CN116404430A - Low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna - Google Patents
Low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna which is characterized by comprising a top layer super-surface structure, an upper layer dielectric substrate, an antenna feed structure, a lower layer dielectric substrate, a metal floor with a gap and a metal reflecting plate which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, wherein the top layer super-surface structure is formed by the periodic continuation of a plurality of super-surface units which are completely the same, and the super-surface units are also connected with a first PIN diode and a first patch capacitor; the antenna feed structure comprises a direct current bias structure and a microstrip feed line structure; the metal floor with the gap comprises a gap structure positioned in the middle of the metal bottom plate, a second PIN diode is arranged in the gap structure, and a second patch capacitor is arranged at the edge of the gap structure; the metallized via is used to connect the top metal patch, the antenna feed structure, and the metal floor with slots. By loading the super-surface structure as the radiator of the antenna, the section height can be reduced, and the circularly polarized radiation effect of the antenna is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna.
Background
The frequency reconfigurable antenna is characterized in that the resonant frequency can be switched in one or more frequency bands, including single frequency to single frequency, single frequency to multiple frequencies, and multiple frequencies to multiple frequencies. Since the resonant frequency is mainly related to the size and aperture of the structure, the resonant frequency of the antenna can be changed by adjusting the effective electrical length or the resonant length of the radiating slot. In practical applications, the most common is electrical modulation, which is to use a PIN diode or a variable capacitor to change the antenna structure, so as to change the radiation slot or the effective electrical length, thereby reconfiguring the operating frequency. The difficulty is how to change the resonant frequency while maintaining the stability of other radiation characteristics such as pattern and polarization.
The profile height is used as an important index for measuring the antenna, and aiming at the problems of high profile height, narrow bandwidth in a reconfigurable state and the like of the traditional reconfigurable antenna, different frequency reconfigurable antenna forms are researched, and the antenna with low profile height and good reconfigurable effect is selected as a basic antenna to be designed. Meanwhile, because the antenna is a device with high dependence on shape and size, the design of an external direct current control system is ensured not to influence the radiation characteristic of the antenna, and meanwhile, the diode loaded on the antenna is accurately driven.
Techniques for implementing antenna single reconfigurability can be divided into two major categories, namely mechanical and electrical. The mechanical reconstruction speed is low, the space is limited, the control is complex, and the precision is easily affected by mechanical errors; the electric control mode has the outstanding advantages of high response speed, high integration level, flexible design and the like, but the structure is relatively complex.
With the development of reconfigurable technology, frequency reconfigurable antennas have been rapidly developed in recent decades, but existing frequency reconfigurable antennas have generally narrow operating bandwidths, high profile heights, or no circular polarization performance due to, for example, the antenna itself structure. For example, lei Ge et al, in its published paper "Frequency-Reconfigurable Low-Profile Circular Monopolar Patch Antenna" (IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation), propose a novel Frequency reconfigurable antenna based on a circular monopole patch antenna, the antenna comprising a center fed circular patch surrounded by four sector patches. Eight varactors are introduced, and the frequency reconfigurable effect from 1.64GHz to 2.12GHz is realized by changing the reverse bias voltage of the varactors, but the maximum working bandwidth is not more than 40% even if the number of surrounding fan-shaped patches and varactors is increased, and different frequency points are ensured to have the same pattern, and circular polarization radiation is difficult to realize by adopting a center feed method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna, which comprises a slot antenna with a loaded super-surface structure and a singlechip control system connected with the slot antenna and is used for the problem of circularly polarized frequency reconfiguration. The antenna can realize the circular polarization frequency reconfigurable characteristics of three states within the bandwidth range of 4GHz-9 GHz. The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna, which comprises a top layer super surface structure, an upper medium substrate, an antenna feed structure, a lower medium substrate, a metal floor with a gap and a metal reflecting plate which are distributed from top to bottom in sequence,
the top layer super surface structure is arranged on the upper surface of the upper medium substrate and is formed by the periodic extension of a plurality of super surface units which are identical, and the super surface units are also connected with a first PIN diode and a first patch capacitor;
the antenna feed structure is printed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate and comprises a direct current bias structure and a microstrip feed line structure, wherein the direct current bias structure comprises a first substructure and a second substructure which are positioned on two sides of the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate, the first substructure and the second substructure respectively comprise a plurality of metal wires, and each metal wire is connected with the first PIN diode through a metallized via hole; the microstrip feed line structure is located between the first substructure and the second substructure;
the metal floor with the gap is arranged on the lower surface of the lower medium substrate, comprises a gap structure positioned in the middle of the metal bottom plate, a second PIN diode is arranged in the gap structure, and a second patch capacitor is arranged at the edge of the gap structure;
the metal reflecting plate is arranged below the metal floor and is arranged at intervals with the metal floor;
the inner surface of the metallized via hole is coated with a metal layer, and the metallized via hole penetrates through the metal layer from top to bottom and is used for connecting the top-layer metal patch, the antenna feed structure and the metal floor with the gap.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the top-layer super-surface structure includes n×n super-surface units, each of which is elongated and is inclined by 45 ° along the same direction, so that the super-surface units located in different rows and corresponding positions are on the same straight line, where n is greater than or equal to 4.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the adjacent super surface units located in the same oblique direction are connected through the first PIN diode; the side face of each super surface unit connected through the first PIN diode is provided with a first patch capacitor, and the super surface units are connected with the metal floor with the gaps through the first patch capacitors and used for conducting alternating current and direct current isolation on signals.
In one embodiment of the invention, the microstrip feeder structure is vertically arranged between the left side substructure and the right side substructure of the dc offset structure, and a circular metal patch is arranged at a position of the microstrip feeder structure near the lower end.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the left side substructure and the right side substructure respectively include metal wires and a row socket structure correspondingly connected to each metal wire, and the row socket structure of the left side substructure and the row socket structure of the right side substructure are symmetrically distributed and are both used for connecting an external dc control system.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the microstrip feed line structure and the dc offset structure are connected to an external dc control system through the metallized vias, respectively.
In one embodiment of the invention, the gap structure comprises two square grooves and a rectangular groove communicated with the two square grooves, and a second PIN diode which is placed in the same direction is respectively arranged at the inner sides of the two square grooves; and a second patch capacitor which is placed in the same direction is respectively arranged at the outer sides of the two square grooves.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the metal reflecting plate is provided with two rectangular grooves and a circular groove, wherein the two rectangular grooves are arranged in parallel along the long axis direction, and the circular groove is located between the two rectangular grooves.
In one embodiment of the invention, the gap between the metal floor with the gap and the metal reflecting plate is 2.4mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate are both made of a nonmetallic material with a dielectric constant of 4.5; the top layer super surface structure, the metal floor with the gap and the metal reflecting plate are all made of copper.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna loaded with a super-surface structure, which can reduce the section height and realize the circularly polarized radiation effect of the antenna by loading the super-surface structure as a radiator of the antenna; the PIN diode is used as an electric control element, so that the PIN diode has the advantages of high response speed, stable performance and no influence on the switching state of the PIN diode due to voltage floating; the external direct current control system is used, so that the complexity of the control system is reduced, and the state of the antenna can be controlled in real time.
2. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna can switch the voltage loaded on the switch diode in real time by controlling an external circuit, so that the working state of the antenna can be switched in real time; the function can be switched at any time according to the actual scene, thereby having great application value.
3. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna has the characteristics of wide frequency band coverage range, flexible control, multiple functions, strong practicability and the like. The super surface can realize three kinds of circular polarization frequency reconfigurable functions in the frequency range of 4GHz-9 GHz. The frequency reconfigurable antenna meets the requirements of communication in different frequency bands, the working state of the antenna can be controlled in real time through an external circuit, the coupling problem caused by placing the antennas in different frequency bands is avoided, and the frequency reconfigurable antenna has wide application scenes in the field of wireless communication.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a top-layer supersurface structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna feeding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a metal floor with a slit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a metal reflective plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an operating principle of a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows parameters of a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention operating in a low frequency region;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing parameters of a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention operating in an intermediate frequency region;
fig. 9 shows parameters of a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention operating in a high frequency region.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a top layer supersurface structure; 11-a super surface unit; 12-a first PIN diode; 13-a first patch capacitance; 2-an upper dielectric substrate; 3-antenna feed structure; 31-a DC bias structure; 311-metal wire; 312-row plug structure; a 32-microstrip feed line structure; 33-a circular metal patch; 4-a lower dielectric substrate; 5-a metal floor with a gap; 51-slit structure; 52-a second PIN diode; 53-a second patch capacitance; 6-a metal reflecting plate; 61-rectangular grooves; 62-circular grooves; 7-metallizing the via.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the preset purpose, a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The foregoing and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose can be more deeply and specifically understood through the description of the specific embodiments, however, the attached drawings are provided for reference and description only, and are not intended to limit the technical scheme of the present invention.
It should be noted that in this document relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in an article or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiment provides a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna capable of realizing loading of a super-surface structure working in different frequency bands, wherein the super-surface structure loaded on the upper layer of the antenna is formed by periodically extending identical super-surface units in an xy two-dimensional plane. Each group of super-surface units is used for isolating alternating current and direct current signals through a capacitor, then is connected with one I/O port of the singlechip control system through a direct current feeder line, and is used for controlling the state of the super-surface array through computer input.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna of the present embodiment includes a top layer super surface structure 1, an upper dielectric substrate 2, an antenna feeding structure 3, a lower dielectric substrate 4, a metal floor 5 with a slot, and a metal reflecting plate 6 sequentially distributed from top to bottom, wherein the top layer super surface structure 1 is disposed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 2 and is formed by periodically extending a plurality of super surface units 11 which are identical, and the super surface units 11 are further connected with a first PIN diode 12 and a first patch capacitor 13; the antenna feed structure 3 is printed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 2 and comprises a direct current bias structure 31 and a microstrip feed line structure 32, wherein the direct current bias structure 31 comprises a first substructure and a second substructure which are positioned on two sides of the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 2, the first substructure and the second substructure respectively comprise a plurality of metal wires, and each metal wire is connected with the first PIN diode 12 through a metallized via 7; the microstrip feed line structure 32 is located between the first substructure and the second substructure; the metal floor 5 with the gap is arranged on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 4 and comprises a gap structure 51 positioned in the middle of the metal bottom plate, a second PIN diode 52 is arranged in the gap structure 51, and a second patch capacitor 53 is arranged at the edge of the gap structure 51; the metal reflecting plate 6 is arranged below the metal floor 5 and is arranged at intervals with the metal floor 5; the inner surface of the metallized via hole 7 is coated with a metal layer, and the metallized via hole 7 penetrates up and down and is used for connecting the top-layer metal patch 1, the antenna feed structure 3 and the metal floor 5 with a gap.
Specifically, the top-layer super-surface structure 1 includes n×n super-surface units 11, where each super-surface unit 11 is elongated and is inclined by 45 ° along the same direction, so that the super-surface units 11 located in different rows and corresponding positions are on the same straight line, where n is greater than or equal to 4. The adjacent super surface units 11 positioned in the same inclined direction are connected through a first PIN diode 12; the side of each super surface unit 11 connected by the first PIN diode 12 is provided with a first patch capacitor 13, and the super surface unit 11 is connected with the metal floor 5 with a gap by the first patch capacitor 13 for ac/dc isolation of signals.
Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the total number of the super surface units 11 is 4×4, and the super surface units 11 are equally divided into 4 groups along the x direction to form a super surface array, the number of the super surface units 11 contained in the super surface array is 16, each super surface unit 11 is inclined by 45 ° along the same direction, the adjacent super surface units 11 on the same line are connected through the first PIN diodes 12, and 9 first PIN diodes 12 are altogether, and the super surface units 11 are connected with the metal floor 5 with slits by using the first patch capacitor 13 with a capacitance value of 10nF for performing ac/dc isolation of signals. The super surface unit 11 has a length L1 and a width W1, and a unit-to-unit spacing D1, preferably l1=5.26 mm, w1=0.54 mm, d1=4.4 mm. The first PIN diode 12 is arranged in a 45 deg. angular direction, and the operating frequency of the antenna is regulated by changing the bias voltage across the diode.
The arrangement of the 4×4 subsurface units 11 is as follows: each row and each column are uniformly arranged to be 4, each super surface unit 11 is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees along the same direction, a square is integrally formed, the number of the diagonals of the square is 4, the number of the diagonals close to the square is 3, the number of the diagonals next closest to the square is 2, and the number of the positions farthest from the diagonal is 1.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the upper layer dielectric substrate 2 is H1, the thickness of the middle layer dielectric substrate 4 is H2, and the side lengths of the two layers of dielectric substrates are P1, where h1=2mm, h2=0.5 mm, p1=30 mm; the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the lower dielectric substrate 4 are made of a nonmetallic material having a dielectric constant of 4.5, preferably Arlon AD450, and have a loss tangent of 0.0035. The upper dielectric substrate 2 and the middle dielectric substrate 4 are spaced apart by an insulating resin spacer.
Further, an antenna feed structure 3 and a metal floor 5 with a gap are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower layer dielectric substrate, wherein the antenna feed structure comprises a coaxial back feed structure of an antenna and an external direct current control system of all PIN diodes of the antenna, and the lower layer metal floor with the gap is provided with the PIN diodes and a capacitor; the metallized via hole 7 passes through the upper dielectric substrate, and is connected with an external direct current control system at the back of the upper dielectric substrate; the control of each PIN diode on the antenna is connected with an external direct current control system through a direct current feeder line, and the frequency reconfigurable function of the antenna is realized by switching the bias voltage on the PIN diode.
Referring to fig. 3, the antenna feed structure 3 of the present embodiment includes a dc bias structure 31 and a microstrip feed structure 32, and the antenna feed structure 3 is integrally printed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 2. The dc bias structure 31 is connected to the upper layer first PIN diode 12 through the metallized via 7 by using a metal wire with a line width of 0.3mm, and provides dc control for the first PIN diode 12. The microstrip feed line structure 32 is vertically arranged between the left and right side sub-structures of the dc offset structure 31, and a circular metal patch 33 is arranged at a position of the microstrip feed line structure 32 near the lower end. The left side substructure and the right side substructure respectively comprise metal wires 311 and a row plug structure 312 correspondingly connected with each metal wire 311, and the row plug structure of the left side substructure and the row plug structure of the right side substructure are symmetrically distributed and are all used for being connected with an external direct current control system. The microstrip feed line structure 32 and the dc offset structure 31 are connected to an external dc control system through metallized vias 7, respectively.
The microstrip feed line structure 32 has a length K1 and a width K2, and a circular metal patch 33 with a radius R1 is placed, where the circular metal patch 33 is for better slot coupling feeding, preferably k1=16 mm, k2=0.64 mm, r1=1.28 mm.
Referring to fig. 4, a metal floor 5 with a slot is etched on the lower surface of a lower dielectric substrate 4, and includes a slot structure 51 located in the middle of the metal bottom plate, a second PIN diode 52 is disposed inside the slot structure 51, and a second patch capacitor 53 is disposed at the edge of the slot structure 51.
In this embodiment, the slit structure 51 is in an "i" shape, and includes two square grooves and a rectangular groove connecting the two square grooves, and a second PIN diode 52 placed in the same direction is disposed at the inner sides of the two square grooves; a second patch capacitor 53 is arranged on the outer side of the two square grooves in the same direction.
Wherein the rectangular groove has a length of B2 and a width of B3, the square groove has a side length of B1, and the metal floor 5 has a side length of P2, preferably b1=4mm, b2=12mm, b3=1 mm, p2=25.7 mm. The distance between the two second PIN diodes 52 and the center of the rectangular groove is 5mm, and two second patch capacitors 53 which are placed in the same direction and have the capacitance of 10nF are loaded at the outer edge of the square groove, so that the current distribution on two sides of a gap is not affected, the isolation of direct current signals is ensured, and bias voltages are provided for the second PIN diodes 52.
With continued reference to fig. 5, a metal reflector plate 6 is placed at a height H3 from the antenna feed structure 3, the metal reflector plate 6 being a square metal plate of side length P3. The metal reflecting plate 6 is provided with two rectangular grooves 61 and a circular groove 62, wherein the two rectangular grooves 61 are arranged in parallel along the long axis direction, and the circular groove 62 is positioned between the two rectangular grooves 61. Rectangular recess 61 is M1 long and M2 wide so that an external dc control system can be connected to the frequency reconfigurable antenna, and circular recess 62 has a radius R2 for coupling feeding of the antenna from the back. Preferably, h3=2.4mm, m1=13 mm, m2=4mm, r2=2.5 mm. The interval between the metal floor 5 with gap and the metal reflecting plate 6 is 2.4mm
In addition, the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the lower dielectric substrate 4 each used an Arlon AD450 having a dielectric constant of 4.5, and a loss tangent of 0.0035; the top layer super surface structure 1, the metal floor 5 with gaps and the metal reflecting plate 6 are all made of copper.
The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna of this embodiment loads a super-surface structure as a radiator of the antenna instead of the conventional structure using a super-surface as a reflective floor of the antenna. The operating frequency of the antenna is selected by the state of the PIN diode by connecting the ultra-surface array with the PIN diode. The structure of loading capacitance is adopted, so that current distribution at the floor gap is not changed, and direct-current bias voltage is provided for the PIN diode. The antenna can realize the circular polarization frequency reconfigurable characteristic of 3 states in the bandwidth range of 4GHz-9 GHz.
Referring to fig. 1-5, in order to verify the reconfigurability of the low-profile circular polarization frequency, the embodiment adopts a PCB process to process the antenna, and welds the switching diode to the corresponding position of the antenna through wave soldering technology.
The whole antenna structure of the embodiment adopts a microstrip type super-surface antenna design, the super-surface unit loaded on the top layer is of an inclined 45-degree metal rectangular structure, the super-surface unit is periodically expanded into a 4 x 4 super-surface array along the xy axis, and the super-surface unit is excited by utilizing slot coupling feed, so that good impedance matching is obtained. After the design of the basic super-surface antenna is finished, the design of a direct current drive circuit is carried out on the antenna so as to conveniently control the state of loading an electric control device, and finally, the designed antenna is subjected to physical processing and a diode is driven by a battery pack so as to conveniently carry out the voltage and current design of an external direct current control system.
The antenna is divided into two parts, the first part is a bottom slot coupling structure, and the on and off states of the diodes loaded on the slots can be changed to control the antenna to work in a high-frequency or low-frequency area. The second part is a 4×4 super-surface structure, and by changing the on and off states of the diodes loaded on the super-surface, the reactance of the two directions can be changed, so that circularly polarized waves are radiated.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation principle of a low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The antenna radiation electric field E is decomposed into a component E2 perpendicular to the 45-degree oblique direction and a component E1 along the metal patch direction. The reactance in the two directions is not equal any more due to the existence of the metal wire, the impedance Z2 in the E2 direction increases in inductance, the impedance Z1 in the E1 direction increases in capacitance, and therefore the phase of the electric field component E2 leads the phase of E1, the reactance in the E1 direction can be changed by changing the on and off states of the diodes loaded on the super surface, and when the amplitude of E2 is equal to that of E1, and the phase of E2 leads the phase of E1 by 90 degrees, circularly polarized waves can be radiated.
The effect of the low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna according to the embodiment of the invention is further described below in conjunction with simulation experiments, and the electromagnetic characteristics of the low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna are analyzed as follows.
To illustrate the electromagnetic properties of a multi-dimensional, tunable digitally encoded subsurface unit, a modeling simulation of the unit structure of FIG. 1 was performed using commercial simulation software ANSYS HFSS.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 shows reflection coefficient, axial ratio and radiation pattern parameters of a low-profile circular polarization frequency reconfigurable antenna operating in a low-frequency region according to an embodiment of the present invention, and simulation results indicate that the low-profile circular polarization frequency reconfigurable antenna satisfies circular polarization and frequency reconfigurable functions in the low-frequency operating region by controlling the PIN diode state loaded on the antenna.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 shows reflection coefficient, axial ratio and radiation pattern parameters of the low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna working in the intermediate frequency region according to the embodiment of the present invention, and simulation results show that the antenna satisfies the circularly polarized and frequency reconfigurable functions in the intermediate frequency region.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 shows reflection coefficient, axial ratio and radiation pattern parameters of the low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna working in a high frequency region, and simulation results show that the antenna meets the circularly polarized and frequency reconfigurable functions in the high frequency region.
The invention provides a circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna loaded with a super-surface structure, which can reduce the section height and realize the circularly polarized radiation effect of the antenna by loading the super-surface structure as a radiator of the antenna; the PIN diode is used as an electric control element, so that the PIN diode has the advantages of high response speed, stable performance and no influence on the switching state of the PIN diode due to voltage floating; the external direct current control system is used, so that the complexity of the control system is reduced, and the state of the antenna can be controlled in real time. The invention can switch the voltage loaded on the switch diode in real time by controlling an external circuit through a computer, thereby switching the working state of the antenna in real time; the invention can switch the functions at any time according to the actual scene, thereby having great application value. The invention has the characteristics of wide frequency band coverage, flexible control, multiple functions, strong practicability and the like. The super surface can realize three kinds of circular polarization frequency reconfigurable functions in the frequency range of 4GHz-9 GHz.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna is characterized by comprising a top layer super-surface structure (1), an upper layer dielectric substrate (2), an antenna feed structure (3), a lower layer dielectric substrate (4), a metal floor (5) with a gap and a metal reflecting plate (6) which are distributed from top to bottom in sequence,
the top layer super surface structure (1) is arranged on the upper surface of the upper layer dielectric substrate (2) and is formed by the periodic extension of a plurality of super surface units (11) which are identical, and the super surface units (11) are also connected with a first PIN diode (12) and a first patch capacitor (13);
the antenna feed structure (3) is printed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate (2) and comprises a direct current bias structure (31) and a microstrip feed line structure (32), the direct current bias structure (31) comprises a first substructure and a second substructure which are positioned on two sides of the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate (2), the first substructure and the second substructure respectively comprise a plurality of metal wires, and each metal wire is connected with the first PIN diode (12) through a metallized via hole (7); -the microstrip feed line structure (32) is located between the first and second sub-structures;
the metal floor (5) with the gap is arranged on the lower surface of the lower medium substrate (4), comprises a gap structure (51) positioned in the middle of the metal bottom plate, a second PIN diode (52) is arranged in the gap structure (51), and a second patch capacitor (53) is arranged at the edge of the gap structure (51);
the metal reflecting plate (6) is arranged below the metal floor (5) and is arranged at intervals with the metal floor (5);
the inner surface of the metallized via hole (7) is coated with a metal layer, and the metallized via hole (7) penetrates up and down and is used for connecting the top-layer metal patch (1), the antenna feed structure (3) and the metal floor (5) with the gap.
2. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein the top layer of the super-surface structure (1) comprises n x n super-surface units (11), each super-surface unit (11) being elongated and being arranged inclined by 45 ° in the same direction such that the super-surface units (11) located in different rows and corresponding positions are on the same straight line, wherein n is equal to or larger than 4.
3. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna of claim 2, wherein the adjacent super surface units (11) located in the same tilt direction are connected by the first PIN diode (12); the side face of each super surface unit (11) connected through the first PIN diode (12) is provided with a first patch capacitor (13), and the super surface units (11) are connected with the metal floor (5) with the gap through the first patch capacitors (13) and are used for carrying out alternating current-direct current isolation on signals.
4. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein the microstrip feed line structure (32) is vertically arranged between the left and right side substructures of the dc offset structure (31), and the microstrip feed line structure (32) is provided with a circular metal patch (33) near the lower end.
5. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna of claim 4, wherein the left side substructure and the right side substructure each comprise a metal wire (311) and a row plug structure (312) correspondingly connected to each metal wire (311), and the row plug structures of the left side substructure and the row plug structures of the right side substructure are symmetrically distributed and are each used for connecting an external dc control system.
6. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna of claim 4, wherein the microstrip feed line structure (32) and the dc offset structure (31) are each connected to an external dc control system through the metallized via (7).
7. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein the slot structure (51) comprises two square grooves and a rectangular groove communicating the two square grooves, and a second PIN diode (52) placed in the same direction is arranged inside each square groove; and a second patch capacitor (53) which is arranged in the same direction is respectively arranged at the outer sides of the two square grooves.
8. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna of claim 7, wherein two rectangular grooves (61) and one circular groove (62) are formed in the metal reflecting plate (6), wherein the two rectangular grooves (61) are arranged in parallel along the long axis direction, and the circular groove (62) is located between the two rectangular grooves (61).
9. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein the spacing between the slotted metal floor (5) and the metal reflector plate (6) is 2.4mm.
10. The low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the upper dielectric substrate (2) and the lower dielectric substrate (4) are each of a nonmetallic material having a dielectric constant of 4.5; the top layer super surface structure (1), the metal floor (5) with gaps and the metal reflecting plate (6) are all made of copper.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310166872.4A CN116404430A (en) | 2023-02-24 | 2023-02-24 | Low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310166872.4A CN116404430A (en) | 2023-02-24 | 2023-02-24 | Low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116404430A true CN116404430A (en) | 2023-07-07 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310166872.4A Pending CN116404430A (en) | 2023-02-24 | 2023-02-24 | Low-profile circularly polarized frequency reconfigurable antenna |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN116404430A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-02-24 CN CN202310166872.4A patent/CN116404430A/en active Pending
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