CN116426788A - Copper-chromium alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Copper-chromium alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Cr].[Cu] GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 111
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 107
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 102
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 59
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 45
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zirconium Chemical compound [Cu].[Zr] XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[P] Chemical compound [Cu].[P] RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 16
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017813 Cu—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a copper-chromium alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of copper alloy materials. The copper-chromium alloy provided by the invention comprises the following chemical components in mass: 0.4 to 1.2 percent of Cr, 0.02 to 0.15 percent of Zr0.02 to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.02 to 0.15 percent of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities. The copper-chromium alloy provided by the invention strictly limits the content of alloy elements, so that the copper-chromium alloy has the characteristics of medium strength, medium elongation, high hardness, high conductivity and high bending property, also has the characteristics of high purity and low alloying, has excellent comprehensive performance even higher than that of foreign patent alloy, and has high application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of copper alloy materials, in particular to a copper-chromium alloy and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The connector is used as an important component for signal and current transmission in a circuit unit and is widely applied to the fields of 5G communication, transportation, consumer electronics and the like. In recent years, with the construction of 5G network communication devices, the explosive growth of new energy automobiles, and the popularization of internet of things and AI, wireless base stations, high-capacity server power supplies, direct-current charging piles, and the like for communication devices and new energy automobiles are developing toward miniaturization, high-current and high-voltage power, and connectors applied in such environments are required to satisfy good forming performance, mechanical performance, electrical performance, and excellent thermal stability.
The Cu-Cr alloy has the advantages of higher strength, high electric conductivity, high heat conduction, wear resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of mechanical manufacturing industry, integrated circuits, contact wires and the like. In recent years, enterprises such as foreign KME, olin, ancient river and the like develop a series of Cu-Cr alloys, such as C18150, C18400 and the like, and the alloys have excellent thermal stability and forming performance on the basis of meeting the requirements of mechanical properties and electrical properties at the same time, so that the alloy is the most ideal copper alloy material for connectors under the background of high-current and power high-voltage application. For example, the C18400 alloy composition, by mass content, is: 0.4 to 1.2 percent of chromium, 0.2 to 0.7 percent of zinc, 0 to 0.15 percent of iron, 0 to 0.1 percent of silicon, 0 to 0.05 percent of phosphorus, 0 to 0.05 percent of lithium, 0 to 0.005 percent of arsenic, 0 to 0.005 percent of calcium and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities, wherein the strength of the C18400 alloy is 400 to 560MPa, and the conductivity is not less than 80 percent of IACS; the C18150 alloy comprises the following components: 0.5 to 1.5 percent of chromium, 0.05 to 0.25 percent of zirconium and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities, wherein the strength of the C18150 alloy is 450 to 550MPa, and the conductivity is more than or equal to 80 percent IACS.
In order to further accelerate the development of China in the fields of 5G communication, transportation, consumer electronics and the like, the development of novel copper alloy materials capable of replacing C18150 and C18400 is a technical problem which needs to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a copper-chromium alloy, a preparation method and application thereof, and the copper-chromium alloy provided by the invention has the characteristics of medium strength, medium elongation, high hardness, high conductivity and high bending property, and has excellent comprehensive performance and high application value.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a copper-chromium alloy which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
0.4 to 1.2 percent of Cr, 0.02 to 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.02 to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.02 to 0.15 percent of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the method comprises the following chemical components:
0.6 to 1.0 percent of Cr, 0.04 to 0.12 percent of Zr, 0.06 to 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.05 to 0.13 percent of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the method comprises the following chemical components:
0.7 to 0.8 percent of Cr, 0.06 to 0.10 percent of Zr, 0.10 to 0.15 percent of Fe, 0.08 to 0.10 percent of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities.
The invention provides a preparation method of the copper-chromium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
according to the chemical components of the copper-chromium alloy, the preparation raw materials are mixed and then smelted and cast to obtain cast ingots;
and sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling, solution treatment, first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the cast ingot to obtain the copper-chromium alloy.
Preferably, the homogenizing annealing temperature is 850-900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6-16 h.
Preferably, the temperature of the hot rolling is 900-950 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-3 h; the total deformation of the hot rolling is 70-95%.
Preferably, the temperature of the solution treatment is 950-1000 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 0.2-2 h.
Preferably, the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 40 to 60%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 460-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h.
Preferably, the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 30-50%; the low-temperature annealing temperature is 350-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h.
The invention provides application of the copper-chromium alloy prepared by the technical scheme or the preparation method of the technical scheme in Type-C, automobile connectors or lead frames.
The invention provides a copper-chromium alloy which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.4 to 1.2 percent of Cr, 0.02 to 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.02 to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.02 to 0.15 percent of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities. The copper-chromium alloy provided by the invention strictly limits the content of alloy elements, so that the copper-chromium alloy has the characteristics of medium strength, medium elongation, high hardness, high conductivity and high bending property, also has the characteristics of high purity and low alloying, has excellent comprehensive performance even higher than that of foreign patent alloy, and has high application value. The results of the examples show that the copper-chromium alloy provided by the invention has the following properties: the tensile strength is 480-650 MPa, the hardness is 150-200 HV, the elongation is more than or equal to 4%, the conductivity is more than or equal to 85-90% IACS, and the R/t of 180-degree bending is 1.0-1.5.
The invention provides a preparation method of the copper-chromium alloy, which comprises the following steps: according to the chemical components of the copper-chromium alloy, preparing raw materials are mixed and then are smelted and cast to obtain an ingot; and sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling, solution treatment, first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the cast ingot to obtain the copper-chromium alloy. The invention carries out composite heat treatment on the cast ingot, and finally the obtained copper-chromium alloy has the characteristics of medium strength, medium elongation, high hardness, high conductivity and high bending property, can be processed into copper-chromium alloy plate strips according to actual needs, and is widely applied to manufacturing electronic devices such as Type-C, automobile connectors or lead frames.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a copper-chromium alloy which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
0.4 to 1.2 percent of Cr, 0.02 to 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.02 to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.02 to 0.15 percent of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities.
The chemical components of the copper-chromium alloy in the invention comprise 0.4 to 1.2 percent of Cr, preferably 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Cr, and more preferably 0.7 to 0.8 percent of Cr. In the present invention, the eutectic temperature of the copper-chromium binary alloy is 1072 ℃, at which the maximum solubility of chromium in copper is 0.65%. Along with the reduction of the temperature, the solid solubility of chromium is rapidly reduced, the alloy is subjected to aging treatment after solid solution to separate out a chromium simple substance nanoparticle phase, the strength of the alloy is obviously enhanced, and the influence of chromium atoms on the conductivity of copper is small, so that the copper-chromium alloy can also keep higher conductivity. In addition, the addition of chromium can also significantly increase the recrystallization temperature of copper, thereby increasing its thermal stability. When the chromium content is less than 0.4%, the solid solution and time-effective strengthening effect of the alloy is weak, resulting in lower strength of the alloy. After solution treatment, chromium atoms in the alloy are dissolved into a copper matrix in a solid manner, but the solid solution strengthening effect of the alloy cannot be maximized due to the fact that the content is lower than the maximum solid solubility; after aging treatment, chromium atoms dissolved in the matrix are precipitated in the form of chromium simple substance, but the content of precipitated phases is less, so that the aging strengthening effect of the alloy is not obvious enough, and finally the mechanical property of the alloy is influenced. When the chromium content is higher than 1.2%, the alloy has coarse chromium simple substance precipitation in the solidification process, and the chromium simple substance cannot be redissolved in the subsequent heat treatment. The contribution of the coarse chromium simple substance to the strength is weak, the conductivity and bending performance of the alloy are reduced, and microcracks are easily generated near the coarse chromium simple substance in the deformation process of the alloy. Therefore, the content of the chromium element is controlled to be 0.4-1.2%, which is beneficial to ensuring that the copper-chromium alloy has excellent comprehensive performance.
The chemical components of the copper-chromium alloy in the invention comprise 0.02 to 0.15 percent of Zr, preferably 0.04 to 0.12 percent, more preferably 0.06 to 0.10 percent, and even more preferably 0.07 to 0.08 percent by mass. In the invention, after adding zirconium element into the copper-chromium alloy, zirconium and chromium interact, the precipitation behavior of chromium in a copper matrix is influenced, the zirconium element is enriched around a chromium phase, the chromium precipitation phase is thinned by inhibiting the relative growth of chromium, and the precipitation phase is promoted to be more similar to a spherical shape; the zirconium element and the copper element can generate various copper-zirconium precipitated phases, so that the precipitation strengthening effect of the alloy is enhanced; in addition, the addition of zirconium can also improve the grain boundary strength of the alloy, thereby improving the strength of the alloy.
The chemical components of the copper-chromium alloy in the invention comprise 0.02 to 0.25 percent of Fe, preferably 0.06 to 0.20 percent, more preferably 0.08 to 0.15 percent, and even more preferably 0.10 to 0.12 percent by mass. In the present invention, the solubility of iron in copper can reach 3.5% at 1050 ℃, while the solubility to 635 ℃ is reduced to 0.15%. The addition of iron element in copper alloy has the beneficial effects of refining copper crystal grains, delaying the recrystallization process of copper and improving the strength and hardness of copper, because iron atoms can be dissolved in copper matrix in a solid solution strengthening way. The iron atoms dissolved in the copper matrix can cause lattice distortion of the copper matrix, play a role in scattering electron transmission, and reduce the conductivity of the alloy. Therefore, the addition amount of the iron element is controlled to be not more than 0.25%, so that the problem that the conductivity of the copper-chromium alloy is greatly reduced due to the fact that the content of the iron element is too high is solved, and the copper-chromium alloy has excellent comprehensive performance.
The chemical composition of the copper-chromium alloy in the invention comprises 0.02-0.15% of P, preferably 0.05-0.13%, more preferably 0.08-0.10% by mass. In the invention, the phosphorus element is added into the copper alloy to play a role in purifying the oxygen element content in the melt, and the impurity content in the alloy can be effectively reduced by eliminating the oxygen element in the alloy, so that the bending performance of the alloy is improved. The phosphorus element can generate a large amount of inclusion particles, prevent the movement of subgrain boundaries, inhibit the growth of crystal grains and refine the crystal grains. And phosphorus atoms are distributed on the interface of the precipitated phase and the matrix to prevent migration of the interface. The above effects can improve the strength of the alloy. When the phosphorus content is more than 0.15%, a large number of coarse inclusions are formed on the grain boundary, resulting in a decrease in the plasticity and bending properties of the alloy. The invention controls the adding amount of the phosphorus element to be not more than 0.15 percent, so that the copper-chromium alloy has excellent comprehensive performance.
The chemical components of the copper-chromium alloy in the invention comprise the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities in terms of mass content. In the present invention, the total mass content of the unavoidable impurities is preferably <0.01%.
The chemical components of the copper-chromium alloy in the invention can be specifically any one of the following components in mass content:
cr 0.40%, zr 0.02%, fe 0.02%, P0.05%, the balance copper and unavoidable impurities;
cr 0.40%, zr 0.02%, fe 0.06%, P0.05%, the balance copper and unavoidable impurities;
0.60% of Cr, 0.02% of Zr, 0.10% of Fe, 0.05% of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities;
0.60% of Cr, 0.04% of Zr, 0.10% of Fe, 0.05% of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities;
0.80% of Cr, 0.06% of Zr, 0.20% of Fe, 0.10% of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities;
0.80% of Cr, 0.08% of Zr, 0.20% of Fe, 0.10% of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities;
cr 1.00%, zr 0.08%, fe 0.20%, P0.15%, the balance copper and unavoidable impurities;
cr 1.00%, zr 0.10%, fe 0.25%, P0.15%, the balance copper and unavoidable impurities;
cr 1.20%, zr 0.12%, fe 0.25%, P0.15%, the balance being copper and unavoidable impurities;
cr 1.20%, zr 0.15%, fe 0.25%, P0.10%, the balance being copper and unavoidable impurities;
0.80% of Cr, 0.10% of Zr, 0.20% of Fe, 0.05% of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities;
0.80% of Cr, 0.08% of Zr, 0.02% of Fe, 0.05% of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities;
0.80% of Cr, 0.08% of Zr, 0.02% of Fe, 0.15% of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities;
0.80% of Cr, 0.10% of Zr, 0.10% of Fe, 0.02% of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities;
cr 0.80%, zr 0.10%, fe 0.25%, P0.02%, the balance being copper and unavoidable impurities.
The invention provides a preparation method of the copper-chromium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
according to the chemical components of the copper-chromium alloy, the preparation raw materials are mixed and then smelted and cast to obtain cast ingots;
and sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling, solution treatment, first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the cast ingot to obtain the copper-chromium alloy.
According to the chemical components of the copper-chromium alloy, the preparation raw materials are mixed and then are smelted and cast to obtain an ingot. In the present invention, the preparation raw materials preferably include electrolytic copper, pure chromium and copper-zirconium master alloys, copper-iron master alloys and copper-phosphorus master alloys. The invention preferably adopts a horizontal continuous casting mode for smelting and casting. In the invention, the smelting temperature is preferably 1200-1250 ℃, and can be 1200 ℃, 1225 ℃ or 1250 ℃; the casting temperature is preferably 1170-1220 ℃, and can be 1170 ℃, 1195 ℃ or 1220 ℃. The preparation method is characterized in that the preparation raw materials are heated to the smelting temperature after being proportioned, the temperature is kept for 10-15 min after the preparation raw materials are completely melted, and the mixture is fully stirred for 10-30 min and then is cast after being kept stand for 3-5 min. In an embodiment of the invention, the smelting is preferably performed in a power frequency induction furnace.
After the ingot is obtained, the ingot is subjected to homogenizing annealing to obtain a homogenizing annealing blank. In the present invention, the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is preferably 850 to 900 ℃, and specifically 850 ℃, 860 ℃, 870 ℃, 875 ℃, 880 ℃, 890 ℃ or 900 ℃; the holding time is preferably 6 to 16 hours, more preferably 8 to 14 hours, and still more preferably 10 to 12 hours. The invention preferably carries out homogenizing annealing under the condition, can carry out dissolution back on partial inclusions distributed near the grain boundary in the alloy, can fully diffuse solute atoms in a matrix, and ensures the uniformity of precipitation of a precipitation phase in the aging treatment process.
After the homogenized annealed blank is obtained, the homogenized annealed blank is hot rolled to obtain a hot rolled material. In the present invention, the temperature of the hot rolling is preferably 900 to 950 ℃, and specifically may be 900 ℃, 910 ℃, 920 ℃, 925 ℃, 930 ℃, 940 ℃ or 950 ℃; the holding time is preferably 1 to 3 hours, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 hours, still more preferably 2 hours; the total deformation amount of the hot rolling is preferably 70 to 95%, more preferably 72 to 90%, still more preferably 74 to 85%, and still more preferably 75 to 80%. The invention preferably carries out hot rolling under the conditions, can eliminate the as-cast structure of the alloy and obtain more uniform structure morphology, is favorable for solution treatment to obtain more uniform structure, and ensures that the finally obtained copper-chromium alloy has better uniformity in hardness distribution.
After the hot rolled material is obtained, the hot rolled material is subjected to solution treatment to obtain the solid solution material. In the present invention, the solution treatment is preferably an in-line solution treatment; the temperature of the solution treatment is preferably 950-1000 ℃, and can be 950 ℃, 960 ℃, 970 ℃, 980 ℃, 990 ℃ or 1000 ℃ specifically; the holding time is preferably 0.2 to 2 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 1 hour. The solution treatment is preferably carried out under the conditions, so that chromium, iron and phosphorus elements in the alloy are fully dissolved back, a large amount of chromium and iron elements are uniformly precipitated in the aging process, and the strong hardness of the finally obtained copper-chromium alloy is improved.
After the solid solution material is obtained, the solid solution material is subjected to first cold rolling to obtain a first cold-rolled material. In the present invention, the total deformation amount of the first cold rolling is preferably 40 to 60%, and may be specifically 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% or 60%. According to the invention, partial quenching stress can be eliminated by performing first cold rolling after solution treatment, so that the alloy plate shape is good, dislocation can be introduced into the alloy after deformation, the driving force of atomic precipitation is improved, an atomic rapid diffusion channel is provided, and rapid precipitation of a precipitated phase in the aging treatment process is facilitated; the first cold rolling is preferably carried out under the conditions, so that dislocation can be introduced into the alloy, and solute atoms can be quickly and fully separated out in the aging process.
After the first cold-rolled material is obtained, the first cold-rolled material is subjected to aging treatment to obtain an aging treatment material. In the invention, the temperature of the aging treatment is preferably 460-540 ℃, and specifically can be 460 ℃, 475 ℃, 490 ℃, 500 ℃, 515 ℃ or 540 ℃; the heat preservation time is preferably 3-5 h, and can be 3h, 4h or 5h. The invention preferably carries out aging treatment under the above conditions, can lead to a large amount of precipitated phases, can control the size of the precipitated phases to be smaller, and is beneficial to improving the strength, hardness and conductivity of the finally obtained copper-chromium alloy.
After the ageing treatment material is obtained, the ageing treatment material is preferably subjected to a second cold rolling to obtain a second cold rolled material. In the present invention, the total deformation amount of the second cold rolling is preferably 30 to 50%, and may be specifically 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%. The second cold rolling is preferably carried out under the condition, so that the dislocation density of the copper-chromium alloy can be increased, and the strength and the hardness of the copper-chromium alloy are improved.
After the second cold-rolled material is obtained, the second cold-rolled material is subjected to low-temperature annealing to obtain the copper-chromium alloy. In the present invention, the low temperature annealing temperature is preferably 350 to 450 ℃, and specifically may be 350 ℃, 375 ℃, 390 ℃, 400 ℃, 410 ℃, 425 ℃ or 450 ℃; the heat preservation time is preferably 2 to 4 hours, and can be specifically 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours or 4 hours. In the present invention, the low temperature annealing is preferably a bell jar annealing. The present invention preferably performs low-temperature annealing under the above conditions, and can sufficiently precipitate solute atoms dissolved in the matrix, thereby simultaneously improving the strength and conductivity of the alloy.
In the invention, the copper-chromium alloy is preferably a copper-chromium alloy plate strip, and the copper-chromium alloy plate strip with medium strength, medium elongation, high hardness, high conductivity and high bending property can be prepared according to the method.
The invention provides application of the copper-chromium alloy prepared by the technical scheme or the preparation method of the technical scheme in Type-C, automobile connectors or lead frames.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in connection with the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1170 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 40%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 30%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Example 2
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1225 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1195 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 875 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 925 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 40%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 30%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Example 3
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1250 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1195 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 40%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 30%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Example 4
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1170 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 50%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 40%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Example 5
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1225 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1195 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 875 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 925 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 60%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 50%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Example 6
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1170 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 40%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 30%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours.
Example 7
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1170 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 40%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 30%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Example 8
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1170 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 50%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 40%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours.
Example 9
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1170 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 60%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 40%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Example 10
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1225 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1195 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 875 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 925 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 50%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 40%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours.
Example 11
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1250 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1220 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 60%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 40%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Example 12
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1250 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1220 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 60%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 40%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Example 13
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1250 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1220 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 60%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 40%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Example 14
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1250 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1220 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 60%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 40%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Example 15
Smelting and casting by adopting a horizontal continuous casting mode after the alloy components in the table 1 are proportioned, specifically, sequentially adding electrolytic copper, copper-zirconium intermediate alloy, copper-iron intermediate alloy, pure chromium and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy into a power frequency induction furnace, heating to 1250 ℃, preserving heat for 15min after the raw materials are completely melted, fully stirring for 10min, standing for 5min, discharging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 1220 ℃, and obtaining cast ingots;
sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and on-line solution treatment on the cast ingot to obtain a solution material; wherein the temperature of the homogenizing annealing is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours; the temperature of the hot rolling is 950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the total deformation is 75%; the temperature of the online solution treatment is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
sequentially performing first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the solid solution material to obtain copper-chromium alloy; wherein the total deformation of the first cold rolling is 60%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours; the total deformation of the second cold rolling is 40%; the low-temperature annealing is bell jar annealing, the temperature of the low-temperature annealing is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Table 1 composition formulations (wt%) of copper-chromium alloys in examples 1 to 15
The copper-chromium alloys prepared in examples 1 to 15 were subjected to performance tests, and specific results are shown in Table 2, wherein the tensile strength was tested according to the room temperature tensile test method of copper and copper alloy materials in GB/T34505-2017 standard; hardness is tested according to the Vickers hardness test method of the metal material in GB/T4340-2009 standard; elongation was tested according to GB/T34505-2017 method; conductivity was tested according to the copper and copper alloy conductivity eddy current test method in the GBT 32791-2016 standard; bending properties were measured according to the method for bending test of metallic materials (GB/T232-2010). As can be seen from Table 2, the copper-chromium alloy provided by the invention has the advantages of medium strength, medium elongation, high hardness, high conductivity and high bending property.
TABLE 2 Performance test results of copper-chromium alloys prepared in examples 1 to 15
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A copper-chromium alloy, characterized by comprising the following chemical components by mass:
0.4 to 1.2 percent of Cr, 0.02 to 0.15 percent of Zr0.02 to 0.25 percent of Fe, 0.02 to 0.15 percent of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities.
2. The copper-chromium alloy according to claim 1, comprising the following chemical composition:
0.6 to 1.0 percent of Cr, 0.04 to 0.12 percent of Zr0.06 to 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.05 to 0.13 percent of P, and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities.
3. The copper-chromium alloy according to claim 2, comprising the following chemical composition:
0.7 to 0.8 percent of Cr, 0.06 to 0.10 percent of Zr0.10 to 0.15 percent of Fe, 0.08 to 0.10 percent of P and the balance of copper and unavoidable impurities.
4. A method for producing a copper-chromium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
according to the chemical composition of the copper-chromium alloy of any one of claims 1 to 3, preparing raw materials, and smelting and casting to obtain an ingot;
and sequentially carrying out homogenizing annealing, hot rolling, solution treatment, first cold rolling, aging treatment, second cold rolling and low-temperature annealing on the cast ingot to obtain the copper-chromium alloy.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the homogenizing annealing temperature is 850-900 ℃ and the holding time is 6-16 h.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the hot rolling is carried out at a temperature of 900 to 950 ℃ for a holding time of 1 to 3 hours; the total deformation of the hot rolling is 70-95%.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the solution treatment is carried out at 950 to 1000 ℃ for 0.2 to 2 hours.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the total deformation amount of the first cold rolling is 40 to 60%; the temperature of the aging treatment is 460-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the total deformation amount of the second cold rolling is 30 to 50%; the low-temperature annealing temperature is 350-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h.
10. Use of a copper-chromium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or a copper-chromium alloy according to any one of claims 4 to 9 in Type-C, automotive connectors or lead frames.
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