CN116397155B - Low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm and low-cost preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm and low-cost preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116397155B CN116397155B CN202310320152.9A CN202310320152A CN116397155B CN 116397155 B CN116397155 B CN 116397155B CN 202310320152 A CN202310320152 A CN 202310320152A CN 116397155 B CN116397155 B CN 116397155B
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular oxygen Chemical compound C.O=O CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0087—Treatment of slags covering the steel bath, e.g. for separating slag from the molten metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C22/00—Alloys based on manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm and a low-cost preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, RH vacuum treatment and continuous casting; adding a low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer to the slag surface for deoxidization after tapping of the converter; and (3) starting decarburization treatment after vacuumizing during RH vacuum treatment, controlling the adding time of the manganese alloy according to the content of C in molten steel, adding all the manganese alloy before the pressure in a vacuum chamber is reduced to 100mbar, controlling the pressure in the vacuum chamber to be less than or equal to 1mbar, stopping decarburization when the content of C in the molten steel is reduced to less than or equal to 0.025%, starting deoxidization alloying, adding a low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer into the slag surface, starting clean circulation treatment after adding the complete alloy for 5 minutes, and breaking the steel. The invention solves the problems of excessive carbon content, poor molten steel cleanliness, low alloy yield, high production cost and the like caused by adopting common alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a low-cost preparation method of low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm and the low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm prepared by adopting the preparation method.
Background
In the smelting process of low-carbon steel, molten steel and slag have high oxidability, particularly low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm, namely carbon steel with C content less than or equal to 0.09%, if common alloy is adopted for deoxidization alloying, the consumed alloy amount is large, the cost is high, the C content can be seriously out of standard, and the use requirement is not met; if common alloy is added in the decarburization process, oxygen in molten steel is used for decarburization, because Al, si and the like in the alloy have certain deoxidization capability, the oxygen content in the molten steel is greatly reduced, the decarburization effect is influenced, the alloy is extremely easy to oxidize, and not only are deoxidized products more, so that the cleanliness of the molten steel is difficult to control and pollute the molten steel, the production flow is prolonged, the production efficiency is low, and the yield of the alloy is influenced.
Therefore, low carbon steel is generally made of ultra-low carbon alloy such as metallic aluminum, metallic manganese, ultra-low carbon ferrosilicon, etc. to prevent the C content in molten steel from rising due to carbon back during alloying.
The price of the ultra-low carbon alloy is relatively high, and the price of the ultra-low carbon alloy is higher than that of a water-swelling ship along with the continuous rising of the price of a large amount of commodity in recent years, so that the steelmaking cost is greatly increased, and the product profit is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-cost preparation method of low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm and low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm prepared by the preparation method, which solves the problems of excessive carbon content, poor molten steel cleanliness, low alloy yield, high production cost caused by adopting common alloy when preparing low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm, and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low-cost production method of low-carbon steel having a carbon content of 900ppm or less, characterized in that the production method comprises the converter smelting, RH vacuum treatment and continuous casting steps performed in this order;
In the converter smelting process, the temperature of molten steel at the end point of a converter is 1640-1690 ℃, the content of C in the molten steel is 0.03-0.08%, the content of O is 0.025-0.075%, and a low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer is added to the slag surface of the molten steel for deoxidization after tapping;
RH vacuum treatment: the molten steel obtained in the converter smelting process is conveyed to an RH station for treatment, a W1 water circulating pump is started to vacuumize a vacuum chamber after a ladle is lifted to a treatment position, decarburization treatment is started, a W2 water circulating pump is started to increase the vacuumized suction force, and the moment of adding the manganese alloy into the molten steel is controlled according to the C content in the molten steel, wherein the feeding speed of the manganese alloy is 300-500 kg/min, an E4 steam pump and an E3 steam pump are sequentially started to increase the vacuumized suction force after the manganese alloy is started to be added, all the manganese alloy is added before the pressure in the vacuum chamber is reduced to 100mbar, an E2 steam pump and an E1 steam pump are sequentially started to increase the vacuumized suction force after the manganese alloy is added to be completely portion, the pressure in the vacuum chamber is controlled to be less than or equal to 1mbar, decarburization is ended when the C content in the molten steel is reduced to be less than or equal to 0.025%, deoxidization alloying is started, wherein the alloy is added into the molten steel when the C content of low carbon steel is less than 300ppm, and the deoxidization alloying is performed, and the carbon content of the low carbon steel is more than or equal to 300ppm is added into the molten steel when deoxidization alloying is performed; adding a low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer into the slag surface during deoxidization alloying, starting a clean cycle treatment after adding the complete alloy for 5min, and breaking and emptying steel after the clean cycle treatment is finished;
Wherein, the 'the timing of adding the manganese alloy into the molten steel according to the content of C in the molten steel' specifically comprises the following steps: if the C content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 0.045%, when the pressure of the vacuum chamber is reduced to 450-550 mbar, adding manganese alloy; the C content of the molten steel is 0.045-0.075 percent, and when the pressure of the vacuum chamber is reduced to 550-650 mbar, manganese alloy is added;
wherein the alloy comprises metallic aluminum and low-carbon low-sulfur ferrosilicon;
continuous casting: and casting the molten steel obtained in the RH vacuum treatment process into a continuous casting blank, and performing protection casting in the whole process.
As a further improvement of an embodiment, the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of CaO, less than or equal to 3% of Al 2O3 15～25％,CaF2 3～8％、SiO2%, less than or equal to 5% of MgO, 25-35% of metallic Al and the balance of unavoidable impurities.
As a further improvement of an embodiment, in the converter smelting process, the addition amount of the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer is 0.5-1.5 kg/t, the bottom blowing flow rate of the ladle is 200-500 NL/min, and the deoxidizing treatment time is 3-5 min.
As a further improvement of an embodiment, in the converter smelting process, molten iron is fed into a converter to be mixed with scrap steel into molten steel, and top-bottom combined blowing is adopted during oxygen blowing decarburization and dephosphorization, wherein the top-blowing flow is 500-700 Nm 3/min, and the bottom-blowing flow is 5-10 Nm 3/min.
As a further improvement of an embodiment, in the RH vacuum treatment procedure, the temperature of molten steel is 1600-1640 ℃, the C content in the molten steel is 0.025-0.075%, the O content is 0.02-0.065%, and the T.Fe content in steel slag is 8-15%.
As a further improvement of one embodiment, in the RH vacuum treatment process, the chemical components of the manganese alloy include, in mass percent: mn 75-85%, C0.8-1.5%, P less than or equal to 0.025%, S less than or equal to 0.020%, and Fe and unavoidable impurities in balance.
As a further improvement of one embodiment, in the RH vacuum treatment process, the chemical components of the manganese alloy include, in mass percent: 80 to 90 percent of Mn, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
As a further improvement of an embodiment, in the RH vacuum treatment procedure, when the manganese alloy is added, the flow rate of the lifting gas is controlled to be 80-120 NL/min, after the manganese alloy is added, the flow rate of the lifting gas is controlled to be 150-200 NL/min after 2-3 min.
As a further improvement of one embodiment, in the RH vacuum treatment step, the O content in the molten steel at the end of decarburization is not more than 0.03%.
As a further improvement of one embodiment, in the RH vacuum treatment process, the dosage of the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer added to the slag surface during alloying is 1.5-2.5 kg/t.
As a further improvement of one embodiment, in the RH vacuum treatment process, the net cycle treatment time is >5min.
As a further improvement of an embodiment, in the RH vacuum treatment procedure, the content of T.Fe in steel slag during tapping is less than or equal to 5 percent.
As a further improvement of an embodiment, the Mn content in the molten steel is 0.1-0.85% when tapping in the RH vacuum treatment process, and the Mn element yield in the manganese alloy is more than or equal to 95%.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a low carbon steel having a carbon content of 900ppm or less, which is produced by the low cost production method of a low carbon steel having a carbon content of 900ppm or less as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The molten steel temperature at the end point of the converter and the C and O content in the molten steel are controlled, and the slag is modified in combination with the end of tapping, so that the molten steel temperature and C, O content in the molten steel when the RH vacuum treatment process enters the station can be stabilized, oxygen blowing in the RH vacuum treatment process is reduced, and the phenomenon that alloy loss is large due to the fact that the O content is too high when decarburization in the RH vacuum treatment process is ended is avoided;
(2) The control of vacuum degree, lifting gas flow, manganese alloy adding time and adding speed and the coordination among all parameters are further combined in the RH vacuum treatment process, so that the reaction of C and O is ensured to be carried out rapidly, the oxidation of Mn is reduced, the substitution of common manganese alloy for metal manganese is realized, the production cost is reduced, the production cost is extremely high, the Mn yield is extremely high, the C brought by the manganese alloy is removed through the control of the vacuum degree of a vacuum chamber, the integral decarburization rate and decarburization effect are ensured, and the low-cost preparation of low-carbon steel with the carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm is realized;
(3) The method further combines the component control of the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer, realizes the modification of slag, reduces the O content in molten steel and slag after alloying in the RH vacuum treatment process, reduces the oxidation of metal aluminum during alloying, reduces the consumption of the metal aluminum, and further reduces the cost.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be further described with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
One embodiment of the invention provides a low-cost preparation method of low-carbon steel with the carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm, namely the carbon content less than or equal to 0.09 percent, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Converter smelting
Molten iron is sent into a converter to be mixed with scrap steel into molten steel, and desilication, dephosphorization, oxygen blowing and decarburization are carried out.
Specifically, the temperature of molten steel at the end point of the converter is 1640-1690 ℃, the content of C in the molten steel is 0.03-0.08%, the content of O is 0.025-0.075%, and a low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer is added to the slag surface of the molten steel after tapping, so that the components of the slag are modified and deoxidized. By controlling the molten steel temperature at the end point of the converter and the contents of C and O in the molten steel and modifying the slag in combination with the end of tapping, the molten steel temperature and C, O content in the molten steel when the RH vacuum treatment process enters the station can be stabilized, oxygen blowing in the RH vacuum treatment process can be reduced, and the phenomenon that alloy loss is large due to the fact that the O content is too high when decarburization in the RH vacuum treatment process is ended can be avoided.
Preferably, the top-bottom combined blowing of the converter is adopted during oxygen blowing decarburization and dephosphorization, the top-blowing flow is 500-700 Nm 3/min, and the bottom-blowing flow is 5-10 Nm 3/min.
Preferably, the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of CaO, less than or equal to 3% of Al 2O3 15～25％,CaF2 3～8％、SiO2%, less than or equal to 5% of MgO, 25-35% of metallic Al and the balance of unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the addition amount of the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer is 0.5-1.5 kg/t, the bottom blowing flow of the ladle during deoxidization is 200-500 NL/min, and the deoxidization treatment time is 3-5 min.
(2) RH vacuum treatment
Vacuum degassing and inclusion removal treatment are carried out by adopting RH circulation degassing equipment.
The embodiment adopts a steam jet-water ring pump system to carry out vacuumizing treatment on a vacuum chamber, wherein the steam jet-water ring pump system comprises a W1 water circulating pump, a W2 water circulating pump, an E1 steam pump, an E2 steam pump, an E3 steam pump and an E4 steam pump, wherein the E1 steam pump, the E2 steam pump, the E3 steam pump and the E4 steam pump are sequentially distributed from far to near according to the distance between the steam jet-water ring pump system and the vacuum chamber.
Specifically, molten steel obtained in the converter smelting process is conveyed to an RH station for treatment, a W1 water circulating pump is started to vacuumize a vacuum chamber after a ladle is jacked to a treatment position, decarburization treatment is started, then a W2 water circulating pump is started to enlarge vacuumizing suction, the time of adding manganese alloy into molten steel is controlled according to the C content in the molten steel, the feeding speed of the manganese alloy is 300-500 kg/min, an E4 steam pump and an E3 steam pump are sequentially started to enlarge vacuumizing suction after the manganese alloy is started to be added, all the manganese alloy is added before the pressure in the vacuum chamber is reduced to 100mbar, an E2 steam pump and an E1 steam pump are sequentially started to enlarge vacuumizing suction after the manganese alloy is completely added, the pressure in the vacuum chamber is controlled to be less than or equal to 1mbar, decarburization is ended when the C content in the molten steel is reduced to be less than or equal to 0.025%, and deoxidization alloying is started, wherein the carbon content of low carbon steel is reduced to be equal to or equal to 0.025%
When the carbon content of the low-carbon steel is more than or equal to 300ppm, adding carbon powder and alloy into the molten steel for deoxidization alloying; and during deoxidization alloying, adding a low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer into the slag surface, adding the complete alloy, starting a clean circulation treatment after 5 minutes, and breaking and emptying steel after the clean circulation treatment is finished.
Wherein, the 'the timing of adding the manganese alloy into the molten steel according to the content of C in the molten steel' specifically comprises the following steps: if the C content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 0.045%, when the pressure of the vacuum chamber is reduced to 450-550 mbar, adding manganese alloy; the C content of the molten steel is 0.045-0.075%, and when the pressure of the vacuum chamber is reduced to 550-650 mbar, the manganese alloy starts to be added.
Wherein the alloy comprises metallic aluminum and low-carbon low-sulfur ferrosilicon.
Preferably, in the low-carbon low-sulfur ferrosilicon, the content of C is less than or equal to 0.01 percent and the content of S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent.
The time, the adding process, the feeding speed and the like of the manganese alloy are controlled by the relation between the carbon-oxygen reaction law and the vacuum degree, the initial reaction condition and the like, so that the time and the speed of the reaction between C and O and the reaction between Mn and O and the yield of Mn are balanced.
Specifically, if the vacuum chamber pressure is high and the vacuum degree is low, the reaction of C and O is weaker, the O content is higher, the local concentration of Mn in the vacuum chamber is higher after the Mn alloy is added, mn and O can react, so that Mn element is oxidized, and the yield is low; if the manganese alloy is added too late, namely after the vacuum degree is lower than 100mbar, the high-speed decarburization period is over, the decarburization reaction rate is influenced by the diffusion mass transfer of the C content to the greatest extent, at the moment, the manganese alloy is added, the pressure of a vacuum chamber can rebound and rise, the C carried in the manganese alloy can lead to carburetion of molten steel, the continuous high-speed decarburization reaction is interrupted, the comprehensive decarburization reaction rate is slowed down, and the time for prolonging the clean cycle treatment is required to further remove the C content to be lower than 0.015%. In addition, the excessive feeding speed of the manganese alloy can cause the excessive local concentration of the manganese alloy, mn is easy to oxidize, and Mn is difficult to reduce into molten steel once oxidized into slag because no bottom blowing stirring exists in the RH vacuum treatment process; and too slow a feeding rate of the manganese alloy may result in a longer smelting cycle.
Further, by controlling the time when all the manganese alloy is added and the pressure condition of the vacuum chamber, the molten steel circulates for 2-3 times before the pressure in the vacuum chamber is reduced to 1mbar, so that the components of the molten steel are uniform, then the pressure in the vacuum chamber is rapidly reduced to less than 1mbar for strong decarburization, C brought by the manganese alloy and original C in the molten steel are removed, and as the O in the molten steel is additionally removed by the C brought by the manganese alloy, the total oxygen content in the molten steel is obviously reduced, and the consumption of metal aluminum in the subsequent alloying is further reduced. The low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer is further added to the ladle slag surface during alloying, so that the oxygen potential of slag can be reduced, the oxidation of subsequent slag to alloy elements is reduced, and the alloy yield is further improved.
Preferably, when the RH vacuum refining process enters a station, the temperature of molten steel is 1600-1640 ℃, the C content in the molten steel is 0.025-0.075%, the O content in the molten steel is 0.02-0.065%, and the T.Fe content in steel slag is 8-15%.
Preferably, the chemical components of the manganese alloy comprise, in mass percent: mn 75-85%, C0.8-1.5%, P less than or equal to 0.025%, S less than or equal to 0.020%, and Fe and unavoidable impurities in balance.
Or the chemical components of the manganese alloy comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 80 to 90 percent of Mn, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of CaO, less than or equal to 3% of Al 2O3 15～25％,CaF2 3～8％、SiO2%, less than or equal to 5% of MgO, 25-35% of metallic Al and the balance of unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, when the manganese alloy is added, the flow rate of the lifting gas is controlled to be 80-120 NL/min, 2-3 min after the manganese alloy is added, and then the flow rate of the lifting gas is controlled to be 150-200 NL/min.
Further, by keeping the vacuum chamber in a proper pressure state and controlling the flow of the lifting gas at a lower level when the manganese alloy is added, the molten steel circulation rate is slower, and the time of the manganese alloy in the vacuum chamber is prolonged, so that the reaction between C and O is obviously stronger than the reaction between Mn and O, the oxidation of Mn is reduced, the yield of manganese is improved, and meanwhile, the removal of C carried by the manganese alloy is promoted.
Preferably, in the RH vacuum treatment step, the O content in the molten steel at the end of decarburization is controlled to be not more than 0.03%.
Preferably, in the RH vacuum treatment step, the dosage of the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer added to the slag surface during alloying is 1.5-2.5 kg/t.
Preferably, in the RH vacuum treatment process, the net cycle treatment time is >5min.
Preferably, the T.Fe content in the steel slag is less than or equal to 5% when tapping in the RH vacuum treatment process.
Through detection, the Mn content in molten steel is 0.1-0.85% during tapping in RH vacuum treatment process, and the Mn element yield in manganese alloy is more than or equal to 95%.
(3) Continuous casting
And casting the molten steel obtained in the RH vacuum refining process into a continuous casting blank, and performing protection casting in the whole process.
Through detection, the Mn content in the obtained continuous casting billet is 0.1-0.85%.
In summary, the invention can stabilize the molten steel temperature and C, O content in molten steel when the RH vacuum treatment process enters the station by controlling the molten steel temperature at the end point of the converter and the C and O content in the molten steel and modifying the slag in combination with the end of tapping, reduce oxygen blowing in the RH vacuum treatment process and avoid great alloy loss caused by overhigh O content when decarburization is ended in the RH vacuum treatment process; the control of vacuum degree, lifting gas flow, manganese alloy adding time and adding speed and the coordination among all parameters are further combined in the RH vacuum treatment process, so that the reaction of C and O is ensured to be carried out rapidly, the oxidation of Mn is reduced, the substitution of common manganese alloy for metal manganese is realized, the production cost is reduced, the Mn yield is extremely high, the C brought by the manganese alloy is removed through the control of the vacuum degree of a vacuum chamber, the integral decarburization rate and decarburization effect are ensured, and the low-cost preparation of low-carbon steel with the carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm is realized; the method further combines the component control of the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer, realizes the modification of slag, reduces the O content in molten steel and slag after alloying in the RH vacuum treatment process, reduces the oxidation of metal aluminum during alloying, reduces the consumption of the metal aluminum, and further reduces the cost.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of one embodiment of the present invention more clear, the present embodiment will be further described with reference to examples 1 to 7 according to one embodiment of the present invention. It is apparent that embodiments 1 to 7 described are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Specifically, 7 examples each produced a low carbon steel having a carbon content of 900ppm or less according to the low cost production method of the present invention.
(1) Converter smelting
Molten iron is sent into a converter of 180t and mixed with scrap steel into molten steel, and desilication, dephosphorization, oxygen blowing and decarburization are carried out. The top-bottom combined blowing of the converter is adopted during oxygen decarburization and dephosphorization, and the top-blowing flow and the bottom-blowing flow are respectively shown in table 1; the temperature of the molten steel at the end point of the converter, the content of C and the content of O in the molten steel are shown in table 1; and after tapping, adding a low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer into the slag surface of the molten steel to deoxidize, wherein the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of CaO, less than or equal to 3% of Al 2O3 15～25％,CaF2 3～8％、SiO2%, less than or equal to 5% of MgO, 25-35% of metallic Al and the balance of unavoidable impurities; the addition amount of the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer, the bottom blowing flow of the ladle during deoxidization and the deoxidization treatment time are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
(2) RH vacuum treatment
Vacuum degassing and inclusion removal treatment are carried out by adopting RH circulation degassing equipment, and vacuum pumping treatment is carried out on the vacuum chamber by adopting a steam jet-water ring pump system. The steam jet-water ring pump system comprises a W1 water circulating pump, a W2 water circulating pump, an E1 steam pump, an E2 steam pump, an E3 steam pump and an E4 steam pump, wherein the E1 steam pump, the E2 steam pump, the E3 steam pump and the E4 steam pump are sequentially distributed from far to near according to the distance between the E1 steam pump, the E2 steam pump, the E3 steam pump and the E4 steam pump and the vacuum chamber.
Specifically, molten steel obtained in the converter smelting process is transported to an RH station for treatment, and the temperature of molten steel, the content of C and O in the molten steel and the content of T.Fe in steel slag at the time of entering the station are shown in Table 3.
The ladle is lifted to a treatment position, then a W1 water circulating pump is started to vacuumize a vacuum chamber, decarburization treatment is started, then a W2 water circulating pump is started to increase the vacuumizing suction force, the time for adding the manganese alloy into the molten steel is controlled according to the content of C in the molten steel, the chemical components of the manganese alloy are shown in a table 4 in percentage by mass, the adding time, the adding amount and the adding speed of the manganese alloy and the flow of lifting gas when the manganese alloy is added are shown in a table 5, an E4 steam pump and an E3 steam pump are sequentially started to further increase the vacuumizing suction force after the manganese alloy is added, all the manganese alloy is added before the pressure in the vacuum chamber is reduced to 100mbar, the lifting gas flow is increased after a period of time after the manganese alloy is added in the complete part, the passing time and the lifting gas flow are respectively shown in Table 6, an E2 steam pump and an E1 steam pump are sequentially started after all manganese alloy is added, the vacuumizing suction force is further increased, the pressure in a vacuum chamber is controlled to be less than or equal to 1mbar, the O content in molten steel is shown in Table 6 when decarburization is finished, and deoxidization alloying is started after decarburization is finished, wherein alloy is added into molten steel for deoxidization alloying when the carbon content of low carbon steel is less than 300ppm, carbon powder and alloy are added into molten steel for deoxidization alloying when the carbon content of low carbon steel is more than or equal to 300ppm, the alloy comprises metallic aluminum and low carbon low sulfur ferrosilicon, and in the low carbon low sulfur ferrosilicon, the C content is less than or equal to 0.01 percent and the S content is less than or equal to 0.005 percent.
Adding a low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer to the slag surface during alloying, wherein the addition amount of the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer is shown in table 6; and after the complete alloy is added, the clean cycle treatment is started after 5 minutes, steel is broken and vacated after the clean cycle treatment is finished, and the clean cycle treatment time and the T.Fe content in the steel slag during tapping are shown in Table 6.
The low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of CaO, less than or equal to 3% of Al 2O315～25％,CaF2 3～8％、SiO2%, less than or equal to 5% of MgO, 25-35% of metallic Al and the balance of unavoidable impurities.
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
The chemical composition of the molten steel when tapping in the RH vacuum treatment step is detected as shown in Table 7 in mass percent, and the yield of Mn element in the manganese alloy is shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7
(3) Continuous casting
And casting the molten steel obtained in the RH vacuum refining process into a continuous casting blank, and performing protection casting in the whole process.
It should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is for clarity only, and that the skilled artisan should recognize that the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.
The above detailed description is merely illustrative of possible embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the invention are intended to be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. The low-cost preparation method of the low-carbon steel with the carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm is characterized by comprising the following working procedures of converter smelting, RH vacuum treatment and continuous casting sequentially;
In the converter smelting process, the temperature of molten steel at the end point of a converter is 1640-1690 ℃, the content of C in the molten steel is 0.03-0.08%, the content of O is 0.025-0.075%, and a low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer is added to the slag surface of the molten steel for deoxidization after tapping;
RH vacuum treatment: carrying out treatment on molten steel obtained in a converter smelting process to an RH station, lifting the steel ladle to a treatment position, starting a W1 water circulating pump to vacuumize a vacuum chamber, starting decarburization treatment, starting a W2 water circulating pump to increase vacuumizing suction, controlling the moment of adding manganese alloy into molten steel according to the C content in the molten steel, wherein the feeding speed of the manganese alloy is 300-500 kg/min, starting an E4 steam pump and an E3 steam pump to increase vacuumizing suction after the manganese alloy is started to be added, adding all the manganese alloy before the pressure in the vacuum chamber is reduced to 100mbar, starting an E2 steam pump and an E1 steam pump to increase vacuumizing suction after the manganese alloy is completely added, controlling the pressure in the vacuum chamber to be less than or equal to 1mbar, ending decarburization when the C content in the molten steel is reduced to be less than or equal to 0.025%, starting deoxidization alloying, controlling the flow of lifting gas to be 80-120 NL/min when the manganese alloy is added, and controlling the flow of lifting gas to be 150-200 NL/min after the manganese alloy is added; when the carbon content of the low-carbon steel is less than 300ppm, adding alloy into molten steel for deoxidization alloying, and when the carbon content of the low-carbon steel is more than or equal to 300ppm, adding carbon powder and alloy into the molten steel for deoxidization alloying; adding a low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer into the slag surface during deoxidization alloying, starting a clean cycle treatment after adding the complete alloy for 5min, and breaking and emptying steel after the clean cycle treatment is finished;
Wherein, the 'the timing of adding the manganese alloy into the molten steel according to the content of C in the molten steel' specifically comprises the following steps: if the C content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 0.045%, when the pressure of the vacuum chamber is reduced to 450-550 mbar, adding manganese alloy; when the content of molten steel C is 0.045-0.075%, and the pressure of the vacuum chamber is reduced to 550-650 bar, manganese alloy is added;
The alloy comprises metal aluminum and low-carbon low-sulfur ferrosilicon, wherein the content of C in the low-carbon low-sulfur ferrosilicon is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the content of S is less than or equal to 0.005%;
the manganese alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 75-85% of Mn, 0.8-1.5% of C, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, less than or equal to 0.020% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities; or the chemical components of the manganese alloy comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 80-90% of Mn, 0.2-0.6% of C, less than or equal to 0.02% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
Continuous casting: casting molten steel obtained in the RH vacuum treatment process into a continuous casting blank, and performing protection casting in the whole process;
In the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer, the content of Al 2O3 is 15-25%, and the content of metal Al is 25-35%.
2. The low-cost preparation method of low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm according to claim 1, wherein the chemical components of the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer comprise, in mass percent: 30-40% of CaO, less than or equal to 3% of Al 2O3 15~25%,CaF2 3~8%、SiO2%, less than or equal to 5% of MgO, 25-35% of metal Al and the balance of unavoidable impurities.
3. The low-cost preparation method of low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm, which is characterized in that in the converter smelting process, the addition amount of the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer is 0.5-1.5 kg/t, the bottom blowing flow rate of a ladle is 200-500 NL/min, and the deoxidizing treatment time is 3-5 min.
4. The low-cost preparation method of low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm, which is characterized in that in the converter smelting process, molten iron is fed into a converter to be mixed with scrap steel into molten steel, top-bottom combined blowing is adopted during oxygen blowing decarburization and dephosphorization, the top blowing flow is 500-700 Nm 3/min, and the bottom blowing flow is 5-10 Nm 3/min.
5. The method for low-cost production of low-carbon steel having a carbon content of 900ppm or less according to claim 1, wherein in the RH vacuum treatment step, the temperature of molten steel is 1600 to 1640 ℃ at the time of arrival, the C content in the molten steel is 0.025 to 0.075%, the O content is 0.02 to 0.065%, and the T.Fe content in steel slag is 8 to 15%.
6. The method for low-cost production of a low-carbon steel having a carbon content of 900ppm or less according to claim 1, wherein the O content in the molten steel at the end of decarburization in the RH vacuum treatment step is 0.03% or less.
7. The method for low-cost production of low-carbon steel having a carbon content of 900ppm or less according to claim 1, wherein the dosage of the low-aluminum slag surface deoxidizer added to the slag surface during alloying in the RH vacuum treatment step is 1.5 to 2.5kg/t.
8. The method for low-cost production of low-carbon steel having a carbon content of 900ppm or less according to claim 1, wherein the RH vacuum treatment step has a net cycle treatment time of >5min.
9. The method for low-cost production of low-carbon steel having a carbon content of 900ppm or less according to claim 1, wherein the content of t.fe in the steel slag at the time of tapping is 5% or less in the RH vacuum treatment step.
10. The low-cost production method of low-carbon steel with carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm according to claim 1, wherein the Mn content in molten steel is 0.1-0.85% when tapping in the RH vacuum treatment process, and the Mn element yield in manganese alloy is more than or equal to 95%.
11. The low-carbon steel with the carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm is characterized by being prepared by adopting the low-cost preparation method of the low-carbon steel with the carbon content less than or equal to 900ppm according to any one of claims 1-10.
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