CN116415527B - Urban block wind environment assessment method and system - Google Patents
Urban block wind environment assessment method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a city block wind environment assessment method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining target months and all target wind directions which meet preset natural ventilation conditions according to meteorological observation data; calculating wind environment influence indexes; wherein, wind environment influence index includes: the open space rate, the number of buildings in unit area, the ratio of the width of the air inlet to the width of the windward side, the wind guide length in unit area and the wind resistance area in unit area; according to the wind environment influence index and a linear regression equation based on the wind environment influence index and the wind speed ratio, calculating the wind speed ratio of each target wind direction; according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month, carrying out weighted summation on all wind speed ratios to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score; and evaluating the wind environment of the target area according to the wind environment comprehensive score to obtain a wind environment evaluation result. The method can simplify the calculation process of wind environment assessment, save time and labor cost and improve the calculation efficiency of urban block wind environment assessment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urban planning, in particular to a city block wind environment assessment method and system.
Background
Aiming at wind environment assessment of a small-scale city block planning design scheme, at present, the wind environment related indexes such as a wind speed ratio, a wind speed, a temperature and the like are estimated by adopting technical means such as computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation, wind tunnel experiments and the like at home and abroad, and the wind environment of the city block is evaluated. However, the wind speed ratio, the wind speed, the temperature and the like are all effect indexes, the wind speed ratio, the wind speed, the temperature and the like can be obtained through in-situ monitoring, wind tunnel experiments, CFD simulation or complex iterative operation, a large amount of time and labor cost are required to be input in the simulation and experiment process, the workload is huge, and the operation efficiency of urban neighborhood wind environment assessment is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a city block wind environment assessment method and a system, which can simplify the calculation process of wind environment assessment, save time and labor cost and improve the calculation efficiency of city block wind environment assessment.
The embodiment of the invention provides a city block wind environment assessment method, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring meteorological observation data of a target area, and determining target months meeting preset natural ventilation conditions and all target wind directions in the target months according to the meteorological observation data;
calculating wind environment influence indexes; wherein the wind environment impact index comprises: the method comprises the steps of opening space rate of a target area, building quantity of the target area in unit area, ratio of air inlet width to windward width corresponding to each target wind direction, wind guiding length of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction and wind blocking area of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction;
calculating the wind speed ratio of each target wind direction according to the wind environment influence index and a preset wind speed ratio calculation equation; the wind speed ratio calculation equation is a linear regression equation based on wind environment influence indexes and a wind speed ratio;
according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month, weighting and summing all the wind speed ratios to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score;
and according to the wind environment comprehensive score, the wind environment of the target area is evaluated, and a wind environment evaluation result is obtained.
As an improvement of the above-mentioned scheme, the meteorological observation data includes a month average air temperature per month, a month average absolute humidity per month, and a wind direction frequency per wind direction;
the preset natural ventilation condition includes:
the average monthly air temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold, and the average monthly absolute humidity is greater than a preset humidity threshold;
the wind direction frequency is greater than a preset frequency threshold.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the wind speed ratio calculation equation is specifically:
wherein a is 1 Is a preset constant term, a 2 A is a first correlation coefficient corresponding to the wind guiding length of unit area 3 A is a second correlation coefficient corresponding to the ratio of the width of the air inlet to the width of the windward side 4 A is a third correlation coefficient corresponding to the choke area per unit area 5 A is a fourth correlation coefficient corresponding to the open space rate 6 A fifth correlation coefficient corresponding to the number of buildings in unit area, R hgi For the wind speed ratio of the ith target wind direction, R di The unit area wind guide length corresponding to the ith target wind direction is R ri Is the ratio of the width of the air inlet corresponding to the ith target wind direction to the width of the windward side, R zi Is the choke area on the unit area corresponding to the ith target wind direction, R k For the open space rate of the target region, R j Building quantity per unit area of the target area.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the step of weighting and summing all the wind speed ratios according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score specifically includes:
and carrying out weighted summation on all the wind speed ratios according to the following formula to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score:
wherein R is wind environment comprehensive score, P i For the occurrence frequency of the ith target wind direction in the target month, R hgi And n is the total number of target wind directions in the target month, wherein the wind speed ratio is the ith target wind direction.
As an improvement of the above-mentioned scheme, the open space ratio of the target area is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is k For the open space ratio of the target area, S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area, S kc Is the open space area within the minimum convex edge of the target area.
As an improvement of the above-described scheme, the number of buildings per unit area of the target area is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is j For the number of buildings per unit area of the target area, N j And S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area for the number of buildings in the target area.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the unit area wind guiding length corresponding to each target wind direction is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is di The unit area wind guide length corresponding to the ith target wind direction is L j A is the windward side length of the j-th building in the minimum convex edge shape of the target area ji And S is the minimum convex area of the target area, wherein the wind direction angle is the wind direction angle between the jth building and the ith target wind direction in the minimum convex area of the target area.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the choke area per unit area corresponding to each target wind direction is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is zi Is the choke area on the unit area corresponding to the ith target wind direction, S j A, which is the windward area of the j-th building in the minimum convex edge shape of the target area ji And S is the minimum convex area of the target area, wherein the wind direction angle is the wind direction angle between the jth building and the ith target wind direction in the minimum convex area of the target area.
As an improvement of the above solution, the estimating the wind environment of the target area according to the wind environment composite score to obtain a wind environment estimation result includes:
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a first preset value, judging that the wind environment assessment result is excellent in wind environment;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a second preset value and smaller than or equal to the first preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is good;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a third preset value and smaller than or equal to the second preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is wind environment and the like;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a fourth preset value and smaller than or equal to the third preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is poor in wind environment;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is smaller than or equal to the fourth preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is wind environment difference; the first preset value is greater than the second preset value, the second preset value is greater than the third preset value, and the third preset value is greater than the fourth preset value.
Accordingly, another embodiment of the present invention provides a city block wind environment assessment system, comprising:
the wind environment base analysis module is used for acquiring meteorological observation data of a target area, determining target months meeting preset natural ventilation conditions according to the meteorological observation data, and determining all target wind directions in the target months;
the wind environment influence index calculation module is used for calculating wind environment influence indexes; wherein the wind environment impact index comprises: the method comprises the steps of opening space rate of a target area, building quantity of the target area in unit area, ratio of air inlet width to windward width corresponding to each target wind direction, wind guiding length of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction and wind blocking area of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction;
the wind direction and wind speed ratio calculation module is used for calculating the wind speed ratio of each target wind direction according to the wind environment influence index and a preset wind speed ratio calculation equation; the wind speed ratio calculation equation is a linear regression equation based on wind environment influence indexes and a wind speed ratio;
the wind environment comprehensive scoring module is used for carrying out weighted summation on all the wind speed ratios according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score;
and the wind environment comprehensive evaluation module is used for evaluating the wind environment of the target area according to the wind environment comprehensive score to obtain a wind environment evaluation result.
Compared with the prior art, the urban street wind environment assessment method and system disclosed by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that firstly, meteorological observation data of a target area are obtained, and target months meeting preset natural ventilation conditions and all target wind directions in the target months are determined according to the meteorological observation data; calculating wind environment influence indexes; wherein the wind environment impact index comprises: the method comprises the steps of opening space rate of a target area, building quantity of the target area in unit area, ratio of air inlet width to windward width corresponding to each target wind direction, wind guiding length of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction and wind blocking area of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction; calculating the wind speed ratio of each target wind direction according to the wind environment influence index and a preset wind speed ratio calculation equation; the wind speed ratio calculation equation is a linear regression equation based on wind environment influence indexes and a wind speed ratio; according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month, weighting and summing all the wind speed ratios to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score; and according to the wind environment comprehensive score, the wind environment of the target area is evaluated, and a wind environment evaluation result is obtained. Therefore, the corresponding wind environment influence index can be calculated only by utilizing the existing index parameters in the planning design scheme of the urban target area, and the wind speed ratio of each target wind direction is further calculated, so that wind environment assessment is carried out on the target area, the calculation process is simple, the time and labor cost can be saved to a certain extent, and the calculation efficiency of urban neighborhood wind environment assessment is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a city block wind environment assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a minimum convex edge definition provided by an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of calculating a ratio of a width of an air inlet to a width of a windward side according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a wind direction angle of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a city block wind environment assessment system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of a city block wind environment assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The urban neighborhood wind environment assessment method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s11, acquiring meteorological observation data of a target area, and determining target months meeting preset natural ventilation conditions and all target wind directions in the target months according to the meteorological observation data;
s12, calculating wind environment influence indexes; wherein the wind environment impact index comprises: the method comprises the steps of opening space rate of a target area, building quantity of the target area in unit area, ratio of air inlet width to windward width corresponding to each target wind direction, wind guiding length of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction and wind blocking area of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction;
s13, calculating the wind speed ratio of each target wind direction according to the wind environment influence index and a preset wind speed ratio calculation equation; the wind speed ratio calculation equation is a linear regression equation based on wind environment influence indexes and a wind speed ratio;
s14, carrying out weighted summation on all the wind speed ratios according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score;
and S15, according to the wind environment comprehensive score, the wind environment of the target area is evaluated, and a wind environment evaluation result is obtained.
Optionally, the meteorological observation data comprises a month average air temperature of each month, a month average absolute humidity of each month, and a wind direction frequency of each wind direction;
the preset natural ventilation condition includes:
the average monthly air temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold, and the average monthly absolute humidity is greater than a preset humidity threshold;
the wind direction frequency is greater than a preset frequency threshold.
Specifically, the meteorological observation data are classical year-by-year meteorological data.
Optionally, the preset temperature threshold is 26 ℃, and the preset humidity threshold is 15g/m 3 The preset frequency threshold is 5%.
Illustratively, the preset temperature threshold is 26 ℃, and the preset humidity threshold is 15g/m 3 In actual operation, according to the model year-by-year meteorological data of the target area in the planning and design scheme, months with average month air temperature greater than 26 ℃ and average month absolute humidity greater than 15g/m3 are screened as target months, and wind directions with frequencies greater than 5% in the target months are selected as target wind directions.
It should be noted that the preset temperature threshold, the preset humidity threshold, and the preset frequency threshold may be adjusted according to actual situations, and specific numerical values thereof are not limited herein.
As one specific embodiment, the wind speed ratio calculation equation is specifically:
wherein a is 1 Is a preset constant term, a 2 A is a first correlation coefficient corresponding to the wind guiding length of unit area 3 A is a second correlation coefficient corresponding to the ratio of the width of the air inlet to the width of the windward side 4 A is a third correlation coefficient corresponding to the choke area per unit area 5 A is a fourth correlation coefficient corresponding to the open space rate 6 Corresponding to the number of buildings in unit areaFive correlation coefficients, R hgi For the wind speed ratio of the ith target wind direction, R di The unit area wind guide length corresponding to the ith target wind direction is R ri Is the ratio of the width of the air inlet corresponding to the ith target wind direction to the width of the windward side, R zi Is the choke area on the unit area corresponding to the ith target wind direction, R k For the open space rate of the target region, R j Building quantity per unit area of the target area.
A is that 6 The value of (2) is a negative number.
Alternatively, a 1 ＝0.117，a 2 ＝9.763，a 3 ＝0.556，a 4 ＝0.013，a 5 ＝0.26，a 6 ＝-0.03。
The wind speed ratio calculation equation is constructed by performing linear regression analysis based on the wind environment influence index and the corresponding wind speed ratio of experimental simulation or historical measurement, and is a linear regression equation based on the wind environment influence index and the wind speed ratio. a, a 1 、a 2 、a 3 、a 4 、a 5 、a 6 The specific value of (c) may be adjusted based on the actual correlation analysis. Illustratively, 270 city block models are constructed, the city block ground wind environment is simulated by adopting CFD and GIS technologies, and wind environment influence indexes and wind speed ratios are calculated. Taking the wind speed ratio in the minimum convex edge shape as a dependent variable and the wind environment influence index as an independent variable, performing multiple linear regression analysis to obtain a wind speed ratio calculation equation, namely,of course, in actual operation, the wind speed ratio calculation equation may be other mathematical equations or models for predicting the wind speed ratio by analyzing correlations between a plurality of wind environment influence indexes and the wind speed ratio.
Specifically, the weighted summation is performed on all the wind speed ratios according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score, which specifically includes:
and carrying out weighted summation on all the wind speed ratios according to the following formula to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score:
wherein R is wind environment comprehensive score, P i For the occurrence frequency of the ith target wind direction in the target month, R hgi And n is the total number of target wind directions in the target month, wherein the wind speed ratio is the ith target wind direction.
Specifically, before calculating the wind environment impact indicator, the method further comprises: and demarcating the minimum convex edge shape of the target area. Referring to fig. 2, specifically, the outermost points of all the buildings in the target area are connected, and the portion exceeding the planned boundary of the target area is removed, resulting in the minimum convex shape of the target area. The purpose of defining the minimum convex edge of the target area is to avoid the same building layout, and the different evaluation ranges cause a difference in the air speed ratio.
In some preferred embodiments, the open space ratio of the target area is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is k For the open space ratio of the target area, S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area, S kc Is the open space area within the minimum convex edge of the target area.
It will be appreciated that wind flows primarily within the open space of a city block, and therefore how much open space is the basis for evaluating how good a city block is in its wind environment. In general, the higher the open space rate of a city block, the better its wind environment. The open space ratio is equal to the ratio of the minimum convex inner open space area to the minimum convex area of the city block.
In some preferred embodiments, the number of buildings per unit area of the target area is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is j For the number of buildings per unit area of the target area, N j And S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area for the number of buildings in the target area.
It is worth noting that the more continuous the open space, the larger its space and the better the wind environment conditions. When the open space area is fixed, the more the number of buildings in the unit area of the target area is, the smaller the independent open space area is, the more the open space is divided into fragments by the buildings, the more friction surfaces are encountered by wind flowing in the open space, and the wind speed is reduced to a greater extent. Conversely, the smaller the number of buildings per unit area of the target area, the larger the area of the independent open space, and the fewer friction surfaces the wind flows in, the wind speed is maintained.
In some preferred embodiments, the ratio of the width of the air inlet to the width of the windward side corresponding to each target wind direction is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is ri Is the ratio of the width of the air inlet corresponding to the ith target wind direction to the width of the windward side, L r The width of the air inlet corresponding to the ith target wind direction is L y And the windward width corresponding to the ith target wind direction.
It will be appreciated that the ratio of the width of the inlet to the width of the face can reflect the ability of wind to blow into the city block. Referring to fig. 3, the width of the windward side is the projected length of the minimum convex edge shape perpendicular to the wind direction, and the width of the air inlet is the projected length of the common edge of the non-shielding surface and the minimum convex edge shape perpendicular to the wind direction.
Referring to fig. 4, the wind direction angle is the wind directionAnd in the actual process, if wind blows directly to the building, the wind direction angle is 0 degrees, and the wind speed is larger as the wind direction angle approaches 45 degrees. Spectral analysis shows that the closer the wind direction angle is to 45 °, the better the building is able to direct wind into the open space within the target area. When the wind direction angle exceeds 45 degrees, the wind direction is subjected to shock wave. The windward side is instead unable to adequately direct the wind into the city block. It should be noted that, the difference between the wind direction angles is linearly changed, but the change amplitude of the wind speed ratio is not linear, but shows a parabolic change trend. Therefore, it is considered that the wind guiding performance of the surface is better as the wind direction angle approaches 45 °, and the wind guiding performance of the surface is decreased as the wind direction angle is smaller or larger than 45 °. Based on the above, the invention sets a windward side with a wind guiding length equal to the product of the sine value of twice the wind direction angle of the side and the length of the side, namely L d =lsin2α; wherein L is d The wind guide length of the windward side is L, the length of the windward side is L, and alpha is the wind direction angle.
In some preferred embodiments, the wind guiding length per unit area corresponding to each target wind direction is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is di The unit area wind guide length corresponding to the ith target wind direction is L j A is the windward side length of the j-th building in the minimum convex edge shape of the target area ji And S is the minimum convex area of the target area, wherein the wind direction angle is the wind direction angle between the jth building and the ith target wind direction in the minimum convex area of the target area.
It will be appreciated that the greater the length of wind guiding per unit area, the better the wind guiding performance of the building layout, the more wind can be guided into the city block. The unit area wind guiding length is equal to the ratio of the sum of the wind guiding lengths of all windward sides in the target area to the minimum convex edge area.
In some preferred embodiments, the choke area per unit area corresponding to each target wind direction is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is zi Is the choke area on the unit area corresponding to the ith target wind direction, S j A, which is the windward area of the j-th building in the minimum convex edge shape of the target area ji And S is the minimum convex area of the target area, wherein the wind direction angle is the wind direction angle between the jth building and the ith target wind direction in the minimum convex area of the target area.
The degree of blocking of wind by the building is mainly determined by the size of the wind blocking area, and the larger the wind blocking area is, the stronger the blocking effect of the building on wind is. The wind resistance area of the building is the projected area of the windward side of the building perpendicular to the wind direction, and the value is equal to the windward side area multiplied by the cosine value of the windward side wind direction angle. The wind blocking area per unit area can be used to evaluate the degree of wind blocking of a building, which is equal to the ratio of the sum of the projected areas of the windward sides of all buildings in the target area perpendicular to the wind direction to the minimum convex area.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the parameter of the calculated wind environment influence index may be obtained by the planning and designing scheme of the target area, so that the wind environment influence index may be calculated only by the existing index parameter in the planning and designing scheme of the target area, and further, the wind speed ratio of each target wind direction may be calculated by the wind environment influence index and the preset wind speed ratio calculation equation, so as to obtain the wind environment evaluation result based on the wind speed ratios of all the target wind directions, without performing experiment, simulation or iterative operation on the wind environment of the target area as in the prior art, with simple and efficient calculation process, easy operation, and relatively stable and reliable wind environment evaluation result. Therefore, the wind environment assessment method is suitable for wind environment assessment of the urban block planning design scheme, and is easy to popularize in practice.
In an optional implementation manner, the estimating the wind environment of the target area according to the wind environment comprehensive score to obtain a wind environment estimation result includes:
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a first preset value, judging that the wind environment assessment result is excellent in wind environment;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a second preset value and smaller than or equal to the first preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is good;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a third preset value and smaller than or equal to the second preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is wind environment and the like;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a fourth preset value and smaller than or equal to the third preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is poor in wind environment;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is smaller than or equal to the fourth preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is wind environment difference; the first preset value is greater than the second preset value, the second preset value is greater than the third preset value, and the third preset value is greater than the fourth preset value.
Preferably, the first preset value is 0.8, the second preset value is 0.6, the third preset value is 0.4, and the fourth preset value is 0.2.
As can be appreciated, in the present embodiment, the wind environment evaluation results are sequentially classified into five levels of excellent, good, medium, poor, and bad according to the degree of the wind environment; wherein, the wind environment is excellent and better than the wind environment, the wind environment is good and better than the wind environment, and the wind environment is moderate and worse than the wind environment, and the wind environment is worse and better than the wind environment is bad. Of course, in actual operation, the wind environment assessment result may be classified into a first level, a second level, a third level, a fourth level, and a fifth level according to actual needs, and the higher the level, the better/worse the wind environment. In addition, the wind environment assessment result may be divided into four levels or three levels, and the determination and division of the wind environment assessment result are not particularly limited.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic structural diagram of a city block wind environment assessment system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
The city block wind environment assessment system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the wind environment base analysis module 21 is configured to acquire meteorological observation data of a target area, determine a target month satisfying a preset natural ventilation condition according to the meteorological observation data, and determine all target wind directions in the target month;
a wind environment impact index calculation module 22 for calculating a wind environment impact index; wherein the wind environment impact index comprises: the method comprises the steps of opening space rate of a target area, building quantity of the target area in unit area, ratio of air inlet width to windward width corresponding to each target wind direction, wind guiding length of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction and wind blocking area of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction;
a wind direction and wind speed ratio calculation module 23, configured to calculate a wind speed ratio of each target wind direction according to the wind environment impact index and a preset wind speed ratio calculation equation; the wind speed ratio calculation equation is a linear regression equation based on wind environment influence indexes and a wind speed ratio;
a wind environment comprehensive scoring module 24, configured to weight and sum all the wind speed ratios according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month, so as to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score;
and the wind environment comprehensive evaluation module 25 is configured to evaluate the wind environment of the target area according to the wind environment comprehensive score, so as to obtain a wind environment evaluation result.
Optionally, the meteorological observation data in the wind environment base analysis module 21 includes a month average air temperature of each month, a month average absolute humidity of each month, and a wind direction frequency of each wind direction;
the preset natural ventilation condition includes:
the average monthly air temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold, and the average monthly absolute humidity is greater than a preset humidity threshold;
the wind direction frequency is greater than a preset frequency threshold.
As one specific embodiment, the wind speed ratio calculation equation in the wind direction/wind speed ratio calculation module 23 is specifically:
wherein a is 1 Is a preset constant term, a 2 A is a first correlation coefficient corresponding to the wind guiding length of unit area 3 A is a second correlation coefficient corresponding to the ratio of the width of the air inlet to the width of the windward side 4 A is a third correlation coefficient corresponding to the choke area per unit area 5 A is a fourth correlation coefficient corresponding to the open space rate 6 A fifth correlation coefficient corresponding to the number of buildings in unit area, R hgi For the wind speed ratio of the ith target wind direction, R di The unit area wind guide length corresponding to the ith target wind direction is R ri Is the ratio of the width of the air inlet corresponding to the ith target wind direction to the width of the windward side, R zi Is the choke area on the unit area corresponding to the ith target wind direction, R k For the open space rate of the target region, R j Building quantity per unit area of the target area.
Specifically, the wind environment comprehensive scoring module 24 is specifically configured to:
and carrying out weighted summation on all the wind speed ratios according to the following formula to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score:
wherein R is wind environment comprehensive score, P i For the occurrence frequency of the ith target wind direction in the target month, R hgi And n is the total number of target wind directions in the target month, wherein the wind speed ratio is the ith target wind direction.
In some preferred embodiments, the wind environment impact indicator calculation module 22 calculates the open space rate of the target area by the following formula:
wherein R is k For the open space ratio of the target area, S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area, S kc Is the open space area within the minimum convex edge of the target area.
In some preferred embodiments, the wind environment impact indicator calculation module 22 calculates the number of buildings per unit area of the target area by the following formula:
wherein R is j For the number of buildings per unit area of the target area, N j And S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area for the number of buildings in the target area.
In some preferred embodiments, the wind environment impact indicator calculation module 22 calculates the ratio of the width of the wind inlet to the width of the windward side corresponding to each of the target wind directions according to the following formula:
wherein R is ri Is the ratio of the width of the air inlet corresponding to the ith target wind direction to the width of the windward side, L r The width of the air inlet corresponding to the ith target wind direction is L y And the windward width corresponding to the ith target wind direction.
In some preferred embodiments, the wind environment impact indicator calculation module 22 calculates the wind guiding length per unit area corresponding to each target wind direction according to the following formula:
wherein R is di The unit area wind guide length corresponding to the ith target wind direction is L j A is the windward side length of the j-th building in the minimum convex edge shape of the target area ji And S is the minimum convex area of the target area, wherein the wind direction angle is the wind direction angle between the jth building and the ith target wind direction in the minimum convex area of the target area.
In some preferred embodiments, the wind environment impact indicator calculation module 22 calculates the wind resistance area per unit area corresponding to each target wind direction according to the following formula:
wherein R is zi Is the choke area on the unit area corresponding to the ith target wind direction, S j A, which is the windward area of the j-th building in the minimum convex edge shape of the target area ji And S is the minimum convex area of the target area, wherein the wind direction angle is the wind direction angle between the jth building and the ith target wind direction in the minimum convex area of the target area.
In an alternative embodiment, wind environment integrated assessment module 25 is specifically configured to:
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a first preset value, judging that the wind environment assessment result is excellent in wind environment;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a second preset value and smaller than or equal to the first preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is good;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a third preset value and smaller than or equal to the second preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is wind environment and the like;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a fourth preset value and smaller than or equal to the third preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is poor in wind environment;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is smaller than or equal to the fourth preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is wind environment difference; the first preset value is greater than the second preset value, the second preset value is greater than the third preset value, and the third preset value is greater than the fourth preset value.
It should be noted that, the relevant detailed description and the beneficial effects of each embodiment of the urban street wind environment assessment device of the present embodiment may refer to the relevant detailed description and the beneficial effects of each embodiment of the urban street wind environment assessment method described above, and are not repeated herein.
It should be noted that the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. In addition, in the drawings of the embodiment of the device provided by the invention, the connection relation between the modules represents that the modules have communication connection, and can be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
In summary, according to the urban block wind environment assessment method and system provided by the embodiment of the invention, firstly, meteorological observation data of a target area are obtained, and a target month meeting a preset natural ventilation condition and all target wind directions in the target month are determined according to the meteorological observation data; calculating wind environment influence indexes; wherein the wind environment impact index comprises: the method comprises the steps of opening space rate of a target area, building quantity of the target area in unit area, ratio of air inlet width to windward width corresponding to each target wind direction, wind guiding length of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction and wind blocking area of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction; calculating the wind speed ratio of each target wind direction according to the wind environment influence index and a preset wind speed ratio calculation equation; the wind speed ratio calculation equation is a linear regression equation based on wind environment influence indexes and a wind speed ratio; according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month, weighting and summing all the wind speed ratios to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score; and according to the wind environment comprehensive score, the wind environment of the target area is evaluated, and a wind environment evaluation result is obtained. Therefore, the corresponding wind environment influence index can be calculated only by utilizing the existing index parameters in the planning design scheme of the urban target area, and the wind speed ratio of each target wind direction is further calculated, so that wind environment assessment is carried out on the target area, the calculation process is simple, the time and labor cost can be saved to a certain extent, and the calculation efficiency of urban neighborhood wind environment assessment is improved.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, such changes and modifications are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for evaluating a city block wind environment, comprising:
acquiring meteorological observation data of a target area, and determining target months meeting preset natural ventilation conditions and all target wind directions in the target months according to the meteorological observation data;
calculating wind environment influence indexes; wherein the wind environment impact index comprises: the method comprises the steps of opening space rate of a target area, building quantity of the target area in unit area, ratio of air inlet width to windward width corresponding to each target wind direction, wind guiding length of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction and wind blocking area of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction;
calculating the wind speed ratio of each target wind direction according to the wind environment influence index and a preset wind speed ratio calculation equation; the wind speed ratio calculation equation is a linear regression equation based on wind environment influence indexes and a wind speed ratio;
according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month, weighting and summing all the wind speed ratios to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score;
according to the wind environment comprehensive score, the wind environment of the target area is evaluated, and a wind environment evaluation result is obtained;
the open space rate of the target area is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is k For the open space ratio of the target area, S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area, S kc An open space area within a minimum convex edge shape of the target area;
the unit area wind guide length corresponding to each target wind direction is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is di The unit area wind guide length corresponding to the ith target wind direction is L j A is the windward side length of the j-th building in the minimum convex edge shape of the target area ji The wind direction angle of the jth building and the ith target wind direction in the minimum convex edge of the target area is set as S, and the S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area;
the choke area on the unit area corresponding to each target wind direction is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is zi Corresponds to the ith target wind directionIs a choke area per unit area, S j A, which is the windward area of the j-th building in the minimum convex edge shape of the target area ji The wind direction angle of the jth building and the ith target wind direction in the minimum convex edge of the target area is set as S, and the S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area;
the wind speed ratio calculation equation is specifically as follows:
wherein a is 1 Is a preset constant term, a 2 A is a first correlation coefficient corresponding to the wind guiding length of unit area 3 A is a second correlation coefficient corresponding to the ratio of the width of the air inlet to the width of the windward side 4 A is a third correlation coefficient corresponding to the choke area per unit area 5 A is a fourth correlation coefficient corresponding to the open space rate 6 A fifth correlation coefficient corresponding to the number of buildings in unit area, R hgi For the wind speed ratio of the ith target wind direction, R di The unit area wind guide length corresponding to the ith target wind direction is R ri Is the ratio of the width of the air inlet corresponding to the ith target wind direction to the width of the windward side, R zi Is the choke area on the unit area corresponding to the ith target wind direction, R k For the open space rate of the target region, R j Building quantity per unit area of the target area;
and according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month, carrying out weighted summation on all the wind speed ratios to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
and carrying out weighted summation on all the wind speed ratios according to the following formula to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score:
wherein R is wind environment comprehensive score, P i For the ith target wind directionAt the frequency of occurrence of the target month, R hgi And n is the total number of target wind directions in the target month, wherein the wind speed ratio is the ith target wind direction.
2. The urban block wind environment assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the meteorological observation data includes a month average air temperature per month, a month average absolute humidity per month, a wind direction frequency per wind direction;
the preset natural ventilation conditions include:
the average monthly air temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold, and the average monthly absolute humidity is greater than a preset humidity threshold;
the wind direction frequency is greater than a preset frequency threshold.
3. The urban block wind environment assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the number of buildings per unit area of the target area is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is j For the number of buildings per unit area of the target area, N j And S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area for the number of buildings in the target area.
4. The urban block wind environment assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the assessing the wind environment of the target area according to the wind environment composite score, to obtain a wind environment assessment result, comprises:
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a first preset value, judging that the wind environment assessment result is excellent in wind environment;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a second preset value and smaller than or equal to the first preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is good;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a third preset value and smaller than or equal to the second preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is wind environment and the like;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is larger than a fourth preset value and smaller than or equal to the third preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is poor in wind environment;
when the wind environment comprehensive score is smaller than or equal to the fourth preset value, judging that the wind environment evaluation result is wind environment difference; the first preset value is greater than the second preset value, the second preset value is greater than the third preset value, and the third preset value is greater than the fourth preset value.
5. A city block wind environment assessment system, comprising:
the wind environment base analysis module is used for acquiring meteorological observation data of a target area, determining target months meeting preset natural ventilation conditions according to the meteorological observation data, and determining all target wind directions in the target months;
the wind environment influence index calculation module is used for calculating wind environment influence indexes; wherein the wind environment impact index comprises: the method comprises the steps of opening space rate of a target area, building quantity of the target area in unit area, ratio of air inlet width to windward width corresponding to each target wind direction, wind guiding length of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction and wind blocking area of unit area corresponding to each target wind direction;
the wind direction and wind speed ratio calculation module is used for calculating the wind speed ratio of each target wind direction according to the wind environment influence index and a preset wind speed ratio calculation equation; the wind speed ratio calculation equation is a linear regression equation based on wind environment influence indexes and a wind speed ratio;
the wind environment comprehensive scoring module is used for carrying out weighted summation on all the wind speed ratios according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score;
the wind environment comprehensive evaluation module is used for evaluating the wind environment of the target area according to the wind environment comprehensive score to obtain a wind environment evaluation result;
the open space rate of the target area is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is k For the open space ratio of the target area, S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area, S kc An open space area within a minimum convex edge shape of the target area;
the unit area wind guide length corresponding to each target wind direction is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is di The unit area wind guide length corresponding to the ith target wind direction is L j A is the windward side length of the j-th building in the minimum convex edge shape of the target area ji The wind direction angle of the jth building and the ith target wind direction in the minimum convex edge of the target area is set as S, and the S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area;
the choke area on the unit area corresponding to each target wind direction is calculated by the following formula:
wherein R is zi Is the choke area on the unit area corresponding to the ith target wind direction, S j A, which is the windward area of the j-th building in the minimum convex edge shape of the target area ji Wind for the jth building and the ith target wind direction in the smallest convex shape of the target areaThe tangential angle S is the minimum convex edge area of the target area;
the wind speed ratio calculation equation is specifically as follows:
wherein a is 1 Is a preset constant term, a 2 A is a first correlation coefficient corresponding to the wind guiding length of unit area 3 A is a second correlation coefficient corresponding to the ratio of the width of the air inlet to the width of the windward side 4 A is a third correlation coefficient corresponding to the choke area per unit area 5 A is a fourth correlation coefficient corresponding to the open space rate 6 A fifth correlation coefficient corresponding to the number of buildings in unit area, R hgi For the wind speed ratio of the ith target wind direction, R di The unit area wind guide length corresponding to the ith target wind direction is R ri Is the ratio of the width of the air inlet corresponding to the ith target wind direction to the width of the windward side, R zi Is the choke area on the unit area corresponding to the ith target wind direction, R k For the open space rate of the target region, R j Building quantity per unit area of the target area;
and according to the occurrence frequency of each target wind direction in the target month, carrying out weighted summation on all the wind speed ratios to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
and carrying out weighted summation on all the wind speed ratios according to the following formula to obtain a wind environment comprehensive score:
wherein R is wind environment comprehensive score, P i For the occurrence frequency of the ith target wind direction in the target month, R hgi And n is the total number of target wind directions in the target month, wherein the wind speed ratio is the ith target wind direction.
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| CN104778365A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-15 | 天津大学 | Green building group outdoor wind environment quality comprehensive index evaluation method |
| CN106156516A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-11-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of Urban Streets based on wind tunnel test Pedestrian Level Winds appraisal procedure |
| CN109033664A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-18 | 北京建筑大学 | Based on the considerations of the architectural wind environment appraisal procedure of CFD building body draining effect |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104778365A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-15 | 天津大学 | Green building group outdoor wind environment quality comprehensive index evaluation method |
| CN106156516A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-11-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of Urban Streets based on wind tunnel test Pedestrian Level Winds appraisal procedure |
| CN109033664A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-18 | 北京建筑大学 | Based on the considerations of the architectural wind environment appraisal procedure of CFD building body draining effect |
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