CN116412404A - Small garbage incineration waste heat boiler - Google Patents

Small garbage incineration waste heat boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116412404A
CN116412404A CN202310602855.0A CN202310602855A CN116412404A CN 116412404 A CN116412404 A CN 116412404A CN 202310602855 A CN202310602855 A CN 202310602855A CN 116412404 A CN116412404 A CN 116412404A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
flue gas
flue
waste heat
steam
heat boiler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310602855.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周勇
王盟
张鄂婴
郑晴晴
姚兰花
程杰
高姗姗
狄亚娟
段菽洁
段绪强
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jiangsu Sifang Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co ltd
Original Assignee
Jiangsu Sifang Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Jiangsu Sifang Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co ltd filed Critical Jiangsu Sifang Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority to CN202310602855.0A priority Critical patent/CN116412404A/en
Publication of CN116412404A publication Critical patent/CN116412404A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46Recuperation of heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F23G5/165Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses small-size waste incineration exhaust-heat boiler, including setting up the boiler body in the grate top, the boiler body all sets up on the boiler framework, the boiler body is including setting up the furnace in the grate top, furnace's rear portion is equipped with two flues, flue gas in proper order and turns to ash bucket, three flues, connection flue and afterbody flue, be equipped with high temperature flue gas radiation cooling chamber, two-channel burn-out room and evaporimeter piping I in the two flues in proper order, by supreme flue gas air preheater, evaporimeter piping II and the three-way cooling chamber of being equipped with down in the three flues in proper order, be equipped with economizer system and economizer system in the afterbody flue and arranged ash removal device. Compared with the prior art, the application comprises the following steps: the application is directed against the high temperature, high dust, the high corrosiveness flue gas that small-size domestic waste burns and produces, adopts unique exhaust-heat boiler structure to retrieve the heat in the flue gas, produces middling pressure or low pressure saturated steam and is used for production or life to can be safe, stable long period operation.

Description

Small garbage incineration waste heat boiler
Technical Field
The application relates to a gas boiler technology, in particular to a small garbage incineration waste heat boiler.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy, the production of domestic garbage in county and town areas is rapidly increased, and the harmless and recycling of the domestic garbage can be effectively realized by adopting a high-temperature incineration mode, so that the environmental quality of the county and town people is improved.
At present, the urban domestic garbage treatment scale single furnace is generally more than 300 tons/day, the garbage amount is sufficient, the heat value is high, superheated steam with parameters above medium temperature and medium pressure generated by incineration is used for generating electricity to obtain benefits, but the construction and operation costs are higher, and the method is obviously not suitable for the actual situations of counties and towns with less garbage amount and lower heat value. Therefore, waste heat recovery equipment suitable for small-sized household garbage incineration projects needs to be designed and manufactured according to the specific conditions of counties and towns.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects, the application provides the small garbage incineration waste heat boiler, which is suitable for urban and rural household garbage, has the garbage treatment capacity of 75-250 tons per day, and is required to meet the requirements of combustion efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, economy and practicability.
According to the application, a small-size waste incineration exhaust-heat boiler, including setting up the boiler body in the grate top, the boiler body all sets up on the boiler framework, the boiler body is including setting up the furnace in the grate top, furnace's rear portion is equipped with two flues, flue gas in proper order and turns to ash bucket, three flues, connection flue and afterbody flue, be equipped with high temperature flue gas radiation cooling chamber, two-channel burn-out room and evaporimeter piping I in the two flues in proper order, from bottom to top in the three flues is equipped with flue gas air preheater, evaporimeter piping II and three-way cooling chamber in proper order, be equipped with economizer system and economizer system in the afterbody flue and arranged ash removal device.
Preferably, the flue gas air preheater is connected with an air inlet pipe, the air inlet pipe is provided with a steam air preheater, and the steam air preheater is provided with a steam inlet and a steam outlet.
Preferably, a thermometer is arranged on the air inlet pipe.
Preferably, a steam drum and a mixing header are arranged on the boiler framework, a heater is arranged in the steam drum, the mixing header is sequentially communicated with the economizer system and the steam drum through a water supply pipeline, a water supply branch pipe directly connected with the steam drum is arranged at the water supply end of the water supply pipeline, and the steam drum is connected with the mixing header through a return pipeline.
Preferably, the water supply pipeline and the water supply branch pipe are provided with regulating valves.
Preferably, the economizer system is provided with four heating surface units, and the pipes of the two lower heating units are made of acid-resistant alloy steel.
Preferably, the hearth is connected with the two flues through a waste heat flue gas inlet expansion joint.
Preferably, the ash cleaning device adopts a shock wave or steam blowing cleaning mode.
Preferably, the connecting flue is provided with a three-dimensional expansion joint.
Compared with the prior art, the small garbage incineration waste heat boiler has the advantages that:
(1) The waste incineration exhaust-heat boiler of this application has adopted the heating air mode that built-in flue gas air preheater and external steam air preheater combined together for satisfying the required temperature of combustion-supporting air. Unlike the waste heat boiler system for garbage power generation, which has the overheat steam with high temperature as heat source to heat air, the boiler can heat combustion air to certain temperature with saturated steam and then to the required temperature with the fume air preheater. Ensures that the household garbage can be sufficiently dried and pyrolyzed after entering the incinerator.
(2) In order to prevent high-temperature corrosion of the flue gas air preheater, when the temperature of the common flue gas is between 630 and 700 ℃, the high-temperature corrosion speed is high; and the transverse pitch of the heated tube bundles of the flue gas air preheater adopts large pitch, and the ash removal device is arranged in a matched manner, so that the rise of the tube wall temperature due to bridging ash accumulation is avoided, the heated tube of the flue gas air preheater adopts various measures such as alloy steel tubes, the occurrence probability of high-temperature corrosion of the tube of the flue gas air preheater is effectively reduced, and the service life of the boiler is prolonged.
(3) The small household garbage incineration waste heat boiler has the advantages of being compact, small in occupied area, good in economy and the like.
(4) The small household garbage incineration waste heat boiler has the advantages that economy is considered, heat recovery efficiency is improved, lower water supply temperature is adopted, and therefore the risk of low-temperature corrosion of a heating surface pipe of the economizer is increased. In order to reduce the measure of corrosion, a water inlet bypass system is arranged, the heat absorption quantity of working media flowing through the economizer is regulated, the temperature of flue gas at the outlet of the economizer is ensured not to be lower than 200 ℃ under any possible working condition, and the temperature of the pipe wall of the economizer system is maintained above the temperature of an acid point; secondly, acid-resistant alloy steel is adopted as a tube bundle of the economizer in a low-temperature region of the flue gas, so that the corrosion resistance of the tube is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a boiler according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a boiler combustion air preheating system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas temperature control system of the boiler economizer of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. hearth, 2, waste heat flue gas inlet expansion joint, 3, high temperature flue gas radiation cooling chamber, 4, two-channel burn-out chamber, 5, evaporator piping I, 6, flue gas diverting hopper, 7, flue gas air preheater, 8, evaporator piping II, 9, three-channel cooling chamber, 10, connecting flue, 11, economizer system, 12, ash removal device, 13, steam drum, 14, boiler frame, 15, steam air preheater, 16, two flues, 17, three flues, 18, tail flue, 19, air inlet pipe, 20, steam inlet, 21, steam outlet, 22, thermometer, 23, mixing header, 24, heater, 25, water supply pipeline, 26, water supply branch pipe, 27, return pipeline, 28, regulating valve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, a small garbage incineration waste heat boiler comprises a boiler body arranged above a fire grate, the boiler body is arranged on a boiler framework 14, the boiler body comprises a hearth 1 arranged above the fire grate, a second flue 16, a flue gas turning ash bucket 6, a third flue 17, a connecting flue 10 and a tail flue 18 are sequentially arranged at the rear part of the hearth 1, a high-temperature flue gas radiation cooling chamber 3, a two-channel asher chamber 4 and an evaporator tube system I5 are sequentially arranged in the second flue 16, a flue gas air preheater 7, an evaporator tube system II 8 and a three-channel cooling chamber 9 are sequentially arranged in the third flue 17 from bottom to top, a coal economizer system 11 and a coal economizer system 11 are arranged in the tail flue 18, and in a specific implementation process, each tube bundle type heating surface of the small household garbage incineration waste heat boiler comprises an evaporator tube system I5, a flue gas air preheater 7, an evaporator tube system II 8 and a coal economizer system 11, and a coal economizer 12 are respectively arranged for preventing a flue from being blocked.
As shown in fig. 2, the flue gas air preheater 7 is connected with an air inlet pipe 19, the air inlet pipe 19 is provided with a steam air preheater 15, the steam air preheater 15 is provided with a steam inlet 20 and a steam outlet 21, combustion air needs to be heated to 220 ℃ or higher in order to ensure the garbage incineration efficiency, the combustion air firstly enters the steam air preheater 15, a steam source for heating the steam air preheater can self-produce steam by a boiler, and the combustion air is fed into the flue gas air preheater 7 after being heated to a certain temperature and is continuously heated to the hot air temperature required by the incineration process.
In one embodiment, the air inlet pipe 19 is provided with a thermometer 22, and the thermometer 22 can monitor the air temperature in the air inlet pipe 19 in real time.
As shown in fig. 3, a steam drum 13 and a mixing header 23 are arranged on a boiler frame 14, a heater 24 is arranged in the steam drum 13, the mixing header 23 is sequentially communicated with an economizer system 11 and the steam drum 13 through a water supply pipeline 25, a water supply branch pipe 26 directly connected with the steam drum 13 is arranged at the water supply end of the water supply pipeline 25, the steam drum 13 is connected with the mixing header 23 through a return pipeline 27, and regulating valves 28 are arranged on the water supply pipeline 25 and the water supply branch pipe 26, the system is provided as an economizer smoke discharging temperature regulating system, the smoke discharging temperature of the economizer system 11 is controlled by regulating the heat absorption quantity of working media flowing through the economizer system 11, specifically, when the smoke discharging temperature is lower, the opening degree of a regulating valve 28 on the water supply branch pipe 26 of the boiler barrel is increased, so that part of water supplied to the steam drum 13 absorbs heat through the heater 24 to increase the water temperature, the water supply temperature entering the economizer system 11 through the mixing header 23 is also increased, the temperature difference between smoke and working media in the economizer system 11 is reduced, and the heat absorption quantity of the smoke discharging temperature of the working media in the economizer system 11 is correspondingly reduced;
the steam drum 13 only produces saturated steam with lower parameters for production or life, and the boiler is provided with a superheater device to produce superheated steam for power generation of a steam turbine, which is different from the conventional garbage power generation system, in consideration of the small evaporation amount of the boiler, and the boiler is not provided with a superheater system, so that the saturated steam is directly output from the steam drum 13.
In one embodiment, the economizer system 11 is provided with four heating surface units, and the tubes of the lower two heating units are made of acid resistant alloy steel.
In one embodiment, the furnace 1 and the secondary flue 16 are connected through a waste heat flue gas inlet expansion joint 2.
In one embodiment, the ash cleaning device 12 adopts a shock wave or steam blowing cleaning mode, so that the formation of ash bridging of a tube bundle type heating area can be effectively reduced, and the heat exchange capacity of the heating surface is ensured.
In one embodiment, the connecting flue 10 is provided with a three-dimensional expansion joint, the front channel of the boiler is of a suspension structure, the rear economizer channel of the boiler is of a supporting structure, and the thermal expansion directions are different, so that the boiler connecting flue 10 is provided with the three-dimensional expansion joint, and the relative expansion displacement is absorbed, so that the stable and safe operation of the boiler is ensured.
Working principle: the garbage burns in the hearth 1 to generate smoke, the temperature in the hearth 1 is high, a large amount of heat energy is released in the burning process, the smoke enters the two-channel burning chamber 4 after passing through the radiation cooling chamber 3, the burning residues in the burning chamber are further burned, the emission of the burning residues is reduced, the smoke passing through the two-channel burning chamber 4 enters the evaporator pipe system I5 to be in contact with pipes in the pipe system, the heat of the smoke is transferred to working media (such as water) in the pipes to enable the working media to be evaporated and converted into steam, and the smoke is turned into an ash bucket 6 through the smoke to enable the flow direction of the smoke to be changed and ready to enter the next flue. The flue gas enters a flue gas air preheater 7 and contacts with a tube bundle type heating surface in the preheater, and the heat of the flue gas is transferred to the air in the preheater to heat the combustion air to a required high temperature (for example, 220 ℃ or higher). The flue gas after passing through the flue gas air preheater 7 enters the evaporator tube system II 8, and the heat of the flue gas is transferred to working media in the tubes similarly to the evaporator tube system I5, so that the heat energy utilization efficiency is further improved. The flue gas enters the three-channel cooling chamber 9 after passing through the evaporator pipe system II 8, the temperature of the flue gas is further reduced in the three-channel cooling chamber 9, heat is transferred to working media in pipes by contacting with a pipe bundle type heating surface, waste heat recovery and cooling effects are achieved, the flue gas enters the connecting flue 10 after leaving the three-channel cooling chamber 9, and a three-dimensional expansion joint is arranged on the flue to absorb displacement caused by thermal expansion, so that stable operation of a boiler is ensured. The flue gas then enters the back pass 18. The economizer system 11 is positioned in the tail flue 18 and consists of four heating surface units, and heat exchange is carried out between the tube bundle type heating surface and the flue gas so as to further recover the waste heat in the flue gas.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are not limited thereto; although the embodiments of the present application have been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions, which are defined by the claims of this application.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a small-size waste incineration exhaust-heat boiler, includes the boiler body that sets up in the grate top, the boiler body all sets up on boiler frame (14), its characterized in that, the boiler body is including setting up furnace (1) in the grate top, the rear portion of furnace (1) is equipped with two flues (16), flue gas turns to ash bucket (6), three flue (17), connection flue (10) and afterbody flue (18) in proper order, be equipped with high temperature flue gas radiation cooling chamber (3), two way ashes room (4) and evaporimeter piping I (5) in two flues (16) in proper order, be equipped with flue gas air preheater (7), evaporimeter piping II (8) and three way cooling chamber (9) in proper order by supreme down in three flue (17), be equipped with economizer system (11) and economizer system (11) in afterbody flue (18) and arranged ash removal device (12).
2. The small garbage incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas air preheater (7) is connected with an air inlet pipe (19), the air inlet pipe (19) is provided with a steam air preheater (15), and the steam air preheater (15) is provided with a steam inlet (20) and a steam outlet (21).
3. A small garbage incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 2, characterised in that the air inlet pipe (19) is provided with a thermometer (22).
4. The small garbage incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 1, wherein a steam drum (13) and a mixing header (23) are arranged on the boiler frame (14), a heater (24) is arranged in the steam drum (13), the mixing header (23) is sequentially communicated with the economizer system (11) and the steam drum (13) through a water supply pipeline (25), a water supply end of the water supply pipeline (25) is provided with a water supply branch pipe (26) directly connected with the steam drum (13), and the steam drum (13) is connected with the mixing header (23) through a return pipeline (27).
5. The small garbage incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 4, wherein the water supply pipeline (25) and the water supply branch pipe (26) are provided with regulating valves (28).
6. A small garbage incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 4, characterised in that the economizer system (11) is provided with four heating surface units, and that the pipes of the lower two heating units are made of acid resistant alloy steel.
7. The small garbage incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 1, wherein the hearth (1) is connected with the two flues (16) through a waste heat flue gas inlet expansion joint (2).
8. The small garbage incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 1, wherein the ash removing device (12) adopts a shock wave or steam blowing cleaning mode.
9. A small garbage incineration waste heat boiler according to claim 1, characterised in that the connecting flue (10) is provided with a three-dimensional expansion joint.
CN202310602855.0A 2023-05-26 2023-05-26 Small garbage incineration waste heat boiler Pending CN116412404A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310602855.0A CN116412404A (en) 2023-05-26 2023-05-26 Small garbage incineration waste heat boiler

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310602855.0A CN116412404A (en) 2023-05-26 2023-05-26 Small garbage incineration waste heat boiler

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116412404A true CN116412404A (en) 2023-07-11

Family

ID=87051343

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310602855.0A Pending CN116412404A (en) 2023-05-26 2023-05-26 Small garbage incineration waste heat boiler

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116412404A (en)

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