CN116408406A - Forging process of step shaft head blank - Google Patents
Forging process of step shaft head blank Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116408406A CN116408406A CN202111669953.3A CN202111669953A CN116408406A CN 116408406 A CN116408406 A CN 116408406A CN 202111669953 A CN202111669953 A CN 202111669953A CN 116408406 A CN116408406 A CN 116408406A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- blank
- forging
- head
- upper punch
- extrusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K7/00—Making railway appurtenances; Making vehicle parts
- B21K7/12—Making railway appurtenances; Making vehicle parts parts for locomotives or vehicles, e.g. frames, underframes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a forging process of a step shaft head blank, which sequentially comprises blanking, shot blasting, coating, medium-frequency heating, warm forging forming, temperature control cooling and small end face turning length taking, wherein the warm forging forming step comprises the steps of putting the coated and heated blank into a forming die cavity of a forming die, and extruding the blank to obtain a forging with a head counter bore and two step excircles. The invention has the advantages of simplifying forging steps, shortening production period, reducing cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forging, in particular to a forging process of a step shaft head blank.
Background
The shaft head is used as an important part in an automobile transmission system, and the demand is large. Fig. 1 is a forging blank of a step shaft head, and the conventional processing method is cold extrusion multiple forming: after spheroidizing annealing, shot blasting and phosphorization of the bar stock, extruding a step circle; shot blasting, phosphorus saponification and then extruding a second step circle; and performing reverse extrusion on the inner hole of the head after shot blasting and phosphorus saponification. And performing cold extrusion for multiple times, wherein shot blasting and phosphorus saponification pretreatment are required between every two forging processes so as to form a protective film on the surface of the blank and prolong the service life of the die. When the third extrusion head counter bore is carried out, the blank rod part is required to be arranged on the material returning slide block, the rod part is in a material sealing state, and the upper punch is required to be in an open state at the moment so as to release redundant material weight; when the step of the rod part is extruded in the front channel, the length of the rod part is required to be in a release state, after the forging, the head part and the rod part of the shaft head blank are required to be turned for length, raw materials are wasted, the machining cost is high, and the production efficiency is low.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new technical solution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a forging process of a step shaft head blank, which comprises the following specific technical scheme:
the invention provides a forging process of a step shaft head blank, which comprises the following steps of:
blanking to obtain a bar-shaped blank;
shot blasting, namely removing oxide skin and rust on the surface of the blank, so that subsequent coating is facilitated;
the coating uniformly covers the surface of the blank, protects the blank, plays roles in resisting oxidization and decarbonization, plays a role in lubrication and protects a subsequent warm forging die;
intermediate frequency heating, improving metal plasticity of the blank, reducing deformation resistance and obtaining good forged structure;
performing warm forging forming, namely placing the coated and heated blank into a forming die cavity of a forming die, and extruding the blank to obtain a forging piece with a head counter bore and two step excircles;
the temperature is controlled and cooled, so that a good metallographic structure and hardness are obtained, and the follow-up finish machining, spline rubbing and the like of a customer are facilitated;
and (3) taking the length, namely turning the rod part of the small end surface of the forging piece, and ensuring that the rod part of the forging piece is consistent in length.
Further, the medium-frequency heating is to heat the medium-frequency heating furnace to
Pushing the blank into a furnace body, wherein the time from the blank entering the heating furnace to the blank discharging is 5.0+/-1.0 min.
Further, the head counter bore and the two step excircles are formed by one-step extrusion.
Further, the temperature control cooling is that the temperature of the forged blank is not lower than 650 ℃, the temperature control furnace is closed, and the forged piece is naturally cooled from the mesh belt by utilizing the residual temperature after forging, so that the good metallographic structure and hardness can be obtained.
Further, the upper punch downwards enters the die cavity of the lower die to extrude the blank, and the upper punch plays a guiding role to ensure the coaxiality of the inner hole of the head part of the forging and the excircle of the step.
Further, when the upper punch descends, the upper punch contacts with the blank, and as the force required by counter extrusion of the head counter bore is smaller than the force required by twice step round extrusion of the rod part, the blank firstly realizes the counter extrusion of the head counter bore in the lower die cavity, the bottom of the upper punch is designed into a material sealing structure, and after the material is filled, the upper punch continues to descend, so that extrusion forming of the rod part is realized.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the forging process of the step shaft head blank improves the conventional cold extrusion forging process of the step shaft head, simplifies the forging steps, shortens the production period and reduces the cost.
2. The forging process of the step shaft head blank ensures coaxiality of the head counter bore and the outer circle of the step.
3. According to the forging process of the step shaft head blank, provided by the invention, the depth dimension consistency of the head counter bore is good, the head length taking process can be canceled in the subsequent machining process, and only the length of the rod part is required to be taken, so that the material utilization rate is improved, the cost is reduced, and the machining efficiency is improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a prior art step head forging blank.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The invention provides a forging process of a step shaft head blank, which comprises the following steps:
blanking to obtain a bar-shaped blank;
shot blasting, namely removing oxide skin and rust on the surface of the blank, so that subsequent coating is facilitated;
the coating uniformly covers the surface of the blank, protects the blank, plays roles in resisting oxidization and decarbonization, plays a role in lubrication and protects a subsequent warm forging die;
intermediate frequency heating, improving metal plasticity of the blank, reducing deformation resistance and obtaining good forged structure;
performing warm forging forming, namely placing the coated and heated blank into a forming die cavity of a forming die, and extruding the blank to obtain a forging piece with a head counter bore and two step excircles;
the temperature is controlled and cooled, so that a good metallographic structure and hardness are obtained, and the follow-up finish machining, spline rubbing and the like of a customer are facilitated;
and (3) taking the length, namely turning the rod part of the small end surface of the forging piece, and ensuring that the rod part of the forging piece is consistent in length.
The medium frequency heating is to heat the medium frequency heating furnace to
Pushing the blank into a furnace body, wherein the time from the blank entering the heating furnace to the blank discharging is 5.0+/-1.0 min. The head counter bore and the two step excircles are formed by one-step extrusion.
The temperature control cooling is that the temperature of the forged blank is not lower than 650 ℃, the temperature control furnace is closed, and the forged piece is naturally cooled from the mesh belt by utilizing the residual temperature after forging, so that a good metallographic structure and hardness can be obtained.
In one embodiment, the upper punch downwards enters the die cavity of the lower die to extrude the blank, and the upper punch plays a role in guiding so as to ensure the coaxiality of the inner hole of the head part of the forging and the excircle of the step.
In one embodiment, when the upper punch descends, the upper punch contacts the blank, and as the force required by counter extrusion of the head counter bore is smaller than the force required by twice step round extrusion of the rod part, the blank firstly realizes the counter extrusion of the head counter bore in the lower die cavity, the bottom of the upper punch is designed into a sealing structure, and after the material is filled, the upper punch continues to descend, so that extrusion forming of the rod part is realized.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Further, one skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications and alternatives to the above embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The forging process of the step shaft head blank is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
blanking to obtain a bar-shaped blank;
shot blasting, namely removing oxide skin and rust on the surface of the blank, so that subsequent coating is facilitated;
the coating uniformly covers the surface of the blank, protects the blank, plays roles in resisting oxidization and decarbonization, plays a role in lubrication and protects a subsequent warm forging die;
intermediate frequency heating, improving metal plasticity of the blank, reducing deformation resistance and obtaining good forged structure;
performing warm forging forming, namely placing the coated and heated blank into a forming die cavity of a forming die, and extruding the blank to obtain a forging piece with a head counter bore and two step excircles;
the temperature is controlled and cooled, so that a good metallographic structure and hardness are obtained, and the subsequent finish machining of customers is facilitated;
and (3) taking the length, namely turning the rod part of the small end surface of the forging piece, and ensuring that the rod part of the forging piece is consistent in length.
2. The forging process of a step head blank according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate frequency heating is heating an intermediate frequency heating furnace to
Pushing the blank into a furnace body, wherein the time from the blank entering the heating furnace to the blank discharging is 5.0+/-1.0 min.
3. The forging process of the stepped spindle nose blank according to claim 1, wherein the head counter bore and the two outer stepped circles are formed by one extrusion.
4. The forging process of the step shaft head blank according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-controlled cooling is that the temperature of the blank after forging is not lower than 650 ℃, the temperature-controlled furnace is closed, and the forging is naturally cooled from a mesh belt by utilizing the residual temperature after forging, so that good metallographic structure and hardness can be obtained.
5. A forging process for a step head blank according to claim 3, wherein the upper punch enters the lower die cavity when going downwards, extrudes the blank, and the upper punch plays a guiding role to ensure the coaxiality of the inner hole of the head of the forging and the outer circle of the step.
6. The forging process of the stepped spindle nose blank according to claim 5, wherein when the upper punch is in descending, the upper punch is in contact with the blank, and as the force required by counter extrusion of the head counter bore is smaller than the force required by twice step round extrusion of the rod part, the blank firstly realizes counter extrusion of the head counter bore in a lower die cavity, the bottom of the upper punch is designed into a sealing structure, and after the upper punch is filled with materials, the upper punch is in continuous descending, so that extrusion forming of the rod part is realized.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111669953.3A CN116408406A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Forging process of step shaft head blank |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111669953.3A CN116408406A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Forging process of step shaft head blank |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116408406A true CN116408406A (en) | 2023-07-11 |
Family
ID=87056865
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111669953.3A Pending CN116408406A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Forging process of step shaft head blank |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116408406A (en) |
-
2021
- 2021-12-31 CN CN202111669953.3A patent/CN116408406A/en active Pending
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