CN116412057A - 一种聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统 - Google Patents
一种聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于波浪发电和海洋装备领域,提出了一种聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统。该聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统包括抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块及波能装置模块;在不同波能富集区分别布置波能装置模块,形成阵列;各波能装置模块间沿入射波方向无遮挡。本发明提出的抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块,将反射波聚焦于特定区域形成波能富集区,可以应用于波能流密度较低的海域,实现可俘获波能的成倍放大,从而提高波能装置的整体波能转换效率。在抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块不同的波能富集区内布置振荡水柱式波浪能装置,可以实现波能的最大化利用并通过共享基础设施,降低度电成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于波浪发电和海洋装备领域,尤其涉及一种聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统。
背景技术
利用波浪能转换装置可以实现从波浪能到电能的转换。在各种波浪能转换装置中,振荡水柱式(OWC)波能发电装置具有能量转换效率高和结构设计可靠等优点,已成为当前国内外主要发展的一种波浪能利用技术。波浪能发电过程要经过三级转换,当前,相关领域学者主要通过对OWC装置的几何参数进行优化,以提高其水动力学性能,进而提高其一级能量捕获/转换效率(即波浪能转换为OWC气室内气体动能的过程),比如周宇等人在Hydrodynamic investigation of a concentric cylindrical OWC wave energyconverter上基于线性势流理论和特征函数展开法用解析的方法研究了固定圆柱形OWC的水动力性能;宁德志等人在Experimental investigation of a land-based dual-chamber OWC wave energy converter上通过实验研究了双气室OWC的水动力性能。然而,近海的能流密度普遍较低,即一级能量转换的波能输入值本身就很低,由此导致从波浪能到电能的整体能量转换很低。这极大地阻碍了波浪能商业化的进程和大规模使用。
在太阳能收集、无线电波传输和其他技术领域中,使用抛物面反射器将入射波的能量引导至焦点,从而提高焦点处能量密度的理念被广泛应用,譬如我国自主设计建造的500米口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)。因此,可借鉴该“天眼”天文望远镜汇聚反射电磁波的原理,引入抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤,利用波能反射聚焦实现可俘获波能的成倍放大,从而使得布置在波能富集区内的OWC波能装置的波能俘获效率大大提高。
本发明设计了一种聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统,巧妙地将阵列波能装置OWC与聚能墙/抛物型防波堤相结合,形成一种高效的波能俘获系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对部分海域波能流密度低及现存OWC波能转换装置发电效率低的局限,设计一种聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统,通过实现可俘获波能的成倍放大,从而提高系统的整体波能转换量。
本发明的技术方案:一种聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统,包括抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块1及阵列波能装置模块;
波能富集区形成的位置与具体的防波堤形式以及海上波况有关,抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块1的焦点处为一级波能富集区2;从抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块1的焦点至抛物线凹口间,波浪幅值逐渐降低,距离焦点一倍入射波波长处为二级波能富集区3;距离焦点二倍入射波波长处为三级波能富集区4;在不同能量富集区分别布置波能装置模块,形成阵列;一级波能富集区2布置一个波能装置模块,二级波能富集区3布置两个平行的波能装置模块,三级波能富集区4布置两个平行的波能装置模块;各振荡水柱式波浪能装置间沿入射波方向无遮挡。
波能装置模块为振荡水柱式波浪能装置OWC;振荡水柱式波能装置OWC主要由气室5、气孔6及空气涡轮机7组成;气室5为空心圆柱体,其底端开口,顶端设有气孔6,空气涡轮机7置于气孔6内用于发电;气室5一部分位于水线面以上,半其为潜于海水中的空心腔体结构,气室5套于桩腿8上,气室5随波浪运动进行上下往复运动。波浪运动驱动腔体内的水柱上下振荡,迫使气室5内的气体在气孔6处产生往复气流,推动安装在该处的空气涡轮机7发生旋转,进而带动发电机工作发电。
所述桩腿8为圆柱桩腿。
抛物型聚能墙/防波堤模块1能将反射波聚焦于特定区域,即抛物线焦点附近区域,形成波能富集区,聚能效果明显。波能富集区形成的位置与具体的防波堤形式以及海上波况有关。抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块1的焦点处具有最高的波能密度,定义为一级波能富集区2。从抛物型聚能墙/防波堤模块1的焦点向抛物线凹口处,波浪幅值逐渐降低,形成不同的波能富集区。
振荡水柱式波浪能装置OWC,具有较好的浪向适应性,可以俘获由抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块1反射的任意方向的波浪能量。将单独的振荡水柱式波浪能装置OWC装置布置在抛物线防波堤的焦点处,可以提取最高能量密度区域的波浪能,但无法充分利用抛物面墙区域内的波能。
为充分利用该区域内的波浪能,在以上波能富集区内均布置振荡水柱式波浪能装置,形成波能装置阵列,实现波能的最大化利用。同时,波能装置阵列可通过共享抛物型聚能墙/防波堤和电网系统等基础设施的建造和运维成本,从而降低波能发电的度电成本,推动波浪能发电的商业化进程。
本发明的有益效果:
1、提出并设计一种抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块,将反射波聚焦于特定区域形成波能富集区。该抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块可以应用于波能流密度较低的海域,实现可俘获波能的成倍放大,从而提高波能装置的整体波能转换效率。
2、在抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块不同的波能富集区内均布置了振荡水柱式波浪能装置OWC,形成阵列,从而实现波能的最大化利用并通过共享基础设施,降低度电成本。该装置还可应用于振荡浮子等其它形式的波能装置。
附图说明
图1为本发明聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统示意图。
图2为抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块反射区内的波能富集区分布图。
图3为振荡水柱式波浪能装置OWC的示意图。
图4为振荡水柱式波浪能装置布置示意图。
图中:1-抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块、2-一级波能富集区、3-二级波能富集区、4-三级波能富集区、5-气室、6-气孔、7-空气涡轮机、8-圆柱桩腿。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案,进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1所示,聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统,包括抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块1和波能装置模块;所述抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤可以是岸基固定式结构,也可以采用浮式结构,并采用系泊系统作为锚固结构。
如图2所示,抛物线型防聚能墙/防波堤模块1向抛物线的焦点处反射汇聚波浪能,从而大幅提高该区域内的波能密度,形成一级波能富集区2。从抛物线型防聚能墙/防波堤模块1的焦点向抛物线凹口处,波浪幅值逐渐降低。抛物线凹口内,为三级波能富集区4,而二级波能富集区3则位于一级波能富集区2和三级波能富集区4之间。具体为:距离焦点一倍入射波波长处为二级波能富集区3;距离焦点二倍入射波波长处为三级波能富集区4。
如图3所示,对于所述的振荡水柱式波浪能装置OWC,采用桩基式结构,通过圆柱桩腿8与海底桩基相连使其固定。振荡水柱式波浪能装置的气室5外部结构为圆柱体,可以俘获任意方向的波浪能。气室5是空心腔体结构,当振荡水柱式波浪能装OWC装置工作时,波浪运动会驱动腔体内的水柱上下振荡,使气室5内的气体产生膨胀和压缩,从而在气孔6处产生往复的气流,推动安装在气孔6处的空气涡轮机7发生旋转,带动发电机发电。空气涡轮机7置于水线面之上且以气室5中的空气作为能量转换的中间载体,避免了经常发生在其他海洋结构物上的海水腐蚀、海洋生物附着等问题,进一步提高了装置发电机组的可靠性和稳定性,从而减少装置的维护成本。
图4展示了一种振荡水柱式波浪能装置OWC阵列布置方式,一级波能富集区2布置一个波能装置模块,可提取最大的波浪能;二级波能富集区3布置两个平行的波能装置模块,从焦点处沿着墙面向外分散布置;三级波能富集区4布置两个平行的波能装置模块,振荡水柱式波浪能装置OWC装置之间沿入射波方向无遮挡,相互之间的水动力干扰较小。
除上述实施方式外,本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案,均落在本发明要求的保护范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统,其特征在于,该聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统包括抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块(1)及波能装置模块;
抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块(1)的焦点处为一级波能富集区(2);从抛物线型聚能墙/防波堤模块(1)的焦点至抛物线凹口间,波浪幅值逐渐降低,距离焦点一倍入射波波长处为二级波能富集区(3);距离焦点二倍入射波波长处为三级波能富集区(4);在不同波能富集区分别布置波能装置模块,形成阵列;一级波能富集区(2)布置一个波能装置模块,二级波能富集区(3)布置两个平行的波能装置模块,三级波能富集区(4)布置两个平行的波能装置模块;各波能装置模块间沿入射波方向无遮挡;
波能装置模块为振荡水柱式波浪能装置OWC;振荡水柱式波能装置OWC主要由气室(5)、气孔(6)及空气涡轮机(7)组成;气室(5)为空心圆柱体,其底端开口,顶端设有气孔(6),空气涡轮机(7)置于气孔(6)内用于发电;气室(5)一部分位于水线面以上,其套于桩腿(8)上,气室(5)随波浪运动进行上下往复运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚能式的阵列振荡水柱式波能俘获系统,其特征在于,所述桩腿(8)为圆柱桩腿。
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CN116816579A (zh) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-09-29 | 华南理工大学 | 基于聚能板的多重聚波振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置阵列 |
CN116816579B (zh) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-11-07 | 华南理工大学 | 基于聚能板的多重聚波振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置阵列 |
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