CN116395646A - Tellurium ingot casting method - Google Patents
Tellurium ingot casting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116395646A CN116395646A CN202310272944.3A CN202310272944A CN116395646A CN 116395646 A CN116395646 A CN 116395646A CN 202310272944 A CN202310272944 A CN 202310272944A CN 116395646 A CN116395646 A CN 116395646A
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- tellurium
- casting
- ingot
- cover body
- cavity
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- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000037228 dieting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B19/00—Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
- C01B19/02—Elemental selenium or tellurium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal casting, and discloses a tellurium ingot casting method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: casting liquid tellurium into a mold; step 2: conveying the die, and protecting and cooling by flowing nitrogen in the conveying process; step 3: taking out tellurium ingots in the mould; in the step 1, the temperature of tellurium in the die is 300-400 ℃; in the step 2, the conveying time T is 15-25 min, the nitrogen flow rate is 12-20 m/s, and the cooling rate of tellurium in the die is 16-20 ℃/min in the first 15 min. The nitrogen flow is limited, so that the cooling speed of the tellurium ingot before the tellurium ingot reaches the demolding temperature is controlled, and the surface of the produced tellurium ingot is flat and has no cracks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal casting, and particularly relates to a tellurium ingot casting method.
Background
The metal ingot is widely used in the fields of high-purity metal preparation, organic metal vapor deposition, organic metal preparation and the like, the prepared seed locking product is widely applied to the fields of high-precision science and technology such as aerospace, semiconductors, infrared and the like, and the quality of the metal ingot is particularly important as a necessary semi-finished product raw material.
The tellurium ingot is used as a raw material source of thermoelectric materials, refrigerating materials and infrared materials, and the quality requirement is high.
In the industrial production, metal ingots are cast through a casting process, and Chinese patent 201420515733.4 discloses an automatic metal silicon casting production line which comprises a ladle tilting device, a frame, a conveying system, a cooling system and a plurality of ingot molds, wherein the conveying system is supported on the frame, two sides of each ingot mold are respectively connected with the conveying system, a launder is arranged below the ladle tilting device, and the outlet end of the launder corresponds to the inner cavity of at least one ingot mold; the cooling system comprises a spraying device and a plurality of cooling press rollers, the spraying device comprises a plurality of first cooling pipes and a plurality of second cooling pipes, and the cooling press rollers are arranged above the conveying system; one side of the conveying system, which is far away from the tipping device, is provided with a demoulding rear conveying device, a discharge hole of the demoulding rear conveying device is provided with a finished product bin, a material level instrument, a temperature measuring instrument and a third cooling pipe are arranged in the finished product bin, and a full-automatic weighing and packaging machine is arranged below the finished product bin.
The combination of the tilting device, the conveying system, the cooling system and the ingot mould ensures that molten metal liquid is poured into the ingot mould and then is cooled and formed step by step to form a metal ingot, the automation degree is high, the labor intensity of workers is effectively reduced, the shape and the size of products are consistent, the casting production line with good casting effect is provided, and the cooling of the molten metal liquid in the ingot mould is accelerated by means of air cooling, nitrogen, water cooling and the like, so that the cooling effect is good;
however, when the technical scheme of the patent is used for producing tellurium ingots, the tellurium liquid in a high temperature state is easy to generate an oxide layer when contacting with external oxygen, and the patent cools the tellurium liquid and simultaneously enables a plurality of layers of oxide layers to exist in the formed tellurium ingot, so that the inside of the tellurium ingot is relatively fragile, and is easy to crack, and the quality of the tellurium ingot is seriously affected.
In view of this technical problem, chinese patent 202123266142.7 discloses a nitrogen-oxygen-free cooling system for casting products, comprising: the anaerobic environment box body is arranged on the main body support, a first accommodating chamber is formed in the anaerobic environment box body, a second accommodating chamber is formed in the main body support, the first accommodating chamber is communicated with the second accommodating chamber to form a through chamber, two groups of cooling structures are arranged in the through chamber, and bottoms of the two groups of cooling structures are respectively arranged on two side walls of the main body support; at least one oxygen overflow valve is arranged at the top of the anaerobic environment box body; the anaerobic environment box body is used for providing anaerobic environment for the cast product and avoiding the oxidation of the surface of the product caused by the reaction of the product with oxygen in the air in the cooling process.
The whole casting box body is in an anaerobic environment through nitrogen, the nitrogen flow can be regulated according to the cast product, the operation is flexible, the generation of an oxide layer in the cooling process of tellurium ingots can be avoided, and the quality of tellurium ingots is effectively ensured.
However, the above patent does not disclose a specific method of nitrogen cooling, and in actual production, the cooling rate of the tellurium ingot is a critical factor when casting a large amount of tellurium ingots: if the tellurium ingot surface is cooled too fast, the tellurium ingot surface starts to solidify in the cooling process, but the temperature inside the tellurium ingot is too high, and the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the tellurium ingot is too large, so that stress is generated on the surface when the tellurium ingot is cooled, and the surface is cracked; however, if the surface of the tellurium ingot is cooled too slowly, the production efficiency of the tellurium ingot is seriously affected.
Therefore, in the tellurium ingot casting process, reasonably controlling the cooling speed of the tellurium ingot surface becomes a technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a tellurium ingot casting method, so as to solve the problem that in the prior art, the cooling speed of the tellurium ingot is too high or too low in the process of casting the tellurium ingot, so that the quality of the tellurium ingot is reduced.
Based on the above object, the present invention provides a tellurium ingot casting method, comprising the steps of:
step 1: casting liquid tellurium into a mold;
step 2: conveying the die, and protecting and cooling by flowing nitrogen in the conveying process;
step 3: taking out tellurium ingots in the mould;
in the step 1, the temperature of tellurium in the die is 300-400 ℃;
in the step 2, the conveying time T is 15-25 min, the nitrogen flow rate is 12-20 m/s, and the cooling rate of tellurium in the die is 15-20 ℃/min in the first 15 min.
Preferably, in the step 1, the casting speed of tellurium is 35-45g/s; the temperature of tellurium liquid before casting is 300-400 ℃.
Preferably, in step 2, the temperature of tellurium in the mold is 130 to 180 ℃ when the conveying time is 1/2T.
Preferably, the mold has a draft angle; and (3) demolding the tellurium ingot obtained in the step (3) through a turnover mold.
More preferably, casting is performed using the following system:
the tellurium ingot casting system comprises a casting ladle and a cover body, wherein the casting ladle is arranged on the cover body, a casting opening penetrating into the cover body is formed in the bottom of the casting ladle, a first conveying line is arranged in the cover body, a plurality of stations are arranged on the first conveying line, each station is provided with a die, and the casting opening is positioned above one of the dies at one end of the first conveying line; the one end that the cover body is close to the gate is provided with the nitrogen pipe that is used for blowing nitrogen gas toward the cover body, the one end that the cover body kept away from the gate is provided with the blast pipe, the cover body is internal to be provided with oxygen detecting instrument.
Further, still be provided with baffle and second transfer chain in the cover body, baffle and second transfer chain set up in the one end below that the sprue gate was kept away from to first transfer chain, the baffle is used for guiding the tellurium ingot to the second on-line.
Further, one end of the first conveying line, which is far away from the pouring gate, is provided with a beating hammer for beating the edge of the die.
Further, a cavity is arranged in the pouring ladle, a top opening of the cavity is a liquid inlet, and the pouring opening is arranged at the bottom of the cavity.
Further, a driving motor and a plug rod are arranged above the cavity, and the driving motor drives the plug rod to enable the pouring opening to be closed or opened; the pouring ladle is also provided with a liquid level probe which is arranged at a preset liquid level height in the cavity and is linked with the driving motor.
Further, a heating wire and a temperature probe are further arranged in the pouring ladle, the detection end of the temperature probe stretches into the cavity, and the heating wire is arranged outside the cavity in a surrounding mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:
(1) The nitrogen flow is limited, so that the cooling speed of the tellurium ingot before reaching the demolding temperature is controlled, and the surface of the produced tellurium ingot is flat and has no cracks;
(2) The tellurium ingot casting system can be used for more rapidly and continuously producing tellurium ingots by matching with the tellurium ingot casting method, and the automation degree is high.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples;
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a casting ladle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a front view of the internal structure of the cover body of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the internal structure of the housing of the embodiment of the present invention;
1. pouring ladle, 2, driving motor, 3, stopper, 4, heater strip, 5, liquid level probe, 6, temperature probe, 7, cavity, 8, pouring gate, 9, ladle, 10, passageway, 11, cover body, 12, first transfer chain, 13, mould, 14, baffle, 15, second transfer chain, 16, beating hammer, 17, nitrogen pipe, 18, oxygen detector, 19, blast pipe.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different aspects of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the invention provides a tellurium ingot casting system, which comprises a casting ladle 1 and a cover body 11, wherein the casting ladle 1 is arranged on the cover body 11, a casting opening 8 penetrating into the cover body 11 is arranged at the bottom of the casting ladle 1, a first conveying line 12 is arranged in the cover body 11, 45 stations are arranged on the first conveying line 12, a die 13 is arranged on each station, and the casting opening 8 is positioned above one of the dies 13 at one end of the first conveying line 12; the one end that is close to the sprue gate 8 of the cover body 11 is provided with the nitrogen pipe 17 that is used for blowing nitrogen gas towards the cover body 11, the one end that is away from the sprue gate 8 of the cover body 11 is provided with blast pipe 19.
In practical application, before casting tellurium ingots, nitrogen is introduced into the cover 11 through the nitrogen pipe 17 to extrude air in the cover 11 from the exhaust pipe 19, and after the nitrogen is introduced for a period of time, the cover 11 is in a low-oxygen environment or even in an anaerobic environment; pouring molten tellurium liquid into the mold 13 on the 1 st station from the pouring opening 8 of the pouring ladle 1, starting the first conveying line 12 to move so that the mold 13 filled with the tellurium liquid advances one station, and repeating the steps one by one so that the mold 13 above the first conveying line 12 is filled with the tellurium liquid; in the process, tellurium liquid in the mold 13 is purged and cooled by nitrogen in the advancing process, a formed tellurium ingot is slowly cooled and reaches a demolding temperature, and then the tellurium ingot which is already positioned on the 21 st station falls off from the mold 13 downwards under the dead weight under the overturning of the first conveying line 12; and the operation is circulated to realize continuous casting production of tellurium ingots.
Preferably, an oxygen detector 18 is further disposed in the cover 11 to confirm that the oxygen concentration in the cover 11 is lower than the requirement required for casting tellurium ingots, so as to ensure that the oxygen concentration cannot cause an oxide layer in the cooling process of tellurium liquid.
Preferably, a cavity 7 is provided in the pouring ladle 1, the top of the cavity 7 is open and is a liquid inlet, and the pouring opening 8 is provided at the bottom of the cavity 7.
More preferably, a driving motor 2 and a stopper rod are arranged above the cavity 7, and the driving motor 2 drives the stopper rod 3 to enable the pouring gate 8 to be closed or opened; the pouring ladle 1 is also provided with a liquid level probe 5, and the liquid level probe 5 is arranged at a preset liquid level height in the cavity 7 and is linked with the driving motor 2.
In practical application, in order to ensure that the weight of tellurium liquid on each mold 13 is consistent, a driving motor 2 is used for driving a plug rod to close a pouring gate 8, then molten tellurium liquid is guided from an external ladle 9 through a channel 10 to enter a cavity 7 from the liquid inlet, when a liquid level probe 5 in the cavity 7 detects that tellurium liquid in the cavity 7 reaches a preset liquid level, pouring of tellurium liquid by the ladle 9 is stopped, then the plug rod is driven to open the pouring gate 8, and tellurium liquid in the cavity 7 is poured into the mold 13 from the pouring gate 8.
The following examples and comparative examples were each cast using the tellurium ingot casting system of example 1.
Example 2
A tellurium ingot is prepared by the following steps:
step 1: casting 3kg of liquid tellurium into a mold, wherein the temperature of tellurium in the mold is 350 ℃;
step 2: the mould is transported for 25min, and in the transportation process, nitrogen is introduced into the mould for protection and cooling at a speed of 16 ℃/min for the first 15 min;
step 3: and taking out the tellurium ingot in the mould.
Example 3
A tellurium ingot is prepared by the following steps:
step 1: casting 3kg of liquid tellurium into a mold, wherein the temperature of tellurium in the mold is 350 ℃;
step 2: conveying the die for 15min, and introducing nitrogen at a speed of 20m/s for protection and cooling in the conveying process so that the cooling speed of the die is 20 ℃/min;
step 3: and taking out the tellurium ingot in the mould.
Example 4
A tellurium ingot is prepared by the following steps:
step 1: casting 3kg of liquid tellurium into a mold, wherein the temperature of tellurium in the mold is 350 ℃;
step 2: the mould is transported for 20min, and in the transportation process, nitrogen is introduced into the mould for protection and cooling at a speed of 17m/s so that the cooling speed of the mould is 18 ℃/min for the first 15 min;
step 3: and taking out the tellurium ingot in the mould.
Comparative example 1
A tellurium ingot is prepared by the following steps:
step 1: casting 3kg of liquid tellurium into a mold, wherein the temperature of tellurium in the mold is 350 ℃;
step 2: the mould is transported for 25min, and in the transportation process, nitrogen is introduced into the mould for protection and cooling at a speed of 22 ℃/min for the first 15 min;
step 3: taking out tellurium ingots in the mould;
results: the surface of the tellurium ingot is cracked, which is caused by the fact that the surface of the tellurium ingot starts to solidify in the cooling process, but the temperature inside the tellurium ingot is too high, and the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the tellurium ingot is too large, so that the surface generates stress when the tellurium ingot is cooled, and the surface is cracked.
From the results of examples 2-4 and comparative example 1, it is seen that too fast a nitrogen purge can cause quality problems of cracking during the formation of tellurium liquid in the mold; the production efficiency of the whole production line can be influenced by too slow nitrogen purging, and the casting efficiency of tellurium ingots is reduced; according to the technical scheme, the cooling forming speed of 15min before tellurium liquid is controlled by controlling the nitrogen purging flow, so that the tellurium ingot can be smoothly demoulded, and meanwhile, the quality of the tellurium ingot is ensured.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A tellurium ingot casting method, comprising the steps of:
step 1: casting liquid tellurium into a mold;
step 2: conveying the die, and protecting and cooling by flowing nitrogen in the conveying process;
step 3: taking out tellurium ingots in the mould;
in the step 1, the temperature of tellurium in the die is 300-400 ℃;
in the step 2, the conveying time T is 15-25 min, the nitrogen flow rate is 12-20 m/s, and the cooling rate of tellurium in the die is 16-20 ℃/min in the first 15 min.
2. The tellurium ingot casting method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the casting speed of tellurium is 35-45g/s; the temperature of tellurium liquid before casting is 300-400 ℃, and the casting quantity of tellurium liquid in a die is 3kg.
3. The tellurium ingot casting method of claim 1, wherein in step 2, the temperature of tellurium in the mold is 130-180 ℃ when the conveying time is 1/2T.
4. The tellurium ingot casting method of claim 1, wherein the mold has a draft angle; and (3) demolding the tellurium ingot obtained in the step (3) through a turnover mold.
5. The tellurium ingot casting method of claim 1, wherein casting is performed using the following system:
the tellurium ingot casting system comprises a casting ladle and a cover body, wherein the casting ladle is arranged on the cover body, a casting opening penetrating into the cover body is formed in the bottom of the casting ladle, a first conveying line is arranged in the cover body, a plurality of stations are arranged on the first conveying line, each station is provided with a die, and the casting opening is positioned above one of the dies at one end of the first conveying line; the one end that the cover body is close to the gate is provided with the nitrogen pipe that is used for blowing nitrogen gas toward the cover body, the one end that the cover body kept away from the gate is provided with the blast pipe, the cover body is internal to be provided with oxygen detecting instrument.
6. The method of casting a tellurium ingot according to claim 5, wherein a guide plate and a second conveyor line are further provided in the housing, the guide plate and the second conveyor line being provided below an end of the first conveyor line remote from the gate, the guide plate being for guiding the tellurium ingot onto the second conveyor line.
7. The tellurium ingot casting method of claim 5, wherein an end of the first conveyor line remote from the gate is provided with a tap hammer for tapping the edge of the mold.
8. The tellurium ingot casting method of claim 5, wherein a cavity is provided in the ladle, the top opening of the cavity is a liquid inlet, and the casting opening is provided at the bottom of the cavity.
9. The tellurium ingot casting method of claim 8, wherein a driving motor and a stopper rod are provided above the cavity, the driving motor driving the stopper rod to close or open the pouring opening; the pouring ladle is also provided with a liquid level probe which is arranged at a preset liquid level height in the cavity and is linked with the driving motor.
10. The tellurium ingot casting method of claim 8, wherein a heating wire and a temperature probe are further arranged in the casting ladle, the detection end of the temperature probe extends into the cavity, and the heating wire is arranged outside the cavity in a surrounding manner.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310272944.3A CN116395646A (en) | 2023-03-17 | 2023-03-17 | Tellurium ingot casting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310272944.3A CN116395646A (en) | 2023-03-17 | 2023-03-17 | Tellurium ingot casting method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116395646A true CN116395646A (en) | 2023-07-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310272944.3A Pending CN116395646A (en) | 2023-03-17 | 2023-03-17 | Tellurium ingot casting method |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116395646A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-03-17 CN CN202310272944.3A patent/CN116395646A/en active Pending
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Effective date of registration: 20231019 Address after: 221116 North Fifth Ring Road, West Tongchuang Road, No.1 Qianfeng South Road, High tech Industrial Development Zone, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Applicant after: Pioneer Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 511517 Guangdong Qingyuan hi tech Industrial Park 27-9 Applicant before: GUANGDONG CHANGXIN PRECISION EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. |