CN116399050B - Cold end treatment system and method of combined cycle unit - Google Patents
Cold end treatment system and method of combined cycle unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN116399050B CN116399050B CN202310416110.5A CN202310416110A CN116399050B CN 116399050 B CN116399050 B CN 116399050B CN 202310416110 A CN202310416110 A CN 202310416110A CN 116399050 B CN116399050 B CN 116399050B
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- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 12
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2327/00—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor
- F25B2327/001—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor of the internal combustion type
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cold end treatment system and a method of a combined cycle unit, wherein the system comprises: the device comprises a compressor, a separator, a vacuum pump, a compressed air storage tank, a liquid air storage tank and a gasifier; the vacuum pump is used for pumping air from the condenser and the compressed air storage tank to the compressor, and the compressor is used for compressing the air; the separator is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the gas-liquid mixed air obtained after compression by the compressor, storing the gaseous air into the compressed air storage tank and storing the liquid air into the liquid air storage tank; the gasifier is used for exchanging heat between the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank and circulating cooling water of the condenser, and storing the air formed after the heat exchange into the compressed air storage tank. Therefore, the system utilizes liquid air to improve the vacuum degree of the condenser and reduce the temperature of circulating cooling water, so that the circulating water pump does not need to be frequently operated, and the economical efficiency and the stability of the power plant are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of combined cycle units, in particular to a cold end treatment system and a cold end treatment method of a combined cycle unit.
Background
In the context of the rapid development of renewable energy sources, if it is desired to maintain the stability of the grid, it is necessary to promote the ability of the generator set to flexibly follow the load schedule of the grid.
At present, the peak shaving of the gas-steam combined cycle unit is that a condenser gas turbine and a waste heat boiler change fuel and air quantity along with load, and a cold end system changes circulating water flow accordingly, so that the power consumption requirement of an integral unit output matching power grid is met. For example, a typical cold-end treatment system of a 380MW combined cycle unit requires a large amount of circulating water (e.g., about 300 tons/hour), the flow rate of the circulating water also varies greatly under the dynamic load tracking action of the combined cycle unit, and the power plant needs to change the operation mode of the circulating water pump, such as starting/stopping a standby circulating water pump to adjust the flow rate, so as to optimize the output matching of the steam turbine. However, the actual situation is often that the peak regulation command of the power grid to the unit is load following with small amplitude, and then the frequent operation of the circulating water pump can have a certain influence on the economy and stability of the power plant.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the technical problems in the related art to some extent.
Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a cold end treatment system of a combined cycle unit, which increases the vacuum degree of a condenser and reduces the temperature of circulating cooling water by using liquid air, so that frequent operation of a circulating water pump is not required, and the economical efficiency and stability of a power plant are improved.
The second aim of the invention is to provide a cold end treatment method of the combined cycle unit.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention provides a cold end processing system of a combined cycle unit, including: the device comprises a compressor, a separator, a vacuum pump, a compressed air storage tank, a liquid air storage tank and a gasifier; the first air inlet of the compressor is connected with a condenser of the combined cycle unit, the second air inlet of the compressor is respectively connected with an air outlet of the compressed air storage tank and the condenser through the vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is used for pumping air from the condenser and the compressed air storage tank to the compressor, and the compressor is used for compressing air; the inlet of the separator is connected with the exhaust port of the compressor, the first outlet of the separator is connected with the first inlet of the compressed air storage tank, the second outlet of the separator is connected with the liquid inlet of the liquid air storage tank, and the separator is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on gas-liquid mixed air obtained after being compressed by the compressor, storing the gas air into the compressed air storage tank and storing the liquid air into the liquid air storage tank; one end of the gasifier is connected with a liquid outlet of the liquid air storage tank, the other end of the gasifier is connected with a second inlet of the compressed air storage tank, and the gasifier is used for exchanging heat with circulating cooling water of the condenser by utilizing liquid air in the liquid air storage tank and storing air formed after heat exchange into the compressed air storage tank.
The cold end treatment system of the combined cycle unit according to the embodiment of the invention comprises: the device comprises a compressor, a separator, a vacuum pump, a compressed air storage tank, a liquid air storage tank and a gasifier; the first air inlet of the compressor is connected with the condenser of the combined cycle unit, the second air inlet of the compressor is respectively connected with the air outlet of the compressed air storage tank and the condenser through the vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is used for pumping air from the condenser and the compressed air storage tank to the compressor so as to compress the air through the compressor; the inlet of the separator is connected with the exhaust port of the compressor, the first outlet of the separator is connected with the first inlet of the compressed air storage tank, the second outlet of the separator is connected with the liquid inlet of the liquid air storage tank, and the separator is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the gas-liquid mixed air obtained after being compressed by the compressor, storing the gas air into the compressed air storage tank and storing the liquid air into the liquid air storage tank; one end of the gasifier is connected with a liquid outlet of the liquid air storage tank, the other end of the gasifier is connected with a second inlet of the compressed air storage tank, and the gasifier is used for exchanging heat with circulating cooling water of the condenser by utilizing liquid air in the liquid air storage tank and storing air formed after heat exchange into the compressed air storage tank. Therefore, the system utilizes liquid air to improve the vacuum degree of the condenser and reduce the temperature of circulating cooling water, so that the circulating water pump does not need to be frequently operated, and the economical efficiency and the stability of the power plant are improved.
In addition, the cold end processing system of the combined cycle unit provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
According to one embodiment of the invention, the system further comprises: the device comprises a condenser, a circulating water pump set and a mechanical ventilation cooling tower, wherein one end of the condenser is connected with one end of the circulating water pump set, the other end of the circulating water pump set is connected with one end of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower, the other end of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower is connected with the other end of the condenser, and the gasifier is arranged below the mechanical ventilation cooling tower; wherein,
The circulating water pump set is used for pumping circulating cooling water in the condenser into the mechanical ventilation cooling tower;
the mechanical ventilation cooling tower is used for ventilating and cooling the circulating cooling water through the gasifier.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the system further comprises: the system comprises a generator, a gas turbine, a waste heat boiler, a steam turbine, a condenser storage box, a condensate pump and a heat sink; the exhaust port of the gas turbine is connected with the air inlet of the waste heat boiler, the exhaust port of the waste heat boiler is connected with the air inlet of the steam turbine, and the exhaust port of the steam turbine is connected with the generator;
the generator is used for generating electricity to drive the compressor to work;
Working medium discharged from an exhaust port of the steam turbine enters the condenser storage tank, exchanges heat with circulating cooling water in the condenser and enters the heat trap;
And the condensate pump is used for pumping working media in the heat trap to the waste heat boiler.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the system further comprises: the pressurized liquid pump is arranged on a pipeline connected with the outlet of the liquid air storage tank and the gasifier, and is used for adjusting the flow rate of liquid air entering the gasifier.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the system further comprises: the low-temperature pump is arranged on a pipeline connected with the first air inlet of the compressor at the vacuum air suction outlet of the condenser storage box and used for reducing the temperature of air flowing out of the condenser storage box.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the circulating water pump group comprises two water pumps, and the water pumps are used for pumping circulating cooling water to the condenser.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the condenser comprises: the first circulating water pipe bundle, the second circulating water pipe bundle, the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve; wherein,
When the load of the combined cycle unit exceeds a first set value, controlling the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve to be opened so as to enable circulating cooling water to flow through the two areas of the first circulating tube bundle and the second circulating tube bundle; or alternatively
When the load of the combined cycle unit is lower than a second set value, controlling the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve to be closed so as to enable circulating cooling water to flow through any circulating tube bundle area of the first circulating tube bundle and the second circulating tube bundle;
wherein the first set value is greater than the second set value.
To achieve the above objective, an embodiment of a second aspect of the present invention provides a cold end processing method of a combined cycle unit, where the method is implemented based on the cold end processing system of the combined cycle unit provided in the embodiment of the first aspect, and the method includes: pumping air from the condenser and the compressed air storage tank to the compressor by a vacuum pump to compress the air by the compressor; the separator is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the gas-liquid mixed air obtained after the air is compressed by the compressor, storing the gaseous air into the compressed air storage tank and storing the liquid air into the liquid air storage tank; and the gasifier exchanges heat with circulating cooling water of the condenser by utilizing liquid air in the liquid air storage tank, and stores air formed after heat exchange into the compressed air storage tank.
According to the cold end treatment method of the combined cycle unit, air is pumped from the condenser and the compressed air storage tank to the compressor through the vacuum pump, so that the air is compressed through the compressor, the air-liquid mixture obtained after the air is compressed through the compressor is subjected to gas-liquid separation through the separator, the gaseous air is stored in the compressed air storage tank, the liquid air is stored in the liquid air storage tank, the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank is utilized by the gasifier to exchange heat with circulating cooling water of the condenser, and the air formed after the heat exchange is stored in the compressed air storage tank. Therefore, the method utilizes the liquid air to improve the vacuum degree of the condenser and reduce the temperature of the circulating cooling water, so that the frequent operation of the circulating water pump is not needed, and the economical efficiency and the stability of the power plant are improved.
In addition, the cold end processing method of the combined cycle unit provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
According to one embodiment of the invention, during a first set period of time, controlling the gas turbine to be shut down, pulling electricity from a power grid to drive the compressor to produce liquid air and storing the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank;
And in a second set period, controlling the gas turbine and the steam turbine to start so as to coaxially drive the compressor through the gas turbine and the steam turbine, and extracting air from the condenser storage tank through the compressor so as to enable the condenser storage tank to form negative pressure.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises:
When the load of the combined cycle unit exceeds a first set value, controlling the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve to be opened so as to enable circulating cooling water to flow through the two areas of the first circulating tube bundle and the second circulating tube bundle; or alternatively
When the load of the combined cycle unit is lower than a second set value, controlling the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve to be closed so as to enable circulating cooling water to flow through any circulating tube bundle area of the first circulating tube bundle and the second circulating tube bundle;
wherein the first set value is greater than the second set value.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cold end processing system of a combined cycle unit in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cold end processing system of a combined cycle unit in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a cold end process method of a combined cycle unit in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1:
1. A gas turbine; 2. a waste heat boiler; 3. a steam turbine; 4. a generator; 5. a compressor; 6. a condenser; 61. a first circulating water tube bundle; 62. a second circulating water tube bundle; 63. a first bypass valve; 64. a second bypass valve; 7. a thermal trap; 8. a circulating water pump group which comprises 81 and 82 water pumps; 9. mechanical ventilation cooling tower; 10. a gasifier; 11. a compressed air storage tank; 12. a liquid air storage tank; 13. a pressurized liquid pump; 14. a cryogenic pump; 15. a vacuum pump; 16. a condensate pump; 17. a separator.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The cold end processing system and method of the combined cycle unit of the embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cold end processing system of a combined cycle unit in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
In fig. 1, the dotted line represents air, and the solid line represents water or water vapor.
As shown in fig. 1, a cold end processing system of a combined cycle unit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a compressor 5, a separator 17, a vacuum pump 15, a compressed air storage tank 11, a liquid air storage tank 12 and a gasifier 10.
The first air inlet of the compressor 5 is connected with a condenser of the combined cycle unit, the second air inlet of the compressor 5 is respectively connected with an air outlet of the compressed air storage tank 11 and the condenser 6 through a vacuum pump 15, the vacuum pump 15 is used for pumping air from the condenser 6 and the compressed air storage tank 11 to the compressor 5, and the compressor 5 is used for compressing air; an inlet of the separator 17 is connected with an exhaust port of the compressor 5, a first outlet of the separator 17 is connected with a first inlet of the compressed air storage tank 11, a second outlet of the separator 17 is connected with a liquid inlet of the liquid air storage tank 12, and the separator 17 is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on gas-liquid mixed air obtained after being compressed by the compressor 5, storing the gas air into the compressed air storage tank 11 and storing the liquid air into the liquid air storage tank 12; the gasifier 10, one end of the gasifier 10 is connected with the liquid outlet of the liquid air storage tank 12, the other end of the gasifier 10 is connected with the second inlet of the compressed air storage tank 11, and the gasifier 10 is used for exchanging heat with circulating cooling water of the condenser by utilizing liquid air in the liquid air storage tank 12 and storing air formed after heat exchange into the compressed air storage tank 11.
In this embodiment, the vacuum pump 15 may be a venturi vacuum pump capable of increasing the suction air capacity of any compressor 5. The method of configuring the vacuum pump 15 is: one section of the inlet of the compressor 5 is used as an air suction end, the other end is connected with a Venturi vacuum pump, and flange connection can be configured. The main components of the vacuum pump 15 are venturi tubes, which typically have an inlet cone of 30 degrees and an outlet cone of 5 degrees, and as the fluid flows through a conduit of decreasing diameter at the inlet of the vacuum pump, the compression action of the converging fluid flow causes a pressure drop, and the faster the moving fluid, the lower the pressure (i.e., bernoulli's principle), i.e., the higher the vacuum. The first function of the vacuum pump 15 in this embodiment is to regulate the flow of air into the compressor 5, and the second function is to use the pressure of compressed air to form negative pressure in the vacuum pump based on venturi principle, so as to pump air from the condenser vacuum box, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the pressure of the condenser 6.
In this embodiment, the gasifier 10 is arranged in a water collection tank below the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9, the gasifier 10 performs gas-liquid heat exchange in the form of a tube shell, liquid air is gasified and boosted in the tube, and circulating cooling water is cooled in the water collection tank. The gasifier 10 is provided with circulating water inlet and outlet pipe bundles and cooling pipe bundles; the cooling tube bundle can be spiral or reverse-folded, and the liquid air is used for being introduced into the cooling tube bundle and used for cooling circulating cooling water.
According to the cold end treatment system of the combined cycle unit, through the peak regulation characteristic of 'day start and night stop' of the combined cycle unit, the temperature of circulating water and the pressure of a condenser are reduced by utilizing stored liquid air and compressed air, so that the pressure and the temperature of working media of a cold end system of the unit are reduced, and the power and the efficiency of a steam turbine can be dynamically optimized without adjusting the flow of a circulating water pump in the load following process.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cold end processing system of a combined cycle unit in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the cold end processing system of the combined cycle unit according to the embodiment of the invention further includes: the device comprises a condenser 6, a circulating water pump set 8 and a mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9, wherein one end of the condenser 6 is connected with one end of the circulating water pump set 8, the other end of the circulating water pump set 8 is connected with one end of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9, the other end of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9 is connected with the other end of the condenser 6, and a gasifier 10 is arranged below the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9; wherein,
The circulating water pump set 8 is used for pumping circulating cooling water in the condenser 6 into the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9;
The mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9 is used for ventilating and cooling the circulating cooling water, and cooling the circulating cooling water through the gasifier 10. Wherein, the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9 that sets up in this embodiment can be more than one, is equipped with the fan in every mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9, and this fan is used for cooling down to the circulating cooling water, specifically can cooperate the change of circulating cooling water flow through the quantity of adjusting the ventilation cooling tower 9 that opens. In this case, when the temperature of the circulating cooling water is lowered, the amount of the circulating cooling water required is reduced, and therefore the number of mechanical draft cooling towers 9 can be reduced.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the system further includes: the system comprises a generator 4, a gas turbine 1, a waste heat boiler 2, a steam turbine 3, a condenser 6 storage tank, a condensate pump 16 and a heat trap 7; the exhaust port of the gas turbine 1 is connected with the air inlet of the waste heat boiler 2, the exhaust port of the waste heat boiler 2 is connected with the air inlet of the steam turbine 3, and the exhaust port of the steam turbine 3 is connected with the generator 4;
The generator 4 is used for generating electricity to drive the compressor 5 to work;
The working medium discharged from the exhaust port of the steam turbine 3 enters a storage tank of the condenser 6, exchanges heat with circulating cooling water in the condenser 6 and enters a heat trap 7;
the condensate pump 16 is used for pumping the working medium in the heat sink 7 into the waste heat boiler 2.
In the embodiment of the invention, the exhaust gas of the gas turbine 1 is connected to the waste heat boiler 2, the steam turbine 3 is arranged at the working medium downstream of the waste heat boiler 2, and the steam turbine 3 works to drive the generator 4 to drive the compressor 5 to work; the working medium at the outlet of the steam turbine 3 enters a condenser 6 and circulated cooling water for heat exchange, the interior of the condenser 6 consists of a first circulating water tube bundle 61, a second circulating water tube bundle 62, a first bypass valve 63 and a second bypass valve 64, and the condensed working medium enters a heat trap 7 and returns to the waste heat boiler 2 through a condensate pump 16. Wherein, when the load of the combined cycle unit exceeds a first set value, the first bypass valve 63 and the second bypass valve 64 are controlled to be opened so that the circulating cooling water flows through two areas of the first circulating tube bundle 61 and the second circulating tube bundle 62; or when the load of the combined cycle unit is lower than the second set value, the first bypass valve 63 and the second bypass valve 64 are controlled to be closed so that the circulating cooling water flows through any one of the circulating tube bundle areas of the first circulating tube bundle 61 and the second circulating tube bundle 62; wherein the first set point is greater than the second set point.
The circulating water pump group 8 comprises a main circulating water pump 81 which works, a standby circulating water pump 82 which is standby, circulating cooling water is cooled in the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9, a liquid air gasifier 10 is arranged below the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9, and the gasifier 10 is used for carrying out heat exchange on liquid air from the liquid air storage tank 12 and circulating water. Wherein, the two water pumps 81 and 82 of the circulating cooling water pump group 8 are ordinary water pumps with single power. When the cold energy of the cold end of the unit needs to be changed along with load change, the flow of the circulating cooling water is kept unchanged, the working mode and the power of the circulating water pump set 8 are kept unchanged, and liquid air is conveyed to the gasifier 10 to reduce the temperature of the circulating cooling water, so that the cold energy of the cold end of the unit is increased.
The compressor 5 extracts air from the vacuum box of the condenser 6, after the temperature is reduced by the cryopump 14, compressed air is produced and stored in the compressed air storage tank 11 or liquid air is stored in the liquid air storage tank 12, the compressed air released by the compressed air storage tank 11 drives the vacuum pump 15, and simultaneously, the air is extracted from the condenser 6, so that the storage box of the condenser 6 is in vacuum.
The liquid air in the liquid air storage tank 12 is sent into the gasifier 10 through the booster pump 13, and the liquid air is gasified after being heated up and then enters the compressed air storage tank 11.
As shown in fig. 2, a pressurized liquid pump 13 is provided on a pipe connected to the outlet of the liquid air tank 12 and the vaporizer 10, and the pressurized liquid pump 13 can regulate the flow rate of the liquid air into the vaporizer 10 and can maintain the pressure of the liquid air.
As shown in fig. 2, a low-temperature pump 14 is arranged on a pipeline connected with a vacuum air suction outlet of the condenser 6, the low-temperature pump 14 can regulate air entering the first air inlet of the compressor 5, and can cool the air to below-40 ℃ so that water and carbon dioxide in the air are condensed into liquid on metal and removed, and the deep oxygen-enriched air is left and is sucked into the compressor 5 to be pressurized and cooled to prepare liquid air.
The working process of the combined cycle unit and the cold end thereof is specifically described below.
The working flow of the combined cycle unit is as follows: the compressed air of the compressor is input into a combustion chamber, and natural gas is added into the combustion chamber for combustion; the heated high-temperature gas enters a gas turbine 1 to expand and do work to drive a generator 4 to generate electricity; the expanded flue gas enters a waste heat boiler 2 to generate high-pressure high-temperature steam; the steam enters a steam turbine 3 to expand and do work to drive a generator 4 to generate electricity; the expanded steam enters the condenser 6 to be condensed, and then enters the waste heat boiler 2 again through the condensate pump 16.
Cold end work flow of combined cycle unit: the circulating cooling water system with the organic ventilation cooling tower 9 is adopted, and the core components comprise: condenser 6, mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9 and circulating water pump. After heat exchange and temperature rise of the cooling water in the condenser 6, the cooling water enters the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9 for cooling and recycling of a condensing system.
Compressor 5 alone working flow: when the gas turbine 1 and the steam turbine 3 work, the rotating shaft driving the generator 4 drives the compressor 5 to rotate so as to compress air, and when the gas turbine 1 and the steam turbine 3 are stopped, the generator 4 can work as a motor to drive the compressor 5.
In the electricity consumption peak period, liquid air (below minus 195 ℃) in the liquid air storage tank 12 is conveyed to the lower part of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9 through the pressurizing liquid pump 13, enters the gasification unit for gasification, exchanges heat with circulating water at the ambient temperature, enters the compressed air storage tank 11 after the temperature of the air is increased to be close to the ambient temperature, and takes part in the combined cycle unit as air entering the compressor after passing through the vacuum pump 15.
In the electricity consumption valley period, the compressor 5 also utilizes the absorption air inlet capacity to pump air from the condenser 6, air in the shell of the condenser 6 is sucked into the compressor 5 to form condenser 6 vacuum, and the air pumped from the condenser 6 is cooled and dried through the cryopump 14 and is pressurized and cooled into liquid air by the compressor 5. The mixture enters a compressor 5 group to be added to high pressure, is liquefied into liquid state and is stored in a cold energy storage tank; the compressed air pumped by the vacuum pump 15 further enhances the air suction capacity of the compressor 5, and the vacuum degree of the condenser 6 is again improved.
Because the compressor 5 is used for sucking air and pressurizing, the nature of the compressor is consistent with that of a vacuum pump for pressurizing working media and exhausting air from a closed container, the invention utilizes the characteristic of sucking air in the process of producing compressed air by the compressor 5 to exhaust air from a storage tank of a condenser 6 to form vacuum, and replaces a water ring type vacuum pump commonly used by a traditional unit.
The negative pressure of the condenser 6 is formed in the vacuum control box, and in the normal operation of the unit, if the vacuum in the vacuum tank of the condenser 6 is reduced to the pressure of more than 31kPa, the compressor 5 is started to serve as a vacuumizing main pump of the condenser 6; if the vacuum in the vacuum tank of the condenser 6 drops to a pressure of >37kPa, the vacuum pump 15 is started as a vacuum sub-pump.
In particular, the liquid air energy storage system includes an insulated storage tank that maintains one or more atmospheric pressures, although lost due to ambient heat transfer, the cryogenic liquid may be stored in a closed container for a long period of time, facilitating the turning on of the compressor 5 and cryogenic pump 14 during weekends, nights, or when electricity is inexpensive, storing chemical and mechanical energy of the liquid air.
When the load of the combined cycle unit is increased, the output of higher power is required, the flow rate of liquid air entering the gasifier 10 is increased, the temperature of the circulating cooling water is reduced, and the flow rate of the circulating cooling water is not required to be changed at the moment, but the number of tube bundles of circulating cooling water flowing through the condenser 6 is reduced, so that the heat exchange area of the circulating cooling water is reduced; when the load of the combined cycle unit is reduced, the output power needs to be reduced, the flow rate of the liquid air entering the gasifier 10 is reduced, the temperature of the circulating cooling water is increased, the power of the circulating water pump group 8 is not changed at the moment, and the heat exchange area of the circulating cooling water is increased by increasing the number of tube bundles through which the circulating cooling water flows in the condenser 6. The specific implementation mode is as follows: when the heat exchange area of the condenser 6 needs to be increased, a first bypass valve 63 and a second bypass valve 64 of the circulating cooling water tube bundle are opened, and the circulating cooling water flows through two areas of the first circulating water tube bundle 61 and the second circulating water tube bundle 62 under pressure; when the heat exchange area of the condenser 6 needs to be reduced, the first bypass valve 63 and the second bypass valve 64 of the circulating cooling water are closed, and the circulating cooling water directly flows back to the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9 after flowing through the second circulating water tube bundle 62 without passing through the first circulating water tube bundle 61.
According to the cold end treatment system of the combined cycle unit, a power plant of the combined cycle unit starts and stops peak regulation every day, liquid air is produced by using redundant power at night, the cold end treatment system is used for optimizing the operation cold end of the unit in the daytime, the power generation efficiency and power of the steam turbine 3 are improved, the performance and flexibility of the power plant can be improved, and particularly, the novel power generation mode can generate remarkable benefits for areas with high air temperature and humidity in summer.
In one embodiment of the invention, a cold end treatment method of a combined cycle unit is provided, and the specific operation method is as follows:
1) At night, when the electricity is used in the valley, the gas turbine 1 unit is stopped, and the liquid air is produced from the power grid by pulling the electric drive compressor 5 and the cryogenic pump 14 and is stored in the liquid air storage tank 12;
2) When industrial power is used in the daytime, a gas turbine 1 unit is started, the gas turbine 1 and a steam turbine 32 coaxially drive a compressor 5, the compressor 5 pumps air from a storage tank of a condenser 6 to enable negative pressure to be formed in the storage tank of the condenser 6, and produced compressed air exists in a compressed air storage tank 11;
3) Releasing liquid air from the liquid air tank 12 to cool the circulating water in the gasifier 10 when the unit is kept operating at a base load, and forming gaseous air after gasification of the liquid air and storing the gaseous air in the compressed air tank 11;
4) In order to increase the output of the steam turbine 3 during high load operation of the machine, the operating methods of 2) and 3) are maintained, and compressed air is released from the compressed air storage tank 11 to drive the vacuum pump 15, the vacuum pump 15 also drawing air from the storage tank of the condenser 6 and feeding low-temperature air into the compressor 5.
5) When the unit is in a low-load state and the load is increased, the release flow of the liquid air storage tank 12 is increased, and the circulating water of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9 and the condensed water of the condenser 6 are cooled, so that the output of the steam turbine 3 is increased. Conversely, when the unit is being loaded down from a low load condition, the discharge flow from the liquid air reservoir 12 is reduced.
6) When the unit is in a high-load state and the load is increased, the discharge flow of the compressed air storage tank 11 is increased, compressed air is pushed to the compressor 5 by the vacuum pump 15, the compressor 5 is pushed to suck air from the condenser 6, the pressure of the condensed water of the condenser 6 is reduced, and the output force of the steam turbine 3 is increased. Conversely, when the unit is under load from a high load condition, the discharge flow rate of the compressed air storage tank 11 is reduced.
7) Because the temperature difference between the air temperature and the cooling temperature of the cooling circulating water is small, after the liquid air is coupled, the temperature of the cooling circulating water is reduced, the water quantity of the cooling circulating water is reduced, the heat exchange area of the cooling circulating water in the condenser 6 can be correspondingly reduced, and the cooling circulating water is realized by closing part of the condenser circulating water pipe bundles. For example, as the unit load decreases, the condensate flow rate decreases, the cooling circulation flow rate also decreases, the circulation water heat exchange tube bundle 61 is turned off, and the circulation water is bypassed from the heat exchange tube bundle 62 back to the cooling tower so as not to pass through the heat exchange tube bundle 61, thus leaving only the circulation water heat exchange tube bundle 62 for condensate condensation.
Therefore, the cold end treatment system and the cold end treatment method of the combined cycle unit are provided, the coupled gas energy storage technology is matched with the combined cycle load following, and the temperature of the cold end circulating cooling system and the working pressure of the condenser 6 are directly regulated, so that the output power of the steam turbine 3 is changed, and the overall system efficiency is improved.
When the liquid air is used for storing and releasing energy, the device has the characteristics of three stages of compression, cooling and gasification expansion, is deeply integrated with the cold end (a condenser 6 at the downstream of a steam turbine 3 and a mechanical ventilation cooling tower 9) of the combined cycle unit, reduces the temperature of circulating water and improves the vacuum degree of condensed water when the load follows, thereby improving the pressure and the temperature of a cold end working medium, improving the power and the efficiency of the steam turbine 3 and avoiding frequent switching of the operation mode of the circulating water pump (the circulating water flow is large, and the starting/rising speed power consumption of the circulating water pump is large).
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) According to the cold end treatment system of the combined cycle unit, the compressor 5 of the liquid air energy storage unit is used as the vacuum pump of the condenser 6, the characteristic that the compressor 5 extracts air from the vacuum box of the condenser 6 for pressurization is utilized, and the compressed air is matched with the vacuum pump 15 for further driving the vacuum pump to extract air from the vacuum box of the condenser 6, so that the rapid condensation of steam working media discharged into the condenser 6 from the steam turbine 3 is promoted.
(2) The cold energy of the liquid air is coupled at the cold end of the combined cycle unit, and the circulating water is cooled in the gasification process of the liquid air, so that the condensed water is cooled indirectly, the heat exchange resistance of the working medium of the condenser 6 is avoided, the investment cost is saved for the power plant, and the water resource consumption and the occupied area are reduced.
(3) Because the liquid air and the compressed air are stored in the cold tank, the pressure and the temperature of the condenser 6 and the output power of the steam turbine 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the air flow and the power of the compressor 5 and the vacuum pump 15, so that the running load of the unit is matched, and the energy-saving effect is achieved.
(4) By utilizing the peak regulation characteristic of the combined cycle unit, when electricity is used in low-peak, surplus electricity is pulled from a power grid to drive the compressor 5 to produce liquid air; when electricity is used in peak, the liquid air is gasified into low-temperature high-pressure air for load adjustment of a cold end system of the unit, and the operation mode plays a role in peak clipping and valley filling.
(5) When the output power of the unit needs to be changed along with the power generation load, the power of the circulating water pump set 8 is not required to be adjusted to change the flow of circulating cooling water, but the heat exchange area of the circulating cooling water in the condenser 6 is changed by controlling the temperature of the circulating cooling water and matching, so that the cold end operation mode of the unit is changed, and the mode of adjusting the quantity of the inner pipe bundles of the condenser 6 through the first bypass valve 63 and the second bypass valve 64 of the circulating cooling water is relatively simple and low in cost because the mode of adjusting the large-scale circulating water pump set 8 is relatively complex and high in cost.
In summary, the cold end processing system of the combined cycle unit according to the embodiment of the invention includes: the device comprises a compressor, a separator, a vacuum pump, a compressed air storage tank, a liquid air storage tank and a gasifier; the first air inlet of the compressor is connected with the condenser of the combined cycle unit, the second air inlet of the compressor is respectively connected with the air outlet of the compressed air storage tank and the condenser through the vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is used for pumping air from the condenser and the compressed air storage tank to the compressor so as to compress the air through the compressor; the inlet of the separator is connected with the exhaust port of the compressor, the first outlet of the separator is connected with the first inlet of the compressed air storage tank, the second outlet of the separator is connected with the liquid inlet of the liquid air storage tank, and the separator is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the gas-liquid mixed air obtained after being compressed by the compressor, storing the gas air into the compressed air storage tank and storing the liquid air into the liquid air storage tank; one end of the gasifier is connected with a liquid outlet of the liquid air storage tank, the other end of the gasifier is connected with a second inlet of the compressed air storage tank, and the gasifier is used for exchanging heat with circulating cooling water of the condenser by utilizing liquid air in the liquid air storage tank and storing air formed after heat exchange into the compressed air storage tank. Therefore, the system utilizes liquid air to improve the vacuum degree of the condenser and reduce the temperature of circulating cooling water, so that the circulating water pump does not need to be frequently operated, and the economical efficiency and the stability of the power plant are improved.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a cold end process method of a combined cycle unit in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the cold end processing method of the combined cycle unit according to the embodiment of the invention includes:
S1, pumping air from a condenser and a compressed air storage tank to a compressor through a vacuum pump so as to compress the air through the compressor.
S2, carrying out gas-liquid separation on the gas-liquid mixed air obtained after the air is compressed by the compressor through the separator, storing the gaseous air into a compressed air storage tank, and storing the liquid air into a liquid air storage tank.
S3, heat exchange is carried out on circulating cooling water of the condenser by utilizing liquid air in the liquid air storage tank through the gasifier, and air formed after heat exchange is stored in the compressed air storage tank.
According to one embodiment of the invention, during a first set period of time, controlling the gas turbine to stop, pulling electricity from the power grid to drive the compressor to produce liquid air and storing in the liquid air storage tank;
And in a second set period, controlling the gas turbine and the steam turbine to start so as to coaxially drive the compressor through the gas turbine and the steam turbine, and pumping air from the condenser storage tank through the compressor so as to enable the condenser storage tank to form negative pressure.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises:
When the load of the combined cycle unit exceeds a first set value, the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve are controlled to be opened so that circulating cooling water flows through the two areas of the first circulating tube bundle and the second circulating tube bundle; or alternatively
When the load of the combined cycle unit is lower than a second set value, the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve are controlled to be closed, so that circulating cooling water flows through any circulating tube bundle area of the first circulating tube bundle and the second circulating tube bundle;
Wherein the first set point is greater than the second set point.
It should be noted that, for details not disclosed in the cold end processing method of the combined cycle unit in the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to details disclosed in the cold end processing system of the combined cycle unit in the embodiment of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
According to the cold end treatment method of the combined cycle unit, air is pumped from the condenser and the compressed air storage tank to the compressor through the vacuum pump, so that the air is compressed through the compressor, the air-liquid mixture obtained after the air is compressed through the compressor is subjected to gas-liquid separation through the separator, the gaseous air is stored in the compressed air storage tank, the liquid air is stored in the liquid air storage tank, the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank is utilized by the gasifier to exchange heat with circulating cooling water of the condenser, and the air formed after the heat exchange is stored in the compressed air storage tank. Therefore, the method utilizes the liquid air to improve the vacuum degree of the condenser and reduce the temperature of the circulating cooling water, so that the frequent operation of the circulating water pump is not needed, and the economical efficiency and the stability of the power plant are improved.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and additional implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order from that shown or discussed, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cold end treatment system for a combined cycle unit, comprising: the device comprises a compressor, a separator, a vacuum pump, a compressed air storage tank, a liquid air storage tank and a gasifier; wherein,
The first air inlet of the compressor is connected with a condenser of the combined cycle unit, the second air inlet of the compressor is respectively connected with an air outlet of the compressed air storage tank and the condenser through the vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is used for pumping air from the condenser and the compressed air storage tank to the compressor, and the compressor is used for compressing air;
The inlet of the separator is connected with the exhaust port of the compressor, the first outlet of the separator is connected with the first inlet of the compressed air storage tank, the second outlet of the separator is connected with the liquid inlet of the liquid air storage tank, and the separator is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on gas-liquid mixed air obtained after being compressed by the compressor, storing the gas air into the compressed air storage tank and storing the liquid air into the liquid air storage tank;
one end of the gasifier is connected with a liquid outlet of the liquid air storage tank, the other end of the gasifier is connected with a second inlet of the compressed air storage tank, and the gasifier is used for exchanging heat with circulating cooling water of the condenser by utilizing liquid air in the liquid air storage tank and storing air formed after heat exchange into the compressed air storage tank;
The system further comprises: the device comprises a condenser, a circulating water pump set and a mechanical ventilation cooling tower, wherein one end of the condenser is connected with one end of the circulating water pump set, the other end of the circulating water pump set is connected with one end of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower, the other end of the mechanical ventilation cooling tower is connected with the other end of the condenser, and the gasifier is arranged below the mechanical ventilation cooling tower; wherein,
The circulating water pump set is used for pumping circulating cooling water in the condenser into the mechanical ventilation cooling tower;
The mechanical ventilation cooling tower is used for ventilating and cooling the circulating cooling water through the gasifier;
The system further comprises: the low-temperature pump is arranged on a pipeline connected with the first air inlet of the compressor at the vacuum air suction outlet of the condenser storage box and used for reducing the temperature of air flowing out of the condenser storage box.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the system comprises a generator, a gas turbine, a waste heat boiler, a steam turbine, a condenser storage box, a condensate pump and a heat sink; the exhaust port of the gas turbine is connected with the air inlet of the waste heat boiler, the exhaust port of the waste heat boiler is connected with the air inlet of the steam turbine, and the exhaust port of the steam turbine is connected with the generator;
the generator is used for generating electricity to drive the compressor to work;
Working medium discharged from an exhaust port of the steam turbine enters the condenser storage tank, exchanges heat with circulating cooling water in the condenser and enters the heat trap;
And the condensate pump is used for pumping working media in the heat trap to the waste heat boiler.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the pressurized liquid pump is arranged on a pipeline connected with the outlet of the liquid air storage tank and the gasifier, and is used for adjusting the flow rate of liquid air entering the gasifier.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the circulating water pump set comprises two water pumps for pumping circulating cooling water to the condenser.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the condenser comprises: the first circulating water pipe bundle, the second circulating water pipe bundle, the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve; wherein,
When the load of the combined cycle unit exceeds a first set value, controlling the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve to be opened so as to enable circulating cooling water to flow through the two areas of the first circulating tube bundle and the second circulating tube bundle; or alternatively
When the load of the combined cycle unit is lower than a second set value, controlling the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve to be closed so as to enable circulating cooling water to flow through any circulating tube bundle area of the first circulating tube bundle and the second circulating tube bundle;
wherein the first set value is greater than the second set value.
6. A cold-end treatment method of a combined cycle unit, characterized in that the method is implemented based on a cold-end treatment system of a combined cycle unit according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising:
Pumping air from the condenser and the compressed air storage tank to the compressor by a vacuum pump to compress the air by the compressor;
the separator is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the gas-liquid mixed air obtained after the air is compressed by the compressor, storing the gaseous air into the compressed air storage tank and storing the liquid air into the liquid air storage tank;
and the gasifier exchanges heat with circulating cooling water of the condenser by utilizing liquid air in the liquid air storage tank, and stores air formed after heat exchange into the compressed air storage tank.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the method further comprises the following cases:
Controlling the gas turbine to stop in a first set period of time, and pulling electricity from a power grid to drive the compressor to produce liquid air and store the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank;
and in a second set period, controlling the gas turbine and the steam turbine to start so as to coaxially drive the compressor through the gas turbine and the steam turbine, and extracting air from the condenser storage tank through the compressor so as to enable the condenser storage tank to form negative pressure.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
When the load of the combined cycle unit exceeds a first set value, the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve are controlled to be opened so that circulating cooling water flows through two areas of the first circulating tube bundle and the second circulating tube bundle; or alternatively
When the load of the combined cycle unit is lower than a second set value, the first bypass valve and the second bypass valve are controlled to be closed, so that circulating cooling water flows through any circulating tube bundle area of the first circulating tube bundle and the second circulating tube bundle;
wherein the first set value is greater than the second set value.
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| US10767515B2 (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2020-09-08 | Stanislav Sinatov | Method for liquid air and gas energy storage |
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| CN213807777U (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-07-27 | 华北理工大学 | Coupling system of thermal power generation system and compressed air energy storage system |
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| CN113931744A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-01-14 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Combined cycle power plant comprehensive cooling system with energy storage device |
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