CN116400470A

CN116400470A - Optical cable for aerospace and preparation method

Info

Publication number: CN116400470A
Application number: CN202310387281.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘仁武; 赵春辉; 闻涛; 唐明江
Original assignee: Guangdong Changtian Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Changtian Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-04-11
Filing date: 2023-04-11
Publication date: 2023-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 2043-04-11
Also published as: CN116400470B

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical cable for aerospace and a preparation method thereof, comprising an optical cable and anti-vibration devices, wherein a first protective layer, a second protective layer, a shielding layer, a buffer component and a sheath layer are arranged on the optical cable, so that the optical cable has high strength and anti-vibration performance, the reliability and stability under a vibration environment are ensured, and meanwhile, a plurality of anti-vibration devices are arranged outside the optical cable in a surrounding manner, so that the optical cable is prevented from being easily bent, stretched and even broken in an optical fiber core when the optical cable is subjected to vibration and impact, the operation stability of the optical cable when the aircraft is in flight is ensured, and meanwhile, when the optical cable is subjected to impact and vibration, the optical cable can be fed back to a worker through a display ball arranged on the anti-vibration device, and the worker can observe the outer surface of the anti-vibration device in the subsequent maintenance process, so that the color displayed by the display ball is more convenient for the worker to examine and repair the optical cable even under a dim condition, thereby improving the maintenance efficiency of the subsequent worker.

Description

Optical cable for aerospace and preparation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aviation cables, in particular to an aerospace optical cable and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the rapid development of aviation technology, the requirements for high-speed transmission and data exchange are higher and higher, and an aviation optical cable is used as optical equipment for transmitting optical signals in an aircraft, and the working principle of the aviation optical cable is based on an optical fiber communication technology, wherein the optical fiber communication technology is a technology for transmitting information by utilizing the optical signals, and the basic principle of the technology is that the optical signals are transmitted along the optical fibers by utilizing the total reflection characteristic of the optical fibers, so that the information transmission is realized.

The aviation optical cable has the function of transmitting signals and data in the aircraft, has the advantages of high speed, high bandwidth, no magnetic interference, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and is suitable for occasions requiring high-speed and stable communication, such as high-speed data transmission, real-time video transmission and the like. In the aerospace field, aviation optical cable is widely applied to aspects such as communication, navigation, topography survey and drawing, meteorological monitoring, and the like, provides important support for guaranteeing safety and stability of an aircraft, and because the aircraft can receive various vibrations and impacts in the process of launching and running, the vibrations and impacts can also influence an internally mounted optical cable, when the vibrations and impacts are large, the bending, stretching and even fracture of an optical fiber core in the optical cable are easy to cause, and then potential safety hazards exist when the aircraft flies.

Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide an optical cable for aerospace and a preparation method thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an optical cable for aerospace and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solution:

an optical cable for aerospace and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: the optical cable comprises a plurality of optical fibers, a first protective layer is arranged on the outer periphery of each optical fiber, and the optical fibers, the first protective layer, a second protective layer, a shielding layer, a buffer assembly and a sheath layer are sequentially arranged on the optical cable from inside to outside; the anti-vibration ware sets up in optical cable outer surrounding department, the anti-vibration ware includes: the positioning assembly is arranged on the lower side of the optical cable and comprises a positioning seat, the top end of the positioning seat is fixedly connected with a fixing rod, and a pair of mutually symmetrical fasteners are arranged on the fixing rod; the fixing assembly is arranged on the upper side of the positioning assembly and comprises a supporting ring, and the bottom end of the supporting ring is fixedly connected with the top end of the fixing rod; the buffer assembly is provided with a supporting ring surrounding part and comprises a plurality of extrusion barrels, and the extrusion barrels are inlaid at the inner surface of the supporting ring.

As a further improvement of the invention, the buffer assembly comprises a buffer strip and buffer balls, wherein a plurality of buffer balls which are uniformly distributed are arranged on the outer surface of the buffer strip, the buffer balls are alternately distributed, and the buffer strip is correspondingly shaped like a wave.

As a further improvement of the invention, the extrusion rod is connected in the extrusion barrel in a sliding way, one end of the extrusion rod extends to the outer side of the extrusion barrel, one end of the extrusion barrel, which is far away from the supporting ring, is fixedly connected with the fixing ring, one end of the fixing ring, which is far away from the extrusion barrel, is fixedly connected with the extrusion strip, the extrusion strip is arranged at the surrounding part of the extrusion rod, and one end of the extrusion strip is fixedly connected with the extrusion rod.

As a further improvement of the invention, one end of the extrusion rod far away from the fixed ring is fixedly connected with an abutting block, the abutting block is matched with the optical cable, and the abutting block is made of elastic silica gel material.

As a further improvement of the invention, broken fragments are inlaid in the inner wall of the extrusion cylinder, a plurality of feedback cavities matched with the extrusion cylinder are formed on the supporting ring, the inner wall of the feedback cavity is inlaid with a blocking ring, the diameters of the inner wall of the blocking ring are sequentially reduced from right to left, ceramic blocks are arranged in the blocking ring, wear-resistant pads are arranged on the outer periphery of the ceramic blocks, and the wear-resistant pads are abutted against the inner wall of the blocking ring.

As a further improvement of the invention, one end of the ceramic block, which is far away from the extrusion cylinder, is provided with a display ball which is arranged in the feedback cavity, a pair of reaction cavities are formed by the display ball through internally-arranged elastic pieces, vibration fragments are inlaid on the elastic pieces, and a pair of reaction cavities are respectively filled with color developing liquid and reaction particles.

As a further improvement of the invention, the material of the color development liquid adopts a gold amine solution material, and the material of the reaction particles adopts an aluminum chloride material.

The preparation method of the optical cable for aerospace comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly cleaning the preparation material, heating to high temperature, and then stretching the preparation material into an elongated optical fiber;

s2: weaving a plurality of optical fibers together, and coating a first protective layer on the outer surface of the optical fibers;

s3: wrapping the plurality of optical fibers with a second protective layer and a shielding layer in sequence after coating;

s4: heating a high-temperature material, preparing a sheath layer to wrap a shielding layer by using a mold, and adding a prepared buffer assembly between the sheath layer and the shielding layer;

s5: and testing the performance of the optical cable after the completion.

The preparation material in the step S1 can be high-purity glass or plastic material, the drawing speed and the drawing temperature need to be controlled in the drawing process of the high-purity glass or plastic material, and the spacing, the arrangement mode and the density of the optical fibers need to be controlled in the weaving process in the step S2.

The material for coating the first protective layer in S3 may be silicate material, and the thickness and uniformity of the coating layer need to be controlled, and the high temperature material in S5 may be polyimide material or polyimide material, for example, so as to ensure that the high temperature and low temperature can be endured.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the first protective layer, the second protective layer, the shielding layer, the buffer component and the sheath layer are arranged on the optical cable, the optical cable is prepared by adopting the high-strength optical fiber material, and the high-strength polymer material is coated on the surface of the optical fiber, so that the optical cable has high strength and vibration resistance, the reliability and stability under a vibration environment are ensured, meanwhile, the plurality of vibration resistors are arranged outside the optical cable in a surrounding manner, the buffer component arranged on the vibration resistors can further enhance the vibration resistance of the optical cable, so that the optical cable is prevented from being easily bent, stretched and even broken in the optical cable when the optical cable is subjected to vibration and impact, the operation stability of the optical cable during flying is ensured, meanwhile, when the optical cable is subjected to impact and vibration, the optical cable is fed back to a worker through the appearance ball arranged on the vibration resistor, the worker can observe the outer surface of the vibration resistor in the subsequent maintenance process, the color displayed by the appearance ball is more convenient for the worker to discover under the condition of darkness, the subsequent worker can conveniently maintain the optical cable, and the efficiency of the optical cable is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an optical cable and vibration isolator according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a front cross-sectional structure of an optical cable of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of a cushioning assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an anti-vibration device according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a front cross-sectional structure of an anti-vibration device of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a partial perspective view of a cushioning assembly according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 5A according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 7B according to the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart of a preparation method of an optical cable for aerospace of the invention.

The reference numerals in the figures illustrate:

1. an optical cable; 2. an anti-vibration device; 3. a buffer assembly; 4. a fixing assembly; 5. a buffer assembly; 6. a positioning assembly; 7. revealing a ball; 11. an optical fiber; 12. a first protective layer; 13. a second protective layer; 14. a shielding layer; 15. a sheath layer; 31. a buffer strip; 32. a buffer ball; 41. a support ring; 51. an extrusion cylinder; 52. extruding the strip; 53. an extrusion rod; 54. a fixing ring; 55. an abutment block; 56. breaking fragments; 57. a feedback chamber; 58. a ceramic block; 59. a blocking ring; 61. a positioning seat; 62. a fixed rod; 63. a fastener; 71. a spring plate; 72. vibrating the fragments; 73. developing solution; 74. and (3) reacting the particles.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and that all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Examples:

referring to fig. 1-5, comprising: the optical cable 1, the optical cable 1 comprises a plurality of optical fibers 11, a first protection layer 12 is arranged on the periphery of the optical fibers 11, and the optical fibers 11, the first protection layer 12, a second protection layer 13, a shielding layer 14, a buffer assembly 3 and a sheath layer 15 are sequentially arranged on the optical cable 1 from inside to outside; and the vibration damper 2 is arranged at the outer surrounding part of the optical cable 1.

The vibration damper 2 includes: the positioning assembly 6 is arranged at the lower side of the optical cable 1, the positioning assembly 6 comprises a positioning seat 61, the top end of the positioning seat 61 is fixedly connected with a fixing rod 62, and a pair of mutually symmetrical fasteners 63 are arranged on the fixing rod 62; the fixing component 4 is arranged on the upper side of the positioning component 6, the fixing component 4 comprises a supporting ring 41, and the bottom end of the supporting ring 41 is fixedly connected with the top end of the fixing rod 62; the buffer component 5 is arranged at the surrounding position in the support ring 41, the buffer component 5 comprises a plurality of extrusion barrels 51, and the extrusion barrels 51 are embedded at the inner surface of the support ring 41.

Referring to fig. 3, the buffer assembly 3 includes a buffer bar 31 and buffer balls 32, wherein a plurality of uniformly distributed buffer balls 32 are mounted on the outer surface of the buffer bar 31, the buffer balls 32 are alternately distributed, and the buffer bar 31 is correspondingly shaped as a wave.

Wherein, the department is provided with buffer assembly 3 in the middle of shielding layer 14 and restrictive coating 15 on through optical cable 1, and buffer assembly 3 includes buffer strip 31 and buffering ball 32, be the wave through setting up the shape of buffer strip 31, and the material of buffering ball 32 adopts multilayer combined material, set up to the wave through buffer strip 31 and make can have buckling and deformation when receiving the pressure, thereby can absorb and disperse pressure, multilayer combined material can be stacked by one or more material layers simultaneously and form, can adopt fiber reinforced combined material, foam material etc. to make up, have characteristics of high strength, high rigidity, low density, play vibration resistance and compressive capacity.

Referring to fig. 6-7, the buffer assembly 5 includes an extrusion barrel 51, an extrusion strip 52, an extrusion rod 53, a fixing ring 54, an abutting block 55, a breaking block 56, a feedback cavity 57, a ceramic block 58 and a blocking ring 59, wherein the extrusion rod 53 is slidably connected in the extrusion barrel 51, one end of the extrusion rod 53 extends to the outside of the extrusion barrel 51, one end of the extrusion barrel 51, away from the supporting ring 41, is fixedly connected with the fixing ring 54, one end of the fixing ring 54, away from the extrusion barrel 51, is fixedly connected with the extrusion strip 52, the extrusion strip 52 is arranged at the periphery of the extrusion rod 53, one end of the extrusion strip 52 is fixedly connected with the extrusion rod 53, one end of the extrusion rod 53, away from the fixing ring 54, is fixedly connected with the abutting block 55, the abutting block 55 is matched with the optical cable 1, the material of the abutting block 55 adopts an elastic silica gel material, the breaking block 56 is embedded in the inner wall of the extrusion barrel 51, a plurality of feedback cavities 57 matched with the extrusion barrel 51 are formed in the supporting ring 41, the inner wall of the blocking ring 59 is embedded in the inner wall of the feedback cavity 57, the diameter of the blocking ring 59 is sequentially reduced from right to left, the ceramic block 58 is arranged in the blocking ring 59, the ceramic block 58 is fixedly connected with the ceramic block 58, the abutting block 58 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the ceramic block 58, the abutting block 55 is fixedly connected with the inner pad, and the inner pad is fixedly arranged on the inner pad, and the inner pad and the blocking pad is mounted on the inner pad is mounted on the outer wall.

Wherein, inlay a plurality of evenly distributed's recipient 51 through the support ring 41 internal surrounding department, and sliding connection has the extrusion pole 53 in the recipient 51, and the butt piece 55 of extrusion pole 53 one end rigid coupling and optical cable 1 butt, when installing optical cable 1, can pass anti vibration ware 2 with optical cable 1, the fastener on the rethread anti vibration ware 2 is fixed it, when the in-process that causes the spacecraft to launch and fly is to the vibration and the impact of optical cable 1, because of the direction trend uncertainty to the optical cable 1 vibration, thereby a plurality of evenly distributed's recipient 51 setting up in the external periphery department of optical cable 1 of enclosing the mosaic through the support ring 41, thereby can protect optical cable 1 to the vibration of all directions, when the vibration is less, optical cable 1 that receives the vibration can extrude butt piece 55, the material setting through butt piece 55 is elastic silica gel material, thereby deformation takes place when can take place to compress and absorb the vibration with optical cable 1, make the vibration of cable reduce.

Meanwhile, the extrusion bar 52 arranged at the periphery of the extrusion rod 53 is in a spring shape, the extrusion bar 52 is made of steel materials, the high elastic modulus and the high elastic limit are achieved, when vibration is large, the optical cable 1 is enabled to displace when the abutting block 55 is extruded, the extrusion bar 52 is extruded, the extrusion rod 53 slides in the extrusion barrel 51 to consume vibration energy to reduce vibration amplitude, meanwhile, the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the optical cable 1 can be effectively absorbed and dispersed through cooperation of the extrusion bar 52, protection of the optical cable 1 is achieved when vibration is large, bending, stretching and even fracture of an optical fiber core inside the optical cable 1 are prevented from being caused by large vibration on the optical cable 1, and stable operation of the optical cable 1 during flight is guaranteed.

And broken pieces 56 are inlaid at the bottom end of the extrusion barrel 51, a ceramic block 58 is inlaid at the inner wall of the feedback cavity 57, when the vibration is overlarge, the impact force of the optical cable 1 on the abutting block 55 is larger, due to the larger energy of the vibration, deformation and displacement of the extrusion strip 52 and the extrusion rod 53 are difficult to effectively absorb and disperse when the optical cable 1 vibrates and extrudes the abutting block 55 in a short time, and the air pressure accumulation in the extrusion barrel 51 is large when the extrusion rod 53 slides in the extrusion barrel 51 to extrude the air in the extrusion barrel 51, when the air pressure reaches the threshold value of breaking the broken pieces 56, the broken pieces 56 are broken, the air in the extrusion barrel 51 in a high pressure state is fed into the feedback cavity 57, a blocking ring 59 is inlaid in the feedback cavity 57, the ceramic block 58 is arranged in the blocking ring 59, the wear-resistant pad is arranged on the outer periphery of the ceramic block 58, the wear-resistant pad is abutted against the blocking ring 59, the blocking ring 59 and the wear-resistant pad are made of silicone rubber materials, the wear-resistant pad has good friction resistance and high temperature and low temperature resistance, when the crushing block 56 is crushed, air under high pressure in the extrusion cylinder 51 extrudes the ceramic block 58, so that the ceramic block 58 slides in the feedback cavity 57, the vibration energy is consumed through the friction force of the mutual sliding of the wear-resistant pad and the blocking ring 59, meanwhile, the diameter of the blocking ring 59 is arranged so that the inner diameter of the blocking ring 59 is sequentially reduced in the direction from the side close to the optical cable 1 to the side far from the optical cable 1, and the friction force of the wear-resistant pad is gradually increased when the wear-resistant pad slides in the blocking ring 59 to the side far from the optical cable 1, the ceramic block 58 and the sliding distance between the wear-resisting pad of the ceramic block 58 and the blocking ring 59 can support the trend that the developing ball 7 moves out of the feedback cavity 57 to be smaller and bigger on the trend that the inner diameter of the blocking ring 59 sequentially decreases, so that the developing ball 7 can be ensured to move out of the feedback cavity 57, and the follow-up staff can overhaul the ceramic block conveniently.

Referring to fig. 8, a spring plate 71, vibration fragments 72, a color developing liquid 73 and reaction particles 74 are disposed in a developing ball 7, the developing ball 7 is mounted at one end of a ceramic block 58 far away from an extrusion cylinder 51, the developing ball 7 is disposed in a feedback cavity 57, a pair of reaction cavities are formed in the developing ball 7 through the spring plate 71 which is internally mounted, the vibration fragments 72 are inlaid on the spring plate 71, the pair of reaction cavities are respectively filled with the color developing liquid 73 and the reaction particles 74, the color developing liquid 73 is made of a gold amine solution material, and the reaction particles 74 are made of an aluminum chloride material.

When the vibration is too large, the impact force of the optical cable 1 on the abutting block 55 is large, so that when the air pressure in the extrusion barrel 51 reaches the threshold value for breaking the materials of the broken blocks 56, the broken blocks 56 are broken, the air in the extrusion barrel 51 in a high-pressure state instantaneously goes into the feedback cavity 57, the high-pressure air acts on the ceramic block 58 in the feedback cavity 57, the ceramic block 58 generates large vibration and displacement, the appearance ball 7 moves from the feedback cavity 57, when the energy of the vibration acts on the appearance ball 7, the vibration blocks 72 embedded on the elastic pieces 71 in the appearance ball 7 are broken, the broken blocks 72 are communicated with the pair of reaction cavities, the color development liquid 73 and the reaction particles 74 are mutually mixed, the upper end and the lower end of the elastic pieces 71 simultaneously vibrate left and right together under the vibration, and the color development liquid 73 and the reaction particles 74 are uniformly stirred together.

Through setting up the material of developing solution 73 and adopting the gold amine solution material, the material of reaction granule 74 adopts the aluminum chloride material, and gold amine solution is a yellow metal ion complex solution, can react when combining with the aluminum chloride, form gold amine complex, set up simultaneously and show the material of ball 7 and adopt polytetrafluoroethylene, this material has splendid chemical stability and corrosion resistance, and the transparency is higher, can stir it under the vibration of upper end and lower extreme of shell fragment 71, the staff is in follow-up when repairing optical cable 1, accessible is showing on anti-vibration device 2 and is stretched out from feedback cavity 57, vibration and the impact that this department optical cable 1 received are great can be judged, the accessible is overhauld with the maintenance equipment, it shows the yellow better messenger's staff's discovery that shows the ball 7 in, when the environment of optical cable 1 installation is darker, thereby the white light that the ball 7 sent out shines anti-vibration device 2 surface, thereby can produce strong reflection of gold amine complex that its reaction produced can produce under the vibration cavity 57, and follow-up when repairing optical cable 1 is followed to follow-up when stretching out, and can be judged the optical cable 1 continuously in the follow-up vibration effect is more convenient when the lower extreme, thereby it is more convenient to judge whether the optical cable 1 is polluted.

Referring to fig. 9, a method for preparing an optical cable for aerospace comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, cleaning the preparation material, heating to high temperature, and then stretching the preparation material into an elongated optical fiber 11;

s2: weaving a plurality of optical fibers 11 together, and coating a first protective layer 12 on the outer surface of the optical fibers;

s3: after the coating is finished, a plurality of optical fibers are surrounded and sequentially wrapped by a second protective layer 13 and a shielding layer 14;

s4: heating the high-temperature material, preparing a sheath layer 15 to wrap a shielding layer 14 by using a mold, and adding the prepared buffer assembly 3 between the sheath layer 15 and the shielding layer 14;

s5: after completion, the performance of the optical cable 1 was tested.

The material for preparing S1 can be high-purity glass or plastic material, the drawing speed and temperature need to be controlled in the drawing process, the spacing, arrangement mode and density of the optical fibers 11 need to be controlled in the weaving process in S2, the material for coating the first protective layer 12 in S3 can be silicate material, the thickness and uniformity of the coating need to be controlled, and the high-temperature material in S5 can be polyimide material or polyimide material, so as to ensure that the high-temperature and low-temperature resistant optical fiber can be born.

The optical fiber 11 is made of high-purity glass or plastic, the material is drawn by a drawing machine, the drawing speed and temperature are required to be controlled, a first protective layer 12 is coated on the outer surface of the material to protect the optical fiber 11 from being corroded and damaged by the external environment, a material with low refractive index such as silicate can be used, a plurality of optical fibers are surrounded by the second protective layer 13 and the shielding layer 14 in sequence after coating is finished, the second protective layer 13 and the shielding layer 14 can be made of polyurethane materials and copper foil materials respectively, the second protective layer 13 has certain fireproof, anticorrosion and vibration-proof characteristics, meanwhile, the shielding layer 14 can prevent electromagnetic interference, ensure the running stability of the optical fiber, and can change the shape, size and structure of the shielding layer 14 to improve the vibration-proof performance of the optical fiber, and finally, the thickness and hardness of the shielding layer 15 are required to be controlled when preparing the shielding layer 15 by utilizing polyimide materials or polyimide materials, so that the material and structure inside the protector can be effectively ensured.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and that such description is provided for clarity only, and that the technical solutions of the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An optical cable for aerospace and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that: comprising the following steps:

the optical cable (1), the optical cable (1) comprises a plurality of optical fibers (11), a first protective layer (12) is arranged on the outer periphery of the optical fibers (11), and the optical fibers (11), the first protective layer (12), a second protective layer (13), a shielding layer (14), a buffer component (3) and a sheath layer (15) are sequentially arranged on the optical cable (1) from inside to outside;

the anti-vibration device (2) is arranged at the outer periphery of the optical cable (1), and the anti-vibration device (2) comprises:

the positioning assembly (6) is arranged at the lower side of the optical cable (1), the positioning assembly (6) comprises a positioning seat (61), a fixing rod (62) is fixedly connected to the top end of the positioning seat (61), and a pair of mutually symmetrical fasteners (63) are arranged on the fixing rod (62);

the fixing assembly (4) is arranged on the upper side of the positioning assembly (6), the fixing assembly (4) comprises a supporting ring (41), and the bottom end of the supporting ring (41) is fixedly connected with the top end of the fixing rod (62);

the buffer assembly (5) is provided with a supporting ring (41) and surrounds the supporting ring, the buffer assembly (5) comprises a plurality of extrusion barrels (51), and the extrusion barrels (51) are inlaid in the inner surface of the supporting ring (41).

2. The optical cable for aerospace and preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: the buffer assembly (3) comprises a buffer strip (31) and buffer balls (32), wherein a plurality of uniformly distributed buffer balls (32) are mounted on the outer surface of the buffer strip (31), the buffer balls (32) are alternately distributed, and the corresponding shape of the buffer strip (31) is set to be wave-shaped.

3. The optical cable for aerospace and preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: the inner sliding connection of the extrusion cylinder (51) has an extrusion rod (53), one end of the extrusion rod (53) extends to the outer side of the extrusion cylinder (51), one end of the extrusion cylinder (51) away from the supporting ring (41) is fixedly connected with a fixing ring (54), one end of the fixing ring (54) away from the extrusion cylinder (51) is fixedly connected with an extrusion strip (52), the extrusion strip (52) is arranged at the outer surrounding part of the extrusion rod (53), and one end of the extrusion strip (52) is fixedly connected with the extrusion rod (53).

4. The optical cable for aerospace and preparation method according to claim 3, wherein: one end of the extrusion rod (53) far away from the fixed ring (54) is fixedly connected with an abutting block (55), the abutting block (55) is matched with the optical cable (1), and the abutting block (55) is made of elastic silica gel materials.

5. The optical cable for aerospace and preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: crushing piece (56) are inlayed to the inner wall of extrusion section of thick bamboo (51), offer a plurality of feedback chamber (57) that match with extrusion section of thick bamboo (51) on supporting ring (41), feedback chamber (57) inner wall is inlayed and is blocked ring (59), it diminishes from right to left in proper order to block ring (59) inner wall diameter, and is provided with ceramic piece (58) in blocking ring (59), the wear pad is installed to ceramic piece (58) outer periphery, wear pad and the inner wall looks butt that blocks ring (59).

6. The optical cable for aerospace and preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the optical cable for aerospace and preparation method is characterized in that: one end of the ceramic block (58) far away from the extrusion cylinder (51) is provided with a display ball (7), the display ball (7) is arranged in the feedback cavity (57), the display ball (7) is provided with a pair of reaction cavities through an internally-installed elastic sheet (71), vibration fragments (72) are inlaid on the elastic sheet (71), and a pair of reaction cavities are respectively filled with a color developing liquid (73) and reaction particles (74).

7. The optical cable for aerospace and preparation method according to claim 6, wherein: the color developing solution (73) is made of a gold amine solution material, and the reaction particles (74) are made of an aluminum chloride material.

8. The method for preparing an aerospace optical cable according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly cleaning the preparation material, heating to high temperature, and then stretching the preparation material into an elongated optical fiber (11);

s2: weaving a plurality of optical fibers (11) together, and coating a first protective layer (12) on the outer surface of the optical fibers;

s3: after the coating is finished, a plurality of optical fibers are surrounded and sequentially wrapped by a second protective layer (13) and a shielding layer (14);

s4: heating a high-temperature material, preparing a sheath layer (15) by using a mould to wrap a shielding layer (14), and adding a prepared buffer assembly (3) between the sheath layer (15) and the shielding layer (14);

s5: after completion, the performance of the cable (1) was tested.

9. The method for preparing an aerospace optical cable according to claim 8, wherein: the preparation material in the S1 can be high-purity glass or plastic material, the drawing speed and the drawing temperature need to be controlled in the drawing process of the high-purity glass or plastic material, and the spacing, the arrangement mode and the density of the optical fibers (11) need to be controlled in the weaving process of the S2.

10. The method for preparing an aerospace optical cable according to claim 8, wherein: the material of the first protective layer (12) applied in the step S3 can be silicate material, the thickness and uniformity of the coating layer need to be controlled, and the high-temperature material in the step S5 can be polyimide material or polyimide material, so as to ensure that the high-temperature and low-temperature resistant materials can be born.