CN116387561A - Device and method for solving mixed liquid water in fuel cell hydrogen system - Google Patents
Device and method for solving mixed liquid water in fuel cell hydrogen system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116387561A CN116387561A CN202310404773.5A CN202310404773A CN116387561A CN 116387561 A CN116387561 A CN 116387561A CN 202310404773 A CN202310404773 A CN 202310404773A CN 116387561 A CN116387561 A CN 116387561A
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 274
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 266
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 266
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a device and a method for solving the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high-pressure hydrogen heating component heats the high-pressure hydrogen to ensure that the temperature of the whole hydrogen is raised to the saturated liquid water temperature threshold after mixing; the high-pressure hydrogen enters the ejector heat exchange assembly to be mixed with the reflux hydrogen after passing through the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage, and then enters an inner hydrogen cavity in the ejector heat exchange assembly to exchange heat, so that condensation of liquid water in the ejector is avoided; the mixed hydrogen from the inner hydrogen cavity is discharged from the hydrogen outlet after being separated by screw, and the liquid water flows out from the water outlet. The invention solves the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system, reduces the pressure fluctuation of a hydrogen path and weakens the fluctuation range of the pressure, thereby prolonging the service life of a galvanic pile. The hydrogen is fully mixed and reflowed, so that the hydrogen consumption of the system is reduced, the utilization rate of the hydrogen is increased, the whole layout is integrated, and the system structure is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a device and a method for solving the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell system is a power generation device for converting chemical energy of hydrogen fuel into electric energy, and the reaction product is water, so that the hydrogen fuel cell system has the characteristics of high efficiency and cleanliness, and is the most favorable support for realizing carbon peak and carbon neutralization. In recent years, hydrogen energy and hydrogen fuel cells have achieved their performance in transportation, industry and construction industry, and have been entering a high-speed development stage in china.
In the hydrogen fuel cell system, a great amount of liquid water is generated in the reaction of the anode side of the electric pile, the liquid water is separated and discharged through a water separator, and unreacted residual hydrogen is mixed with newly-entered hydrogen through an ejector or a circulating pump and enters the electric pile of the fuel cell after being mixed.
Under the current technical conditions, the reflux hydrogen has high wettability, saturated liquid water is separated out and enters the electric pile in the process of merging with newly entered cold hydrogen, meanwhile, the pressure fluctuation formed at an anode inlet can be caused by insufficient hydrogen mixing and too low temperature, so that uneven hydrogen distribution and waste of hydrogen are caused, the performance of the hydrogen fuel cell pile and the reliability of other engine auxiliary systems are influenced, and the operation cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that the mixed hydrogen generates liquid water to enter the galvanic pile to cause the condition of too low monolithic voltage and insufficient hydrogen mixing, and causes uneven distribution to cause hydrogen waste and increase hydrogen consumption in the background art.
The invention provides a device for solving the technical problem of mixing liquid water in a fuel cell hydrogen system, which comprises: the high-pressure hydrogen heating assembly, the ejector heat exchange assembly and the spiral liquid separation assembly;
the high-pressure hydrogen heating component is used for heating the high-pressure hydrogen to enable the temperature of the whole hydrogen to be raised to a saturated liquid water temperature threshold after mixing;
the high-pressure hydrogen enters the ejector heat exchange assembly through the high-pressure hydrogen flow channel to be mixed with the reflux hydrogen, then enters an inner hydrogen cavity in the ejector heat exchange assembly and performs heat exchange, so that condensation of liquid water in the ejector is avoided;
the spiral liquid separation assembly is connected with the ejector main body and comprises a hydrogen outlet, a water outlet and spiral blades for spiral separation; the mixed hydrogen from the inner hydrogen cavity is discharged from the hydrogen outlet after being separated by screw, and the liquid water flows out from the water outlet.
Preferably, the ejector main body comprises an ejector nozzle, a hydrogen flow channel and a cooling liquid flow channel, wherein the inlet end of the hydrogen flow channel is connected with the ejector nozzle and the reflux hydrogen inlet, and the two ends of the cooling liquid flow channel are respectively connected with the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet.
Preferably, the flow direction of the cooling liquid flow passage is opposite to the flow direction of the mixed hydrogen in the internal hydrogen cavity.
Preferably, the cooling liquid flow passage is spirally wound in the inner hydrogen cavity.
Preferably, the eductor heat exchange assembly includes a return port heater plate through which the return hydrogen gas is passed to raise the temperature and liquid water saturation of the return hydrogen gas before entering the eductor nozzle.
Preferably, the high-pressure hydrogen heating assembly comprises a high-pressure air inlet valve seat and a high-pressure valve seat heating plate, a high-pressure hydrogen flow passage is arranged in the high-pressure air inlet valve seat, the high-pressure valve seat heating plate is arranged on the periphery of the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage, and the high-pressure hydrogen is heated to enable the temperature of the whole hydrogen to be raised to a saturated liquid water temperature threshold after mixing.
Preferably, the spiral liquid separation assembly is connected with the ejector main body; the liquid separating device comprises a liquid separating shell and a spiral seat, wherein the liquid separating shell is provided with a water outlet, the spiral seat is arranged on the liquid separating shell, and a spiral blade for spiral separation is arranged on the spiral seat.
Preferably, the rear end of the water outlet is connected with a one-way tail outlet valve of the hydrogen fuel cell system to prevent backflow.
The invention also provides a method for solving the problem of mixing liquid water in a fuel cell hydrogen system, which is used for a device for solving the problem of mixing liquid water in the fuel cell hydrogen system and comprises the following steps:
the high-pressure hydrogen heating component heats the high-pressure hydrogen to ensure that the temperature of the whole hydrogen is raised to the saturated liquid water temperature threshold after mixing;
the high-pressure hydrogen enters the ejector heat exchange assembly to be mixed with the reflux hydrogen after passing through the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage, and then enters an inner hydrogen cavity in the ejector heat exchange assembly to exchange heat, so that condensation of liquid water in the ejector is avoided;
the mixed hydrogen from the inner hydrogen cavity is discharged from the hydrogen outlet after being separated by screw, and the liquid water flows out from the water outlet.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a device and a method for solving the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high-pressure hydrogen heating component heats the high-pressure hydrogen to ensure that the temperature of the whole hydrogen is raised to the saturated liquid water temperature threshold after mixing; the high-pressure hydrogen enters the ejector heat exchange assembly to be mixed with the reflux hydrogen after passing through the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage, and then enters an inner hydrogen cavity in the ejector heat exchange assembly to exchange heat, so that condensation of liquid water in the ejector is avoided; the mixed hydrogen from the inner hydrogen cavity is discharged from the hydrogen outlet after being separated by screw, and the liquid water flows out from the water outlet. The invention solves the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system, reduces the pressure fluctuation of a hydrogen path and weakens the fluctuation range of the pressure, thereby prolonging the service life of a galvanic pile. The hydrogen is fully mixed and reflowed, so that the hydrogen consumption of the system is reduced, the utilization rate of the hydrogen is increased, the whole layout is integrated, and the system structure is simplified.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention, as it is embodied in the following description, with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments of the present invention are given in detail by the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a valve seat of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a spiral structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the power comparison effect of the pile according to the scheme of the present invention and the conventional scheme;
fig. 6 is a graph comparing system efficiency of the inventive scheme with that of the conventional scheme.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a high pressure intake valve seat; 2. a high pressure hydrogen inlet; 3. a high pressure solenoid valve; 4. a pressure reducing valve; 5. an ejector nozzle; 6. a return hydrogen inlet; 7. a return port heating plate; 8. a cooling liquid outlet; 9. an ejector body; 10. a cooling liquid inlet; 11. a seal ring; 12. a liquid separation shell; 13. a screw seat; 14. a water outlet; 15. a hydrogen outlet; 16. a high pressure valve seat heating plate; 17. an inner hydrogen chamber; 1301. a helical blade; 1302. and a hydrogen flow through hole.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The invention is more particularly described by way of example in the following paragraphs with reference to the drawings. Advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description and from the claims. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale, merely for convenience and clarity in aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides an apparatus for solving mixing of liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell, comprising: high-pressure hydrogen heating component, ejector heat exchange component, spiral divides the liquid subassembly.
The high-pressure hydrogen heating component comprises a high-pressure air inlet valve seat 1, a high-pressure hydrogen inlet 2, a high-pressure valve seat heating plate 16, a high-pressure electromagnetic valve 3 and a pressure reducing valve 4.
The high-pressure air inlet valve seat 1 is internally provided with a high-pressure hydrogen flow passage and other component mounting holes, and two ends of the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage are communicated with the high-pressure hydrogen inlet 2 and the injection nozzle 5. The head end of the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage is communicated with the high-pressure hydrogen inlet 2, and the high-pressure hydrogen is sprayed out after passing through the high-pressure electromagnetic valve 3, the pressure reducing valve 4 and the injection nozzle 5 in sequence in the middle of the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage.
The ejector heat exchange assembly is connected with the high-pressure air inlet assembly and comprises an ejector nozzle 5, a backflow hydrogen inlet 6, a backflow port heating plate 7, a cooling liquid outlet 8, an ejector main body 9 and a cooling liquid inlet 10; the ejector main body 9 is connected with the high-pressure air inlet valve seat 1, the ejector nozzle 5 and the reflux port heating plate 7 are arranged on the ejector main body 9, and the ejector main body 9 passes through the inner hydrogen cavity 17 of the ejector main body 9 to reach the next component.
In a specific scheme, high-pressure hydrogen enters the high-pressure hydrogen inlet 2 through a high-pressure pipeline and then enters a high-pressure hydrogen flow passage in the high-pressure air inlet valve seat 1. The high-pressure valve seat heating plates 16 are distributed on two sides of the flow channel and can heat high-pressure hydrogen. The heated high-pressure hydrogen passes through the high-pressure electromagnetic valve 3 and is reduced in pressure by the pressure reducing valve 4, and the process absorbs heat, so that the temperature of the reduced hydrogen is reduced. The high-pressure valve seat heating plate 16 is used for raising the temperature of the front end of the hydrogen so as to raise the temperature of the whole hydrogen to the saturated liquid water temperature threshold after mixing.
The hydrogen gas from the pressure reducing valve 4 enters the injection nozzle 5, and the injection nozzle 5 is also communicated with the reflux hydrogen gas inlet 6. Thus, the return hydrogen gas introduced into the injection nozzle 5 from the return hydrogen gas inlet 6 is mixed with the hydrogen gas introduced into the injection nozzle 5 from the hydrogen gas outlet of the pressure reducing valve 4, and then injected into the internal hydrogen chamber 17 through the injection nozzle 5.
In addition, the reflux port heating plate 7 around the reflux hydrogen inlet 6 heats the reflux hydrogen, and increases the temperature of the reflux hydrogen to raise the temperature of the reflux hydrogen and the saturation of the liquid water, thereby reducing the generation of the liquid water in the process of mixing new hydrogen.
Therefore, the hydrogen returned from the hydrogen return inlet 6 to the injection nozzle 5 and the hydrogen from the pressure reducing valve 4 to the injection nozzle 5 are heated.
Meanwhile, high-temperature cooling liquid enters from the cooling liquid inlet 10 and then flows out from the cooling liquid outlet 8, and the cooling liquid cavity wraps the inner hydrogen cavity 17 so as to heat the hydrogen in the inner hydrogen cavity 17 to a preset temperature, thereby ensuring the saturation of liquid water, preventing water condensation and reducing liquid water precipitation.
The spiral liquid separation assembly is connected with the ejector main body 9. Comprises a liquid separating shell 12, a screw seat 13, a water outlet 14 and a hydrogen outlet 15. The lower extreme of dividing liquid casing 12 is equipped with outlet 14, and screw seat 13 front end is equipped with helical blade 1301, divides liquid casing 12 to install on injector main part 9, and screw seat 13 installs on dividing liquid casing 12. The mixed hydrogen gas from the ejector main body 9 is rotationally separated by the helical blade 1301. The liquid water separated by the spiral is discharged from the drain port 14 below. The hydrogen after spiral separation flows in through the hydrogen flow port 1302, and the hydrogen flow port 1302 is communicated with the hydrogen outlet 15, so that the mixed hydrogen finally flows out to the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile through the hydrogen outlet 15 for working.
Preferably, the rear end of the drain opening 14 is connected to a one-way tail drain valve of the hydrogen fuel cell system to prevent backflow.
Preferably, the flow direction of the cooling liquid flow channel is opposite to the flow direction of the mixed hydrogen in the internal hydrogen cavity. And the purpose of better heat exchange is achieved. Wherein the cooling liquid flow passage is spirally wound in the inner hydrogen cavity 17. The heat exchange contact area is increased.
In the preferred scheme, the structural members are axially sealed in an assembling mode, and a sealing ring sealing groove is arranged in the mounting surface. For example, when the end face of the injector body 9 is installed, the sealing ring 11 is used for sealing installation, so that hydrogen leakage is prevented.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
in operation of the fuel cell system, hydrogen enters the hydrogen subsystem through the hydrogen bottle and high pressure hydrogen enters the high pressure hydrogen heating assembly through the high pressure tube. When high-pressure hydrogen enters the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage from the high-pressure hydrogen inlet 2, the high-pressure valve seat heating plates 16 arranged on two sides of the flow passage heat the flow passage to provide heat energy for the hydrogen, and heat the high-pressure hydrogen. The hydrogen after temperature rising is depressurized through the high-pressure electromagnetic valve 3 and the proportional valve 4, and heat is absorbed in the hydrogen depressurization process, so that the hydrogen temperature is reduced. Thus, the hydrogen gas from the proportional valve 4 enters the injection nozzle 5, mixes with the heated return hydrogen gas, and then enters the internal hydrogen chamber 17 within the injector body 9. The high-temperature liquid in the cooling liquid cavity can heat the mixed hydrogen in the inner hydrogen cavity 17, so that heat exchange is performed, liquid water saturation is ensured, water condensation is prevented, and liquid water precipitation is reduced. Finally, liquid water separation is carried out through a spiral structure. Wherein the high temperature cooling liquid enters from the cooling liquid inlet 10 and then flows out from the cooling liquid outlet 8.
In order to avoid the formation of liquid water in the mixed gas of injection reflux. And the hydrogen enters the inlet of the ejector heat exchange assembly from the hydrogen outlet and enters the ejector main body 9 through the ejector nozzle 5. The new hydrogen from the pressure reducing valve 5 flows through the negative pressure formed by the injection nozzle 5 to drive the reflux hydrogen to mix together. And then flows out through the inner hydrogen chamber 17 and enters the spiral liquid separation assembly. Under the spiral separation of the spiral blade 1301, the hydrogen flows out through the hydrogen flow holes inside the spiral seat, and finally flows out through the hydrogen outlet 15 of the spiral liquid separation assembly. The hydrogen outlet 15 of the spiral liquid separation module is communicated with the hydrogen inlet of the electric pile. And the liquid water after the spiral separation flows out of the drain port 14. The spiral blade 1301 enables the new hydrogen and the reflux hydrogen to be mixed in a spiral mode, so that the cold and hot mixing is more sufficient, and the temperature of the hydrogen entering the stack is more uniform.
The present embodiment also provides a method for solving mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell, including:
the hydrogen enters the hydrogen subsystem through the hydrogen supply system pipeline and then enters the high-pressure hydrogen inlet 2, the high-pressure hydrogen enters the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage through the high-pressure hydrogen inlet 2, and the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage enters the high-pressure hydrogen heating assembly. When flowing through the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage, the high-pressure valve seat heating plates 16 arranged on two sides of the flow passage heat high-pressure hydrogen, and then the heated hydrogen flows through the high-pressure electromagnetic valve 3 and the proportional valve 4 to decompress, and the hydrogen absorbs heat after decompressing, so that the hydrogen temperature can be reduced. Then the mixture passes through the injection nozzle 5 and is mixed with the reflux hydrogen of the reflux hydrogen inlet 6, and reflux port heating plates 7 at two sides of the reflux hydrogen inlet 6 can heat the reflux hydrogen. The mixed hydrogen flows into the spiral liquid separation assembly from the inner hydrogen cavity 17 of the injector body 9, and the hydrogen and the water are rotationally separated through the spiral blade 1301.
Meanwhile, high-temperature liquid entering from the cooling liquid inlet 10 enters into the liquid cavity of the injector main body 9 and flows out from the cooling liquid outlet 8, mixed hydrogen in the process exchanges heat with the cooling liquid cavity through the injector main body 9, then enters into the spiral assembly, liquid water is spirally separated through the spiral blade 1301, and finally the mixed hydrogen reaches the electric pile through the hydrogen outlet 15.
The technical scheme shows that 4 measures are taken to solve the problems of mixing liquid water in a fuel cell hydrogen system and reducing the humidity of hydrogen in a stack:
heating the high-pressure new hydrogen;
heating the reflux hydrogen;
heat exchange between the mixed hydrogen and the cooling liquid;
the mixed hydrogen is spirally separated in liquid state.
The four measures mainly aim at the endothermic process in the depressurization process of the high-pressure hydrogen:
(1) raising the temperature of the front end of the hydrogen so as to raise the temperature of the whole hydrogen to a saturated liquid water temperature threshold after mixing;
(2) the temperature of the reflux hydrogen is increased to increase the temperature of the reflux hydrogen and the saturation of liquid water, so that the generation of liquid water is reduced in the process of mixing new hydrogen;
(3) and the heat exchange is carried out on the mixed hydrogen in the injection main body, so that the condensation of liquid water in the injector is avoided. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
(4) After the three measures, if the liquid water is generated or the humidity of the mixed hydrogen is higher, the mixed gas in the step (3) is subjected to final liquid water separation, so that the temperature and the humidity of the hydrogen before stacking are ensured to meet the working requirements of a hydrogen fuel cell system.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) The invention can effectively solve the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system, avoid larger pressure fluctuation caused by water blockage of a hydrogen path, weaken the fluctuation range of the pressure, and further prolong the service life of a galvanic pile.
If the mixed hydrogen gas generates liquid water and enters the electric pile, partial polar plate voltage is too low.
(2) The invention can effectively solve the voltage fluctuation condition, improves the power performance of the electric pile, and obviously improves the system power of the hydrogen fuel cell engine and the working efficiency of the electric pile according to the data measured in the laboratory according to the scheme as shown in fig. 5 and 6.
(3) The spiral structure before the hydrogen is stacked ensures that the hydrogen is more fully mixed, the hydrogen is uniformly distributed after the hydrogen is stacked, the hydrogen is more completely reacted in the electric pile, the utilization rate of the hydrogen is increased, and the hydrogen consumption is reduced.
(4) The heat loss is reduced in the cold-hydrogen heat exchange process by utilizing the heat in the fuel cell cooling system, and the whole layout is integrated, so that the system structure is simplified.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way; those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention may be implemented as shown in the drawings and described above; however, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications, adaptations, and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the scope of the invention; meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolution of the above embodiments according to the essential technology of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An apparatus for mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system for a fuel cell, comprising: the high-pressure hydrogen heating assembly, the ejector heat exchange assembly and the spiral liquid separation assembly;
the high-pressure hydrogen heating component is used for heating the high-pressure hydrogen to enable the temperature of the whole hydrogen to be raised to a saturated liquid water temperature threshold after mixing;
the high-pressure hydrogen enters the ejector heat exchange assembly through the high-pressure hydrogen flow channel to be mixed with the reflux hydrogen, then enters an inner hydrogen cavity in the ejector heat exchange assembly and performs heat exchange, so that condensation of liquid water in the ejector is avoided;
the spiral liquid separation assembly is connected with the ejector main body and comprises a hydrogen outlet, a water outlet and spiral blades for spiral separation; the mixed hydrogen from the inner hydrogen cavity is discharged from the hydrogen outlet after being separated by screw, and the liquid water flows out from the water outlet.
2. The apparatus for solving the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the ejector main body comprises an ejector nozzle, a hydrogen flow passage and a cooling liquid flow passage, an inlet end of the hydrogen flow passage is connected with the ejector nozzle and a reflux hydrogen inlet, and two ends of the cooling liquid flow passage are respectively connected with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet.
3. The apparatus for solving the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the flow direction of the cooling liquid flow passage is opposite to the flow direction of the mixed hydrogen gas in the internal hydrogen gas chamber.
4. The apparatus for solving the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein said coolant flow passage is spirally wound in said inner hydrogen chamber.
5. The apparatus for solving the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell of claim 2, wherein the ejector heat exchange assembly comprises a return port heater plate through which the return hydrogen gas is passed to raise the temperature of the return hydrogen gas and the liquid water saturation before entering the ejector nozzle.
6. The device for solving the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure hydrogen heating component comprises a high-pressure air inlet valve seat and a high-pressure valve seat heating plate, a high-pressure hydrogen flow passage is arranged in the high-pressure air inlet valve seat, the high-pressure valve seat heating plate is arranged at the periphery of the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage, and the high-pressure hydrogen is heated to raise the temperature of the whole hydrogen to a saturated liquid water temperature threshold after mixing.
7. The apparatus for solving mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the spiral liquid separation assembly is connected with an ejector main body; the liquid separating device comprises a liquid separating shell and a spiral seat, wherein the liquid separating shell is provided with a water outlet, the spiral seat is arranged on the liquid separating shell, and a spiral blade for spiral separation is arranged on the spiral seat.
8. The apparatus for solving the problem of mixing liquid water in a hydrogen system of a fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein the rear end of the water outlet is connected with a one-way tail valve of the hydrogen fuel cell system to prevent backflow.
9. A method of addressing mixing liquid water in a fuel cell hydrogen system, the method for use in an apparatus for addressing mixing liquid water in a fuel cell hydrogen system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
the high-pressure hydrogen heating component heats the high-pressure hydrogen to ensure that the temperature of the whole hydrogen is raised to the saturated liquid water temperature threshold after mixing;
the high-pressure hydrogen enters the ejector heat exchange assembly to be mixed with the reflux hydrogen after passing through the high-pressure hydrogen flow passage, and then enters an inner hydrogen cavity in the ejector heat exchange assembly to exchange heat, so that condensation of liquid water in the ejector is avoided;
the mixed hydrogen from the inner hydrogen cavity is discharged from the hydrogen outlet after being separated by screw, and the liquid water flows out from the water outlet.
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| CN116387561B (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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