] The institute of ecological environment, national academy of sciences, the institute of ecological environment, and the global value of terrestrial ecosystem production (GEP) accounting technical guideline [ Z ],2020.
[5] Wei Yongxia, li Xiaodan, hu Tingting. Water and soil conservation and yield increase effect study in the protective cultivation technique mode of hillside cultivated land [ J ]. University of northeast agriculture, university of northeast, 2013,44 (5): 5.
[6] Zhang Xiongzhi, li Shuaishuai, liu Bingyang, etc. no-tillage and straw returning effects on carbon fixation and crop yield in the middle farm field [ J ]. University of Chinese agriculture report, 2020,25 (5): 12.
[7] Zhang Guanghui, yang Yang, liu Yingna, etc. straw returning controls the mechanism of black soil erosion and effect [ J ]. Soil and crops, 2022,11 (2): 14.
Finally, it should be noted that the above only illustrates the technical solution of the present invention and is not limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred arrangement, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for evaluating carbon sequestration of soil by soil and water conservation cultivation measures comprises the following steps:
step one, determining the type of soil and water conservation cultivation measures adopted in a research area and area data of different soil and water conservation cultivation measures;
step two, calculating the soil carbon fixation rate of each soil and water conservation cultivation measure in the research area;
wherein: TCSR (TCSR) k Soil carbon sequestration rate in units of kth soil and water conservation tillage measure type: t C/(hm) 2 a)；C tillage2 Soil organic carbon content,%; c (C) tillage1 The organic carbon content of the soil in the current year is implemented for soil and water conservation cultivation measures,%; c (C) plot2 The soil organic carbon content of the next year of a standard runoff plot is%; c (C) plot1 The soil organic carbon content in the current year of a standard runoff plot is%;
step three, calculating the vertical soil carbon fixation amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure: the vertical soil carbon fixation amount is the carbon amount fixed by improving the soil property after adopting water and soil conservation cultivation measures, and is calculated by adopting the formula (1):
wherein: TCSs are soil carbon fixation amount in units of vertical soil of soil and water conservation cultivation measures: t C/a; TS (transport stream) k The area of the k-th soil and water conservation cultivation measure is as follows: hm (human body) 2 ；TCSR k Soil carbon sequestration rate in units of kth soil and water conservation tillage measure type: t C/(hm) 2 a) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the k represents the k-th water and soil conservation cultivation measure type;
determining the organic carbon content of soil on a cultivation surface layer in a cultivation measure implementation area of water and soil conservation in a research area;
step five, calculating the corrosion reduction modulus of water and soil conservation cultivation measures in the research area;
step six, calculating the carbon release proportion of erosion soil particles in the research area to the atmosphere in the erosion transportation process; the specific method comprises the following steps:
wherein: SLR is the proportion of carbon released to the atmosphere by the eroded soil particles during erosion handling; c (C) plot The method comprises the steps of (1) continuously keeping clear cultivation and carrying out downhill cultivation for the soil organic carbon content of the slope surface of a runoff district, wherein the runoff district is a standard runoff district, the slope surface gradient is 9%; c (C) Irongjie The content of organic carbon dissolved in runoff samples in rainfall of field I in one year,%; c (C) runoffI Organic carbon content,%; c (C) Irain Organic carbon content,%; c (C) soilI The soil organic carbon content which is the soil moving along with runoff after the rainfall event of the I site in one year,%; i represents rainfall orders; n is the number of times of rainfall occurrence of rainfall runoff in one year; 1<I<N；
Step seven, calculating the horizontal soil conservation and carbon fixation amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure, wherein the horizontal soil conservation and carbon fixation amount refers to the carbon amount which is reduced by adopting the soil and water conservation cultivation measure to reduce the water and soil loss amount and thus reduce the emission to the atmosphere: the calculation is performed using formula (3):
wherein: TCS (TCS) E The soil conservation and carbon fixation amount is as follows: t C/a; QT k Soil conservation amount for the k-th soil and water conservation cultivation measure, unit: t/a; GT is the organic carbon content of soil; SEM (SEM) qs The reduction modulus is the unit of the cultivation measure: t C/(hm) 2 a) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the SLR is the proportion of carbon released to the atmosphere by the eroded soil particles during erosion handling;
step eight, adding and summing the vertical soil carbon fixation amount and the horizontal soil conservation carbon fixation amount of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures to obtain the total soil carbon sequestration amount TCS of the soil and water conservation cultivation measures, and calculating by adopting a formula (4); the total soil carbon sequestration TCS, the soil carbon sequestration TCSs and the transverse soil conservation carbon sequestration TCS of the soil conservation cultivation measure are adopted E Three indexes are used for evaluating the carbon sequestration condition of soil in soil and water conservation cultivation measures in a research area; or adopts TCSs and TCSs E The two indexes are used for evaluating the carbon collection condition of soil in the soil and water conservation cultivation measure of a research area, TCSs are used for representing the carbon fixation quantity of the soil directly caused by the implementation of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure, and TCS is used for E Represents the soil conservation and carbon fixation amount caused by the reduction of soil erosion due to soil and water conservation cultivation measures,
TCS＝TCSs+TCS E (4)。
2. the method for evaluating the carbon sequestration of soil in soil conservation measures according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the different soil and water conservation cultivation measures comprise: no-tillage, low-tillage, straw returning, stubble-reserving sowing, equal-height tillage and one or more of ridges.
3. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration of soil in soil conservation measures according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the area data is obtained through field measurement or remote sensing image map measurement or is determined through statistical data retrieval.
4. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration of soil in soil conservation measures according to claim 1, wherein: step four, through field actual sampling, soil with 20cm of surface layer is collected by a soil sample, and the soil is measured by an organic carbon analyzer; or inquiring the organic carbon content of the secondary-stage partitioned cultivated soil in the water and soil loss type area.
5. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration of soil in soil conservation measures according to claim 1, wherein: step five, calculating to obtain the erosion reduction modulus of the soil and water conservation cultivation measure according to the difference value of the annual erosion modulus of the runoff plot which adopts the soil and water conservation cultivation measure and does not adopt the cultivation measure under the standard plot; or inquiring the erosion reduction modulus under water and soil conservation cultivation measures in the secondary areas of different water and soil loss types.
6. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration of soil in soil conservation measures according to claim 1, wherein: in the eighth step, the vertical soil carbon fixation amount and the horizontal soil carbon fixation amount are total or average values of years.
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