CN116406230A - 高级脂肪醇在十字花科植物的脂肪酸代谢途径中的应用 - Google Patents
高级脂肪醇在十字花科植物的脂肪酸代谢途径中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供的含有高级脂肪醇的乳化剂可以通过外部施用来影响十字花科植物中苯丙烷相关生物合成途径、脂肪酸代谢途径及油菜素内酯和独脚金内脂生物合成途径的相关基因转录水平，从而提高十字花科植物的抗病能力、提质增产，实现十字花科植物生产的品质，实现十字花科植物生产的优质、高产。
Description
本发明涉及高级脂肪醇在十字花科植物的脂肪酸代谢途径中的应用。
十字花科植物包含了我国众多的蔬菜、油料等重要经济作物，其中如大白菜、卷心菜、萝卜等涉及到我国的菜篮子安全，而油菜则是重要的油料作物，涉及到国家的食用油安全。十字花科蔬菜和油料作物在生产中极易受到病虫害和逆境的影响，使得该类经济作物在生产上通过栽培措施追求高品质和高产量极难实现。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种高级脂肪醇在十字花科植物的脂肪酸代谢途径中的应用。
为解决上述问题，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
本发明提供一种高级脂肪醇在制备提高十字花科植物的脂肪酸代谢途径相关基因转录水平的制剂的应用。进一步地，高级脂肪醇通过提高十字花科植物的脂肪酸代谢途径相关基因转录水平，来实现增加作物对真菌病害和虫害的抗性方面的应用。
在另一个方面，本发明提供一种高级脂肪醇在制备提高十字花科植物的油菜素内酯生物合成途径相关基因转录水平的制剂的应用。进一步地，高级脂肪醇通过提高十字花科植物的油菜素内酯生物合成途径相关基因转录水平，来实现调节植物生长发育功能的应用。
在另一个方面，本发明提供一种高级脂肪醇在制备提高十字花科植物的独脚金内酯生物合成途径相关基因转录水平的制剂的应用。进一步地，高级脂肪 醇通过提高十字花科植物的独脚金内酯生物合成途径相关基因转录水平，来实现改善植物营养方面的应用。
在本实施例中，高级脂肪醇为十二醇、十六醇其中一种或者二者的混合。
进一步地，所述制剂为水乳剂，其包括高级脂肪醇、乳化剂、增稠剂、水。
本发明含有高级脂肪醇的制剂不限于水乳剂，只要是采用本发明的发明构思的所有剂型，均适用，比如可湿性粉剂、乳剂、可喷的溶液、浓乳剂、气雾剂、种衣剂。
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明利用先进的转录组、代谢组测序和分析技术，筛选并确定了含有高级脂肪醇的乳化剂可以通过外部施用来影响十字花科植物中苯丙烷相关生物合成途径、脂肪酸代谢途径及油菜素内酯和独脚金内脂生物合成途径的相关基因转录水平，从而提高十字花科植物的抗病能力、提质增产，实现十字花科植物生产的品质，实现十字花科植物生产的优质、高产。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂，按重量百分比由以下组分组成：十二醇24％、十六醇3％、乳化剂3％、增稠剂5％、水余量。
在本实施例中，所述乳化剂是脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯，所述增稠剂是甲基纤维素。
本实施例还提供上述水乳剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将十二醇、十六醇放入容器中加热至60度熔化，再于容器中加入乳化剂，通过高剪切均质机处理，转速5000转/分，转动10分钟，再于容器中加入60度的水，通过高剪切均质机处理，转速10000转/分，转动10分钟，降温至40度，然后再于容器中加入增稠剂，通过高剪切均质机处理，以10000转/分转动30分 钟后，即得。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂，按重量百分比由以下组分组成：十二醇35％、十六醇5％、乳化剂5％、增稠剂5％、水余量。
在本实施例中，所述乳化剂是脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯，所述增稠剂是甲基纤维素。
本实施例还提供上述水乳剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将十二醇、十六醇放入容器中加热至60度熔化，再于容器中加入乳化剂，通过高剪切均质机处理，转速5000转/分，转动10分钟，再于容器中加入60度的水，通过高剪切均质机处理，转速10000转/分，转动10分钟，降温至40度，然后再于容器中加入增稠剂，通过高剪切均质机处理，以10000转/分转动30分钟后，即得。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂，按重量百分比由以下组分组成：十二醇30％、乳化剂3％、增稠剂5％、水余量。
在本实施例中，所述乳化剂是脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯，所述增稠剂是甲基纤维素。
本实施例还提供上述水乳剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将十二醇放入容器中加热至60度熔化，再于容器中加入乳化剂，通过高剪切均质机处理，转速5000转/分，转动10分钟，再于容器中加入60度的水，通过高剪切均质机处理，转速10000转/分，转动10分钟，降温至40度，然后再于容器中加入增稠剂，通过高剪切均质机处理，以10000转/分转动30分钟后，即得。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂，按重量百分比由以下组分组成：十六醇10％、乳化剂3％、增稠剂5％、水余量。
在本实施例中，所述乳化剂是脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯，所述增稠剂是甲基纤维素。
本实施例还提供上述水乳剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将十六醇放入容器中加热至60度熔化，再于容器中加入乳化剂，通过高剪切均质机处理，转速5000转/分，转动10分钟，再于容器中加入60度的水，通过高剪切均质机处理，转速10000转/分，转动10分钟，降温至40度，然后再于容器中加入增稠剂，通过高剪切均质机处理，以10000转/分转动30分钟后，即得。
实施例5：含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂对拟南芥代谢途径相关基因转录水平的影响
苯丙烷代谢途径是最重要的植物次生代谢途径之一，对植物生长发育及植物环境互作具有重要作用。该途径包括多个分支途径，参与如木质素、类黄酮等物质合成。木质素主要积累于次生细胞壁中，参与提供机械支持、水养运输、抵抗病虫害、抵御非生理胁迫的过程。类黄酮中异黄酮等代谢物参与帮助植物细胞减少紫外线损伤、清除活性氧、抵抗病害发生、耐受不适温度和高盐干旱条件等生理过程。脂肪酸代谢参与了植物抗病物质的合成，其途径相关基因转录水平的上调能够显著增加作物对真菌病害和虫害的抗性。油菜素内酯具有调节植物生长发育的功能，如促进细胞分裂、下胚轴伸长，延缓叶片衰老等；独脚金内酯对于植物适应环境、控制植物生长过程具有重要作用，其可以促进植物和土壤微生物的共生作用，贫瘠土地由于营养元素缺乏,刺激植物合成活性更强的独脚金内酯并加速释放到土壤当中,增加植物对N、P养分的吸收，进而促 进与真菌的共生、改善营养状况。
用本发明所述含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂(不同高级脂肪醇配比)的水乳剂处理植物样品，进行转录组测序，分析本发明所述含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂对拟南芥上述代谢途径相关基因转录水平的影响。
(1)脂肪醇样品：以表1所列本发明所述含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂制作成的水乳剂
表1：样品编号
(2)供试植物：拟南芥(Col-0)
各植株培养条件：70/0μmol m
-2s
-1(光照/黑暗周期光照强度)，14小时/10小时(光照/黑暗周期的时间)，23℃/21℃，70％相对湿度，四周龄。
(3)样品处理和数据收集：
选取健康且组内生长状态相近的植株，用上述样品的稀释液(900倍兑水稀释)对叶片进行喷施，直至叶面完全覆盖液膜。对照组喷施等量的用于稀释原液的无菌水。于48小时后进行第二次喷施处理。每组设置3个生物学重复。
于第一次处理后72小时，收取各组4克叶片样品。液氮速冻3分钟后于干冰中送武汉迈特维尔生物科技有限公司实验室进行转录组测序(下述所有代谢组及转录组测序数据均由武汉迈特维尔生物科技有限公司提供)。
(4)含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂对拟南芥代谢途径相关基因转录水平的影响：
如表2，使用S样品以及清水处理花生叶片72小时后，其中苯丙烷相关生物合成途径、脂肪酸代谢途径及油菜素内酯和独脚金内脂生物合成途径的相关基因转录水平，相比于对照组显著上调。
表2：拟南芥植株叶片中各途径相关基因在不同处理组中的比值(上调倍数)
实施例6：含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂在小白菜上的使用效果
取样：样品S为实施例1制备的含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂
作物：小白菜
地点：广东省珠海市现代农业发展研究中心
方法：在生产基地选取5亩试验组、5亩对照组按表3进行试验生产
表3：本发明的高级脂肪醇及混合物小白菜试验方案
使用效果对比
使用本发明的含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂处理的试验组小白菜，整个生长过程未发现明显病害，外观表现在长势、长相方面有明显的优势，株型较高、叶色较深有光泽；对照组整个生长过程发现有白粉病、炭疽病等病害，外观表现在长势、长相方面这几个方面明显较弱。
采收后检测结果如下：
表4：本发明的含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂在小白菜试验结果
| 序号 | 项目 | 试验组 | 对照组 |
| 1 | 平均株高(cm) | 27.6 | 24.7 |
| 2 | 叶色 | 深绿 | 浅绿 |
| 3 | 茎基粗(mm) | 12.0 | 10.5 |
| 4 | 分蘖数(个/株) | 7 | 6 |
| 5 | 单株重(g) | 44.2 | 40.6 |
| 6 | 折合亩产(kg) | 1544.1 | 1414.0 |
使用本发明的含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂处理的试验组小白菜，病虫害少，分蘖多，株高、茎基粗、单株重都明显优于对照组，小白菜增产率达到9.2％。
实施例7：含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂在白萝卜上的使用效果
取样：样品S为实施例1制备的含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂
作物：白萝卜
地点：广东省韶关市始兴县马市镇
方法：
在生产基地选取5亩试验组、5亩对照组，试验组如下生产：用样品S兑水900倍稀释后喷雾，幼苗期、肉质根形成期、膨大期各喷1次，间隔期15天喷， 每次样品用量：20mL/亩，同时对照组用相同水量的清水喷雾。
使用效果对比
与对照组相比，使用本发明的含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂处理的试验组白萝卜，生长速度更快，生长期大幅度缩短：提前5天选(间)苗，提前15天采收上市；外观表现上，叶径粗壮、叶色翠绿有光泽；试验组整个生长过程未发现明显病害，而对照组发现有霜霉病、黑斑病等病害。
实验组的萝卜果实外形粗壮嫩白、平均直径大、长度长，外观更好看，产量比对照组增产32.5％；实验组的萝卜吃起来脆甜，口感好，对照组的吃起来偏硬。
实施例8：含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂在菜心上的使用效果
取样：样品S为实施例1制备的水乳剂
作物：菜心
地点：广东省韶关市始兴县马市镇
方法：在生产基地选取2.5亩试验组、2.5亩对照组按表5进行试验生产
表5：本发明含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂菜心试验方案
使用效果对比
与对照组相比，使用本发明的含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂处理的试验组菜心，外观表现上株型较高、叶片大、叶色翠绿有光泽；试验组整个生长过程未发现明显病害，对照组整个生长过程发现有黑斑病、霜霉病等病害。
采收后检测结果如下：
表6：本发明的含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂菜心试验结果
| 序号 | 项目 | 试验组 | 对照组 |
| 1 | 平均株高(cm) | 13.6 | 12.9 |
| 2 | 平均叶宽(cm) | 2.85 | 2.63 |
| 3 | 平均叶长(cm) | 11.7 | 10.7 |
| 4 | 叶片数(个/株) | 10.2 | 9.5 |
| 5 | 茎基粗(cm) | 0.39 | 0.33 |
| 6 | 折合亩产(kg) | 1593.3 | 1419.4 |
使用本发明的含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂处理的试验组菜心，病害少，株高、茎基粗、叶片长宽都明显优于对照组，菜心增产率达到12.2％。
由实施例5可见，采用本发明所述含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂兑水稀释对十字花科植物模式植物(拟南芥)处理，可影响十字花科植物植物中苯丙烷相关生物合成途径、脂肪酸代谢途径及油菜素内酯和独脚金内脂生物合成途径的相关基因转录水平，从而有效促进十字花科植物植物物理及化学抗病性、改善品质、提高产量；实施例6、实施例7、实施例8大田使用效果显示，使用本发明的含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂可以使小白菜、白萝卜、菜心生产周期缩短、病害少、品质提高、产量增加。
综合实施例5到实施例8，在十字花科植物植物上应用本发明所述含有高级脂肪醇的水乳剂，在植物生理代谢上可以明显影响十字花科植物植物中苯丙烷相关生物合成途径、脂肪酸代谢途径，促进作物的抗病性，同时，提高油菜素内酯和独脚金内脂生物合成途径的相关基因转录水平，促进细胞分裂，延缓叶片衰老，提高作物营养吸收，最终在实际农业生产上实现促进十字花科植物植物抗病性、改善品质、提高产量的作用。
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式，不能以此来限定本发明保护的范围，本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。
Claims (8)
- 高级脂肪醇在制备提高十字花科植物的脂肪酸代谢途径相关基因转录水平的制剂的应用。
- 高级脂肪醇在制备提高十字花科植物的油菜素内酯生物合成途径相关基因转录水平的制剂的应用。
- 高级脂肪醇在制备提高十字花科植物的独脚金内酯生物合成途径相关基因转录水平的制剂的应用。
- 如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，高级脂肪醇通过提高十字花科植物的脂肪酸代谢途径相关基因转录水平，来实现增加作物对真菌病害和虫害的抗性方面的应用。
- 如权利要求2所述的应用，其特征在于，高级脂肪醇通过提高十字花科植物的油菜素内酯生物合成途径相关基因转录水平，来实现调节植物生长发育功能的应用。
- 如权利要求3所述的应用，其特征在于，高级脂肪醇通过提高十字花科植物的独脚金内酯生物合成途径相关基因转录水平，来实现改善植物营养方面的应用。
- 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的应用，其特征在于，高级脂肪醇为十二醇、十六醇其中一种或者二者的混合。
- 如权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，所述制剂为水乳剂，其包括高级脂肪醇、乳化剂、增稠剂、水。
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