CN116398408A - Coupling CO 2 Liquid air energy storage system of heat pump and operation method - Google Patents
Coupling CO 2 Liquid air energy storage system of heat pump and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a coupling CO 2 Liquid air energy storage system of heat pump and operation method thereof through CO 2 The heat pump is coupled with the compressed air energy storage and utilizes CO 2 Liquid CO in a heat pump 2 And gaseous CO 2 After the state change in the first circulation loop is used for respectively recovering and storing the heat of the compressed air of the air compression unit, the recovered heat can be utilized in the working stage of the turbine power generation unit, so that the connection of the air compression unit and the turbine power generation unit is realized, and the normal operation of the energy storage process and the energy release process of the liquid air energy storage system is ensured. Therefore, the novel energy power with fluctuation can drive the air compression unit to operate, and meanwhile, the power with stable frequency is output through the turbine power generation unit, so that the storage and conversion of the fluctuation power are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a coupling CO 2 A liquid air energy storage system of a heat pump and an operation method.
Background
Along with the large-scale utilization of new energy, energy storage has become an indispensable link in the global energy transformation process. Particularly in the scenes of large-scale new energy bases and the like, the energy storage technology support with large scale, long time, high efficiency and low cost is more needed. Among the numerous energy storage technologies, it is widely believed that CO is coupled 2 The liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump is obviously one of the most competitive large-scale electric energy storage technical routes, wherein the high-pressure air is liquefied for better storing the compressed air, the volume of a storage container is obviously reduced, and the limit of the topography and the topography to the energy storage system is overcome. But coupling CO in the related art 2 The liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump comprises an air compression unit, an energy storage chamber for storing compressed air and a compressed air working unit, wherein redundant electric power is started up to the air compression unit when electricity is used in a valley, the compressed air is stored, and the stored compressed air is expanded through the compressed air working unit to work and supplement electric power when electricity is used in a peak. Air compression unit in related artThe compressed air power unit is a mechanism which operates independently and not simultaneously. The output electric energy of the existing various wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems and the like is fluctuating electric power, and the narrow application range causes huge energy waste, wherein how to couple the fluctuating electric power with CO 2 The coupling of the liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump, how to store or simultaneously convert the fluctuating power into the power with stable frequency output through the energy storage system is a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
For this purpose, the object of the present application is to propose a coupling CO 2 Liquid air energy storage system of heat pump and operation method thereof through CO 2 The heat pump is coupled with the compressed air energy storage and utilizes CO 2 Liquid CO in a heat pump 2 And gaseous CO 2 After the state change in the first circulation loop is used for respectively recovering and storing the heat of the compressed air of the air compression unit, the recovered heat can be utilized in the working stage of the turbine power generation unit, so that the connection of the air compression unit and the turbine power generation unit is realized, and the normal operation of the energy storage process and the energy release process of the liquid air energy storage system is ensured. Therefore, the novel energy power with fluctuation can drive the air compression unit to operate, and meanwhile, the power with stable frequency is output through the turbine power generation unit, so that the storage and conversion of the fluctuation power are realized.
To achieve the above object, a coupling CO according to the first aspect of the present application 2 A liquid air energy storage system of a heat pump, comprising:
an air compression unit including at least one air compressor for compressing air to generate high pressure air; the air compressor exchanges heat with the first heat exchange unit through the high-pressure air output by the energy storage pipeline to generate liquid air, and the liquid air is stored in the energy storage chamber;
a turbine power generation unit comprising at least one turbine and a generator; the liquid air output by the energy storage chamber is subjected to heat exchange with the first heat exchange unit to generate high-pressure air, and the high-pressure air is output to the turbine through an energy release pipeline to expand and do work and drive the generator to generate electricity; and
the first heat exchange unit comprises CO 2 Heat pump apparatus, said CO 2 The heat pump device comprises a multistage heat exchanger and circulates CO 2 Wherein the multi-stage heat exchanger comprises air/CO 2 Heat exchanger and CO 2 A condenser; the first circulation loop comprises a circulating loop along CO 2 High-pressure compressor and CO with circulation direction set in sequence 2 Condenser, air/CO 2 A heat exchanger and a low pressure compressor; the liquid air output by the energy storage chamber is introduced into the CO 2 Condenser and CO therein 2 Heat exchange; the high-pressure air output by the air compressor is introduced into the air/CO 2 Heat exchanger and CO therein 2 And (5) heat exchange.
In some embodiments, the heat exchange system further comprises a second heat exchange unit, wherein the second heat exchange unit comprises a cold tank, a hot tank and a heat storage passage and a heat release passage, wherein the cold tank and the hot tank are used for storing working medium liquids with different temperatures, and the heat storage passage and the heat release passage are communicated with each other for realizing the circulation of the working medium liquids; the heat storage channel is provided with a first heat exchanger, and before high-pressure air exchanges heat with the first heat exchange unit, the high-pressure air is introduced into the hot side of the first heat exchanger and exchanges heat with working medium liquid output by the cold tank on the cold side of the first heat exchanger; the heat release passage is provided with a second heat exchanger, and the high-pressure air is introduced into the cold side of the second heat exchanger and exchanges heat with working medium liquid output by the hot tank at the hot side of the second heat exchanger before entering the turbine for expansion work.
In some embodiments, an electric heater is disposed on the heat release passage for heating the output working fluid.
In some embodiments, the CO 2 The heat pump device also comprises a circulating CO 2 The second circulation loop is provided with a seventh oil-gas heat exchanger; the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger is positioned at the CO 2 The condenser is directly communicated with the pipeline of the high-pressure compressor; the working medium liquid output by the heat tank exchanges heat with the high-pressure air before entering the turbine and then is introduced intoCO in the seventh oil gas heat exchanger 2 And (5) heat exchange.
In some embodiments, the CO 2 The heat pump device further comprises a heat pump system according to CO 2 The flow direction is set at the CO 2 A second gas-liquid separator downstream of the condenser for separating liquid CO 2 And gaseous CO 2 Separating, wherein a gas output port of the separator is connected with the high-pressure compressor, and a liquid output port of the separator is respectively connected with the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger and the air/CO 2 The cold side of the heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, the air/CO at the input of the second gas-liquid separator and in the first circulation loop 2 The cold side input ends of the heat exchangers are respectively provided with a second pressure reducing valve.
In some embodiments, the air compression unit further comprises a first pressure relief valve and a first gas-liquid separator; wherein the air/CO 2 The first pressure reducing valve is arranged between the output end of the hot side of the heat exchanger and the input end of the first gas-liquid separator; the gas output end of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with the input end of the air compressor; the liquid output end of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with the energy storage chamber.
In some embodiments, the air/CO 2 The cold side of the heat exchanger comprises a first cold side and a second cold side; wherein the CO flowing in the first circulation loop 2 Introducing the air/CO 2 A first cold side of the heat exchanger; the gas output end of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with the air/CO 2 The second cold side of the heat exchanger is in communication.
In some embodiments, a coupling CO is provided 2 The energy storage method of the liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump is used for storing energy of the liquid air energy storage system in any embodiment, and comprises the following steps:
energy storage stage: starting an air compressor by using grid valley electricity or new energy electricity, and generating high-pressure air in air/CO 2 CO in the heat exchanger and in the first circulation loop 2 Generating liquid air at-200deg.C after heat exchange, and storing the liquid airStored in the energy storage chamber;
energy release stage: liquid air in the energy storage chamber is treated in CO 2 CO in condenser and at 540-565 deg.C with high pressure compressor outlet 2 After heat exchange, normal-temperature high-pressure air is generated and is output to the turbine for expansion work through an energy release pipeline;
wherein during the energy storage and release phases of the liquid air energy storage system, the CO in the first circulation loop 2 Is pressurized to 5-7MPa,360-430 deg.C in a low pressure compressor, and then is pressurized to 10-12MPa,540-565 deg.C in a high pressure compressor, and passed through CO 2 The condenser exchanges heat with the liquid air, wherein the CO is output 2 Aeration of air/CO 2 And outputting the heat exchange product to the high-pressure compressor after heat exchange of the heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, the CO 2 CO output by condenser 2 After passing through the pressure reducing valve, the liquid CO enters the second gas-liquid separator and is output 2 Respectively through the air/CO in the first circulation loop 2 The heat exchanger and a seventh oil-gas heat exchanger in the second circulation loop are finally summarized into a high-pressure compressor; gaseous CO in the second gas-liquid separator 2 And the cold side output end of the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger is led.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coupled CO according to an embodiment of the present application 2 A schematic structural diagram of a liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first heat exchange unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coupled CO according to an embodiment of the present application 2 A schematic structural diagram of a liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first heat exchange unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a coupled CO according to an embodiment of the present application 2 A schematic structural diagram of a liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of coupling CO in accordance with an embodiment of the present application 2 A flow chart of an operation method of the liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump;
in the figure, 1, an air compression unit; 11. a first compressor; 12. a second compressor; 13. a third compressor; 14. an energy storage pipeline; 15. a first pressure reducing valve; 16. a first gas-liquid separator;
2. a turbine power generation unit; 21. a first turbine; 22. a second turbine; 23. a third turbine; 24. an energy release pipeline; 25. a throttle valve; 26. a cryogenic pump; 27. a generator;
3. an energy storage chamber;
4. a second heat exchange unit; 41. a cold tank; 42. a hot pot; 43. an oil pump; 44. a heat storage passage; 45. a heat release passage; 46. an electric heater; 47. a first oil-gas heat exchanger; 48. a second oil-gas heat exchanger; 49. a third oil-gas heat exchanger; 410. a fourth oil-gas heat exchanger; 411. a fifth oil-gas heat exchanger; 412. a sixth oil-gas heat exchanger;
5. a first heat exchange unit; 51. air/CO 2 A heat exchanger; 52. CO 2 A condenser; 53. a seventh oil-gas heat exchanger; 54. a high pressure compressor; 55. a second pressure reducing valve; 56. a second gas-liquid separator; 57. a low pressure compressor.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present application include all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Referring to FIG. 1, an embodiment of the present application proposesIs coupled with CO 2 The liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump comprises an air compression unit 1, a turbine power generation unit 2, an energy storage chamber 3 and a first heat exchange unit 5; the air compression unit 1 is used for compressing air and generating high-pressure air, exchanges heat with the first heat exchange unit 5 to generate liquid air, and stores the liquid air in the energy storage chamber 3; when the energy is released, the liquid air in the energy storage chamber 3 is subjected to heat exchange through the first heat exchange unit 5 to generate high-pressure air, and then the high-pressure air is introduced into the turbine power generation unit 2 to expand and do work.
By way of example, the air compression unit 1 comprises at least one air compressor; one or a plurality of air compressors are connected in series through an energy storage pipeline 14, and can sequentially compress air step by step to generate high-pressure air, the high-pressure air is conveyed to the first heat exchange unit 5 through the energy storage pipeline 14, generates liquid air after heat exchange occurs in the first heat exchange unit 5, and stores the liquid air in the energy storage chamber 3, wherein conventional technical means in the field of air compressor compressed air are not repeated. As shown in fig. 1 by way of example, the air compression unit 1 in the present embodiment comprises three air compressors for a cascade, of which the first compressor 11, the second compressor 12 and the third compressor 13 are respectively; the first compressor 11, the second compressor 12 and the third compressor 13 are all communicated by using an energy storage pipeline 14, namely, air entering the first compressor 11 is compressed to generate compressed air, the compressed air is conveyed to the second compressor 12 through the energy storage pipeline 14 to be further compressed to generate compressed air with higher pressure, and the compressed air is conveyed to the third compressor 13 through the energy storage pipeline 14 to be further compressed to generate high-pressure air with higher pressure.
The turbine power generation unit 2 in this embodiment comprises at least one turbine and generator 27; the liquid air output by the energy storage chamber 3 exchanges heat with the first heat exchange unit 5 to generate high-pressure air, and the high-pressure air is output to the turbine through the energy release pipeline 24 to expand and do work and drive the generator 27 to generate electricity.
By way of example, the turbine power generation unit 2 includes one or more turbines and a generator 27; it can be understood that the turbines are connected in series through the energy release pipeline 24, that is, the high-pressure air sequentially enters the turbines through the energy release pipeline 24 to do work, and the turbines rotate to drive the generator 27 to do work to generate electricity, which is not described in detail for the conventional arrangement in the art. As illustrated in fig. 1, the plurality of turbines are a first turbine 21, a second turbine 22, and a third turbine 23, respectively; the first turbine 21, the second turbine 22 and the third turbine 23 are communicated by an energy release pipeline 24, namely, the high-pressure air entering the first turbine 21 is used for doing work and then enters the second turbine 22 for further doing work, the high-pressure air output from the second turbine 22 is used for entering the third turbine 23 for doing work again, and the turbines rotate to drive the generator 27 to do work and generate electricity, so that the high-pressure air energy release electricity generation is realized. The energy release pipeline 24 is provided with a throttle valve 25 and a low-temperature pump 26, that is, before the liquid air output by the energy storage chamber 3 enters the first heat exchange unit 5, the flow of the liquid air entering the first heat exchange unit 5 is adjusted through the throttle valve 25 to ensure the heat exchange effect, and the liquid air is conveyed by the low-temperature pump 26 to ensure that the liquid air can reach higher pressure after being pressurized by the low-temperature pump 26.
In this embodiment, the first heat exchange unit 5, as shown in fig. 2, includes CO 2 Heat pump apparatus in which CO 2 The heat pump device comprises a circulating CO 2 The first circulation loop is provided with a multi-stage heat exchanger; wherein a multi-stage heat exchanger is understood to be a plurality of heat exchangers and comprises air/CO 2 Heat exchanger 51 and CO 2 A condenser 52; wherein the air/CO is known 2 Heat exchanger 51 and CO 2 The condenser 52 includes a hot side and a cold side, and medium of different temperatures is introduced to the hot side and the cold side for heat exchange. The first circulation loop in this embodiment is also provided with a high pressure compressor 54 and a low pressure compressor 57, along with the CO 2 Flow direction, CO 2 Sequentially through a high-pressure compressor 54 and CO 2 Condenser 52, air/CO 2 A heat exchanger 51 and a low pressure compressor 57, and is output from the low pressure compressor 57 and then enters the high pressure compressor 54 to form a cycle, wherein CO in the first cycle loop 2 In liquid CO 2 And gaseous CO 2 Is continuously changed. In particular gaseous CO 2 Enters the low-pressure compressor 57 to be pressurized, enters the high-pressure compressor 54 to be pressurized again to a higher pressure and then is output, and the CO output at the moment 2 Is supercritical gaseous CO 2 And carries a large amount of heat of compression, which is transferred through CO 2 Hot side of condenser 52 and CO 2 The liquid air input from the cold side of the condenser 52 is output after heat exchange, and becomes CO with gas-liquid double phase mixture 2 And into the air/CO 2 The cold side of the heat exchanger 51, the air compressor outputs incoming air/CO 2 The high pressure air heat exchange on the hot side of the heat exchanger 51 effects cooling of the high pressure air heat, wherein air/CO 2 CO output from the heat exchanger 51 2 The high pressure air absorbs heat and changes into gaseous CO at 10-18 DEG C 2 。
Thus in this embodiment by CO 2 The heat pump is coupled with the compressed air energy storage and utilizes CO 2 Liquid CO in a heat pump 2 And gaseous CO 2 After the heat of the compressed air of the air compression unit 1 is recovered and stored respectively in the state change in the first circulation loop, the recovered heat can be utilized in the working stage of the turbine power generation unit 2, so that the connection of the air compression unit 1 and the turbine power generation unit 2 is realized, and the normal operation of the energy storage process and the energy release process of the liquid air energy storage system is ensured. Therefore, the novel energy power with fluctuation can drive the air compression unit 1 to operate, and meanwhile, the power with stable frequency is output through the turbine power generation unit 2, so that the storage and conversion of the fluctuation power are realized.
In some embodiments, the CO is in the first recycle loop 2 Downstream of condenser 52 and air/CO 2 Upstream of the heat exchanger 51, second pressure reducing valves 55 are provided, respectively.
Illustratively, in this embodiment a second pressure relief valve 55 is also provided on the first recirculation loop, wherein along the CO 2 Flow direction, CO 2 Sequentially through a high-pressure compressor 54 and CO 2 Condenser 52, second pressure reducing valve 55, air/CO 2 A heat exchanger 51 and a low pressure compressor 57. Wherein in CO 2 Liquid-two phase mixed CO output from the hot side of condenser 52 2 The low temperature CO with the reduced temperature and pressure of 18-35 ℃ after passing through the second pressure reducing valve 55 2 For introducing inlet air/CO 2 The cold side of the heat exchanger 51 is in contact with air/CO 2 The high pressure air on the hot side of the heat exchanger 51 exchanges heat, thereby effecting cooling of the high pressure air to liquid airAnd (3) air.
In some embodiments, the liquid air energy storage system further comprises a second heat exchange unit 4, wherein the second heat exchange unit 4 is used for storing heat generated by the air compression unit 1 in the process of compressing air, and heating high-pressure air before the high-pressure air enters the turbine power generation unit 2 to do work; the second heat exchange unit 4 includes a cold tank 41, a hot tank 42, a heat storage passage 44, and a heat release passage 45; working medium liquids with different temperatures are stored in the cold tank 41 and the hot tank 42; wherein the input end of the heat storage passage 44 is communicated with the cold tank 41, and the output end thereof is connected with the hot tank 42; the input end of the heat release passage 45 is communicated with the hot tank 42, and the output end of the heat release passage 45 is connected with the cold tank 41, namely working medium liquids with different temperatures are communicated between the cold tank 41 and the hot tank 42 by utilizing the heat storage passage 44 and the heat release passage 45. The heat storage passage 44 is provided with a plurality of first heat exchangers for recovering heat of the high-pressure air by using the working fluid outputted from the cold tank 41 before the high-pressure air exchanges heat with the first heat exchange unit 5. And a plurality of second heat exchangers are arranged on the heat release passage 45 and are used for heating the high-pressure air by using working medium liquid output by the heat tank 42 before the high-pressure air enters the turbine for expansion work, thereby achieving high-efficiency utilization of heat and realizing coupling of CO 2 The purpose of energy-saving operation of the liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump is achieved.
The cold tank 41 and the hot tank 42 are of a tank structure with a certain volume, and are made of heat-insulating high-strength profiles, and an input port and an output port are formed in the tank body, and working medium liquids with different temperatures can be stored in the cold tank 41 and the hot tank 42 respectively, namely, low-temperature working medium liquids are stored in the cold tank 41, and high-temperature working medium liquids are stored in the hot tank 42, wherein the working medium liquids can be heat conducting oil, water and the like. And the heat storage passage 44 and the heat release passage 45 are both communicated between the cold tank 41 and the hot tank 42, and liquid pumps are arranged on the heat storage passage 44 and the heat release passage 45 for pumping working fluid. As shown in fig. 3, the heat storage passage 44 is provided with an oil pump 43, a first oil-gas heat exchanger 47, a second oil-gas heat exchanger 48 and a third oil-gas heat exchanger 49 in this order; and each oil-gas heat exchanger comprises a cold side and a hot side, so that the heat conduction oil output by the cold tank 41 enters the cold side and exchanges heat with the high-pressure air output by the air compressor on the hot side, and the heated heat conduction oil enters the hot tank 42; while the cooled high-pressure air enters the air/CO 2 The heat exchanger 51 and the CO in the first circulation loop 2 The heat exchange can be seen from the above, and will not be described in detail. In the same way, the oil pump 43, the sixth oil-gas heat exchanger 412, the fifth oil-gas heat exchanger 411 and the fourth oil-gas heat exchanger 410 are sequentially arranged on the heat release passage 45, high-pressure air is introduced into the cold sides of the fourth oil-gas heat exchanger 410, the fifth oil-gas heat exchanger 411 and the sixth oil-gas heat exchanger 412 to exchange heat with high-temperature heat conduction oil of which the hot sides are introduced by the heat tank 42, so that the high-pressure air is heated to 150-180 ℃ before entering the turbine device, and heat exchange with the high-pressure air is realized. Therefore, in this embodiment, by the arrangement of the second heat exchange unit 4, heat generated in the operation condition of the air compression unit 1 is fully recovered, and the recovered heat is applied to the operation condition of the turbine power generation unit 2, so that energy loss in the energy storage and energy release processes of the liquid air energy storage system is reduced.
In some embodiments, an electric heater 46 is provided on the heat release passage 45 for heating the output working fluid.
As shown in fig. 5 for example, an electric heater 46 is disposed on the heat release path 45, and the electric heater 46 can heat the passing working fluid and then output the working fluid to the fourth oil-gas heat exchanger 410, the fifth oil-gas heat exchanger 411 and the sixth oil-gas heat exchanger 412.
In some embodiments, the CO 2 The heat pump device also comprises a circulating CO 2 A seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53 is arranged on the second circulation loop; the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53 is located at CO 2 The condenser 52 and the high-pressure compressor 54 are directly connected to the pipeline; the working fluid output by the heat tank 42 exchanges heat with the high-pressure air before entering the turbine and then is introduced into the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53 to exchange with CO 2 And (5) heat exchange.
Illustratively, CO 2 The heat pump device also comprises a circulating CO 2 The second circulation loop of (2) is as shown in FIG. 4, i.e. based on the first circulation loop, CO 2 The heat exchanged CO output from the condenser 52 2 Is divided into two paths, wherein the CO after the first path of heat exchange 2 Intake air/CO 2 The heat exchanger 51 continues with CO 2 Is provided;the second path exchanges heat of CO 2 By CO 2 The condenser 52 and the high pressure compressor 54 are connected directly to the high pressure compressor 54, wherein the refrigerant is CO 2 A seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53 is provided on a pipeline in which the condenser 52 and the high-pressure compressor 54 are directly connected. I.e. CO in the present embodiment 2 The heat pump device comprises a first circulation loop and a second circulation loop, wherein CO in the first circulation loop 2 Sequentially through a high-pressure compressor 54 and CO 2 Condenser 52, air/CO 2 A heat exchanger 51 and a low pressure compressor 57; CO in the second circulation loop 2 Sequentially through a high-pressure compressor 54 and CO 2 A condenser 52 and a seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53, wherein CO 2 Enters the cold side of the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53, and the hot side of the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53 is introduced with working fluid after heat exchange with the high-pressure gas output by the energy storage chamber 3, further cools the working fluid, and is introduced into the cold tank 41. In this embodiment, CO is recycled 2 The arrangement of the second circulation loop of the cooling tank 41 further recovers the waste heat of 65-80 ℃ in the working medium liquid before entering the cooling tank 41, and the recovery utilization rate of the liquid air energy storage system is further improved.
In some embodiments, the CO 2 The heat pump device further comprises a heat pump system according to CO 2 The flow direction is set at CO 2 A second gas-liquid separator 56 downstream of the condenser 52, the second gas-liquid separator 56 being for separating liquid CO 2 And gaseous CO 2 Separated, the gas output port is connected with a high-pressure compressor 54, and the liquid output port is respectively connected with a seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53 and air/CO 2 The cold side of the heat exchanger 51.
Illustratively, CO 2 The heat pump apparatus further comprises a second gas-liquid separator 56, wherein the CO in the first circulation loop 2 In liquid CO 2 And gaseous CO 2 Continuously change in CO 2 CO output from the hot side of condenser 52 2 CO for gas-liquid double phase mixing 2 In CO 2 The hot side output end of the condenser 52 is provided with a second gas-liquid separator 56 for mixing gas and liquid phases of CO 2 Performing liquid CO 2 And gaseous CO 2 Separation can better perform on the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53 and the air/CO 2 In the heat exchanger 51And the working medium liquid and the high-pressure air exchange heat. Specifically, the second gas-liquid separator 56 includes an input port, a gas output port, and a liquid output port, wherein the input port of the second gas-liquid separator 56 is connected with the CO 2 A hot side output end of the condenser 52, a gas output end of which is connected with a cold side output end of the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53; while the liquid outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 56 is respectively communicated with the cold side input end of the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53 and the air/CO 2 The cold side input of the heat exchanger 51.
In some embodiments, the air/CO and the input to the second gas-liquid separator 56 in the first circulation loop 2 The cold side inputs of the heat exchangers 51 are each provided with a second pressure reducing valve 55.
Illustratively, the CO in this embodiment 2 The heat pump device comprises a first circulation loop and a second circulation loop, wherein CO in the first circulation loop 2 Sequentially through a high-pressure compressor 54 and CO 2 Condenser 52, second pressure reducing valve 55, second gas-liquid separator 56, second pressure reducing valve 55, air/CO 2 A heat exchanger 51 and a low pressure compressor 57; CO in the second circulation loop 2 Sequentially through a high-pressure compressor 54 and CO 2 A condenser 52, a second pressure reducing valve 55, a second gas-liquid separator 56, and a seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53. In this embodiment, the second pressure reducing valve 55 is provided to allow CO to pass through the second pressure reducing valve 55 2 Cooling and reducing pressure.
In some embodiments, the air compression unit 1 further comprises a first pressure reducing valve 15 and a first gas-liquid separator 16; wherein air/CO 2 A first pressure reducing valve 15 is arranged between the output end of the hot side of the heat exchanger 51 and the input end of the first gas-liquid separator 16; the gas output end of the first gas-liquid separator 16 is connected with the input end of the air compressor; the liquid output of the first gas-liquid separator 16 is connected to the energy storage chamber 3.
The air compression unit 1 further comprises, by way of example, a first pressure reducing valve 15 and a first gas-liquid separator 16, in which the air/CO is passed 2 The high-pressure air output by the heat exchanger 51 is cooled into liquid air after heat exchange, and the liquid air is depressurized and cooled by the first pressure reducing valve 15, and a small amount of low-temperature flash gas exists at the moment, so that the liquid air is introducedThe liquid air after the pressure reduction by the first pressure reducing valve 15 is led into the first gas-liquid separator 16 again to separate the liquid air from the high-pressure air, and the liquid air is led into the energy storage chamber 3 for storage.
While in some embodiments air/CO 2 The cold sides of the heat exchanger 51 include a first cold side and a second cold side; wherein the CO flowing in the first circulation loop 2 Aeration of air/CO 2 A first cold side of the heat exchanger 51; the gas output of the first gas-liquid separator 16 is connected to air/CO 2 The second cold side of the heat exchanger 51 communicates. I.e. air/CO in this embodiment 2 The cold sides of the heat exchanger 51 include a first cold side and a second cold side, and the high pressure air separated by the first gas-liquid separator 16 can be introduced into the air/CO 2 The second cold side of the heat exchanger 51, with air/CO 2 CO introduced into the first cold side of the heat exchanger 51 2 At the same time, the high-pressure air which is output by the air compressor and exchanges heat with the first heat exchanger is subjected to heat exchange, so that the high-pressure air is converted into liquid air, and the air/CO 2 The high pressure air output from the second cold side of heat exchanger 51 may be passed to an air compressor for recompression. The present embodiment thus enables coupling of CO 2 The energy storage process and the energy release process of the liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump are carried out simultaneously, and CO is commonly used in the energy storage and energy release stage 2 The heat pump is used for air liquefaction refrigeration, recovering the residual temperature of working medium liquid, improving the temperature when high-pressure air is released, overcoming the limitation of topography and topography on gas storage, and has the characteristics of strong use operability, long energy storage time, flexible energy storage, obvious energy-saving effect and the like.
In some embodiments, there is also provided a coupling CO according to the second object of the present application 2 Method for operating a liquid air energy storage system of a heat pump, for coupling CO in any of the embodiments described above 2 Operation of the liquid air energy storage system of the heat pump includes the following steps, as shown in fig. 6:
s1 energy storage stage: starting an air compressor by using grid valley electricity or new energy electricity, and generating high-pressure air in air/CO 2 CO in the heat exchanger 51 and in the first circulation loop 2 Generating liquid air at-200deg.C after heat exchange, and storing the liquid air in a containerAn energy storage chamber 3;
s2, energy release stage: the liquid air in the energy storage chamber 3 is treated with CO 2 CO in condenser 52 at 540-565 ℃ with high pressure compressor outlet 2 After heat exchange, high-pressure air is generated and is output to a turbine for expansion work through an energy release pipeline 24;
wherein during the energy storage and release phases of the liquid air energy storage system, the CO in the first circulation loop 2 Is fed into low-pressure compressor 57 to be pressurized to 5-7MPa and 360-430 deg.C, fed into high-pressure compressor 54 to be pressurized to 10-12MPa and 540-565 deg.C, and fed out by CO 2 The condenser 52 exchanges heat with the liquid air, where the CO is output 2 Aeration of air/CO 2 The heat exchanger 51 exchanges heat and outputs the heat to the high-pressure compressor 54.
As shown in fig. 6, in the energy storage stage of the embodiment, the first compressor 11, the second compressor 12 and the third compressor 13 are started by using grid valley electricity or new energy source electricity, air entering the first compressor 11 is compressed to generate compressed air and is transmitted to the second compressor 12 through the energy storage pipeline 14, meanwhile, the compressed air is subjected to heat exchange by using working medium liquid output by the input cold tank 41 in the first oil-gas heat exchanger 47, and after the compressed air subjected to heat exchange is further compressed to generate compressed air with higher pressure, the compressed air is further compressed to generate high-pressure air with higher pressure by transmitting the compressed air to the third compressor 13 through the energy storage pipeline 14; meanwhile, the second oil-gas heat exchanger 48 and the third oil-gas heat exchanger 49 exchange heat with the high-pressure gas compressed by the second compressor 12 and the third compressor 13, and the working medium liquid is stored in the heat tank 42 after being heated. While the cooled high-pressure air enters the air/CO 2 The hot side of the heat exchanger 51 is in contact with air/CO 2 CO on the first cold side of the heat exchanger 51 2 The heat exchange is carried out, the liquid air enters a first gas-liquid separator 16 after passing through a first pressure reducing valve 15, the first gas-liquid separator 16 separates liquid air from high-pressure air, and the liquid air enters an energy storage chamber 3 for storage; the high pressure air separated by the first gas-liquid separator 16 is re-introduced with air/CO 2 A second cold side of the heat exchanger 51, opposite the incoming air/CO 2 High pressure air on the hot side of the heat exchanger 51 is pre-cooled.
In the energy release phase of the embodiment, the energy storage chamber3 are pressurized by a throttle valve 25 and a cryogenic pump 26 and pumped to the CO 2 The cold side of condenser 52 and the CO therein 2 The high-pressure air is changed into high-pressure air after heat exchange, the high-pressure air exchanges heat with working medium liquid input into the fourth oil-gas heat exchanger 410 before entering the first turbine 21, and enters the first turbine 21 to expand and do work after temperature rise is completed; the high-pressure air output by the first turbine 21 enters the fifth oil-gas heat exchanger 411 to exchange heat with working medium liquid, the high-pressure air enters the second turbine 22 to do further work after the temperature of the high-pressure air is raised, the high-pressure air output by the second turbine 22 enters the sixth oil-gas heat exchanger 412 to exchange heat with the working medium liquid, the high-pressure air enters the third turbine 23 to do further work after the temperature of the high-pressure air is raised, and the turbine rotates to drive the generator 27 to do work to generate electricity, so that the high-pressure air releases energy to generate electricity. And working fluid respectively output from the fourth oil-gas heat exchanger 410, the fifth oil-gas heat exchanger 411 and the sixth oil-gas heat exchanger 412 enters the cold tank 41.
In the present embodiment, CO 2 The circulation rule of (1) is that the circulation is carried out along the first circulation loop: wherein CO in the first recycle loop 2 In liquid CO 2 And gaseous CO 2 Continuously changing, in particular gaseous CO 2 Enters a low-pressure compressor 57 to be pressurized by 5-7MPa, enters a high-pressure compressor 54 to be pressurized again to 10-12MPa and then is output, and the CO output at the moment 2 Is supercritical gaseous CO 2 And carries a large amount of heat of compression, which is transferred through CO 2 Hot side of condenser 52 and CO 2 The liquid air input from the cold side of the condenser 52 is output after heat exchange and is converted into CO with gas-liquid double-phase mixture through the second pressure reducing valve 55 2 Post-entry air/CO 2 The cold side input of the heat exchanger 51 is changed into gaseous CO after heat exchange 2 Is fed to a low pressure compressor 57 and then CO 2 Is the next cycle of the (c).
In some embodiments, the CO 2 CO output from condenser 52 2 After passing through the pressure reducing valve, enters the second gas-liquid separator 56 and outputs liquid CO 2 Respectively through the air/CO in the first circulation loop 2 A heat exchanger 51 and a seventh oil and gas heat exchanger 53 in the second circulation loop, and finally summarized into a high pressure compressor 54; second oneGaseous CO in and output from the gas-liquid separator 56 2 And into the cold side output of seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53.
CO 2 Is circulated along the first circulation loop and the second circulation loop: gaseous CO 2 Enters a low-pressure compressor 57 to be pressurized by 5-7MPa, enters a high-pressure compressor 54 to be pressurized again to 10-12MPa and then is output, and the CO output at the moment 2 Is supercritical gaseous CO 2 And carries a large amount of heat of compression, which is transferred through CO 2 Hot side of condenser 52 and CO 2 The liquid air input from the cold side of the condenser 52 is output after heat exchange and is converted into CO with gas-liquid double-phase mixture through the second pressure reducing valve 55 2 Then enters a second gas-liquid separator 56, and separated gaseous CO 2 Enters the cold side output end of the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53, and liquid CO 2 The cold side input and air/CO respectively to the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger 53 2 The cold side input of the heat exchanger 51 is changed into gaseous CO after heat exchange 2 And is fed into a low pressure compressor 57 and then CO is performed 2 Is the next cycle of the (c).
It should be noted that in the description of the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and further implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present application in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present application.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the application, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. Coupling CO 2 A liquid air energy storage system for a heat pump, comprising:
an air compression unit including at least one air compressor for compressing air to generate high pressure air; the air compressor generates liquid air through heat exchange between high-pressure air output by the energy storage pipeline and the first heat exchange unit, and stores the liquid air in the energy storage chamber;
a turbine power generation unit comprising at least one turbine and a generator; the liquid air output by the energy storage chamber is subjected to heat exchange with the first heat exchange unit to generate high-pressure air, and the high-pressure air is output to the turbine through an energy release pipeline to expand and do work and drive the generator to generate electricity; and the first heat exchange unit comprises CO 2 Heat pump apparatus, said CO 2 The heat pump device comprises a multistage heat exchanger and circulates CO 2 Wherein the multi-stage heat exchanger comprises air/CO 2 Heat exchanger and CO 2 A condenser; the first circulation loop comprises a circulating loop along CO 2 High-pressure compressor and CO with circulation direction set in sequence 2 Condenser, air/CO 2 A heat exchanger and a low pressure compressor; the liquid air output by the energy storage chamber is introduced into the CO 2 Condenser and CO therein 2 Heat exchange; the air compressor outputIs introduced into the air/CO 2 Heat exchanger and CO therein 2 And (5) heat exchange.
2. The liquid air energy storage system of claim 1, further comprising a second heat exchange unit comprising a cold tank storing working fluid at different temperatures, a hot tank, and a heat storage passage and a heat release passage communicating between them to effect flow of working fluid; the heat storage channel is provided with a first heat exchanger which is used for recovering heat of high-pressure air by utilizing working medium liquid output by the cold tank before the high-pressure air exchanges heat with the first heat exchange unit; the heat release passage is provided with a second heat exchanger which is used for heating high-pressure air by utilizing working medium liquid output by the heat tank before the high-pressure air enters the turbine for expansion work.
3. The liquid air energy storage system of claim 2, wherein an electric heater is disposed on the heat release passage for heating the output working fluid.
4. A liquid air energy storage system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the CO 2 The heat pump device also comprises a circulating CO 2 The second circulation loop is provided with a seventh oil-gas heat exchanger; the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger is positioned at the CO 2 The condenser is directly communicated with the pipeline of the high-pressure compressor; the working medium liquid output by the heat tank exchanges heat with high-pressure air before entering the turbine, and then is introduced into the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger to exchange with CO 2 And (5) heat exchange.
5. The liquid air energy storage system of claim 4, wherein said CO 2 The heat pump device further comprises a heat pump system according to CO 2 The flow direction is set at the CO 2 A second gas-liquid separator downstream of the condenser for separating liquid CO 2 And gaseous CO 2 Separated, and the gas output port is connected with the high-pressure compressor,the liquid output port of the air/CO heat exchanger is respectively connected with the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger and the air/CO 2 The cold side of the heat exchanger.
6. The liquid air energy storage system of claim 5, wherein said air/CO is at an input of said second gas-liquid separator and in said first circulation loop 2 The cold side input ends of the heat exchangers are respectively provided with a second pressure reducing valve.
7. The liquid air energy storage system of claim 4, wherein said air compression unit further comprises a first pressure relief valve and a first gas-liquid separator; wherein the air/CO 2 The first pressure reducing valve is arranged between the output end of the hot side of the heat exchanger and the input end of the first gas-liquid separator; the gas output end of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with the input end of the air compressor; the liquid output end of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with the energy storage chamber.
8. The liquid air energy storage system of claim 7, wherein said air/CO 2 The cold side of the heat exchanger comprises a first cold side and a second cold side; wherein the CO flowing in the first circulation loop 2 Introducing the air/CO 2 A first cold side of the heat exchanger; the gas output end of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with the air/CO 2 The second cold side of the heat exchanger is in communication.
9. Coupling CO 2 A method of operating a liquid air energy storage system of a heat pump, characterized by operating a liquid air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
energy storage stage: starting an air compressor by using grid valley electricity or new energy electricity, and generating high-pressure air in air/CO 2 CO in the heat exchanger and in the first circulation loop 2 Generating liquid air after heat exchange, and storing the liquid air in an energy storage chamber;
energy release levelSegment: liquid air in the energy storage chamber is treated in CO 2 CO in condenser and at 540-565 deg.C with high pressure compressor outlet 2 After heat exchange, normal-temperature high-pressure air is generated and is output to the turbine for expansion work through an energy release pipeline;
wherein during the energy storage and release phases of the liquid air energy storage system, the CO in the first circulation loop 2 Is pressurized to 5-7MPa,360-430 deg.C in a low pressure compressor, and then is pressurized to 10-12MPa,540-565 deg.C in a high pressure compressor, and passed through CO 2 The condenser exchanges heat with the liquid air, wherein the CO is output 2 Aeration of air/CO 2 And outputting the heat exchange product to the high-pressure compressor after heat exchange of the heat exchanger.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the CO 2 CO output by condenser 2 After passing through the pressure reducing valve, the liquid CO enters the second gas-liquid separator and is output 2 Respectively through the air/CO in the first circulation loop 2 The heat exchanger and a seventh oil-gas heat exchanger in the second circulation loop are finally summarized into a high-pressure compressor; gaseous CO in the second gas-liquid separator 2 And the cold side output end of the seventh oil-gas heat exchanger is led.
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