CN1163861C

CN1163861C - Driving method and driving device for display, and display

Info

Publication number: CN1163861C
Application number: CNB998113840A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 维塔利・亚历山德罗维奇・沃洛金; 维塔利·亚历山德罗维奇·沃洛金
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-08-03
Filing date: 1999-07-23
Publication date: 2004-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 2019-07-23
Also published as: AU1087100A; WO2000008627A1; CN1320255A; RU2146393C1; UA57159C2

Abstract

During a selection period Tr, the display column electrodes receive a polarity with respect to a reference voltage V₀Two additional equal voltage levels that are symmetrical and a third additional V of constant duration applied between the voltage levels of different polarity₀A level. These additional levels of opposite polarity are assigned to the boundaries of the period Tr. All levels are applied to the signal electrodes in either the forward or reverse direction. The allocation of these levels alternates in subsequent frame periods, on adjacent column electrodes, in subsequent periods Tr. The voltage pulses applied to the signal electrodes are broken up into groups that are related to different electrodes and shifted in time. These shift times are changed in the course of time (fig. 21). The drive device incorporates an output unit whose output resistances for different voltage levels have the same value. These display electrodes receive compensation voltages that are independent of the image mode. These pulse shapes provide self-compensation of parasitic variations in the mean square voltage across the LC cell. For the two row addressing mode, the column drive voltages have information and quasi-reference equalization components. The row and column drive voltages are set equal to

Where η is a voltage regulation parameter. N of display_maxNot less than N determined for a particular voltage-time diagram_max0All embodiments of the invention complement each other. The aim is to improve image uniformity and contrast and to increase display size and operating speed.

Description

Driving method for display, driving device, and display

发明领域field of invention

本发明涉及电子器件、微电子器件、平面显示器、用于驱动液晶显示器(LCD)、计算机和电视设备的方法和设备、以其他的及使用平面显示器的工程领域。The present invention relates to electronic devices, microelectronic devices, flat panel displays, methods and apparatus for driving liquid crystal displays (LCD), computer and television equipment, among others and to the engineering field using flat panel displays.

发明背景Background of the invention

用于驱动LCD的驱动方法、驱动装置是已知的。Driving methods and driving devices for driving LCDs are known.

已知的直射型(美国专利No.5,099,435)或投射型(美国专利No.5,465,102)显示器包含有一LC面板。该面板包含有至少两个不传导电流的透明基底，相对地一个放置于另一上且其间具有一间隙。该间隙填充有LC材料，例如组分和化学式已知的向列材料(美国专利No.5,099,345和5,262,881)。该取向特定的LC材料以取决于施加至其的均方根(rms)电压的角度转动从该基底透射的偏振光的方向。Known direct-type (US Patent No. 5,099,435) or projection-type (US Patent No. 5,465,102) displays include an LC panel. The panel includes at least two non-conductive transparent substrates, placed one on top of the other oppositely with a gap therebetween. The gap is filled with an LC material, such as a nematic material of known composition and formula (US Patent Nos. 5,099,345 and 5,262,881). The orientation-specific LC material rotates the direction of polarized light transmitted from the substrate by an angle that depends on a root mean square (rms) voltage applied thereto.

该电压自配置在这些基底的内表面上的光学透明且导电的电极侧被施加给该LC材料。称之为行电极或扫描电极或公共电极或Y电极的一基底的电极被放置与称之为列电极或段电极或信号电极或X电极的另一基底的电极相交叉。在它们相交点的这些扫描电极和信号电极之间的LC材料层中形成有LC单元。The voltage is applied to the LC material from the side of optically transparent and conductive electrodes disposed on the inner surfaces of the substrates. Electrodes of one base called row electrodes or scan electrodes or common electrodes or Y electrodes are placed across electrodes of another base called column electrodes or segment electrodes or signal electrodes or X electrodes. LC cells are formed in the LC material layer between these scan electrodes and signal electrodes at their intersections.

该LC单元连同一些其他元件，例如偏振膜、滤色器或其他滤波器、补偿色彩失真及扩展视角的玻璃或膜一起，构成一基本的显示单元和一称之为“象素”的“点”显示图像元素。该象素的亮度由该LC单元电极上的电压驱动。The LC unit, together with some other components such as polarizing film, color filter or other filter, glass or film to compensate for color distortion and expand the viewing angle, constitutes a basic display unit and a "dot" called "pixel". ” to display image elements. The brightness of the pixel is driven by the voltage on the LC cell electrodes.

以从90°(或180°)到360°的角度扭曲的向列分子(T.J.Sheffer和J.Nehring，Appl.Phys.，Lett.，v.45，N10，1021-1023页，1984)被称为“超扭曲向列(STN)分子”。STN LC单元允许建立带有大量多重扫描电极(具有足够的行)的无源矩阵(PM)LC面板以实现计算机和电视双重扫描显示。Nematic molecules twisted at angles from 90° (or 180°) to 360° (T.J.Sheffer and J.Nehring, Appl.Phys., Lett., v.45, N10, pages 1021-1023, 1984) are called For "Super Twisted Nematic (STN) Molecules". STN LC cells allow building passive-matrix (PM) LC panels with a large number of multi-scan electrodes (with enough rows) to realize dual-scan displays for computers and televisions.

在图1中表示有在平面中的一PM LCD面板的一部分。信号电极被表示为X₁、X₂、...、X_j、...、X_M，扫描电极被表示为Y₁、Y₂、...、Y_i、...Y_N。电压被从行和列驱动器施加给显示电极。In FIG. 1 there is shown a part of a PM LCD panel in plan. Signal electrodes are denoted as X ₁ , X ₂ , . . . , X _j , . . . , X _M , and scan electrodes are denoted as Y ₁ , _{Y 2} _, _. Voltages are applied to the display electrodes from the row and column drivers.

通过各种不同的方法，根据显示行电极的顺序选择来驱动PMLCD。这些行电极按逐一或逐群的顺序被选择。扫描电压被施加给被选择的电极且一基准电压被施加给未被选择的电压。显示元件的亮度的电压设定值被施加给这些列电极。The PMLCD is driven according to the sequential selection of the display row electrodes by various methods. These row electrodes are selected in sequence one by one or group by group. A scan voltage is applied to selected electrodes and a reference voltage is applied to unselected electrodes. A voltage setpoint for the brightness of the display element is applied to these column electrodes.

为了确定显示特性，在这些LC单元的电极的rms电压值，及驱动电压的特性曲线，该显示元件的光电特性(EOB)被使用。In order to determine the display characteristics, the rms voltage values at the electrodes of the LC cells, and the characteristic curve of the driving voltage, the electro-optical characteristics (EOB) of the display element are used.

在图2和图3中给出以电压-亮度特性的形式的显示元件的EOB的变型。U_ij是放置在i行和j列电极之间的一(ij)LC单元上的rms电压。B是与该(ij)单元连接的象素的亮度。该VBC的工作区域是边限在亮度B_min和B_max的值上的一陡区。亮度被以Kd/m²为单位进行测量。比例B_max/B_min确定该显示器的最大显示对比度。该工作区域的特征同样在于两主rms参数。第一个是图2中所示的VBC上的阈值电压U_th，标识断(off)一边界状态设置B_min，且被表示为U_off，因此U_th＝U_off。第二个是在跃迁电压Δ加至U_th后给出的，由U_on表示且设置图2中所示的VBC上的B_max的通(on)一边界状态，，因此，U_on＝U_th+Δ。U_th和U_th+Δ之间的rms值规定了图3中的亮度(灰度级)的中间值，U_off设定B_max及U_on设定B_min。A variant of the EOB of a display element in the form of a voltage-luminance characteristic is given in FIGS. 2 and 3 . U _ij is the rms voltage across one (ij) LC cell placed between the i row and j column electrodes. B is the brightness of the pixel connected to the (ij) cell. The operating region of the VBC is a steep region bounded on the values of brightness _Bmin and _Bmax . Brightness is measured in Kd/ ^m2 . The ratio B _max /B _min determines the maximum display contrast of the display. The working area is also characterized by two main rms parameters. The first is the threshold voltage U _th on VBC shown in FIG. 2 , identifying off a boundary state setting B _min , and denoted U _off , thus U _th =U _off . The second is given after the transition voltage Δ is added to _Uth , denoted by _Uon and sets the on-boundary state of _Bmax on VBC shown in Fig. 2, so, _Uon = U _th + Δ. The rms value between U _th and U _th +Δ specifies the median value of the brightness (gray level) in Fig. 3, U _off sets B _max and U _on sets B _min .

本发明的第一原型是通过一行寻址来驱动PM LC显示器的Alt-Pleshko方法，如在美国专利No.5,162,923中所述的一原型。The first prototype of the invention was the Alt-Pleshko method of driving a PMLC display by one row addressing, as a prototype described in U.S. Patent No. 5,162,923.

在两附图(图4和图5)中示出第一种方法的时间图，在没有列信号的脉宽调制(PWM)(图4)以及在列信号的PWM(图5)设定“灰度级”的情况下。在图中，Vri和Vcj表示施加至i行和j列电极的电压，V_ij＝V_cj-V_ri是施加给该LC单元的ij电极的电压。这些及其他附图中的“通(On)”、“断(Off)”或“灰度(Gray)”表示与被选择的单元相关的象素的亮度。术语“灰度”意指“通”和“断”之间不同的亮度水平。The timing diagrams of the first method are shown in the two drawings (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5), in the case of pulse width modulation (PWM) without column signal (Fig. 4) and with PWM of column signal (Fig. 5) setting " In the case of grayscale". In the figure, Vri and Vcj represent the voltages applied to the i-row and j-column electrodes, and V _ij =V _cj -V _ri is the voltage applied to the ij electrodes of the LC cell. "On", "Off" or "Gray" in these and other figures indicates the brightness of the pixel associated with the selected cell. The term "grayscale" means different brightness levels between "on" and "off".

该方法包括：逐一顺序地选择扫描电极。在一恒定持续时间的一选择周期T_r期间，具有自一些基准电压V₀导出的具有一恒定幅值的一扫描电压V_r(一行脉冲)被施加给该被选择的扫描电极，该基准电压被施加给未被选择的扫描电极，不等于V₀电平且在通常情况下具有可变的持续时间的一(或多个)信号电压电平(列脉冲)被施加给一信号电极以设定被选择的显示元件的亮度的电流值。The method includes: sequentially selecting scan electrodes one by one. During a selection period _Tr of a constant duration, a scan voltage _Vr (a row of pulses) with a constant amplitude derived from some reference voltage _V0 is applied to the selected scan electrodes. Applied to unselected scan electrodes, one (or more) signal voltage levels (column pulses) not equal to _V0 level and usually of variable duration are applied to a signal electrode to set The current value that determines the brightness of the selected display element.

在一帧时间周期T_F＝N_xT_r期间，这些行脉冲被施加给该显示器的所有N个扫描电极。在每一些时间周期后，两行脉冲偏移和列脉冲偏移的极性(相对于V₀-电平)被反转，从而施加给LC单元的电压的一零平均值被提供。为了减少供电电压，与改变行脉冲偏移相反，通过将基准电压V₀从V₀₁改变成V₀₂或从V₀₂改变成V₀₁来实现每次极性的反转。These row pulses are applied to all N scan electrodes of the display during a frame time period T _F =N _x T _r . After every some time period, the polarity (relative to the V ₀ -level) of the two row and column pulse offsets is reversed so that a zero average value of the voltages applied to the LC cells is provided. To reduce the supply voltage, each inversion of polarity is achieved by changing the reference voltage _V0 from V01 to _V02 or from _V02 to _V01 _, as opposed to changing the row pulse offset.

在每次，基准电压V₀(V₀₁或V₀₂)被施加给N-1个未被选择的行电极。在(N-1)T_r内，在一帧时间期间，它被保持在一行电极上。如果相对V₀的电平V_c的极性不同于极性V_r，状态“通”被设定，因此，这样的电平由V_c(on)表示。因此，具有等于极性V_r的极性的电平V_c由V_c(off)表示。两V_c(on)和V_c(off)脉冲的持续时间t_on和t_off可被确定是可变的(在PWM下)，根据待被显示的信息，每个持续时间被从0改变成Tr。然而，它们总的持续时间必须等于选择时间Tr，即t_on+t_off＝Tr。At each time, the reference voltage V ₀ (V ₀₁ or V ₀₂ ) is applied to N-1 unselected row electrodes. It is held on one row of electrodes during one frame time during (N-1) _Tr . If the polarity of the level V _c with respect to V ₀ is different from the polarity V _r , the state "on" is set, thus such a level is denoted by V _c(on) . Therefore, the level _Vc having a polarity equal to the polarity _Vr is represented by Vc _(off) . The durations t _on and t _off of the two V _c(on) and V _c(off) pulses can be determined variable (under PWM), each duration being changed from 0 to Tr. However, their total duration must be equal to the selection time Tr, ie t _on +t _off =Tr.

另一方面，一种帧调制方法被广泛地使用来形成灰度级。该方法包括：在几个帧期间，施加电压组合V_c(on)和V_c(off)给选择的LC单元，每个电压具有恒定的持续时间等于Tr。该方法也是本发明的一个原型。术语“帧”和“场”经常被用作为同义词。我们将术语“场”指作为所有显示象素的单个选择的时间而将术语“帧”指作为单个提供有关所有象素的亮度的全部信息的时间。(因此，替代“帧调制”，术语“场调制”应是更加贴切的，因为在一帧的四个或八个场期间，有关这些象素的灰度亮度的信息被提供给信号电极。然而，术语“帧调制”在这里使用是通常被接受的)。On the other hand, a frame modulation method is widely used to form gray scales. The method comprises: during several frames, applying a combination of voltages Vc _(on) and Vc _(off) to selected LC cells, each voltage having a constant duration equal to Tr. This method is also a prototype of the present invention. The terms "frame" and "field" are often used synonymously. We use the term "field" to refer to the time as a single selection of all displayed pixels and the term "frame" to refer to the time as a single providing all information about the brightness of all pixels. (Thus, instead of "frame modulation", the term "field modulation" should be more appropriate, because during four or eight fields of a frame, information about the gray-scale brightness of these pixels is provided to the signal electrode. However , the term "frame modulation" is generally accepted as used here).

该ij单元上的rms电压通过将行脉冲多次(几十次)施加给第i个行电极及将恒定或可变持续时间的列电平多次(几十次)施加给第j个列电极而被设定。The rms voltage on the ij cell is obtained by applying a row pulse multiple times (dozens of times) to the i-th row electrode and applying a column level of constant or variable duration to the j-th column multiple times (dozens of times) electrode is set.

使用该单元的VBC并依据于Alt&Pleshko的理论(Alt P.M.，Pleshko P.，IEEE Trans.Electron Devices，v.ED-21，N2，146-155页，1974)确定由该原型方法驱动的PM LC的参数和行与列脉冲的值。Using the VBC of this unit and based on the theory of Alt & Pleshko (Alt P.M., Pleshko P., IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, v.ED-21, N2, pp. 146-155, 1974) determine the PMLC driven by this prototype method parameters and values for row and column pulses.

Alt和Pleshko引入代表EOB的非线性的测量值的构成参数p＝Δ/Uth。参数p允许求出由以下方程式准确定义的LC单元参数N_max：Alt and Pleshko introduced the constituent parameter p = Δ/Uth representing a non-linear measurement of EOB. The parameter p allows to find the LC cell parameter N _max precisely defined by the following equation:

N_max＝[(1+p)²+1]²/[(1+p)²-1]² (1)N _max ＝[(1+p) ² +1] ² /[(1+p) ² -1] ² (1)

确定最大数量的多重行电极。Determine the maximum number of multiple row electrodes.

在p较小(N_max较大)情况下，方程式(1)可被简化为：When p is small (N _max is large), equation (1) can be simplified as:

N_amx≈1/p²＝U_th ²/Δ² (2)N _amx ≈1/p ² =U _th ² /Δ ² (2)

根据Alt和Pleshko，在满足以下等式的LCD中实现了最大扫描机会：According to Alt and Pleshko, the maximum scanning opportunity is achieved in LCDs satisfying the following equation:

N_max＝N (3)N _max = N (3)

每个满足等式(3)的LC显示单元将被提供电压脉冲，自基准电压V₀的偏移的模满足Each LC display unit satisfying equation (3) will be supplied with a voltage pulse, the modulus of the offset from the reference voltage _V0 satisfies

${V V}_{r r} = = \frac{{U u}_{th the th}}{22} \frac{{[[{((11 + + p p))}^{22} + + 11]]}^{\frac{33}{22}}}{{((11 + + p p))}^{22} - - 11} . .$

或者，考虑到(1)、(3)和较小的p，Or, considering (1), (3) and small p,

${V V}_{r r} = = \frac{{U u}_{th the th}}{\sqrt{22}} \sqrt{N N} - - - - - - ((44))$

相似地，这些列电极必须被提供电压电平：Similarly, these column electrodes must be supplied with voltage levels:

${V V}_{c c} = = \frac{{U u}_{th the th}}{22} \sqrt{{((11 + + p p))}^{22} + + 11},,$

或者，对于较小的p，Or, for smaller p,

${V V}_{c c} = = {U u}_{th the th} / / \sqrt{22} - - - - - - ((55))$

为特征化驱动电压的关系，它们使用一被定义为用于状态“通”的b＝V_c/(V_r-V_c)的参数“偏置比”：To characterize the drive voltage relationship, they use a parameter "bias ratio" defined as b= _Vc /( _Vr - _Vc ) for the state "on":

b＝1/(N^1/2+1) (6)b=1/(N ^1/2 +1) (6)

已知的方法的缺陷在于相比于AM LC显示器，其对比度不足且工作速度较低。大幅度的稀疏行脉冲带来了在LC分子的取向上的显著振荡，因此，对有关在该LC单元的rms电压确定的状态的显示象素的光学特性和光的脉动带来了显著的振荡。这由对应于图2和图3的电压—亮度特性的图6的时间图进行了说明。由行和列电压设定的，用于“通”和“断”状态的rms电压电平Uth和Uth+Δ由图6中的两时间图上的点划线表示。产生状态“通”和“断”的电流差|V_cj-V_ri|的模被示出在上边的时间图中。在下边的图中，实线跟随该单元的一些参数的一值。称之为“准rms”电压。每个准rms电压值对应于在该LC单元的这些电极上的恒定模的电压下，可在LC单元中发生的LC分子的一定的空间取向。在行和列电压以及亮度脉动作用下的LC分子的空间取向的振荡可自在这些单元的准rms电压振荡的形状和幅度被估算。参数“准rms电压”的特征在于例如“张弛时间”和“响应时间”的概念，而不象参数“rms”仅是平均的算术程序的结果。(进一步对于瞬变过程的计算，概念“准rms电压”由概念“准均方电压”替换)。The known method has the disadvantages of insufficient contrast and low operating speed compared to AM LC displays. The large-amplitude sparse row pulses bring about significant oscillations in the orientation of the LC molecules and, therefore, the optical properties of the display pixels and the pulsation of the light relative to the state determined by the rms voltage of the LC cell. This is illustrated by the time diagram of FIG. 6 corresponding to the voltage-brightness characteristics of FIGS. 2 and 3 . The rms voltage levels Uth and Uth+Δ for the "on" and "off" states, set by the row and column voltages, are indicated by the dotted lines on the two-time diagram in FIG. 6 . The magnitude of the current difference |V _cj -V _ri | which produces the states "on" and "off" is shown in the upper timing diagram. In the lower plot, the solid line follows the values of some parameters of the unit. Call it the "quasi-rms" voltage. Each quasi-rms voltage value corresponds to a certain spatial orientation of the LC molecules that can occur in the LC cell at a constant mode voltage across the electrodes of the LC cell. Oscillations in the spatial orientation of LC molecules under the action of row and column voltages and brightness pulsing can be estimated from the shape and magnitude of the quasi-rms voltage oscillations of these cells. The parameter "quasi-rms voltage" is characterized by concepts such as "relaxation time" and "response time", unlike the parameter "rms" which is only the result of an arithmetic procedure of averaging. (Further for the calculation of the transient process, the concept "quasi-rms voltage" is replaced by the concept "quasi-mean-square voltage").

在LC分子的张弛时间的精确值下的静态准rms电压振荡使得光和显示象素的光学状态脉动。在一张弛时间期间，一小量的驱动周期致使象素亮度中的大的准rms电压振荡，、脉动和模糊。围绕电平“通”和“断”的准rms电压脉动致使“白”发暗和“黑”图像发亮并降低了图像对比度和亮度。该现象被称之为“一帧响应”效果。Static quasi-rms voltage oscillations at precise values of the relaxation times of the LC molecules cause the light and optical states of the display pixels to pulse. During the relaxation time, a small number of drive cycles causes large quasi-rms voltage oscillations, ripples and blurring in the pixel brightness. Quasi-rms voltage pulsations around levels "on" and "off" cause "white" to darken and "black" images to lighten and reduce image contrast and brightness. This phenomenon is called the "one frame response" effect.

大的张弛时间(在期间电极被提供有大量驱动周期)提供了降低的准rms电压振荡幅度并提高了对比度但降低了速度响应。A large relaxation time (during which the electrode is provided with a large number of drive cycles) provides reduced quasi-rms voltage oscillation amplitude and improves contrast but reduces velocity response.

“快速”显示应由高频的脉冲驱动。然而，高频脉冲，行和列两者的形状沿RC行电极被变形。因为LC单元电容，来自不同电极的信号的相互影响(串扰)被断定在高频。在某种程度上相关联的两影响致使在LC单元电极的rms电压的变形、显示区域上的亮度和对比度的不均匀、和图像结构、碎片和颜色的失真。"Fast" displays should be driven by high frequency pulses. However, with high frequency pulses, the shapes of both rows and columns are deformed along the RC row electrodes. Because of the LC cell capacitance, mutual influence (crosstalk) of signals from different electrodes is concluded at high frequencies. The two effects, linked to some extent, lead to distortions in the rms voltage of the LC cell electrodes, non-uniformity of brightness and contrast over the display area, and distortions of image structure, fragmentation and color.

带有分布的电容和电阻的长线路的影响限制了大尺寸的显示器的开发和高质量图像的开发，不仅对于无源矩阵显示器，而且对于有源矩阵也是一样。上述影响的控制超出了PM LC显示器的主题。The effect of long lines with distributed capacitance and resistance limits the development of large-sized displays and high-quality images, not only for passive-matrix displays but also for active-matrix displays. Control of the above effects is beyond the topic of PMLC displays.

在已知方法中被驱动的PM LC显示器中使用的LC材料的张弛时间的中间值允许开发便宜的(相对于AM LC)显示器，然而，其在速度、对比度和图像亮度上存在有不足。控制帧响应的乱真效果、信号失真和电极耦合的方法是已知的。以下讨论的方法作为本发明的其他原型。The intermediate values of the relaxation times of the LC materials used in PMLC displays driven in known methods allow the development of inexpensive (relative to AM LC) displays which, however, suffer from disadvantages in speed, contrast and image brightness. Methods of controlling spurious effects of frame response, signal distortion and electrode coupling are known. The methods discussed below serve as other prototypes of the invention.

本发明的第二原型是美国专利No.5,301,047(Hitachi)，有关当脉冲(一行寻址)传播过长电极时，减少驱动脉冲变形的效果的一种方法的若干变型。这些变型是基于各种形式的高频电压的形成被连续地加至行或列，或行及列电压电平。该方法的目的在于改善显示的图像的不一致性。A second prototype of this invention is US Patent No. 5,301,047 (Hitachi), several variations on a method of reducing the effect of drive pulse distortion when the pulse (one row addressing) propagates over long electrodes. These variants are based on the formation of various forms of high frequency voltages which are continuously applied to the row or column, or row and column voltage levels. The purpose of this method is to improve the inconsistency of the displayed image.

在图7中示出通过将连续斩波叠加至行和列驱动电压而产生的在ij单元的结果电压Vij的形状。The shape of the resulting voltage Vij at cell ij produced by superimposing continuous chopping to the row and column drive voltages is shown in FIG. 7 .

该方法的正面影响是因为通过增加补偿电压而平滑了带有陡峭边沿(前部和尾部)的脉冲，施加给这些电极的脉冲的高频谐波的幅度减小，且过滤电平降低。The positive effect of this method is that since the pulses with steep edges (leading and trailing) are smoothed by increasing the compensation voltage, the amplitude of the high frequency harmonics of the pulses applied to these electrodes is reduced and the filtering level is reduced.

然而，该方法未使工作速度有实质的提高，由于附加补偿更高频电压的形成造成了在驱动脉冲频谱中的更高频率谐波的产生，且劣化了图像。另一方面，叠加所述附加信号妨碍了使用WPM形成灰度级。However, this approach does not lead to a substantial increase in operating speed, due to the generation of higher frequency harmonics in the drive pulse spectrum due to the formation of additional compensating higher frequency voltages, and degrades the image. On the other hand, superimposing the additional signal prevents the formation of gray scales using WPM.

本发明的第三原型是美国专利No.5,162,932(Matsushita)，有关一种一行驱动PM LC显示器的方法，该方法允许减少当脉冲传播过长列电极时列驱动信号的失真的减少。为实现该效果，小于行选择周期Ts的持续时间的持续时间T_r的选择电压V_r被施加给行电极。附加的电平V_c(on)和V_c(off)被分配给该扫描周期T_s的一起始部分和一结束部分，在随后的扫描周期的间隔处，这些分配被反转。A third prototype of the present invention is US Patent No. 5,162,932 (Matsushita) concerning a method of driving a PM LC display by one row which allows reducing the distortion of the column drive signal when pulses propagate over long column electrodes. To achieve this effect, a selection voltage _Vr is applied to the row electrodes for a duration _Tr which is less than the duration of the row selection period Ts. Additional levels Vc _(on) and Vc _(off) are assigned to a start part and an end part of the scan period _Ts , and at intervals of subsequent scan periods these assignments are reversed.

上述的内容通过行和列电压的示意图(图8)被说明。电压Vri和Vcj被分别施加给显示器的第i和第j列电极。在ij单元电极上形成电压V_ij。V₀₁和V₀₂是随后帧周期中的基准电压。附加电平进入时间间隔T_s且离开T_r，也就是说在时间间隔T_s-T_r内。The above is illustrated by a schematic diagram of the row and column voltages (FIG. 8). Voltages Vri and Vcj are applied to the ith and jth column electrodes of the display, respectively. A voltage V _ij is developed across the ij cell electrodes. V ₀₁ and V ₀₂ are the reference voltages in subsequent frame periods. The additional level enters the time interval T _s and leaves T _r , that is to say within the time interval T _s -T _r .

如从以下的附图中所见，在任何象素亮度下(“通”、“断”、或“灰度”)，从V_c(on)至V_c(off)且反之亦然的在选择时间T_s期间的电压变化数变成等于一(相比于图5的任何“灰度”状态的时间间隔内的两次改变)。因此，该方法实现了将V_c电压变化的数量且通过电压变化在电极上感应的分层值减少到二分之一。As can be seen from the following figures, at any pixel brightness ("on", "off", or "grayscale"), from V _c(on) to V _c(off) and vice versa at The number of voltage changes during the selection time T _s becomes equal to one (compared to two changes within the time interval of any "gray" state of Fig. 5). Thus, this method achieves a reduction in half of the number of _Vc voltage changes and the stratification value induced on the electrodes by the voltage changes.

然而，相比于行选择周期T_s的行选择脉冲持续时间Tr的减少导致行脉冲幅度增大T_s/T_r倍。结果，这些脉冲的失真对于准rms电压脉动的平方的影响增大(T_s/T_r)²倍。However, a reduction in the row selection pulse duration Tr compared to the row selection period _Ts results in an increase in the row pulse amplitude by a factor of _Ts / _Tr . As a result, the distortion of these pulses has a factor of ² (T _s /T _r ) greater influence on the square of the quasi-rms voltage ripple.

本发明的第四个原型是美国专利No.5,151,690(Seiko Epson)，有关一种用于一行驱动PM LC显示器的方法。除了期间驱动电压被施加给显示器电极的时间间隔(“驱动时间”) 外，还有一时间周期(“补偿时间”)。在该补偿时间周期期间，信号电极由一附加电压激励，该附加电压是对由早先周期中的图像变化引起的失真进行至少部分补偿所需的。根据对于进行该补偿时间的一时间的先前周期的有关一列电极的“通”和“断”状态之间的变化数来设定该补偿电压。在该附加时间间隔期间，所有的行电极被提供以基准电压。该方法使得减少由于列电压从V_c(on)变至V_c(off)且反之亦然的失真所出现的图像不均匀性。A fourth prototype of this invention is US Patent No. 5,151,690 (Seiko Epson) concerning a method for driving a PM LC display by one row. In addition to the time interval during which the drive voltage is applied to the display electrodes ("drive time"), there is a time period ("compensation time"). During this compensation time period, the signal electrodes are energized by an additional voltage required to at least partially compensate for distortions caused by image changes in earlier periods. The compensation voltage is set according to the number of changes between the "on" and "off" states of the electrodes of one column for a previous period of time during which the compensation is performed. During this additional time interval, all row electrodes are supplied with the reference voltage. This method makes it possible to reduce the image non-uniformity that occurs due to the distortion of the column voltage changing from Vc _(on) to Vc _(off) and vice versa.

上述由行和列电压图(图9)进行说明。电压V_ri和V_cj被分别施加给该显示器的第i行电极和第j列电极，电压V_ij被提供给该单元的ij电极。V₀₁和V₀₂是后续帧周期中的基准电压。驱动电压根据所讨论的第一驱动方法在帧时间间隔T_F内被提供给显示器电极。在完成所有行电极的选择的周期后，在附加时间t_c期间，这些列电极被馈送依据于显示模式的电压。The above is illustrated by the row and column voltage diagram (FIG. 9). Voltages V _ri and V _cj are respectively applied to the i-th row electrode and j-th column electrode of the display, and voltage V _ij is supplied to the ij electrode of the cell. V ₀₁ and V ₀₂ are reference voltages in subsequent frame periods. The drive voltage is supplied to the display electrodes during the frame time interval _TF according to the first drive method in question. After completing the period of selection of all row electrodes, during an additional time _tc , these column electrodes are fed with a voltage depending on the display mode.

该方法弱点在于效率受到限制。最好地，图像亮度的最大失真可被减少一半，而付出的代价是在以前未失真的地方出现附加的相同幅度的失真和相反的极性。The weakness of this method is that the efficiency is limited. Preferably, the maximum distortion of image brightness can be reduced by half at the expense of additional distortion of the same magnitude and opposite polarity where it was not previously distorted.

本发明的第五个原型是美国专利No.5,157,387(Seiko Epson)，有关一种用于一行驱动PM LC显示器的方法。该方法的目的在于生成在整个显示器上的基本上均匀的串扰噪声。其是这样被实现的：在周期T_r期间，将两电压电平施加给列电极，一(高)电平的电压被施加一初级时间间隔而另一(低)电平的电压被施加次级时间间隔。初级时间间隔和次级时间间隔的相对持续时间确定该象索的对比度灰度级。A fifth prototype of this invention is US Patent No. 5,157,387 (Seiko Epson) concerning a method for driving a PM LC display by one row. The purpose of this method is to generate substantially uniform crosstalk noise across the entire display. This is achieved by applying two voltage levels to the column electrodes during the period T _r , a voltage of one (high) level is applied for a primary time interval and a voltage of the other (low) level is applied for a second time level time interval. The relative durations of the primary and secondary time intervals determine the contrast gray level of the pixel.

根据第五原型形成的驱动电压的时间图被示出在图10和图11中。用于行电压V_ri的时间图(图10)不同于第一方法原型的类似时间图(图4)。对于列电压V_cj的附图(图10和图11)与对于V_cj的附图(图5)的区别在于在选择间隔T_r期间，施加几种类型的附加电压电平。Timing diagrams of the driving voltages formed according to the fifth prototype are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 . The timing diagram for the row voltage V _ri ( FIG. 10 ) differs from the similar timing diagram of the first method prototype ( FIG. 4 ). The diagrams for column voltage V _cj ( FIGS. 10 and 11 ) differ from those for V _cj ( FIG. 5 ) in that during the selection interval T _r several types of additional voltage levels are applied.

在图10中给出没有PWM的列电压(V_cj1、V_cj2和V_cj3)的时间图的变型。A variant of the time diagram for the column voltages (V _cj1 , V _cj2 and V _cj3 ) without PWM is given in FIG. 10 .

V_cj1的一附加电平是施加基本(“通”或“断”)电平后施加给该列电极的基准电压V₀₁或V₀₂。V_cj2和V_cj3的一附加电平是相对于基本(“通”或“断”)电平的相对于该基准电压的相对偏移的电平。V_cj1和V_cj2的附加电平总是被分配给由图10中带有箭头的线标记的T_r间隔的结束处(在时间t₁内)。V_cj3的附加电平总是被分配在时间t₂内T_r间隔的开始处。电平t₂和t₃也由带有箭头的线标记。An additional level of V _cj1 is the reference voltage V ₀₁ or V ₀₂ applied to the column electrode after the base ("on" or "off") level is applied. An additional level of _Vcj2 and _Vcj3 is a relative offset from the base ("on" or "off") level relative to the reference voltage. The additional levels of _Vcj1 and _Vcj2 are always assigned at the end of the _Tr interval marked by the arrowed line in Figure 10 (during time _t1 ). The additional level of V _cj3 is always assigned at the beginning of the interval T _r in time t ₂ . Levels _t2 and _t3 are also marked by lines with arrows.

使用PWM方法，两电压电平在时间间隔T_r内被施加给列电极。不象第一种方法的PWM驱动，这些电平之一被分配给时间间隔T_r的中心而另一电平被分配给所述间隔之前和之后。图11示出了形成八种亮度梯度的用于V_cj的时间图的八种变型。所讨论的PWM方法的另一区别是在用于亮度水平“通”和“断”的图上(在图11中的第一和最后图上)的一第二电压电平的存在。Using the PWM method, two voltage levels are applied to the column electrodes within a time interval _Tr . Unlike the PWM drive of the first method, one of these levels is assigned to the center of the time interval _Tr and the other level is assigned to before and after said interval. FIG. 11 shows eight variants of the time diagram for V _cj forming eight brightness gradients. Another difference of the PWM method in question is the presence of a second voltage level on the diagrams for brightness levels "on" and "off" (on the first and last diagram in Fig. 11).

然而，该方法未显著地减少rms失真。根据该方法，所述值的各值的持续时间的一部分被改变而不管附加电压电平的持续时间。该被用于由Alt&Peshko方法设计的显示器的方法可导致图像对比度的降低。However, this approach does not significantly reduce the rms distortion. According to this method, a part of the duration of each of said values is changed irrespective of the duration of the additional voltage level. This approach, which is used for displays designed by the Alt & Peshko method, can lead to a reduction in image contrast.

本发明的第六原型是通过形成“灰度级”梯度的幅度调制驱动PM LC显示器的一行方法。该方法在(JAPAN DISPLAY’92，77-80页)中由T.N.Ruckmonganthan提出。亮度值由值k表示，其中k在一象素亮度范围上从-1至+1地变化。在象素选择的时间间隔T_r期间，列电极被馈电两次。信息电压被特别地变换以使在第一半个间隔T_r，该电极由电压 $(k + \sqrt{1 - k^{2}}) V_{c}$ 馈电，而在第二半个间隔Tr，该电极由电压 $(k - \sqrt{1 - k^{2}}) V_{c}$ 馈电，其中V_c是对于Alt&Peshko寻址的情况的从基准电压V₀偏移的电压的模。A sixth prototype of the invention is a one-line method of driving a PM LC display by amplitude modulation forming "gray scale" gradients. This method was proposed by TNRuckmonganthan in (JAPAN DISPLAY'92, pages 77-80). The brightness value is represented by the value k, where k varies from -1 to +1 over a pixel brightness range. During the pixel selection time interval T _r the column electrodes are fed twice. The information voltage is specially transformed so that in the first half interval T _r the electrode is driven by the voltage $(k + \sqrt{1 - k^{2}}) V_{c}$ feed, while in the second half interval Tr, the electrode is powered by the voltage $(k - \sqrt{1 - k^{2}}) V_{c}$ Feed, where _Vc is the modulo of the voltage offset from the reference voltage _V0 for the case addressed by Alt & Peshko.

Ruckmonganthan的方法的一个优点在于对于任何“灰度”水平，驱动信号的持续时间是恒定的，不象PWM方法中驱动电平的持续时间可以是非常小。因此，Ruckmonganthan的方法在速度上被加强。An advantage of Ruckmonganthan's method is that the duration of the drive signal is constant for any "gray scale" level, unlike the PWM method where the duration of the drive level can be very small. Therefore, Ruckmonganthan's method is enhanced in speed.

Ruckmonganthan的方法的弱点在于在一帧周期内施加给列电极的电压变化的值是可变的。它们的失真限制了改善图像质量和显示速度的可能性。A weakness of Ruckmonganthan's method is that the value of the voltage change applied to the column electrodes during a frame period is variable. Their distortion limits the possibility of improving image quality and display speed.

本发明的第七个原型是是美国专利No.5,093,736(SeikoEpson)，有关一种用于一行驱动具有多个扫描电极(不少于300个)的PM LC显示器的方法。该方法的目的在于提高图像对比度和显示速度。通过在具有高达500的多个行电极的显示器中改变驱动电压，该显示器的最高对比度已被达到。这些显示器已使用各种带有从240°到300°扭曲的分子的LC组分被制做。这些行和列电极被馈以具有“偏置因数”b的、不象(6)、不等于1/(N^1/2+1)、在1/(N^1/2-N/200)到1/(N^1/2-N/50)的范围内的驱动电压。The seventh prototype of the present invention is US Patent No. 5,093,736 (Seiko Epson), concerning a method for driving a PM LC display with multiple scan electrodes (not less than 300) for one row. The purpose of this method is to improve image contrast and display speed. By varying the drive voltage in a display with a number of row electrodes up to 500, the highest contrast ratio of the display has been achieved. These displays have been fabricated using various LC components with molecules twisted from 240° to 300°. These row and column electrodes are fed with a "bias factor" b, unlike (6), not equal to 1/(N ^1/2 +1), between 1/(N ^1/2 -N/200) to Driving voltage in the range of 1/(N ^1/2 -N/50).

然而，该方法未产生高速PM LC显示器。结果不能由在驱动理论的常识中被指示一不完整性的Alt&Peshko理论进行解释。However, this approach did not yield high-speed PMLC displays. The results cannot be explained by the Alt & Peshko theory which is indicated as an incompleteness in the common sense of the driving theory.

本发明的第八个原型是是美国专利No.5,489,919(Asahi Glas公司)，有关一种用于多行驱动PM LC显示器的方法。扫描电极被逐群地选择。一群扫描电极根据对于一给定选择种类所规定的某一次序而被馈以扫描电压(+V_ro或-V_ro)。所述次序将施加选择电压提供给在一帧内被同时选择几次的相同行电极(例如分别在两、三和四行选择下的一帧内的两、三、四次等)。该恒定值的基准电压被提供给未被选择的行电极。An eighth prototype of the present invention is US Patent No. 5,489,919 (Asahi Glas Corporation) concerning a method for driving a PM LC display with multiple rows. Scan electrodes are selected on a group-by-group basis. A group of scan electrodes are supplied with scan voltages (+V _ro or -V _ro ) according to a certain order defined for a given selection category. The sequence provides for applying a selection voltage to the same row electrode that is simultaneously selected several times within a frame (eg two, three, four times, etc. within a frame under two, three, and four row selections, respectively). The reference voltage of this constant value is supplied to the unselected row electrodes.

在该帧周期期间被施加给选择的行电极的电压群被看作为列电压矢量，且可通过Hadamard的矩阵被简短地描述，该矩阵的值+1和-1分别对应于+V_ro和-V_ro。其他形式的矩阵是可用的。例如，其中表示电压-V_ro的值-1被值0所替换的矩阵。The group of voltages applied to selected row electrodes during the frame period is considered as a column voltage vector and can be briefly described by Hadamard's matrix whose values +1 and -1 correspond to +V _ro and - V _ro . Other forms of matrices are available. For example, a matrix in which the value -1 representing the voltage -V _ro is replaced by the value 0.

在图12中示出施加给同时被选择的四行电极的V_r1、V_r2、V_r3和V_r4的四个时间图群(可能的若干变型中的一种)。在这些图上，示出两帧中相对于基准电平V₀₁的电压极性的变化，该变化提供在显示单元的一零平均电压。该帧包括四个场，各场是持续时间T_fld。一选择性动作的持续时间是T_r。对应于图12中的时间图的两所述类型的矩阵在图13中被给出。In Fig. 12 four groups of time patterns (one of several possible variants) of _Vr1 , _Vr2 , _Vr3 and _Vr4 applied to four rows of electrodes selected at the same time are shown. On these figures, the change in polarity of the voltage relative to the reference level V ₀₁ in two frames is shown, which provides a zero average voltage at the display cells. The frame consists of four fields, each field being of duration T _fld . The duration of an optional action is T _r . Two matrices of said type corresponding to the time diagram in FIG. 12 are given in FIG. 13 .

根据放置在与所选择的行电极群相交的列电极处的象素的亮度，该列电极被馈以根据某一程序计算的电压。根据该程序，一列电极被馈以与所获得用于来自选择的象素的各象素的值的总和成比例的电压，该选择的象素是通过在两逻辑值(对应于选择的象素的亮度)下进行“不可兼的或”的运算而选择的，且该逻辑值对应于施加给该象素的行电极的选择电压的极性(图13中的右矩阵)。Depending on the brightness of a pixel placed at a column electrode intersecting a selected group of row electrodes, the column electrode is fed with a voltage calculated according to a certain program. According to this procedure, a column of electrodes is fed with a voltage proportional to the sum of the values obtained for each pixel from the selected pixel, which is passed between two logic values (corresponding to the selected pixel luminance), and the logic value corresponds to the polarity of the selection voltage applied to the row electrode of the pixel (right matrix in FIG. 13 ).

假定在某些时候，四个分别具有对应于称为“数据”的亮度逻辑值(1，1，0，0)的亮度值(例如通，通，断，断)的第j列电极被选择。当这些电压根据(图13)右边矩阵的某些电流列而被施加给选择的行电极，例如具有列值(1，1，1，1)的第一个，该驱动电压被合成一与由符号i表示的所述总和1·1+1·1+1·0+1·0＝2，其中该符号·表示“不可兼的或”函数。类似地，在下一场，在选择这些象素(带有相同数据)的时候，当由值(1，0，1，0)描述的第二群驱动电压被施加给行电极时，列电压与i＝1·1+0·1+1·0+0·0成比例地被合成，因为0·0＝1。在一帧周期中这样各实现四次。Assume that at some point four j-th column electrodes are selected, each having a luminance value (e.g., on, on, off, off) corresponding to a luminance logical value (1, 1, 0, 0) called "data" . When these voltages are applied to selected row electrodes according to certain current columns of the matrix on the right (Fig. 13), for example the first one with column values (1, 1, 1, 1), the drive voltages are combined into one and determined by Said sum 1·1+1·1+1·0+1·0=2 denoted by symbol i, wherein the symbol · represents an "incompatible OR" function. Similarly, in the next field, when these pixels (with the same data) are selected, when the second set of drive voltages described by the values (1,0,1,0) are applied to the row electrodes, the column voltages are the same as i=1·1+0·1+1·0+0·0 are synthesized proportionally because 0·0=1. This is done four times each in one frame period.

该列电压的值与用于四行选择的范围在0至4内，或用于L行(L-象素)选择的范围在0至L内的整数i成比例。在当前时刻被施加到列电极的电压的值由V_c(2i-L)/L定义，其中值V_c被本发明的该原型的作者称为“列电极电压的最大值”。The value of the column voltage is proportional to an integer i in the range 0 to 4 for four row selection, or 0 to L for L row (L-pixel) selection. The value of the voltage applied to the column electrodes at the current moment is defined by V _c (2i-L)/L, where the value V _c is called "maximum value of the column electrode voltage" by the authors of this prototype of the invention.

被选择的象素的各亮度组合被产生作为跟随所述程序合成的电压的多重馈送的结果。Each brightness combination of selected pixels is produced as a result of multiple feeds of voltages synthesized following the procedure.

该方法的目的在于减少帧响应效果，即增大均匀性和图像的对比度、显示尺寸和工作速度。The purpose of this method is to reduce the frame response effect, that is, to increase the uniformity and contrast of the image, the display size and the working speed.

然而，该方法未产生足够的快速显示。分析表明在四行寻址下的帧响应没有减少在特定模式类型下的帧响应。如果四行寻址使用图12所述类型的行选择，对于50％的亮度模式：(1，1，1，1)、或(1，1，0，0)、或(1，0，1，0)、或(1，0，0，1)、或(0，0，0，0)、或(0，0，1，1)、或(0，1，0，1)、(0，1，1，0)，该帧响应增高到一行寻址水平。此外，被设计以这种带有四行寻址的方法工作的这些显示器在三行或七行的情况下可被禁止。However, this method does not produce a sufficiently fast display. Analysis showed that frame response under four-line addressing did not decrease frame response under certain mode types. If four row addressing uses the type of row selection described in Figure 12, for 50% brightness mode: (1,1,1,1), or (1,1,0,0), or (1,0,1 , 0), or (1, 0, 0, 1), or (0, 0, 0, 0), or (0, 0, 1, 1), or (0, 1, 0, 1), (0 , 1, 1, 0), the frame response increases to a row addressing level. Furthermore, the displays designed to work with this method of addressing with four lines can be disabled with three or seven lines.

如上所述，对应于具体方法的电压脉冲通常通过行和列驱动器芯片被形成。这些时钟脉冲和包含象素亮度信息的信号被从带有(或包括)RAM或ROM的控制装置馈送给驱动器。提供电压被从电源馈送给驱动器、控制器和其他装置。在所应用的专利中给出了执行上述方法的装置的电路特性和驱动器方框图。As mentioned above, the voltage pulses corresponding to the particular method are usually formed by the row and column driver chips. These clock pulses and signals containing pixel brightness information are fed to the driver from a control unit with (or comprising) RAM or ROM. The supply voltage is fed from the power supply to drives, controllers and other devices. The circuit characteristics and the driver block diagram of the device for carrying out the method described above are given in the applied patent.

发明概述Summary of the invention

所建议的用于LC显示器的各种驱动方法、驱动装置、和由这些驱动装置驱动的LC显示器是根据基于Alt-Pleshko理论的理论。为了理解本发明的主题，检验其可行性及正面效果，该理论被简述如下Proposed various driving methods for LC displays, driving devices, and LC displays driven by these driving devices are based on theories based on the Alt-Pleshko theory. In order to understand the subject of the present invention, examine its feasibility and positive effect, the theory is briefly described as follows

理论背景Theoretical Background

1)在图2和图3中给出了一电压—亮度特征(VBC)的形式的LCD的一(ij)图像元件的通常的电光特性(EOB)。1) The typical electro-optical characteristics (EOB) of an (ij) picture element of an LCD in the form of a voltage-brightness characteristic (VBC) are given in FIGS. 2 and 3 .

我们的理论是基于替代rms电压的一均方(ms)电压的概念的恒定使用以及基于作为EOB的一均方电压—亮度特性(见图14中的均方电压—亮度特性形式的EOB)。工作区域的边界参数U_th1 ²和U_th2 ²被引入替代U_th、U_th+Δ和Δ。工作参数U_gr ²＝(U_th2 ²+U_th1 ²)/2(工作区域的一中间点、一工作点，“灰度水平”)和D＝U_th1 ²-U_th2 ²(工作区域的宽度)被引进。Our theory is based on the constant use of the concept of a mean square (ms) voltage instead of rms voltage and on a voltage-brightness characteristic as EOB (see EOB in the form of voltage-brightness characteristic in Figure 14). The boundary parameters U _th1 ² and U _th2 ² of the working area are introduced instead of U _th , U _th +Δ and Δ. Working parameters U _gr ² =(U _th2 ² +U _th1 ² )/2 (one middle point of the working area, one working point, "gray level") and D=U _th1 ² -U _th2 ² (width of the working area ) is introduced.

当施加这些电压脉冲引起LCD中的帧响应效果时，我们引进LC单元的准—均方电压(准-ms电压)概念以研究该现象。该LC单元的准-ms电压的各当前瞬时值是一当前时刻LC分子的方向的映射且等于设置同一LC单元的这些LC分子的同一静态方向的ms电压的值。准-ms电压的概念使得可能研究该LC单元内的瞬态过程，计算在施加行和列电压的情况下的图像元素亮度的振荡。不象参数“ms电压”，概念“准-ms电压”的特征在于时间特性“张弛时间”、“响应时间”等。除了图14中所示的静态EOB外，我们引进了代表依据帧频率的亮度的变化的一动态EOB。两种类型的、静态和动态的EOB在图15中被示出，其中亮度B被绘制为ms电压和平均的准ms电压的函数。静态曲线在图15中由点划的曲线表示，动态曲线由实线曲线表示。在图15中，相对于其平均值的准ms电压的稳定振荡导致静态阈值的移位，<U_th1>²到<U_th3>²和<U_th2>²到<U_th4>²。值<Ugr>²被改变了一点。When applying these voltage pulses induces frame response effects in LCDs, we introduce the concept of quasi-mean square voltage (quasi-ms voltage) of the LC cell to study this phenomenon. Each current instantaneous value of the quasi-ms voltage of the LC cell is a map of the orientation of the LC molecules at a current moment and is equal to the value of the ms voltage for the same static orientation of the LC molecules of the same LC cell. The concept of quasi-ms voltages makes it possible to study the transient processes within the LC cell, calculating the oscillations of the brightness of the picture elements under the application of row and column voltages. Unlike the parameter "ms voltage", the concept "quasi-ms voltage" is characterized by time characteristics "relaxation time", "response time", etc. In addition to the static EOB shown in Fig. 14, we introduce a dynamic EOB that represents changes in brightness depending on the frame frequency. Two types of EOB, static and dynamic, are shown in Figure 15, where brightness B is plotted as a function of ms voltage and averaged quasi-ms voltage. Static curves are represented by dotted curves in FIG. 15 , and dynamic curves are represented by solid line curves. In Fig. 15, the steady oscillation of the quasi-ms voltage with respect to its mean value results in a shift of the static threshold, ² to ² and ² to ² . The value <Ugr> ² was changed a bit.

图15允许估算从K＝B_max/B_min到K₁＝B_max1/B_min1的对比度下降的值。Figure 15 allows estimating the value of the contrast drop from K=B _max /B _min to K ₁ =B _max1 /B _min1 .

2)构成参数P＝D/U_gr ²被设定替代p。2) The configuration parameter P=D/U _gr ² is set instead of p.

该单元的LCD参数N_max≡(U_th1 ²+U_th2 ²)²/(U_th2 ²-U_th1 ²)²被精确地写作为N_max≡4/P²≡4U_gr ⁴/D²。The LCD parameter N _max ≡(U _th1 ² +U _th2 ² ) ² /(U _th2 ² −U _th1 ² ) ² for this cell is written exactly as N _max ≡4/P ² ≡4U _gr ⁴ /D ² .

参数<U_gr ²>和D允许计算LCD参数N_max.。The parameters and D allow the calculation of the LCD parameter N _max. .

N_max＝4<U_gr>⁴/(<U_th2>²-<U_th1>²)² (7)N _max ＝4 ⁴ /( ² − ² ) ² (7)

精确如(1)且简单如(2)。Exact as (1) and simple as (2).

另一形式another form

N_max＝<U_gr>²/Δ² (8)N _max = ² /Δ ² (8)

具有相比于(2)好××××倍的精度。Compared with (2), it has ×××× times better precision.

3)我们要求设定LC单元上的ms电压的任何方法是正确的，如果由该方法设定的ms电压处于包括这些边界的该单元的工作带内且不在该工作带之外。3) We require that any method of setting the ms voltage on an LC cell is correct if the ms voltage set by that method is within and not outside the operating band of the cell including these boundaries.

正确寻址LCD所需的min(M_max)标记为N₀。The min(M _max ) required to properly address the LCD is denoted N ₀ .

从(3)得出对于一行寻址的情况N₀＝N。From (3) it follows that N ₀ =N for the case of one row addressing.

理论分析示出具有满足N_max＞N₀的LC单元的LCD可通过一行寻址及通过其他方法被正确地驱动。Theoretical analysis shows that an LCD with LC cells satisfying N _max >N ₀ can be correctly driven by one row addressing and by other methods.

标记为V_ro和V_co的用于任何正确寻址LCD的驱动电压V_r和V_c的值具有min(N_max)＝N或min(N_max)＝N₀。在用具有N_max＞N或N_max＞N₀的LCD替换这样的LCD后，正确驱动电压的幅度必须满足两种类型的联立等式组The values of drive voltages V _r and V _c labeled V _ro and V _co for any correctly addressed LCD have min(N _max )=N or min(N _max )=N ₀ . After replacing such an LCD with an LCD with N _max > N or N _max > N ₀ , the magnitude of the correct driving voltage must satisfy two types of simultaneous equations

${V V}_{r r} = = {V V}_{ro ro} \sqrt{11 + + \sqrt{11 - - ξ ξ}},, {V V}_{c c} = = {V V}_{co co} \overset{1515}{\sqrt{11 - - \sqrt{11 - - ξ ξ}}} - - - - - - ((99))$

$or or {V V}_{r r} = = {V V}_{ro ro} \sqrt{11 - - \sqrt{11 - - ξ ξ}},, {V V}_{c c} = = {V V}_{co co} \sqrt{11 + + \sqrt{11 - - ξ ξ}},, - - - - - - ((1010))$

其中ξ＝min(N_max)/N_max(也就是说ξ＝N/N_max或ξ＝N_o)/N_max)，V_ro和V_co是用于具有N_max＝N的显示器的驱动电压模。where ξ=min(N _max )/N _max (that is, ξ=N/N _max or ξ=N _o )/N _max ), V _ro and V _co are the driving voltages for a display with N _max =N mold.

我们可将公式(9)和(10)写为：We can write equations (9) and (10) as:

${V V}_{r r} = = {V V}_{ro ro} \sqrt{11 + + η η},, {V V}_{c c} = = {V V}_{co co} \sqrt{11 - - η η},, - - - - - - ((1111))$

${V V}_{r r} = = {V V}_{ro ro} \sqrt{11 - - η η},, {V V}_{c c} = = {V V}_{co co} \sqrt{11 + + η η},, - - - - - - ((1212))$

其中in

$η η = = \sqrt{11 - - ξ ξ} - - - - - - ((1313))$

反之亦然，其中由于施加的电压V_r和V_c不同于由Alt和Pleshko引入的(4)和(5)或带有不满足公式(6)的偏置系数b而取得最大对比度的一显示器实际上具有满足下式的一值N_max And vice versa, a display where maximum contrast is achieved due to applied voltages _Vr and _Vc different from (4) and (5) introduced by Alt and Pleshko or with a bias coefficient b that does not satisfy equation (6) Actually has a value N _max satisfying

N_max＝N/(1-η²)， (14)N _max =N/(1-η ² ), (14)

其中η是非单位、where η is a non-unit,

例如，美国专利No.5,093,736(本发明的第七原型)描述了在具有N≥300个复用电极和其值被确定在1/(N^1/2-N/200)到1/(N^1/2-N/50)范围内的偏置比的显示器内一行寻址的方法。For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,093,736 (seventh prototype of the present invention) describes multiplexing electrodes with N ≥ 300 and its value is determined from 1/(N ^1/2 -N/200) to 1/(N ^{1 /2} -N/50) range of bias ratio in the display method of addressing a row.

作者认为该范围提供了较高值的对比度。然而，从分析可见，仅对于带有规定值N_max的构成参数的LC显示器，N_max是大于电极数的一固定倍数(在所述b的范围内，对于N＝400是从1.026到1.4)图像质量提高是可能的。其他带有更小或更大值N_max显示器对于在上述范围内变化的值b，不能达到最高对比度，不管使用大量的N≥300个电极。为了实现对于带有满足所述b的范围的N_max的显示器的高对比度值，它采取由根据(10)或(12)的驱动电压模生成所提供的正确驱动。考虑到准ms振荡(见图15)，另外地需要提高静态值N_max。The authors believe that this range provides contrast at higher values. However, it can be seen from the analysis that only for LC displays with constituent parameters of specified value _Nmax , _Nmax is a fixed multiple greater than the number of electrodes (in the range of b, from 1.026 to 1.4 for N=400) Image quality improvement is possible. Other displays with smaller or larger values of _Nmax cannot achieve the highest contrast for values of b varying within the above range, despite the use of a large number of N≥300 electrodes. In order to achieve high contrast values for a display with _Nmax satisfying the range of b, it assumes the correct drive provided by the drive voltage modulo generation according to (10) or (12). Taking into account quasi-ms oscillations (see FIG. 15 ), it is additionally necessary to increase the static value N _max .

4)根据经典的一行寻址的采用U_gr(不考虑极性)的用于行和列电压的公式(4)和(5)被写为：4) Equations (4) and (5) for row and column voltages with _Ugr (regardless of polarity) according to classical row addressing are written as:

${V V}_{r r} = = {U u}_{gr gr} \sqrt{N N} / / \sqrt{22} - - - - - - ((1515))$

${V V}_{c c} = = {U u}_{gr gr} / / \sqrt{22} - - - - - - ((1616))$

根据经典的两行寻址(不考虑极性)的这些类型的公式为：The formulas for these types according to classical two-row addressing (regardless of polarity) are:

${V V}_{r r} = = {U u}_{gr gr} \sqrt{N N} / / 22,, - - - - - - ((1717))$

V_c＝U_gr，and/or V_c＝0. (18)V _c =U _gr , and/or V _c =0. (18)

根据经典的多行寻址，带有同时被选择的任何整数L个行电极：According to classical multi-row addressing, with any integer number L of row electrodes selected simultaneously:

${V V}_{r r} = = {U u}_{gr gr} \sqrt{N N / / 22 L L},, - - - - - - ((1919))$

${V V}_{c c} = = {U u}_{gr gr} \sqrt{L L / / 22},, and and / / or or = = {U u}_{gr gr} \sqrt{L L / / 22 - - 11},, and and / / or or = = {U u}_{gr gr} \sqrt{L L / / 22 - - 22},, - - - - - - ((2020))$

且如此直至V_c＝0，如果L是偶数；或者如此直至XXXX，如果L是奇数。And so until V _c =0, if L is even; or so until XXXX, if L is odd.

如果L是偶数，V_c的可能的幅值的数等于L/2+1，如果L是奇数，V_c的可能的幅值的数等于(L-1)/2+1。考虑到电压极性，可能的V_c电平的数等于L+1。If L is even, the number of possible magnitudes of _Vc is equal to L/2+1, and if L is odd, the number of possible magnitudes of _Vc is equal to (L-1)/2+1. Taking voltage polarity into account, the number of possible _Vc levels is equal to L+1.

注意具有等于2或幂整数(2，4，8，...)的L的MLA要求使用具有最小值N_max＝N的LCD。在所有其他情况下，min(N_max)＞N。例如，对于L＝3，min(N_max)＝1.33N。Note that an MLA with L equal to 2 or a power of integers (2, 4, 8, . . . ) requires the use of an LCD with a minimum value of N _max =N. In all other cases min(N _max )>N. For example, for L=3, min(N _max )=1.33N.

5)以提高的帧频率，该帧响应被增大但图像质量被损害，因为沿行和列电极传播的行和列电压的脉冲形状失真。5) At increased frame frequency, the frame response is increased but image quality is compromised because the pulse shape of the row and column voltages propagating along the row and column electrodes is distorted.

对于施加给没有串扰的电极的矩形脉冲，在第ij单元的rms平方<Uij>²可被写作为For a rectangular pulse applied to an electrode without crosstalk, the rms squared <Uij> ² of the ijth cell can be written as

${< < {U u}_{ij ij} > >}^{22} = = {< < {U u}_{gr gr} > >}^{22} [[11 + + I I ((i i,, j j)) / / \sqrt{{N N}_{max max}}]] \cdot \cdot [[11 - - {τ τ}_{r r} ((j j)) / / {T T}_{r r} - - {τ τ}_{c c} ((i i)) / / {T T}_{r r}]],, - - - - - - ((21 twenty one))$

其中I(i，j)是在-1和+1之间变化的工作范围(图15中的陡区)内的第ij象素的亮度的数值， ${< U_{gr} >}^{2} [1 + I (i, j) / \sqrt{N_{\max}}]$ 是在不考虑失真的ms电压的工作范围(图15中的陡区)内的准ms电压的第ij单元当前值，Wherein I(i, j) is the numerical value of the brightness of the ijth pixel in the working range (steep region in Fig. 15 ) varying between -1 and +1, ${< u_{gr} >}^{2} [1 + I (i, j) / \sqrt{N_{\max}}]$ is the current value of the ijth cell of the quasi-ms voltage within the operating range of the ms voltage without considering distortion (steep region in Figure 15),

τ_r(i)和τ_c(j)是在一选择时间Tr期间的，规定由在第(i，j)单元的行和列脉冲形状的失真引起的准ms电压降的相对值的时间的值。τ _r (i) and τ _c (j) are during a selection time Tr, specifying the time of the relative value of the quasi-ms voltage drop caused by the distortion of the row and column pulse shape of the (i,j)th unit value.

公式(21)表示准ms电压偏离静态ms电压值的帧频率的比例。这些值τ_r和τ_c随着该单元和施加驱动电压的点之间的距离的增大而增大。当将驱动电压施加给一行电极的两端时，最大值τ_r降低到四分之一。Equation (21) expresses the ratio of the frame frequency at which the quasi-ms voltage deviates from the static ms voltage value. These values _τr and _τc increase with the distance between the cell and the point at which the drive voltage is applied. When a driving voltage is applied across a row of electrodes, the maximum value τ _r is reduced by a quarter.

该电极电阻和电容取决于显示器大小。The electrode resistance and capacitance depend on the display size.

这些值τ_r和τ_c取决于由电压源形成的脉冲电压V_r和V_c的前边和尾边的形状、电压源的输出电阻和图像模式。该单元电容取决于LC分子的方向，即取决于这些单元的ms电压。These values _τr and _τc depend on the shape of the leading and trailing edges of the pulsed voltages _Vr and _Vc formed by the voltage source, the output resistance of the voltage source and the image mode. The cell capacitance depends on the orientation of the LC molecules, i.e. on the ms voltage of these cells.

6)在-RC长线的任何点的一单极或双极脉冲(V_r或V_c)的上升边和下降边引起的瞬态过程的分析示出：6) Analysis of the transients caused by the rising and falling edges of a unipolar or bipolar pulse (V _r or V _c ) at any point on the -RC line shows:

—由(21)的τ_r(i)或τ_c(j)确定的LCD单元的准ms电压在该长线的各点与一输入脉冲的平方的幅度成比例地变化(降低)；- The quasi-ms voltage of the LCD cell determined by _τr (i) or _τc (j) of (21) varies (decreases) at each point of the long line proportionally to the squared amplitude of an input pulse;

—在电平V₀分离的两尖锐电压脉冲宽到足以提供保证其一半由相对于V₀对称的、一单个单极脉冲引起的变化一样大的准ms电压的变化的瞬态过程的阻尼。- Two sharp voltage pulses separated at level _V0 wide enough to provide damping of transients ensuring a quasi-ms voltage change half as large as the change caused by a single unipolar pulse symmetrical with respect to _V0 .

带有阶梯边沿的电压脉冲提供几次τ_r(i)和τ_c(j)的减小。在脉冲上升边RC/2宽度中或外(用于两端被供电的行电极的RC/8宽度)的一单个阶梯可减小单元的准ms电压的变化多达四倍(times)。两个这样的阶梯允许在上升边的准ms电压变化的减少部分的几乎全部补偿达到上升边的准ms电压变化的增大部分。该技术重要的是提供将由变形的脉冲形状引起的准ms电压的不想要的变化抑制到几乎与特定单元的电容C_ij无关的程度。A voltage pulse with a stepped edge provides several reductions in τ _r (i) and τ _c (j). A single step in or outside the RC/2 width of the rising edge of the pulse (RC/8 width for row electrodes powered both ways) can reduce variations in the cell's quasi-ms voltage by up to four times. Two such steps allow almost full compensation of the decreasing part of the quasi-ms voltage variation on the rising edge up to the increasing part of the quasi-ms voltage variation on the rising edge. Importantly, this technique provides suppression of unwanted changes in the quasi-ms voltage caused by the deformed pulse shape to a degree that is almost independent of the capacitance _Cij of a particular cell.

7)在分布电阻电极上的电压的任何变化引起在交叉电容耦合电极的单元上的电压的变化(交叉分层，串扰)。该交叉分层(cross-laying)在单元的电容Cij的再充电时间中逐渐减少。显见列电极上的交叉分层是由行电极上的电压变化引起的且反之亦然。显示器电极上的交叉分层的分布与具体显示象素(显示模式)的亮度、驱动脉冲到达电极的次序和驱动脉冲的幅度无关。7) Any change in voltage across the distributed resistance electrodes causes a change in voltage across the cells of the intersecting capacitively coupled electrodes (cross delamination, crosstalk). This cross-laying gradually decreases during the recharging time of the cell's capacitance Cij. It is evident that cross-delamination on the column electrodes is caused by voltage changes on the row electrodes and vice versa. The distribution of the cross-layers on the electrodes of the display is independent of the brightness of a specific display pixel (display mode), the order in which the drive pulses arrive at the electrodes, and the amplitude of the drive pulses.

行电极上的交叉分层可被分为两种类型。Cross-layering on the row electrodes can be classified into two types.

第一种分层出现在选择周期Tr期间的第i行电极上。该分层造成大致由周期Tr内的所有列电极上的正和负极性脉冲的数目之间的差确定的第(i，j)单元的准ms电压的变化。以该近似表示，被选择的行的所有单元的准ms电压经受不想要的变化 $&PlusMinus; {2 U}_{gr}^{2} τ_{r} \sqrt{A} / \sqrt{N} T_{r}$ (其中A是显示器孔径)。该准ms电压的变化可导致高达由该行电极上的变形的脉冲形状引起的亮度失真的50％的亮度失真。The first stratification occurs on the i-th row electrode during the selection period Tr. This stratification causes a variation in the quasi-ms voltage of the (i, j)th cell approximately determined by the difference between the number of positive and negative polarity pulses on all column electrodes within the period Tr. In this approximation, the quasi-ms voltages of all cells of the selected row undergo unwanted variations $&PlusMinus; {2 u}_{gr}^{2} τ_{r} \sqrt{A} / \sqrt{N} T_{r}$ (where A is the display aperture). Variations in this quasi-ms voltage can result in brightness distortions of up to 50% of the brightness distortion caused by the deformed pulse shape on the row electrodes.

对图象质量的最大负面影响是由第二种分层引起的。该种分层出现在除选择周期以外的时间的行电极上且引起可以是第一种分层引起的××倍的第(i，j)单元的准ms电压的失真。The most negative impact on image quality is caused by the second layering. This kind of stratification occurs on the row electrodes at times other than the selection period and causes a distortion of the quasi-ms voltage of the (i, j)th cell which may be ×× times that caused by the first kind of stratification.

LC单元的准ms电压的变化更多地受到负责负载电容的充电和放电的(微电路驱动器的)输出晶体管的电阻的变化的影响：这些晶体管设定驱动脉冲的上升边和下降边的宽度。其晶体管具有相同输出电阻的驱动器导致准ms电压的最小交叉分层变化。Variations in the quasi-ms voltage of the LC cell are more affected by variations in the resistance of the output transistors (of the microcircuit driver) responsible for charging and discharging the load capacitance: these transistors set the width of the rising and falling edges of the drive pulses. Drivers whose transistors have identical output resistances result in minimal cross-layer variation of quasi-ms voltages.

8)另一时间图需要不仅电压电平的变化，而且需要显示器影响参数N_max的设计特性。8) Another timing diagram requires not only a change in voltage level, but also a design characteristic of the display influencing parameter _Nmax .

让我们假定，在一行或多行选择的行的各行时间间隔T_r期间，设定被选择的(i，j)象素的亮度(通过脉宽调制和/或帧调制)的基本通常信号电压和减少寄生效应的一些附加的电压电平被施加给列电极。每种附加的电压电平具有相同的恒定幅度和相同的恒定持续时间。第一种电平具有持续时间t₀和等于一在此称为零电平的基准电压V₀的值。第二种由具有t_m/2持续时间、相同的模V_m和相对于V₀的不同极性的两电压电平组成。也就是说该组电压电平构成具有总t_m持续时间的一准零电平。让我们写为k_m＝(V_m/V_c)²，其中V_c是具有相同t_o和t_m持续时间以及等于V_c的电平V_m的用于正确(在上述情况下)的一行寻址的列电压值。写出并求解对应的特征公式(在此未给出)，我们获得由所述时间图正确地驱动的LCD的N_max必须具有值：Let us assume that, during each row time interval _Tr of one or more selected rows, the basic usual signal voltage that sets the brightness (by pulse width modulation and/or frame modulation) of the selected (i,j) pixels and to reduce parasitic effects some additional voltage levels are applied to the column electrodes. Each additional voltage level has the same constant magnitude and the same constant duration. The first level has a duration t ₀ and a value equal to a reference voltage V ₀ referred to herein as the zero level. The second consists of two voltage levels with duration _tm /2, same modulus _Vm , and different polarity with respect to _V0 . That is to say that the set of voltage levels constitutes a quasi-zero level with a total duration of t _m . Let us write k _m = (V _m /V _c ) ² , where V _c is a row for the correct (in the above case) with the same t _o and t _m duration and a level V _m equal to V _c Addressed column voltage value. Writing and solving the corresponding characteristic formula (not given here), we obtain that _Nmax must have the value for an LCD to be driven correctly by the timing diagram:

${N N}_{max max o o} = = N N \frac{11 - - {t t}_{o o} / / {T T}_{r r} - - {t t}_{m m} ((11 - - {k k}_{m m})) / / {T T}_{r r}}{{((11 - - {t t}_{o o} / / {T T}_{r r} - - {t t}_{m m} / / {T T}_{r r}))}^{22}} - - - - - - ((22 twenty two))$

如果t_o＜＜T_r，t_m＜＜T_r，且k_m＝1，公式(22)可被写为If t _o << T _r , t _m << T _r , and k _m =1, formula (22) can be written as

${N N}_{max max o o} &cong; &cong; N N [[11 + + (({22 t t}_{m m} + + {t t}_{o o})) / / {T T}_{r r}]] - - - - - - ((23 twenty three))$

在所考虑的时间图中，正确驱动具有N_max＝N_maxo的STN LCD是可能的，如果行和列电压V_ro1和V_co1的所有幅度满足：In the time diagram considered, it is possible to correctly drive an STN LCD with _Nmax = _Nmaxo , if all amplitudes of the row and column voltages _Vro1 and _Vco1 satisfy:

V_ro1＝V_ro， (24)V _ro1 =V _ro , (24)

${V V}_{co co 11} = = \frac{{V V}_{co co}}{\sqrt{11 - - {t t}_{o o} / / {T T}_{r r} - - {t t}_{m m} (({11 - - k k}_{m m})) / / {T T}_{r r}}} - - - - - - ((2525))$

对于不同种类的寻址，公式(15)和(16)、(17)和(18)、(19)和(20)中给出值V_ro和V_co。The values V _ro and V _co are given in equations (15) and (16), (17) and (18), (19) and (20) for different kinds of addressing.

V_m与U_gr相关联为V _m is associated with U _gr as

${V V}_{m m} = = \frac{\sqrt{{k k}_{m m}} {U u}_{gr gr} / / \sqrt{22}}{\sqrt{11 - - {t t}_{o o} / / {T T}_{r r} - - {t t}_{m m} (({11 - - k k}_{m m})) / / {T T}_{r r}}} - - - - - - ((2626))$

从其得出在T_r选择周期期间，具有宽度t_o的附加电平V₀和两附加的相等幅度V_m＝U_gr的相对极性t_m/2宽度电平的两行寻址要求列(信号)电压V_co1等于U_gr。由该选择程序正确驱动的N_max的最小值由以下公式决定：From this it follows that during the _Tr selection period, two row addressing with an additional level _V0 of width _t0 and two additional levels of opposite polarity _tm /2 width of equal magnitude _Vm = _Ugr requires columns The (signal) voltage V _co1 is equal to U _gr . The minimum value of _Nmax properly driven by this selection procedure is determined by the following formula:

${N N}_{max max o o} = = \frac{N N}{{((11 - - 22 {t t}_{o o} / / {T T}_{r r}))}^{22}} - - - - - - ((2727))$

让我们假定在各帧周期T_F的帧选择时间以外，一些时间间隔T_a被加上。在该情况下，存在有等式T_F＝NT_r+T_a替代通常的等式T_F＝NT。假定在时间T_a期间，电压V₀被施加给行电极且准零电压V_m1(是指±V_m1)被施加给列电极。让我们写为k_m1＝(V_m1/V_c)²，其中V_c是具有相同附加的T_a持续时间的等于V_c的准零电平V_m1的用于正确的一行寻址的列电压值。且让我们写出r＝T_a/T_F。从对应的特征公式(在此未给出)，我们获得由所述时间图正确地驱动的LCD的N_max必须具有值_Nmaxo：Let us assume that some time interval T _a is added outside the frame selection time of each frame period T _F . In this case, instead of the usual equation _TF =NT, there exists the equation _TF =NT _r +T _a . Assume that during time _T a voltage V ₀ is applied to the row electrodes and a quasi-zero voltage V _m1 (referred to as ±V _m1 ) is applied to the column electrodes. Let us write k _m1 = (V _m1 /V _c ₎ ² , where V _c is the column voltage for correct row addressing with a quasi-zero level V _m1 equal to V c with the same duration of T _a value. And let us write r=T _a /T _F . From the corresponding characteristic formula (not given here), we obtain that _Nmax for an LCD to be correctly driven by the timing diagram must have the value _Nmaxo :

N_maxo＝N+k_m1r (28)N _maxo = N+k _m1 r (28)

在所考虑的时间图中，正确驱动具有N_max＝N_maxo的STN LCD是可能的，如果行和列电压V_ro2和V_co2的所有幅度满足：In the time diagram considered, it is possible to correctly drive an STN LCD with _Nmax = _Nmaxo , if all amplitudes of the row and column voltages _Vro2 and _Vco2 satisfy:

${V V}_{ro ro 22} = = {V V}_{ro ro} \sqrt{11 + + r r / / N N},, - - - - - - ((2929))$

${V V}_{co co 22} = = {V V}_{co co} \sqrt{\frac{11 + + r r / / N N}{11 + + {k k}_{ml ml} r r / / N N}} - - - - - - ((3030))$

这些结果可应用于该情况：当准零电平的电压被平均地施加于电极时，当在第一帧中加上一极性的该电平且在第二帧中加上另一极性的该电平时。这些结果对于该情况也是可用的：当在各时间间隔T_r内或平均地，具有不同值V_m的几(一、二、...)种准零电平被施加给信号电极时。These results can be applied to the case when a quasi-zero level voltage is applied to the electrodes on average, when this level is applied with one polarity in the first frame and the other polarity in the second frame at this level. These results are also valid for the case when several (one, two, . . . ) quasi-zero levels with different values _Vm are applied to the signal electrodes within each time interval _Tr or on average.

上述的驱动方案可在具有N_max＞N_maxo的显示器中被使用，如果用于行和列电极的驱动电压由关系式(11)或(12)决定，其中η被定义为 $η = \sqrt{1 - N_{ma 0} / N_{\max}}$ 且V_ro应由V_ro1、V_ro2或V_ro3替换及V_co由V_co1、V_co2或V_co3替换。The drive scheme described above can be used in displays with _Nmax > _Nmaxo if the drive voltages for the row and column electrodes are determined by the relationship (11) or (12), where n is defined as $η = \sqrt{1 - N_{ma 0} / N_{\max}}$ And V _ro should be replaced by V _ro1 , V _ro2 or V _ro3 and V _co should be replaced by V _co1 , V _co2 or V _co3 .

用于参数N_max且用于行和列电压的表达式允许估计电压—时间图形式对显示器的成像质量的影响。该估计有助于确定良好的图象质量所需的条件。The expressions for the parameter _Nmax and for the row and column voltages allow to estimate the influence of the voltage-time pattern on the imaging quality of the display. This estimate helps determine the conditions required for good image quality.

上述的理论介绍用于支持下述的驱动方法的可行性。The above theoretical introduction is used to support the feasibility of the driving method described below.

发明概述Summary of the invention

本发明包含有几个实施例，各实施例改善了LC显示器的图象均匀性和对比度并增大了工作速度和尺度。这些实施例允许无源矩阵显示器的特性可比于有源矩阵的显示器特性。The present invention consists of several embodiments which improve the image uniformity and contrast of LC displays and increase operating speed and scale. These embodiments allow the characteristics of passive matrix displays to be comparable to those of active matrix displays.

第一实施例是驱动一LCD的方法的第一种变型。该LC显示器具有一面板，该面板包括有基底，在其中一基底上有一扫描(行)电极的阵列且在另一基底上有一信号(列)电极的阵列。插在两基底之间的LC材料设置在所述电极的交叉点之间的LC单元。LC单元生成该显示器的显示元素(或象素)，设置其大小(直接地或作为一投射显示器的起始元素)并确定改变其亮度作为该单元电极上的电压的一函数。 The first embodiment is a first modification of the method of driving an LCD. The LC display has a panel comprising substrates with an array of scan (row) electrodes on one substrate and an array of signal (column) electrodes on the other substrate. The LC material interposed between the two substrates provides the LC cell between the intersections of the electrodes. The LC cell generates the display elements (or pixels) of the display, sets their size (either directly or as the starting element of a projection display) and determines to change their brightness as a function of the voltage on the cell's electrodes.

通过将扫描电压施加至选择的扫描电极并将一基准电压(V₀电平)施加至未选择的扫描电极而逐一或逐群顺序地选择扫描电极。Scan electrodes are sequentially selected one by one or group by group by applying a scan voltage to selected scan electrodes and applying a reference voltage (V ₀ level) to unselected scan electrodes.

在一选择周期T_r期间，通过或者不同于基准电平V₀的电压(称之为有意义的电平)或者V₀电平或者两者的组合而被激励。当被选择的象素的不同(当前)亮度通过改变它们的组合或它们的持续时间而被获得时，这些有意义(signified)的电压电平和基准电压电平被称为基本电平。During a selection period _Tr , it is excited by either a voltage different from the reference level _V0 (called the meaningful level) or the _V0 level or a combination of both. These signed and reference voltage levels are called base levels when different (current) brightnesses of selected pixels are obtained by varying their combination or their duration.

此外，在一选择周期T_r期间，具有一恒定持续时间(t_o)的一附加V₀电压电平被施加给信号电极。值V₀的这些宽(to-wide)电平是实现该方法的第一种变型的要点。该附加电平被施加在相反极性的两电平之间(该极性是相对于电平V0而被确定的)。当在周期T_r内没有两极性的有意义的电平时，附加电压被施加给列电极，与基准电压一起，如果它存在的话(这样增大了基准电压电平的宽度)或者在T_r的任何部分，如果基准电压不存在的话。Furthermore, during a selection period T _r , an additional V ₀ voltage level with a constant duration (t _o ) is applied to the signal electrodes. These to-wide levels of value V ₀ are the point of realizing the first variant of the method. This additional level is applied between two levels of opposite polarity (the polarity being determined with respect to level V0). When there is no meaningful level of bipolarity during the period _Tr , an additional voltage is applied to _the column electrodes, together with the reference voltage, if it is present (thus increasing the width of the reference voltage level) or at Any part, if the reference voltage is not present.

该方法的第一种变型使得LC单元的准ms电压的寄生(parasitic)变化的双重增大。该方法的第一种变型导致图象质量和对比度的改善，和更大的屏幕尺寸及工作速度(后者的实现是因为提高的单元选择速率)。A first variant of this method results in a double increase in the parasitic variation of the quasi-ms voltage of the LC cell. The first variant of the method results in improved picture quality and contrast, and larger screen sizes and operating speeds (the latter being achieved due to increased cell selection rates).

施加附加电压减少了适用于脉冲宽度调制、帧调制或任何其他种类的调制并需要显示参数的变化的间隔T_r的部分。Applying the additional voltage reduces the part of the interval T _r which is suitable for pulse width modulation, frame modulation or any other kind of modulation and which requires a change of the display parameter.

改变在T_r内的信号电极上的基本电压电平的宽度应遵循一定的规则。根据该规则，对于一行选择的情况，在T_r内有意义的电平的总共持续时间被保持恒定且等于T_r-t_o。当同时选择一群行时，相对于选择的每个周期T_r，某一平均参数被保持恒定且等于T_r-t_o。该参数被定义为周期T_r上的每个基本有意义的电平的持续时间与所述有意义的电平模(相对于V₀)对用于同一显示器的正确一行寻址的模的反比的平方的乘积的平均总和。所述一行寻址是以所述附加的V₀电平的同一恒定持续时间t_o被实现的。周期T_r上的平均值是通过在帧时间内选择相同显示元素的所有选择周期期间对所述总和进行时间平均且通过将结果倍增成T_r而获得的。Changing the width of the basic voltage level on the signal electrode within T _r should follow certain rules. According to this rule, the total duration of meaningful levels within T _r is kept constant and equal to T _r -t _o for the case of a row selection. When selecting a group of rows simultaneously, with respect to each period T _r of selection, a certain average parameter is kept constant and equal to T _r -t _o . This parameter is defined as the inverse ratio of the duration of each substantially meaningful level over a period T _r to the modulus of said significant level (with respect to V ₀ ) to the correct row addressing for the same display The average sum of the products of the squares of . The addressing of one row is effected with the same constant duration t _o of the additional V ₀ level. The average value over period _Tr is obtained by time-averaging the sum during all selection periods in which the same display element is selected within the frame time and by multiplying the result by _Tr .

通过该方法的该变型的正确驱动要求设计并使具有构成参数N_max的屏幕等于或大于其于该变型的时间图有关的最小值(N_maxo)。根据(22)， $N_{\max o} = \frac{N}{(1 - t_{o} / T_{r})} .$ 驱动电平V_ro1和V_ro2的适当幅度可自(24)和(25)被确定。从(25)，得出在宽度t_o和幅度V₀的附加电平的帮助下的正确L行选择包含用于所有有意义的电平的电平幅度的 $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - t_{o} / T_{r}}}$ 倍增大。Correct driving by this variant of the method requires designing and having a screen with a configuration parameter N _max equal to or greater than its minimum value (N _maxo ) related to the time profile of this variant. According to (22), $N_{\max o} = \frac{N}{(1 - t_{o} / T_{r})} .$ Appropriate magnitudes of drive levels V _ro1 and V _ro2 can be determined from (24) and (25). From (25), it follows that the correct L row selection with the help of additional levels of width t _o and amplitude V ₀ contains the level amplitudes for all meaningful levels $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - t_{o} / T_{r}}}$ doubled.

该方法的该变型的该原型是没有脉冲宽度调制的一LC显示器的一行寻址的方法(Seiko Epson的美国专利5,157,387；见第五原型)。该方法的关键特征是在各选择周期内生成信号电压的两电平。The prototype of this variant of the method is the method of row addressing of an LC display without pulse width modulation (US Patent 5,157,387 to Seiko Epson; see fifth prototype). A key feature of the method is the generation of two levels of signal voltage during each selection period.

图10示出了该原型方法的实现(见用于V_cj1，V_cj2和V_cj3的附图)，包括使用基准电压V₀作为两电平之一的实现。Figure 10 shows an implementation of this prototype method (see figures for V _cj1 , V _cj2 and V _cj3 ), including an implementation using the reference voltage V ₀ as one of the two levels.

该原型方法减少了由串扰引起的显示的不均匀度。The prototype method reduces display non-uniformity caused by crosstalk.

对于一行寻址，该方法的第一种变型与该原型方法的不同之处在于它使用在相反极性的两有意义的电平之间的周期T_r内被施加给信号电极的一附加基准电压V₀。在该情况下，在T_r期间，根据显示的图象，三个电平而非两个电平可被施加给信号电极。For one row addressing, a first variant of the method differs from the prototype method in that it uses an additional reference applied to the signal electrode during the period _Tr between two meaningful levels of opposite polarity. voltage V ₀ . In this case, during _Tr , three levels instead of two levels can be applied to the signal electrodes depending on the displayed image.

另一差别在于多行寻址。Another difference is in multi-row addressing.

图16示出了在一行寻址的情况下施加给扫描电极和信号电极的电压V_ri和V_cj的时间图，在它们应处于该方法的第一种变型内。象素被设置到“通”、“断”，及到中间(“灰度”)状态。在用于V_cj的图中，指针标记了电压V₀被施加给信号电极的周期。FIG. 16 shows a timing diagram of the voltages V _ri and V _cj applied to the scan and signal electrodes in the case of one-line addressing, as they should be within the first variant of the method. Pixels are set to "on", "off", and to intermediate ("grayscale") states. In the diagram for _Vcj , the pointer marks the period during which the voltage _V0 is applied to the signal electrode.

不象图5中所示的图(第一种原型)和图10中的所有图(第五原型方法)，这些图V_cj具有在间隔T_r上施加在两相反极性的有意义的电平V_c之间的附加电平V₀。图10中用于V_cj1的图看起来很象图16中用于V_cj的图但不具有T_r内的三个电压电平。Unlike the plots shown in Fig. 5 (first prototype) and all the plots in Fig. 10 (fifth prototype approach), these plots _Vcj have meaningful voltages of opposite polarities applied across the interval _Tr . Additional level V ₀ between flat V _c . The plot for _Vcjl in Figure 10 looks a lot like the plot for _Vcj in Figure 16 but without the three voltage levels within _Tr .

图17示出了行选择电压V_ri和V_r(i+1)和列信号电压V_cj的时间图。这些图覆盖了两帧周期的长度并说明在两行寻址模式下的该方法的第一种原型的工作。该寻址可比于作为所讨论的方法的多行寻址模式的一变型的第八原型方法。在用于V_cj的图中，指针标记了施加基准电压V₀的周期t_o。在第八原型方法的这些图中没有这些间隔。在脉冲长度调制的帮助下，图V_cj将同时被选择的象素对的状态设置到(通通)，(断断)，及(灰度灰度)。在第八原型方法中没有该技术但在该方法的第十一种原型中被引入。FIG. 17 shows a timing diagram of the row selection voltages V _ri and V _r(i+1) and the column signal voltage V _cj . These figures cover the length of two frame periods and illustrate the operation of the first prototype of the method in the two-row addressing mode. This addressing is comparable to the eighth prototype method which is a variant of the multi-row addressing mode of the method in question. In the graph for V _cj the pointer marks the period t _o during which the reference voltage V ₀ is applied. These intervals are absent in these figures of the eighth prototype method. With the help of pulse length modulation, map V _cj sets the states of simultaneously selected pairs of pixels to (on), (off), and (grayscale grayscale). This technique was not present in the eighth archetype method but was introduced in the eleventh archetype of the method.

第二实施例是驱动一LCD的方法的第二种变型。该LC显示器在第一实施例中被描述。 The second embodiment is a second modification of the method of driving an LCD. The LC display is described in the first embodiment.

在一选择周期T_r期间，通过或者不同于基准电平V₀的(有意义的)电压或者V₀电平或者两者的组合而被激励。这些基本电平通过改变它们的组合或它们的宽度来设置在一选择的象素上或一选择群的象素上亮度的当前值。对该单元准ms电压的不想要的失真(其影响象素亮度)进行补偿也被施加给扫描电极。During a selection period T _r , is excited by either a (significant) voltage different from the reference level V ₀ or the V ₀ level or a combination of both. These base levels set the current value of brightness on a selected pixel or on a selected group of pixels by varying their combination or their width. Compensation for unwanted distortion of the cell quasi-ms voltage, which affects pixel brightness, is also applied to the scan electrodes.

该方法的第二种变型的特色在于在选择周期期间，施加具有不同极性、与V₀电平偏离的相同恒定模的和恒定及相等持续时间的两附加电压电平。这两附加的相对于基准电平V₀的相反极性的t_m/2持续时间的V_m高电平被我们称为t_m持续时间的准基准电平。这些电平不控制当前象素亮度，但设置对于屏幕上的任何模式的一帧周期上的一信号电极上的一恒定数量的电压切换。该特点使得几乎全部去除由脉冲边沿失真引起的准ms电压的脉动。该方法不能消除的剩余脉动由单元电容对该单元ms电压的依赖性确定且相对较小。该特点还显著地增大了被使用以减小不想要的单元亮度的变化的补偿电压的效率。具体补偿电压的例子在该方法的第七和第八种变型中被给出。剩余的不想要的脉动通过该方法的第九种变型被去除(见第十实施例)。A second variant of the method is characterized in that during the selection period, two additional voltage levels of different polarity, of the same constant magnitude of deviation from the _V0 level and of constant and equal duration are applied. These two additional high levels of _Vm of duration _tm /2 of opposite polarity with respect to reference level _V0 are called quasi-reference levels of duration _tm . These levels do not control the current pixel brightness, but set a constant number of voltage toggles on a signal electrode over a frame period for any mode on the screen. This feature makes quasi-ms voltage pulsation caused by pulse edge distortion almost completely removed. The remaining ripple that cannot be eliminated by this method is determined by the dependence of the cell capacitance on the cell ms voltage and is relatively small. This feature also significantly increases the efficiency of the compensation voltage used to reduce unwanted variations in cell brightness. Examples of specific compensation voltages are given in the seventh and eighth variants of the method. The remaining unwanted pulsations are removed by the ninth variant of the method (see tenth embodiment).

该方法的第二种变型的使用改善了图象质量和对比度，并增大了显示尺寸和工作速度。The use of the second variant of the method improves image quality and contrast, and increases display size and working speed.

该方法的该第二种变型的该原型是致动一LC显示器的方法(Seiko Epson的美国专利5,157,387；见第五原型方法)其具有以下特征：The prototype of this second variant of the method is a method of actuating an LC display (US Patent 5,157,387 to Seiko Epson; see fifth prototype method) which has the following characteristics:

——选择电压被施加给扫描电极之一，- the selection voltage is applied to one of the scan electrodes,

—在周期Tr期间，两电平电压被施加给这些信号电极，一(高)电平的电压被施加一初级时间间隔且另一(低)电平的电压被施加次级时间间隔，- during the period Tr, a two-level voltage is applied to the signal electrodes, a voltage of one (high) level is applied for a primary time interval and a voltage of the other (low) level is applied for a secondary time interval,

—该初级和次级间隔的相对持续时间确定了该象素的对比度灰度水平。- The relative duration of the primary and secondary intervals determines the contrast gray level of the pixel.

该原型方法的使用导致生成在整个显示上的基本上均匀的串扰噪声。Use of this prototyping method results in the generation of substantially uniform crosstalk noise across the entire display.

该方法的第二种变型与该原型方法的不同之处在于：The second variant of the method differs from the prototype method in that:

—它也使用多行选择，— it also uses multiline selection,

—它使用单元准ms电压变化的电压补偿，— it uses voltage compensation for quasi-ms voltage variations of the unit,

—在周期tr期间，相反极性、相同恒定幅度和恒定相等的持续时间的两附加电压电平被施加给信号电极，- during the period tr, two additional voltage levels of opposite polarity, of the same constant amplitude and of constant equal duration are applied to the signal electrodes,

—这些相反极性附加电平的持续时间不决定该象素的图象对比度。- The duration of these additional levels of opposite polarity does not determine the image contrast of the pixel.

在该方法的第二种变型中，用于脉冲长度调制或帧调制的周期T_r的部分被减少到T_r-t_m。在该正确一行寻址模式下，对于周期T_r，有意义的电平的总共宽度被保持恒定且等于T_r-t_m。在该正确多行寻址中，该参数被定义为周期Tr上的每个基本有意义的电平的持续时间与所述有意义的电平模(相对于V₀)对用于同一显示器的正确一行寻址的模的反比的平方的乘积的平均总和。所述一行寻址是以所述附加电平对的相同恒定值的持续时间t_m/2和相同恒定V_m幅度被实现的。周期T_r上的平均值是通过在帧时间内选择相同显示元素的所有选择周期期间对所述总和进行时间平均且通过将结果倍增成T_r而获得的。In a second variant of the method, the part of the period T _r used for pulse length modulation or frame modulation is reduced to T _r −t _m . In this correct row addressing mode, for a period T _r , the total width of the meaningful levels is kept constant and equal to T _r -t _m . In this correct multi-row addressing, this parameter is defined as the duration of each substantially meaningful level over the period Tr versus said significant level modulo (with respect to V ₀ ) for the same display The average sum of the products of the inverse squares of the modulo of correct row addressing. The addressing of one row is effected with a duration t _m /2 of the same constant value of the additional level pair and with the same constant V _m amplitude. The average value over period _Tr is obtained by time-averaging the sum during all selection periods in which the same display element is selected within the frame time and by multiplying the result by _Tr .

一起使用该方法的第一和第二变型是切合实际的。在该情况下，T_r-t_m被T_r-t_m-t_o替代。It is practical to use the first and second variants of the method together. In this case, T _r -t _m is replaced by T _r -t _m -t _o .

该方法的第二种原型的实现要求显示器的N_max不小于自(22)和(23)求出的N_maxo。Implementation of the second prototype of the method requires that _Nmax of the display is not smaller than _Nmaxo found from (22) and (23).

可自(24)和(25)确定保证可能用于一给出的寻址模式的带有值N_amxo的显示器的正确驱动的驱动电压幅度V_ro1和V_co1。The driving voltage amplitudes V _ro1 and V _co1 which guarantee correct driving of a display with value N _amxo possible for a given addressing mode can be determined from (24) and (25).

图18示出了对于一行寻址的情况的，根据该方法的所述变型的被施加给第i扫描电极和第j信号电极的驱动电压V_ri和V_cj的时间图。这些图覆盖了两帧周期的长度。在用于V_cj的图中，指针标记了宽度t_m/2的附加准基准电平。这里这些电平的幅度被示出等于这些基本电平，通常可能不是该情况。(在本发明的第十实施例中，例如不等于基本电压的电平V_m可被用于获得前面阶梯的形状的信号电压脉冲)。这些指针还示出根据该方法的第一驱动变型被引入的V₀电平。用于V_cj的图将具体的象素设置到“通”、“断”和“灰度”状态。FIG. 18 shows a timing diagram of driving voltages V _ri and V _cj applied to the i-th scan electrode and the j-th signal electrode according to the variant of the method for the case of one-line addressing. These figures cover the length of two frame periods. In the diagram for V _cj the pointer marks an additional quasi-reference level of width t _m /2. Here the amplitudes of these levels are shown to be equal to these base levels, which may not normally be the case. (In a tenth embodiment of the invention eg a level _Vm not equal to the base voltage can be used to obtain the signal voltage pulse in the shape of the preceding staircase). These pointers also show the V ₀ level introduced according to the first drive variant of the method. The maps for V _cj set specific pixels to the "on", "off" and "grayscale" states.

图19示出了对于两帧长度的在两行寻址的情况的，被施加给第i和第i+1扫描电极和第j信号电极的驱动电压V_ri、V_r(i+1)和V_cj的时间图。这些图被给出例示在多行寻址模式下的第二驱动方法的使用。指针标记了施加给信号电极的宽度t_m/2和相反极性的附加电平。这些附加电平被示出也等于这些基本电平。这些指针还标记了幅度V₀和宽度t_o的附加电平。用于V_cj的图示出了根据本发明的第十一实施例的脉冲长度调制被选择的象素对的状态(通，通)、(断，断)和(灰度，灰度)。19 shows the drive voltages V _ri , V _r(i+1) and Time plot of V _cj . These figures are given to illustrate the use of the second driving method in multi-row addressing mode. The pointer marks an additional level of width _tm /2 and opposite polarity applied to the signal electrode. These additional levels are shown to be equal to these basic levels as well. These pointers also mark additional levels of amplitude V ₀ and width t _o . The graph for _Vcj shows the states (on, on), (off, off) and (grayscale, grayscale) of the pulse length modulated selected pixel pairs according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

该实施例是给出的该方法的主要方面且在该方法的所有其他变型中有所帮助。This example is given the main aspect of the method and helps in all other variants of the method.

第三实施例是驱动一LCD的方法的第三种变型。该LC显示器在第一实施例中被描述。 The third embodiment is a third modification of the method of driving an LCD. The LC display is described in the first embodiment.

通过将扫描电压施加至选择的扫描电极并将一基准电压(V0电平)施加至未选择的扫描电极而逐一或逐群顺序地选择扫描电极。Scan electrodes are sequentially selected one by one or group by group by applying a scan voltage to selected scan electrodes and applying a reference voltage (V0 level) to unselected scan electrodes.

在一选择周期T_r期间，基本电平电压(或者有意义的电平、或者基准电平、或者有意义的与基准电平的组合)连同恒定的且相等的持续时间(tm/2)和相反极性的相同恒定模V_m的附加电平一起被施加给信号电极。该基本电平的持续时间可从零持续时间变至某一值以提供一选择的象素或选择的象素群的亮度的控制。During a selection period _Tr , the basic level voltage (or meaningful level, or reference level, or a combination of meaningful and reference levels) together with constant and equal duration (tm/2) and An additional level of the same constant mode _Vm of opposite polarity is applied to the signal electrodes together. The duration of the base level can be varied from a zero duration to a value to provide control of the brightness of a selected pixel or group of pixels.

该方法的该变型的新特点包括这些电压电平在周期T_r上被施加给信号电极的一特定次序。该次序是正向的或反向的。相对于基本电平V₀的一极性的偏移V_m的附加电平被分配给周期T_r的边界部分(一电平被分配给开始部分而另一电平被分配给T_r的结束部分)。The novel feature of this variant of the method consists in a specific order in which the voltage levels are applied to the signal electrodes over the period _Tr . The order is forward or reverse. An additional level shifted _Vm of one polarity with respect to the basic level _V0 is assigned to the boundary part of the period _Tr (one level is assigned to the beginning part and the other level is assigned to the end of _Tr part).

在后继的周期T_r中，将这些电压电平施加给信号电极的所述次序根据自周期T_r的开始部分(因此，在结束部分)中的V₀电平偏移的电压电平的极性的改变而变化。正极性被设置在一周期T_r的开始处而负极性被设置在下一周期T_r的开始处。该特色使得一周期T_r中的结束处有意义的电平与下一周期T_r中的开始处电平相汇合。In subsequent periods _Tr , the described order of applying these voltage levels to the signal electrodes depends on the order of the voltage levels shifted from the _V0 level in the beginning part (and thus, in the end part) of the period _Tr . change with sex. Positive polarity is set at the beginning of one period _Tr and negative polarity is set at the beginning of the next period _Tr . This feature allows the meaningful level at the end of one period _Tr to merge with the level at the beginning of the next period _Tr .

这些交替在一些交变时间的期间被继续。这些极性交变出现的周期T_r数目可通过补偿电压被提供给扫描电极的附加时间被限制(例如见第八实施例)。这些电平被施加给信号电极的次序可能不同(见第五实施例)或在一行寻址下的基准电压电平的改变的次序不同(见图18)等。These alternations are continued during some alternation times. The number of periods _Tr in which these polarity alternations occur can be limited by the additional time during which the compensating voltage is supplied to the scan electrodes (see eg the eighth embodiment). The order in which these levels are applied to the signal electrodes may be different (see the fifth embodiment) or the order in which the reference voltage levels are changed under one-line addressing (see FIG. 18 ), etc. may be different.

用于驱动一LCD屏幕的第三、第二和第一变型的结合使用在图18(一行寻址模式)和图19(两行寻址模式)中被示出。在两附图中的用于V_cj的图说明了电压极性，包括周期T_r的开始和结束处的附加电平的交变(正—负，负—正等)。电压发生改变且LCD单元的准ms电压的寄生变化的数量双重地减少。The combined use of the third, second and first variants for driving an LCD screen is shown in Figure 18 (one row addressing mode) and Figure 19 (two row addressing mode). The diagrams for _Vcj in both figures illustrate the voltage polarity, including the alternation of additional levels (positive-negative, negative-positive, etc.) at the beginning and end of the period _Tr . The voltage changes and the number of parasitic changes in the quasi-ms voltage of the LCD cell is doubly reduced.

该方法的第三变型的原型是Matsushita的美国专利5,162,932(第三原型方法)，该专利—原型的目的在于提高屏幕上的图象质量。A prototype of a third variant of this method is US Patent 5,162,932 by Matsushita (Third Prototype Method), which aims at improving the image quality on the screen.

图8示出了对应于该原型的行和列电压的时间图。Figure 8 shows the timing diagram of the row and column voltages corresponding to this prototype.

该原型的特征在于：This prototype is characterized by:

—一行寻址模式；— one row addressing mode;

—在扫描周期T_s期间(其中NTs＝T_F且N是被扫描的行的数目，T_F是帧周期)，两电平V_On和V_Off被施加给信号电极用于照明或不照明该被选择的象素；- During the scanning period T _s (where NTs = _TF and N is the number of rows scanned, _TF is the frame period), two levels V _On and V _Off are applied to the signal electrode for illuminating or not illuminating the the selected pixel;

—行选择周期T_r小于扫描周期T_s；- the row selection period T _r is less than the scan period T _s ;

—对扫描周期T_s的开始部分和结束部分的V_On和V_Off分配在后继的扫描周期的间隔处被反转。- The assignment of V _On and V _Off to the beginning and end of the scan period T _s is reversed at intervals of subsequent scan periods.

所建议的方法的该变型与该原型方法的不同之处在于：This variant of the proposed method differs from the prototype method in that:

—没有行选择周期T_r小于扫描周期T_s的迹象；- there is no indication that the row selection period _Tr is smaller than the scanning period _Ts ;

—在周期T_r上多于两个的电压电平被施加给一列；- more than two voltage levels are applied to a column during the period _Tr ;

—也有一多行寻址；— There is also multi-line addressing;

—在周期T_r期间，相等幅度、宽度和相反极性(相对于基准电平V₀)的两附加电平被施加给一信号电极；- during the period _Tr , two additional levels of equal amplitude, width and opposite polarity (relative to the reference level _V0 ) are applied to a signal electrode;

—这些附加电平在周期T_r的开始处和结束处起作用；– these additional levels act at the beginning and at the end of the period _Tr ;

—在Tr期间，所有电压电平按一定的次序被施加给一信号电极；- during Tr, all voltage levels are applied to a signal electrode in a certain order;

—后继扫描周期的间隔处的交变的迹象是极性的交变(正—负，负—正)而非状态的交变“通”—“断”、“断”—“通”。- Evidence of alternation at intervals of subsequent scan cycles is an alternation of polarity (positive-negative, negative-positive) rather than an alternation of states "on"-"off", "off"-"on".

在该方法的该变型中的行选择电平的幅度小于该原型方法中的行选择电平的幅度。这减小了帧响应效应。The magnitude of the row selection level in this variant of the method is smaller than the magnitude of the row selection level in the prototype method. This reduces frame response effects.

该方法的第三种变型的使用改善了图象质量和对比度，并使得可增大显示器尺寸和工作速度。The use of the third variant of the method improves the image quality and contrast and allows an increase in display size and operating speed.

第四实施例是驱动一LCD的方法的第四种变型。该LC显示器在第一实施例中被描述。 The fourth embodiment is a fourth modification of the method of driving an LCD. The LC display is described in the first embodiment.

在一选择周期T_r期间，基准电平电压(或者有意义的电平、或者基准电平、或者有意义的与基准电平的组合)连同恒定的且相等的持续时间(t_m/2)和相反极性、自V₀电平的偏移的相同恒定模V_m的附加平一起被施加给信号电极。该基本电平的持续时间可从零持续时间变至某一值以提供一选择的象素或选择的象素群的亮度的控制。During a selection period T _r , the reference level voltage (or meaningful level, or reference level, or a combination of meaningful and reference levels) together with a constant and equal duration (t _m /2) An additional level of the same constant modulus V _m is applied to the signal electrode along with the opposite polarity, shifted from the level of V ₀ . The duration of the base level can be varied from a zero duration to a value to provide control of the brightness of a selected pixel or group of pixels.

在周期T_r期间，驱动脉冲按一特定次序(正向地或反向地)被施加给信号电极。一极性的附加电平V_m被分配给周期T_r的开始部分而相反极性的附加电平V_m被分配给周期T_r的结束部分。During the period _Tr , drive pulses are applied to the signal electrodes in a certain sequence (forward or reverse). An additional level _Vm of one polarity is assigned to the beginning of the period _Tr and an additional level _Vm of the opposite polarity is assigned to the end of the period _Tr .

该方法的该变型的新特点是相反极性的电平被施加给列电极以提供串扰分层的空间补偿。为此，在周期T_r期间，电压电平被施加给相邻的信号电极或施加给远离一或两个电极的信号电极或施加给具有另一种致动序列的信号电极以使分配给周期T_r的开始部分(且因此给结束部分)的电平具有自V₀电平的相反极性的偏移。A novel feature of this variant of the method is that levels of opposite polarity are applied to the column electrodes to provide spatial compensation of the crosstalk layering. To this end, during a period _Tr , a voltage level is applied to an adjacent signal electrode or to a signal electrode that is one or two electrodes away or to a signal electrode with another actuation sequence so as to be assigned to the period The level of the beginning part (and thus the end part) of T _r has an offset of opposite polarity from the level of V ₀ .

用于两行寻址的该方法的第三、第二和第一LCD驱动变型的结合使用在图20被给出。该附图示出了行驱动电压V_ri和V_r(i+1)和列驱动电压V_cj和V_c(j+1)，和在(i，j)单元的结果电压(V_cj-V_ri)的时间图。这些时间图覆盖了一帧的两个场和下一帧的第一场的开始。这些时间图描述了当所有的显示单元具有相同亮度，即它们全处于“通”状态的时刻。不使用该方法的该变型，在此情况下，该图象将具有最高可能水平的串扰分层和最大阴影的白象素。对白北京的小的黑色区域将具有最大的白色且该图象将具有最低的对比度。图20示出了有列电压中的同步变化引起的行电压尖峰(第一和第二种的串扰分层)。The combined use of the third, second and first LCD drive variants of this method for two row addressing is given in FIG. 20 . The figure shows row drive voltages V _ri and V _r(i+1) and column drive voltages V _cj and V _c(j+1) , and the resulting voltage at cell (i, j) (V _cj -V time diagram of _ri ). These time maps cover the two fields of one frame and the start of the first field of the next frame. These timing diagrams describe the moment when all display elements have the same brightness, ie they are all "on". Without this variant of the method, in which case the image would have the highest possible level of crosstalk layering and the most shaded white pixels. The small black areas of white Beijing will have maximum white and the image will have the lowest contrast. Figure 20 shows a row voltage spike caused by a synchronous change in column voltage (crosstalk layering of the first and second types).

从图20得出在相邻信号电极上的驱动电压的相反极性导致在选择的行电极上的第一种串扰分层的相反极性和对应单元的准ms电压的变化的补偿。最好的补偿是通过采用根据第七实施例工作的驱动电子器件而实现的(该设计通过使它们的幅度几乎相等而提供了在单元准ms电压上的相反极性电压尖峰(spike)的最小结合效应)。From Fig. 20 it follows that the opposite polarity of the drive voltages on adjacent signal electrodes results in the opposite polarity of the first crosstalk layer on the selected row electrodes and the compensation of the change in the quasi-ms voltage of the corresponding cell. The best compensation is achieved by employing drive electronics operating according to the seventh embodiment (this design provides a minimum of opposite polarity voltage spikes on the cell quasi-ms voltage by making their magnitudes nearly equal binding effect).

该方法的第四个变型还将由第二种串扰分层(该种分层出现在连续行选择脉冲之间的周期内并引发该单元准ms电压的最大振荡)引起的单元准ms电压的振荡减小了两倍以上。该效果是通过在周期T_r内，在时间上分离驱动电压越过相邻信号电极(携载相同亮度的象素)的时刻而实现的。图20示出了当第二种的相反极性分层尖峰在该帧的第一场中被分离且在第二场中几乎被完全补偿的具体情况。在该具体情况和一些其他情况下，该技术允许尽可能多地双重减少第二种的行分层对该单元准ms电压的影响。对于均匀亮度图像(例如带有单元准ms电压U_gr ²的一灰度图像)，使用本发明的该变型可将由第二种的串扰引起的单元准ms电压变化几乎减少至零。A fourth variant of this method also adds oscillations in the cell's quasi-ms voltage caused by a second type of crosstalk stratification that occurs in the period between successive row select pulses and induces the maximum oscillation of the cell's quasi-ms voltage reduced by more than twofold. This effect is achieved by temporally separating, within the period _Tr , the instants at which the drive voltage crosses adjacent signal electrodes (pixels carrying the same brightness). Figure 20 shows the specific case when the second kind of opposite polarity layered spikes are separated in the first field of the frame and almost fully compensated in the second field. In this particular case and some others, this technique allows doubly reducing the effect of row stratification of the second kind on the quasi-ms voltage of the cell as much as possible. For images of uniform brightness (eg a grayscale image with unit quasi-ms voltage U _gr ² ), using this variant of the invention reduces the variation of the unit quasi-ms voltage caused by the crosstalk of the second type almost to zero.

该方法的第三变型的原型是Matsushita的美国专利5,162,932(第三原型方法)，其中使用一行寻址模式。在各周期T_r内，一信号电极接收两电压电平，“通”和“断”，两者之一(或者“通”或者“断”)出现在周期T_r的开始处，另一出现在结束处，且随着个相继的Tr，两电平交换位置。A prototype of a third variant of this method is US Patent 5,162,932 to Matsushita (third prototype method), where a row addressing mode is used. During each period _Tr , a signal electrode receives two voltage levels, "on" and "off", one of the two (either "on" or "off") occurs at the beginning of the period _Tr , the other At the end, and with each successive Tr, the two levels swap places.

该方法的该变型不同于在对该方法的第三变型与其原型之间的区别的描述中说明的第一六点中的原型，且在向相邻、或交替信号电极或特定数目电极馈送的该点中，还带有具有相对于V₀的相反极性且在周期Tr的开始处或在结束处的脉冲。This variant of the method differs from the prototype in the first six points explained in the description of the differences between the third variant of the method and its prototype, and in the feeding of adjacent, or alternating signal electrodes or a specific number of electrodes In this point there is also a pulse of opposite polarity with respect to V ₀ and either at the beginning or at the end of the period Tr.

该方法的第四种变型的使用改善了图像均匀性和对比度，并增大了显示尺寸和工作速度。The use of the fourth variant of the method improves image uniformity and contrast, and increases display size and working speed.

第五实施例是驱动一LCD的方法的第五种变型。该LC显示器在第一实施例中被描述。 The fifth embodiment is a fifth modification of the method of driving an LCD. The LC display is described in the first embodiment.

在一选择周期T_r期间，基准电平电压(或者有意义的电平、或者基准电平、或者有意义的与基准电平的组合)连同恒定的且相等的持续时间(t_m/2)和相反极性、距V₀电平的偏移的相同恒定模V_m的附加电平一起被施加给信号电极。该基本电平的持续时间可从零持续时间变至某一值以提供一选择的象素或选择的象素群的亮度的控制。During a selection period T _r , the reference level voltage (or meaningful level, or reference level, or a combination of meaningful and reference levels) together with a constant and equal duration (t _m /2) An additional level of the same constant modulus V _m is applied to the signal electrodes along with an opposite polarity offset from the V ₀ level. The duration of the base level can be varied from a zero duration to a value to provide control of the brightness of a selected pixel or group of pixels.

该方法的该变型提供了在时间过程中对交叉分层的补偿。为此，在周期T_r内这些电压电平被施加给信号电极的次序在选择相同扫描电极或相同群的扫描电极(其中这些扫描电压或扫描电压群具有与V₀电平相同或相反的极性)的T_r周期中是交变的。该交变在后继的帧时间周期中被设定，或者在一帧时间中或者在两帧时间中或者根据在时间过程中的其他比较次序。该交变的规则交替地设置分配至周期T_r的开始(且因此，结束)部分的信号电压电平的(距V₀电平)的偏移和施加给相同选择的扫描电极或被选择群的相同选择的扫描电极的电压V_r的(距V₀电平)的偏移的相同及相反的方向。This variant of the method provides compensation for cross-stratification over time. For this reason, the order in which these voltage levels are applied to the signal electrodes within the period _Tr is selected after selecting the same scan electrode or the same group of scan electrodes (where these scan voltages or scan voltage groups have the same or opposite polarity as the _V0 level Sex) is alternating in the T _r cycle. The alternation is set in subsequent frame time periods, either in one frame time or in two frame times or according to some other comparison sequence in the course of time. The alternating rule alternately sets the offset (from the _V0 level) of the signal voltage level assigned to the beginning (and thus, end) part of the period T _r and applies to the same selected scan electrodes or selected groups The same and opposite directions of the offset of the voltage V _r (from the V ₀ level) of the same selected scan electrodes.

该方法的该变型的特点在于第一和第二种的串扰对单元准ms电压的影响随着时间被抵消，因为它们在连续的帧中具有相反的极性。类似地，该方法的该变型通过行电极上的电压变化去除了信号电极上感生的分层。This variant of the method is characterized in that the crosstalk effects of the first and second kind on the quasi-ms voltage of the cell cancel out over time, since they have opposite polarities in successive frames. Similarly, this variation of the method removes the delamination induced on the signal electrodes by the voltage change on the row electrodes.

在图20中给出了在两行寻址的情况下该方法的第五、第四、第三、第二和第一LCD驱动变型的结合使用的一个例子。An example of the combined use of the fifth, fourth, third, second and first LCD driving variants of the method in the case of two row addressing is given in FIG. 20 .

图20示出了相比于在第一帧的第一场中的对应的间隔T_r内的第一种连续的这些电平，在第二帧的第一场中的第二种连续的电压V_cj和V_c(j+1)设置的间隔T_r内的信号电平的上述交变，该交变取决于周期T_r内的引导有意义的电平和一选择的行电极上的电压V_r是否具有相同的极性。信号电压转换的电压尖峰在一帧期间提高该单元准ms电压的 $\frac{1}{T_{r}} {&Integral;}_{0}^{Tr} V_{ri}^{2} (t) dt -$ 分量且在另一帧期间减少其，使得该单元准ms电压的脉动抵消。Figure 20 shows a second continuum of voltages in the first field of the second frame compared to the first continuation of these levels in the corresponding interval T _r in the first field of the first frame The above-mentioned alternation of signal levels in the interval _Tr set by _Vcj and Vc _(j+1) depends on the leading meaningful level in the period _Tr and the voltage V on a selected row electrode _r have the same polarity. The voltage spike of the signal voltage transition raises the quasi-ms voltage of the cell during a frame $\frac{1}{T_{r}} {&Integral;}_{0}^{Tr} V_{the ri}^{2} (t) dt -$ component and reduce it during another frame, so that the pulsation of the cell's quasi-ms voltage cancels out.

该方法的该变型的原型是Matsushita的美国专利5,162,932(第三原型方法)，其中使用一行寻址模式。在各周期T_r内，一信号电极被馈以两电压电平，“通”和“断”，两者之一(或者“通”或者“断”)出现在周期T_r的开始处，另一出现在结束处，且随着个相继的T_r，两电平交换位置(图8)。This variation of the method is prototyped in US Patent 5,162,932 to Matsushita (third prototype method), where a row addressing mode is used. During each period _Tr , a signal electrode is fed with two voltage levels, "on" and "off", one of the two (either "on" or "off") occurs at the beginning of the period _Tr , the other A occurs at the end, and with each successive T _r , the two levels swap places (Fig. 8).

该方法的第五变型不同于在对该方法的第三变型与其原型之间的区别的描述中说明的第一六点中的原型，附加的差别在于选择根据在周期Tr中的引导有意义的电平和在一选择的行上或在相对于V₀具有相同极性的一选择的群中的一具体行上的电压V_r的，或者在相继帧、或交替、或其他具体选择的帧中的周期Tr期间施加给一信号电极的有意义的电平的次序。The fifth variant of the method differs from the prototype in the first six points explained in the description of the differences between the third variant of the method and its prototype, with the additional difference that the selection makes sense according to the guidance in the period Tr level and the voltage V _r on a selected row or on a specific row in a selected group of the same polarity with respect to V ₀ , or in consecutive frames, or alternating, or other specifically selected frames The sequence of meaningful levels applied to a signal electrode during the period Tr.

在该原型中出现的相继间隔Tr的开始处和结束处交换电平“通”和“断”的位置提供了在相邻帧中特定单元处相同类型的分层尖峰的交变极性且未补偿由这些分层尖峰引起的单元准ms电压的脉动。The position of switching levels "on" and "off" at the beginning and end of successive intervals Tr present in this prototype provides alternating polarity of the same type of hierarchical spikes at specific cells in adjacent frames without Compensate for the pulsation of the cell's quasi-ms voltage caused by these layered spikes.

当组合使用时，该方法的第五变型通过去除由串扰引起的单元准ms电压变化的删除的剩余不完整性而增大了该方法的第四变型的效果。该方法的第四变型进而通过去除由在帧时间上补偿延迟引起的单元准ms电压振荡的删除的剩余不完整性对第五原型进行了补充。When used in combination, the fifth variant of the method augments the effect of the fourth variant of the method by removing the remaining incompleteness of deletion of the cell's quasi-ms voltage variation caused by crosstalk. The fourth variant of the method in turn complements the fifth prototype by removing the remaining incompleteness of the deletion of the quasi-ms voltage oscillations of the cell caused by compensating the delay over the frame time.

第七实施例的使用增大了该方法的第五变型的效果。The use of the seventh embodiment increases the effect of the fifth variant of the method.

该方法的该变型的使用减小了单元准ms电压的脉动，改善了图像均匀性和对比度，并增大了显示尺寸和工作速度。The use of this variant of the method reduces the pulsation of the cell quasi-ms voltage, improves image uniformity and contrast, and increases display size and operating speed.

第六实施例是驱动一LCD的方法的第六种变型。该LC显示器在第一实施例中被描述。 The sixth embodiment is a sixth modification of the method of driving an LCD. The LC display is described in the first embodiment.

在一选择周期T_r期间，电压脉冲被施加给信号电极。这些脉冲设置基准电平电压(或者有意义的电平、或者基准电平、或者有意义的与基准电平的组合)连同恒定的且相等的持续时间(t_m/2)和相反极性、距V₀电平的偏移的相同恒定模V_m的附加电平一起。该基本电平的持续时间可从零持续时间变至某一值以提供一选择的象素或选择的象素群的亮度的控制。During a selection period _Tr , voltage pulses are applied to the signal electrodes. These pulses set the reference level voltage (either a meaningful level, or a reference level, or a meaningful combination with a reference level) with constant and equal duration ( _tm /2) and opposite polarity, The additional level of the same constant modulo V _m of the offset from the V ₀ level together. The duration of the base level can be varied from a zero duration to a value to provide control of the brightness of a selected pixel or group of pixels.

在周期T_r期间，驱动脉冲按一特定次序(正向地或反向地)被施加给信号电极。相对于V₀电平的一极性的附加电平V_m被分配给周期Tr的开始部分而相反极性的附加电平V_m被分配给周期T_r的结束部分。在周期T_r上这些电平被施加给信号电极的次序在后继的周期T_r中被交变。During the period _Tr , drive pulses are applied to the signal electrodes in a certain sequence (forward or reverse). An additional level _Vm of one polarity relative to the _V0 level is assigned to the beginning of the period Tr and an additional level _Vm of the opposite polarity is assigned to the end of the period _Tr . The order in which these levels are applied to the signal electrodes over the period _Tr is alternated in the subsequent period _Tr .

该方法的该变型的特色在于施加给信号电极的电压脉冲被分解成多个群且在该周期T_r内的与它们的标称位置相关的时间内被移位，这些群与不同的电极相关。这些移位时间的值对于一单一群的脉冲被设置得相同，但对于不同群的脉冲设置得不同，且对于某一周期是恒定的(例如对于一场的一部分、或者一整个场、或者一整个帧，或者两帧)。在结束该施加周期后，其他的移位时间的值在某一群或全部群的电压脉冲中被设定或者其他集团(aggregate)的电压脉冲群被形成在不同的群中带有不同的移位时间值，且这些所述的其他的移位时间值对于下一时间周期被设置得恒定。在该下一时间周期结束后，所述或者改变或者设定移位时间的恒定值的所述处理被继续，提供距其标称位置的各所述附加电平的持续时间的零平均偏移。该移位时间不应超过t_m/2且可以是正或者是负或者是零。This variant of the method is characterized in that the voltage pulses applied to the signal electrodes are broken up into groups and shifted in time relative to their nominal positions within the period _Tr , these groups being associated with different electrodes . The values of these shift times are set to be the same for a single group of pulses, but different for different groups of pulses, and are constant for a certain period (for example, for a part of a field, or a whole field, or a entire frame, or two frames). After the end of the application cycle, other shift time values are set in a group or all groups of voltage pulses or other groups of voltage pulse groups are formed with different shifts in different groups time values, and these other shift time values are set constant for the next time period. After the end of this next time period, said process of either changing or setting a constant value for the shift time is continued, providing a zero mean offset for the duration of each of said additional levels from its nominal position . This shift time should not exceed t _m /2 and can be positive or negative or zero.

在不同当前时刻的信号电压转换导致在单元上的电压尖峰具有低幅度和相反极性并进行抵消。Signal voltage transitions at different current instants result in voltage spikes across the cell with low amplitude and opposite polarity that cancel out.

然而，具有驱动脉冲的随机时间移位的信号电极群可能引起串扰的非均匀抑制。为更加有效地抑制串扰，群中的电压脉冲的移位时间应根据具体的规则而被改变。即在在其中电压脉冲群的移位时间值被保持恒定的时间周期结束后，在该群脉冲中设置最新的移位时间值，各具有最早的移位时间值，先前移位时间值被设置在该群脉冲中，各具有最早的移位时间值后的下一移位时间值，而且这样的移位时间值的变化在其他脉冲群中被应用直至其中各脉冲具有最早的移位时间值，被改变到最新的移位时间值的脉冲群。However, a population of signal electrodes with a random time shift of drive pulses may cause non-uniform suppression of crosstalk. To suppress crosstalk more effectively, the shifting times of voltage pulses in a group should be changed according to specific rules. That is, after the end of the time period in which the shift time values of the voltage pulse group are kept constant, the latest shift time value is set in the group of pulses, each having the earliest shift time value, the previous shift time value was set In the group of pulses, each has the next shifted time value after the earliest shifted time value, and such changes in shifted time values are applied in other bursts until each pulse has the earliest shifted time value , the burst that is changed to the latest shift time value.

带有K个相等大小的信号电极群，脉冲移位的上述规则使得根据该方法的第一LCD驱动变型是否被使用而使第二种串扰引起的单元准ms脉动分别产生2K倍或K倍的减小。With K equal-sized signal electrode groups, the above rules for pulse shifting make the quasi-ms pulsation of the second crosstalk-induced unit 2K or K times larger, respectively, depending on whether the first LCD drive variant of the method is used decrease.

对于大区域的等亮度单元，该效果最为明显。为减小均匀亮度的小显示区域中的脉动，组成相同移位的一脉冲群的这些脉冲应属于具有较大足够分离的信号电极和/或该群应随时间改变其组成。This effect is most pronounced for large areas of isoluminous cells. To reduce ripple in small display areas of uniform brightness, the pulses making up a pulse group of equal displacement should belong to signal electrodes with large enough separation and/or the group should change its composition over time.

图21示出了施加给三个信号电极群达两个帧长度周期的恒定脉冲移位的三个脉冲群V_c1、V_c2和V_c3。行选择脉冲未被示出。为简明起见，一行寻址模式被说明。这些基本电压电平将适当的单元设置到“通”状态。选择周期T_r具有两个附加的t_m/2宽的部分，各部分用于“断”和“通”值。脉冲宽度被示出超出尺度。从一帧到另一帧的脉冲极性的可能的变化未被示出。处于从选择第n行的周期T_r(n)到选择第(n+1)行的周期T_r(n+1)中的电压电平的交变被示出。两脉冲群V_c1和V_c2具有相对于它们的原始(未被移位的)位置的相反方向的不同时间移位t₁和t₂。第三脉冲群V_c3未被移位.。图V_ri示出该三个显示单元的结果电压，索引(c₁，c₂，c₃)将第i未被选择的行赋予(attributing)适当的信号电极群。Figure 21 shows three pulse groups _Vc1 , _Vc2 and _Vc3 of constant pulse shift applied to three signal electrode groups for two frame length periods. Row select pulses are not shown. For brevity, a row addressing mode is illustrated. These base voltage levels set the appropriate cells to the "on" state. The selection period _Tr has two additional _tm /2 wide sections, each for "off" and "on" values. The pulse width is shown out of scale. Possible changes in pulse polarity from frame to frame are not shown. The alternation of voltage levels in the period T _r(n) from selecting the nth row to the period Tr(n+1) selecting _{the (n+1)} th row is shown. The two bursts V _c1 and V _c2 have different time shifts t ₁ and t ₂ in opposite directions relative to their original (unshifted) positions. The third burst V _c3 is not shifted. Graph V _ri shows the resulting voltages of the three display cells, index (c ₁ , c ₂ , c ₃ ) attributing the i th non-selected row to the appropriate signal electrode group.

被确定作为感生的尖峰的平均数(它们相对于驱动脉冲的极性必须被考虑)，在该三个单元群的每一个中的单元准ms电压上的串扰的影响双重地减少，到平均在周期T_r内的三个可能中的一单个串扰尖峰。is determined as the average number of induced spikes (their polarity relative to the drive pulse must be taken into account), the effect of crosstalk on cell quasi-ms voltages in each of the three cell populations is doubly reduced, to the average A single crosstalk spike out of three possible in period _Tr .

图22中示出另一个例子。未在该图中直接示出用于信号电极的驱动脉冲V_c1、V_c2和V_c3的群。用于显示单元的图(V_cj-V_ri)可通过分析图21来确定它们。与图21相反，在图22中使用相同方向的多个移位(t_d或2t_d)。尽管两个移位改变周期足以减少串扰影响，保持等于t_m/2的附加脉冲的平均宽度要求在第n行的选择周期T_r(n)内这些脉冲的次序在后继帧中改变，例如在该方法的第五驱动变型中。结果，移位改变的完整循环变成时间移位中恒定的四个周期。用于改变脉冲移位的其他规则是可能的，例如图22中所示的四个基准周期的连续组合。Another example is shown in FIG. 22 . The groups of drive pulses V _c1 , V _c2 and V _c3 for the signal electrodes are not directly shown in this figure. The graphs (V _cj -V _ri ) used to display the cells can be determined by analyzing graph 21 . In contrast to FIG. 21 , multiple shifts in the same direction (t _d or 2t _d ) are used in FIG. 22 . Although two periods of shift change are sufficient to reduce crosstalk effects, maintaining the average width of the additional pulses equal to _tm /2 requires that the order of these pulses be changed in subsequent frames during the selection period Tr _(n) of row n, e.g. In the fifth drive variant of the method. As a result, a full cycle of shift changes becomes a constant four cycles in time shift. Other rules for changing the pulse shift are possible, such as the sequential combination of four reference periods shown in FIG. 22 .

为驱动恒定亮度的大显示区域，所有的原型方法，包括Matsushita的美国专利5,162,932(第三种原型方法，其与该方法的该原型最为类似)，使用引起第二种的显著串扰以及以高帧速表现的较差色彩的驱动电压。由在Toronto的SID Symposium的Sharp和Hitachi的研究员于1997年12月发表的论文(SID’97，M75-M87页)认为这些技术可使减少由不同类型的串扰引起的垂直和水平变暗。这些技术不使用脉冲移位且它们的效率不高，特别与脉冲长度调制一起使用时。To drive large display areas of constant brightness, all prototype approaches, including Matsushita's U.S. Patent 5,162,932 (a third prototype approach that is most similar to this prototype of the approach), use the significant crosstalk that causes the second and at high frame The driving voltage of the poorer color of fast performance. A paper published in December 1997 by Sharp and Hitachi researchers at the SID Symposium in Toronto (SID'97, pages M75-M87) argues that these techniques allow for reduction of vertical and horizontal dimming caused by different types of crosstalk. These techniques do not use pulse shifting and they are not efficient, especially when used with pulse length modulation.

除了去除变暗效应外，该方法的该变型改善了图像均匀性和对比度，增大了显示尺寸和工作速度，并使得表现出优良的色彩。In addition to removing the darkening effect, this variation of the method improves image uniformity and contrast, increases display size and operating speed, and enables excellent color rendering.

第七实施例是驱动一LC显示器的装置。 The seventh embodiment is an apparatus for driving an LC display.

该LC显示器具有一面板，该面板包括若干基底，在其中一基底上有一扫描(行)电极的阵列且在另一基底上有一信号(列)电极的阵列。插在两基底之间的LC材料设置在所述电极的交叉点之间的LC单元。LC单元生成该显示器的显示元素并确定改变其亮度作为该单元电极上的电压的一函数。通过将扫描电压施加至选择的扫描电极并将一基准电压(V₀电平)施加至未选择的扫描电极而逐一或逐群顺序地选择扫描电极。信号电压被施加给一信号电极以设定一选择的象素或选择的象素群的亮度。该显示器根据所给出方法的这些变型而被驱动。The LC display has a panel comprising substrates with an array of scan (row) electrodes on one substrate and an array of signal (column) electrodes on the other substrate. The LC material interposed between the two substrates provides the LC cell between the intersections of the electrodes. The LC cell generates the display elements of the display and determines to change their brightness as a function of the voltage on the cell's electrodes. Scan electrodes are sequentially selected one by one or group by group by applying a scan voltage to selected scan electrodes and applying a reference voltage (V ₀ level) to unselected scan electrodes. A signal voltage is applied to a signal electrode to set the brightness of a selected pixel or group of selected pixels. The display is driven according to these variations of the presented method.

该驱动一LC显示器的装置包括一批行和列驱动器(电压脉冲发生器，VP)和一向其他单元或装置供电并设置用于行和列的电平的电压电平发生器(VLG，一供电单元)该VP结合有一设置到一输出电极的定时电压电平设置的单元(简单地说，定时单元，TB)，该TB单元包括一逻辑单元(LB)和一电连接到该LB的一电压变换器单元(VCB)，和一电连接至该VCB的一输出晶体管单元(OTB)。该OTB的输出引线被连接至该显示电极。用于行电极的这些LB通过一双向移位寄存器被连接且用于列电极的这些LB通过另一移位寄存器被连接。所有单元被连接至该VLG。当该显示器例如工作在两行寻址模式下时，用于列电极的VP可不具有一VCB，在此情况下，该LB被直接连接至该OTB。该LB输入引线被施加以时钟和控制脉冲。用于列电极的该LB也被馈以来自一数据处理单元的数据信号。The device for driving an LC display consists of a set of row and column drivers (Voltage Pulse Generator, VP) and a Voltage Level Generator (VLG, a Power Supply unit) The VP incorporates a timing voltage level setting unit (simply, timing unit, TB) set to an output electrode, the TB unit comprising a logic unit (LB) and a voltage electrically connected to the LB A converter unit (VCB), and an output transistor unit (OTB) electrically connected to the VCB. Output leads of the OTB are connected to the display electrodes. The LBs for row electrodes are connected through a bidirectional shift register and the LBs for column electrodes are connected through another shift register. All cells are connected to this VLG. When the display is for example operating in two-row addressing mode, the VP for the column electrodes may not have a VCB, in which case the LB is directly connected to the OTB. The LB input lead is applied with clock and control pulses. The LB for column electrodes is also fed with data signals from a data processing unit.

该装置的特色在于设置相同形状的两极性的电压尖峰的OTB设计。该结果是对使用的该方法的任何驱动变型的更好的串扰补偿(对于该方法第四、第五和第六变型最佳)，且因此，改善了图像质量(均匀性和对比度)，且可增大显示器的工作速度和尺寸。The device features an OTB design that sets equal shaped bipolar voltage spikes. The result is better crosstalk compensation for any driving variant of the method used (best for the fourth, fifth and sixth variants of the method), and thus, improved image quality (uniformity and contrast), and The working speed and size of the display can be increased.

图23示出了LC面板4驱动装置的方框图。它由向其他单元馈电的电压电平发生器1和行及列电压脉冲发生器2及3组成。该装置生成控制脉冲起动该LCD在本发明的任何行选择模式下(包括一行寻址、两行寻址或多行寻址)工作。FIG. 23 shows a block diagram of an LC panel 4 driving device. It consists of a voltage level generator 1 and row and column voltage pulse generators 2 and 3 that feed power to other units. The device generates control pulses to enable the LCD to operate in any of the row selection modes of the present invention including one row addressing, two row addressing or multi row addressing.

电压脉冲发生器2具有许多用于驱动显示电极Y₁、Y₂、...、Y_i、...、Y_N的通道而驱动器3具有许多用于驱动显示电极X₁、X₂、...、X_i、...、X_N的通道。驱动器2的各通道，例如第i通道结合有逻辑单元5(LB_i)、电压变换器单元6(VCB_i)和输出晶体管单元7(OTB_i)，其中该逻辑单元5(LB_i)设置将选择脉冲施加给通道Y_i的时刻。单元5被连接至单元6，单元6被连接至单元7，及单元7被连接至显示电极Y_i。驱动器3的各通道，例如第j通道结合有处理数据信号并设置将信号电平施加给信道X_j的时刻的逻辑单元8(LB_j)和被连接至单元8及电极X_j的输出电路单元9(OTB_j)。单元5和8的输入引线10和11被馈以时钟和控制脉冲，单元8的输入引线12被馈以数据信号。单元5被连接至LB_i-1和LB_i+1而单元8被连接至相邻通道的至LB_j-1和LB_j+1，各通过自己的双向移位寄存器，这些移位寄存器的触发级被结合至适当的逻辑单元中。The voltage pulse generator 2 has many channels for driving the display electrodes Y ₁ , Y ₂ , ..., Y _i , ..., Y _N and the driver 3 has many channels for driving the display electrodes X ₁ , X ₂ , . .., X _i , ..., X _N channels. Each channel of the driver 2, for example, the i-th channel is combined with a logic unit 5 (LB _i ), a voltage converter unit 6 (VCB _i ) and an output transistor unit 7 (OTB _i ), wherein the logic unit 5 (LB _i ) is set to Select the instant at which the pulse is applied to channel Y _i . Cell 5 is connected to cell 6, cell 6 is connected to cell 7, and cell 7 is connected to display electrode _Yi . Each channel of the driver 3, for example the jth channel incorporates a logic unit 8 (LB _j ) which processes the data signal and sets the moment at which the signal level is applied to the channel X _j and an output circuit unit which is connected to the unit 8 and to the electrode X _j 9 (OTB _j ). The input leads 10 and 11 of the units 5 and 8 are fed with clock and control pulses, the input lead 12 of the unit 8 is fed with data signals. Element 5 is connected to LB _i-1 and LB _i+1 and element 8 is connected to LB _j-1 and LB _j+1 of the adjacent channel, each through its own bidirectional shift register, the triggering of these shift registers Levels are combined into appropriate logical units.

逻辑单元5和8生成低电平电压，其时间图提供了单元6、7和9中的驱动电压的形成。Logic cells 5 and 8 generate low level voltages, the timing diagram of which provides the development of the drive voltages in cells 6, 7 and 9.

电压发生器1至少生成五个电压电平V₀、V₁、V₂、V₃和V₄，这些电平是自某一公共电平被测量的。基准电平V₀到电压脉冲发生器2和3，电平V₁和V₄到行电压脉冲发生器2，电平V₂和V₃到列电压脉冲发生器3。这样使得|V₁-V₀|＝|V₄-V₀|及|V₂-V₀|＝|V₃-V₀|，与对应于该方法的驱动变型的时间图相组合的电压电平必须使得LC单元具有位于单元的动态平方电压—光学特性的工作范围内的准ms电压。该动态平方电压—光学特性确定影响图像质量的动态N_max和动态对比度。The voltage generator 1 generates at least five voltage levels V ₀ , V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ and V ₄ , which are measured from some common level. Reference level V ₀ to voltage pulse generators 2 and 3, levels V ₁ and V ₄ to row voltage pulse generator 2, levels V ₂ and V ₃ to column voltage pulse generator 3. This _makes |V ₁ −V ₀ _| =|V ₄ _−V ₀ _| The level must be such that the LC cell has a quasi-ms voltage within the operating range of the dynamic squared voltage-optical characteristic of the cell. This dynamic squared voltage-optical characteristic determines the dynamic N _max and the dynamic contrast which affect the image quality.

这些列电压电平之一例如V₂可被施加给单元2用于提供给单元5和6以低电平电压。One of these column voltage levels, for example _V2 , may be applied to cell 2 for providing cells 5 and 6 with a low level voltage.

单元7的一种可能的设计在图24中被示出。来自VCB_i的信号设定将电压V₀、V₁或V₄施加给输出电极的时刻。单元9的设计类似于单元7的设计。不同之处在于用V₂替换了V₁及用V₃替换了V₄。A possible design of unit 7 is shown in FIG. 24 . The signal from VCB _i sets the moment at which voltage V ₀ , V ₁ or V ₄ is applied to the output electrodes. The design of unit 9 is similar to that of unit 7. The difference is that V ₁ is replaced by V ₂ and V ₄ is replaced by V ₃ .

由串扰引起的两极性的尖峰具有相同的形状，由于OTB(例如图24中的13、14、15和16)中结合的晶体管对不同的电压值提供相同的输出电阻，或者偏移不超出10％。这些输出晶体管的这样的特性导致在晶体管结构元素之间被选择的关系(晶体管通道的长度和宽度，栅氧化物的厚度等)。The spikes of both polarities caused by crosstalk have the same shape due to the combination of transistors in the OTB (such as 13, 14, 15 and 16 in Fig. %. Such properties of these output transistors result in selected relationships between transistor structural elements (length and width of transistor channel, thickness of gate oxide, etc.).

在制做具有提供接近的电阻值的特性的不同类型的晶体管中可能有困难。为避免这些困难且提高串扰抑制，另一OTB构造结合有附加的晶体管(图25中的17、18、19和20)。晶体管17和18被引入以使它们与晶体管13共同的输出电阻等于晶体管14的输出电阻，晶体管14的输出电阻初始地多少小于晶体管13的电阻。具有与晶体管15共同的输出电阻，晶体管19和20被引入使所述电阻等于晶体管16的输出电阻，晶体管16的输出电阻初始地多少小于晶体管15的电阻。附加引线21和22对于驱动系统的所有单元7(对于单元9)是共同的。在通过选择适当的施加在引线21和22两端的适当的电压修正晶体管17和19的导电性后，它们处于通的状态。这样这些输出电阻被保持对于施加给(所有通道中的)输出引线的所有电压是相等的。There may be difficulties in fabricating different types of transistors with characteristics that provide similar resistance values. To avoid these difficulties and improve crosstalk rejection, another OTB configuration incorporates additional transistors (17, 18, 19 and 20 in Figure 25). Transistors 17 and 18 are introduced so that their output resistance in common with transistor 13 is equal to the output resistance of transistor 14 , which is initially somewhat smaller than the resistance of transistor 13 . Having an output resistance in common with transistor 15 , transistors 19 and 20 are introduced such that said resistance is equal to the output resistance of transistor 16 , which is initially somewhat smaller than that of transistor 15 . The additional leads 21 and 22 are common to all units 7 (for unit 9 ) of the drive system. After the conductivity of transistors 17 and 19 has been modified by selecting a suitable voltage applied across leads 21 and 22, they are in the ON state. These output resistances are thus kept equal for all voltages applied to the output leads (in all channels).

单元9的功能类似于单元7的功能(图25)，除了电压V₁被V₂替代及V₄被V₃替代外。The function of unit 9 is similar to that of unit 7 (FIG. 25), except that voltage _V1 is replaced by _V2 and _V4 by _V3 .

该方法的变型的原型是用于这些原型方法的这些专利中给出的显示器驱动装置且结合有被电连接至输出引线的输出晶体管。然而，它们未提供晶体管的输出电阻，一具体电压通过其被施加给输出引线以具有相同或接近的值，偏移不超过10％。Prototypes of variants of this approach are the display drivers given in these patents for these prototype approaches and incorporating output transistors electrically connected to output leads. However, they do not provide the output resistance of the transistor through which a specific voltage is applied to the output lead to have the same or close value, offset by no more than 10%.

第八实施例是驱动一LCD的方法的第七种变型。该LC显示器在第一实施例中被描述。 The eighth embodiment is a seventh modification of the method of driving an LCD. The LC display is described in the first embodiment.

信号电极通过电压脉冲被驱动。这些脉冲设置提供单元均方电压的标称当前值的基准电平电压(或者有意义的电平、或者基准电平、或者有意义的与基准电平的组合)和恒定的且相等的持续时间(t_m/2)、相反极性和相同恒定模V_m的附加电平。这些附加电平设置由列驱动脉冲沿长电极传播时由其失真引起的准ms电压脉动的一几乎与图像无关的分量。极性上通常是负的，该分量随着距驱动电压脉冲施加给一列电极的点的距离的增大而幅度增大。由行驱动脉冲的失真引起的类似的单元准ms电压脉动几乎与图像模式无关。因此由这些脉冲失真引起的任何图像象素距标称值的变化在很大程度上取决于象素位置。The signal electrodes are driven by voltage pulses. These pulse settings provide a reference level voltage (either a meaningful level, or a reference level, or a meaningful combination with a reference level) of the nominal current value of the cell mean square voltage and a constant and equal duration (t _m /2), opposite polarity and an additional level of the same constant modulus V _m . These additional levels set an almost image-independent component of the quasi-ms voltage fluctuations caused by the distortion of the column drive pulses as they propagate along the long electrodes. Typically negative in polarity, this component increases in magnitude with distance from the point at which the drive voltage pulse is applied to a column of electrodes. Similar cell quasi-ms voltage pulsations caused by distortion of row drive pulses are almost independent of picture mode. Any image pixel variation from nominal due to these impulse distortions is therefore highly dependent on pixel location.

该方法的该变型的区别之处在于生成附加的补偿电压V_com(i)用于自一特定的一个起始的i行电极和/或生成附加的补偿电压V_com(j)用于自另一特定的一个起始的j列电极。这些补偿电压的幅度V_com(i)或它们的持续时间在经验上或分析地被确定用于各行电极(对于给定的时间图和帧频率)以提供对由列脉冲的传播失真引起的准ms电压脉动的最佳补偿。类似地，这些补偿电压的幅度V_com(i)或它们的持续时间在经验上或分析地被确定用于各行电极(对于给定的时间图和帧频率)以提供对由行脉冲的传播失真引起的准ms电压脉动的最佳补偿。持续时间t_c的一或几个时间间隔被加至该帧周期上的N个选择周期Tr。在一或几个t_c间隔期间的一小部分期间，每个补偿电压V_com(i)被施加给i行电极。在一或几个t_c间隔期间的一小部分期间，每个补偿电压V_com(j)被施加给j列电极。未被施加电压V_com(i)和V_com(j)的列和行电极，在t间隔期间，被施加以基准电压V₀。替代电压V₀，可使用准基准电压或平均的，或组合的，包括与电压V₀组合的准基准电压。This variant of the method differs in that an additional compensating voltage V _com (i) is generated for i row electrodes from a particular one and/or an additional compensating voltage V _com (j) is generated for i row electrodes from another A specific starting column j of electrodes. The magnitudes _Vcom (i) of these compensation voltages or their durations are determined empirically or analytically for each row electrode (for a given timing diagram and frame frequency) to provide an accurate estimate of the propagation distortion caused by the column pulses. Optimal compensation for ms voltage ripple. Similarly, the magnitudes _Vcom (i) of these compensating voltages or their durations are determined empirically or analytically for each row electrode (for a given timing diagram and frame frequency) to provide a measure of the propagation distortion caused by the row pulse Optimal compensation for quasi-ms voltage ripples caused by One or several time intervals of duration t _c are added to N selection periods Tr over the frame period. Each compensation voltage _Vcom (i) is applied to the i row electrodes during a fraction of one or several _tc intervals. Each compensation voltage _Vcom (j) is applied to j column electrodes during a fraction of one or several _tc intervals. The column and row electrodes to which the voltages _Vcom (i) and _Vcom (j) are not applied are applied with the reference voltage _V0 during the interval t. Instead of voltage V ₀ , a quasi-reference voltage may be used or averaged, or combined, including a quasi-reference voltage combined with voltage V ₀ .

该方法的该变型的要点在于使用用于特定电极的补偿电压的恒定(在时间过程中)值或形状和可被补偿的单元准ms电压脉动的宽的范围。The point of this variant of the method is to use a constant (over time course) value or shape of the compensation voltage for a particular electrode and a wide range of unit quasi-ms voltage fluctuations that can be compensated.

用于对应于该方法的该变型的行脉冲的时间图的例子在图26中被示出。在一行寻址模式下，选择脉冲Vr被施加给两帧上的第一、第i、第(i+m)、和第N行电极且在两行寻址模式下，选择脉冲Vr被施加给两场上的第一、第i、第(i+m)、和第N行电极。不同幅度的补偿电压δV_i、δV_i+m、δV_N被施加给各在相同时间被示出的所有行电极(除第一个外)。在此时，所有列电极，包括第j列，通过基准电压V₀被激励。An example of a timing diagram for the row pulses corresponding to this variant of the method is shown in FIG. 26 . In the one-row addressing mode, the selection pulse Vr is applied to the first, i-th, (i+m), and N-th row electrodes on two frames and in the two-row addressing mode, the selection pulse Vr is applied to the The first, ith, (i+m), and Nth row electrodes on both fields. Compensation voltages δV _i , δV _i+m , δV _N of different magnitudes are applied to all row electrodes (except the first one) each shown at the same time. At this time, all column electrodes, including column j, are energized by the reference voltage V ₀ .

在图26中未说明行补偿电压具有相等的幅度和不同的持续时间时的例子和对于其他时间间隔t_c，补偿电压被施加给列电极时的例子，但可以类似的方式被考虑(合成)。The example when the row compensation voltages have equal amplitude and different duration and for other time intervals _tc the example when the compensation voltage is applied to the column electrodes is not illustrated in Fig. 26, but can be considered (synthesized) in a similar way .

可从(28)、(29)和(30)推导出对于给定的寻址模式，提供给具有N_max＝N_maxo的最小可能值的显示器以正确驱动的驱动电压V_r02和V_c02的幅度。N_maxo可自(31)求出。From (28), (29) and (30) the magnitudes of the drive voltages V _r02 and V _c02 that are provided to drive correctly for a given addressing mode to the smallest possible value of _Nmax = _Nmaxo can be deduced . N _maxo can be obtained from (31).

该方法的该变型的原型是Seiko Epson的美国专利5,151,690中所述的驱动一有源矩阵LC显示器的方法，其在该专利方案的第一项中陈述了以下特征：The prototype of this variant of the method is the method of driving an active matrix LC display described in US Patent 5,151,690 by Seiko Epson, which states the following features in the first item of the patent proposal:

—使用一行寻址模式；— use a row addressing mode;

—除了驱动电压被施加给显示器电极的时间间隔(“驱动时间”)外，有出现在先前周期中的图像失真的至少部分补偿发生的一时间周期(“补偿时间”)；- in addition to the time interval during which the drive voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display ("drive time"), there is a period of time during which at least partial compensation of image distortions present in the preceding period takes place ("compensation time");

—在补偿时间周期期间，选择脉冲未被施加给行电极，且一或多个信号电极由在先前周期中的图像变化引起的失真的至少部分补偿所需的一附加电压进行激励。- During the compensation time period, the selection pulse is not applied to the row electrodes and one or more signal electrodes are activated by an additional voltage required for at least partial compensation of the distortion caused by the image change in the previous period.

为实现该技术，该专利方案的第二项建议应根据对于该补偿时间之前的一先前时间周期的在一特定列电极上的在“通”和“断”状态之间的变化数来设定补偿电压。To implement this technique, the second proposal of the patent scheme should be set according to the number of changes between "on" and "off" states on a particular column electrode for a previous time period before the compensation time compensation voltage.

对应于该原型方法的这些行和列电压图在图9中被示出。电压V_ri被施加给行Y_i，电压V_cj被施加给列X_j，V_ij是第(i，j)单元的电压。V₀₁和V₀₂是相邻帧中的基准电压。在选择了所有的行电极后，补偿电压被施加给列X_j达时间t_c(其长度取决于在先前周期期间在电极X_j上的电压变化数)。The row and column voltage plots corresponding to the prototype method are shown in FIG. 9 . The voltage V _ri is applied to the row Y _i , the voltage V _cj is applied to the column X _j , and V _ij is the voltage of the (i,j)th cell. V ₀₁ and V ₀₂ are reference voltages in adjacent frames. After all row electrodes have been selected, the compensation voltage is applied to column _Xj for a time _tc (the length of which depends on the number of voltage changes on electrode _Xj during the previous cycle).

该方法的变型与原型方法的不同之处在于：Variants of this method differ from the prototype method in that:

—多行选择模式是可能的；- multi-line selection mode is possible;

—通过使用某些手段，例如通过将准基准电压施加给信号电极，脉冲形状的传播失真对单元准ms电压的影响被使得与图像无关；- by using certain means, e.g. by applying a quasi-reference voltage to the signal electrodes, the influence of pulse-shaped propagation distortions on the unit quasi-ms voltage is rendered image-independent;

—电压V_com(i)被施加给第i行电极以对列脉冲传播失真的影响进行补偿；- a voltage V _com (i) is applied to the i-th row electrode to compensate for the effect of column pulse propagation distortion;

—在补偿电压V_com(i)、V_com(j)的参数和在先前时间周期中跨越显示器的亮度失真之间没有相关性。- There is no correlation between the parameters of the compensation voltages _Vcom (i), _Vcom (j) and the luminance distortion across the display in previous time periods.

该方法的第七变型改善了图像均匀性和对比度，并增大了显示尺寸和工作速度。The seventh variant of the method improves image uniformity and contrast, and increases display size and working speed.

第九实施例是驱动一LCD的方法的第八种变型。该LC显示器在第一实施例中被描述。 The ninth embodiment is an eighth modification of the method of driving an LCD. The LC display is described in the first embodiment.

通过将扫描电压施加至选择的扫描电极并将一基准电压V0施加至未选择的扫描电极而逐一或逐群顺序地选择扫描电极。Scan electrodes are sequentially selected one by one or group by group by applying a scan voltage to selected scan electrodes and applying a reference voltage V0 to unselected scan electrodes.

信号电极通过电压脉冲被驱动。这些脉冲设置提供单元均方电压的标称电流值的基准电平电压(或者有意义的电平、或者基准电平、或者有意义的与基准电平的组合)和恒定的且相等的持续时间(t_m/2)、相反极性和相同恒定模V_m的附加电平。The signal electrodes are driven by voltage pulses. These pulse settings provide a reference level voltage (either a meaningful level, or a reference level, or a meaningful combination with a reference level) of the nominal current value of the cell mean square voltage and a constant and equal duration (t _m /2), opposite polarity and an additional level of the same constant modulus V _m .

这些附加电平设置由列驱动脉冲沿长电极传播时由其失真引起的准ms电压脉动的一几乎与图像无关的分量。该分量随着距驱动电压脉冲施加给一列电极的点的距离的增大而幅度增大。由这些脉冲失真引起的任何象素亮度距其标称值的变化取决于象素位置。These additional levels set an almost image-independent component of the quasi-ms voltage fluctuations caused by the distortion of the column drive pulses as they propagate along the long electrodes. This component increases in magnitude with increasing distance from the point at which the drive voltage pulse is applied to a column of electrodes. Any variation in pixel brightness from its nominal value caused by these pulse distortions is dependent on pixel location.

该方法的该变型的区别之处在于生成自一特定行起始的行补偿电压V_com(i)。这些补偿电压的幅度V_com(i)或它们的持续时间在经验上或分析地被确定用于各行电极(对于给定的时间图和帧频率)。在行选择周期内的一特定时刻，该补偿电压V_com(i)被加至(以叠加在)施加于i行电极的扫描电压以提供对由列驱动脉冲的传播失真引起的第i行的单元的降低的准ms电压的补偿。This variant of the method differs in that the row compensation voltage V _com (i) is generated starting from a particular row. The magnitude _Vcom (i) of these compensation voltages or their duration is determined empirically or analytically for each row of electrodes (for a given time profile and frame frequency). At a specific moment in the row selection period, the compensation voltage V _com (i) is added to (to be superimposed on) the scan voltage applied to the electrode of the i row to provide a response to the i-th row caused by the propagation distortion of the column drive pulse. Compensation for the reduced quasi-ms voltage of the cell.

用于对应于该方法的该变型的行电压的时间图的例子在图27中被示出。在一行寻址模式下，选择脉冲V_r被施加给第一、第i、第(i+m)、和第N行电极达两帧周期且在两行寻址模式下，选择脉冲Vr被施加给第一、第i、第(i+m)、和第N行电极达两场。加上的不同幅度的补偿电压δV_i、δV_i+m、δV_N被用虚线示出。Vcj示出了用于第j信号电极的驱动电压的时间图。An example of a timing diagram for the row voltages corresponding to this variant of the method is shown in FIG. 27 . In the one-row addressing mode, the selection pulse _Vr is applied to the first, i-th, (i+m), and N-th row electrodes for two frame periods and in the two-row addressing mode, the selection pulse Vr is applied Give the first, ith, (i+m), and Nth row electrodes for two fields. The applied compensation voltages δV _i , δV _i+m , δV _N of different magnitudes are shown with dotted lines. Vcj shows a time chart of the drive voltage for the jth signal electrode.

该方法的该变型的原型是Seiko Epson的美国专利5,151,690(第四原型方法)中所述的驱动一有源矩阵LC显示器的方法。The prototype for this variant of the method is the method of driving an active matrix LC display described in US Patent 5,151,690 (fourth prototype method) by Seiko Epson.

除了该方法的第七变型不同于第四原型方法的这些方面外，该方法的第八变型不具有该原型的使用将补偿电压施加给信号电极的一分离的时间间隔的区别之处Apart from the respects in which the seventh variant of the method differs from the method of the fourth prototype, the eighth variant of the method does not differ from the prototype in the use of a separate time interval for applying the compensating voltage to the signal electrodes

该方法的该变型的要点在于使用用于各行电极的补偿电压的恒定(在时间过程中)值和可被补偿的单元准ms电压脉动的宽的范围。在分配和增大该显示器的N_max中也不需要在帧周期内的持续时间t_c的分离的补偿间隔。The point of this variant of the method is to use a constant (over time) value of the compensation voltage for each row electrode and a wide range of quasi-ms voltage fluctuations of the cells that can be compensated. There is also no need for a separate compensation interval of duration _tc within the frame period in allocating and increasing _Nmax of the display.

该方法的第八变型改善了图像均匀性和对比度，并增大了显示尺寸和工作速度。The eighth variant of the method improves image uniformity and contrast, and increases display size and working speed.

第十实施例是驱动一LCD的方法的第九种变型。该LC显示器在第一实施例中被描述。 The tenth embodiment is a ninth modification of the method of driving an LCD. The LC display is described in the first embodiment.

通过将扫描电压施加至选择的扫描电极并将一基准电压V₀施加至未选择的扫描电极而逐一或逐群顺序地选择扫描电极。这些施加给信号电极的脉冲设置提供单元均方电压的标称当前值的基准电平电压(或者有意义的电平、或者基准电平、或者有意义的与基准电平的组合)。Scan electrodes are sequentially selected one by one or group by group by applying a scan voltage to selected scan electrodes and applying a reference voltage V ₀ to unselected scan electrodes. These pulse settings applied to the signal electrodes provide a reference level voltage (or a meaningful level, or a reference level, or a meaningful combination with a reference level) of the nominal current value of the cell mean square voltage.

然而，沿一长行电极传播的驱动脉冲的形状劣化导致这些单元的准ms电压的不想要的变化和这些象素的更差的光学性能。这些变化的值是取决于被改变的准ms电压的电流值的单元电容的一函数。这样这些已知技术不能解决与取决于显示模式的单元电容变化有关的负面影响。However, the degradation of the shape of the drive pulse propagating along a long row of electrodes leads to unwanted changes in the quasi-ms voltage of the cells and poorer optical performance of the pixels. The value of these changes is a function of the cell capacitance depending on the current value of the quasi-ms voltage being changed. These known techniques thus do not address the negative effects associated with variations in cell capacitance depending on the display mode.

该方法的该第九变型被设计以消除由在单元的准ms电压上这些脉冲沿长电极传播引起的脉冲形状失真的影响并抑制由单元电容的变化引起的变暗的效应。This ninth variant of the method is designed to eliminate the effect of pulse shape distortion caused by propagation of these pulses along the long electrodes on the quasi-ms voltage of the cell and to suppress the effect of dimming caused by changes in cell capacitance.

该方法的该变型的区别之处在于特定的脉冲形状。该脉冲形状在一方面提供了所需的在一长电极的单元处的ms电压的值且在另一方面提供了由这些脉冲沿该电极(包括带有非线性特性的电极)传播时脉冲边沿的失真所引起的准ms电压变化的自补偿。一脉冲的上升边和下降边(前部和尾部)在此被认为是距基准电压V₀的一电压跳升和电压跳降。This variant of the method differs by a specific pulse shape. The pulse shape provides on the one hand the required value of the ms voltage at the cell of a long electrode and on the other hand provides the pulse edges as the pulses propagate along the electrode (including electrodes with non-linear properties). Self-compensation for quasi-ms voltage changes caused by distortion. The rising and falling edges (leading and trailing) of a pulse are here considered to be a voltage jump up and down from the reference voltage V ₀ .

伴随在一长电极上的电压脉冲的瞬态过程可用一指数(exponent)近似，该瞬态时间取决于一特定单元的位置(i，j)。该上升边和下降边具有相同的瞬态时间时，带有阶梯式的上升边的驱动脉冲可提供单元准ms电压的降低，其等于或接近等于由该下降边引起的该值的增高。为确保该单元准ms电压脉动的自补偿，该上升边的轮廓提供的单元准ms电压的降低应比由带有陡峭上升边的脉冲引起的单元准ms电压的降低小三倍。The transient accompanying a voltage pulse across a long electrode can be approximated with an exponential, the transient time depending on the position (i,j) of a particular cell. With the rising and falling edges having the same transient time, a drive pulse with a stepped rising edge can provide a quasi-ms voltage reduction of the cell that is equal or nearly equal to the increase in value caused by the falling edge. To ensure self-compensation of the cell's quasi-ms voltage ripple, the rising-edge profile should provide a drop in cell's quasi-ms voltage that is three times smaller than the drop in cell's quasi-ms voltage caused by a pulse with a steeper-rising edge.

在图28中示出了自传播产生失真的带有阶梯式的上升边的驱动脉冲的时间图的例子。单元准ms电压的降低相对于电平V₀的不同极性的上升边和下降边被示出。相比于常规的矩形脉冲，脉冲V₁可双重地减少单元准ms电压脉动。在上升边中具有两阶梯，如果该阶梯顶部足够长以提供该长电极中的瞬态过程的足够的完结(dying)，脉冲V2可消除单元准ms电压脉动。FIG. 28 shows an example of a timing diagram of a drive pulse with a stepped leading edge distorted by self-propagation. The lowering of the cell quasi-ms voltage with respect to the rising and falling edges of different polarities of level _V0 is shown. Pulse V ₁ can doubly reduce cell quasi-ms voltage ripple compared to conventional rectangular pulses. With two steps in the rising edge, pulse V2 can eliminate cell quasi-ms voltage ripple if the top of the steps is long enough to provide sufficient dying of the transient in the long electrode.

具有阶梯形状的前部可通过其他方法形成。方法之一是在各T_r周期内平均地施加两或三个附加的准基准电平给信号电极，所述电平具有相同的恒定持续时间(t_m/2)和不同的模值(V_m1、V_m2...)。The front portion having a stepped shape can be formed by other methods. One method is to apply two or three additional quasi-reference levels on average to the signal electrodes during each _Tr period, said levels having the same constant duration ( _tm /2) and different modulus values (V _m1 , V _{m2 .} . . ).

该方法的第九和第五变型的结合使用减少或消除了在这些脉冲边沿到达电极之一的时间的相对电极的电压的非相似性引起的单元准ms电压脉动。The combined use of the ninth and fifth variants of the method reduces or eliminates the cell's quasi-ms voltage ripple caused by the dissimilarity in the voltages of the opposing electrodes at the time these pulse edges reach one of the electrodes.

Hitachi的美国专利5,301,047中描述的方法最接近于该方法的该变型。该原型方法使用如同该第一原型方法的变型中的一行寻址模式，不同形式的高频电压被连续地加至行或列、或行和列电压电平。该原型方法的目的在于改善显示图像的均匀性。图7给出了通过将斩波连续地施加给行和列驱动电压而生成的在第ij单元的电压轮廓。The approach described in Hitachi's US Patent 5,301,047 comes closest to this variation of the approach. The prototype method uses a row addressing mode as in a variation of the first prototype method, different forms of high frequency voltage are applied sequentially to row or column, or row and column voltage levels. The purpose of this prototype method is to improve the uniformity of the displayed image. Figure 7 presents the voltage profile of the ith cell generated by applying chopping successively to the row and column drive voltages.

该方法的第九变型与第二原型方法的不同之处在于：The ninth variant of this method differs from the second prototype method in that:

—驱动电压未与任何形状的高频脉冲连续叠加；- The driving voltage is not continuously superimposed with any shape of high-frequency pulse;

—用于显示电极的驱动脉冲的阶梯或接近阶梯的上升边提供在单元准ms电压上的脉冲失真影响的自补偿。- The rising edge of the steps at or near the steps of the drive pulses for the display electrodes provides self-compensation for pulse distortion effects on the cell's quasi-ms voltage.

该方法的第九变型改善了图像均匀性和对比度，可增大显示尺寸和工作速度。The ninth variant of the method improves image uniformity and contrast, allowing for increased display size and working speed.

第十一实施例是驱动一LCD的方法的第十种变型。该LC显示器在第一实施例中被描述。 The eleventh embodiment is a tenth modification of the method of driving an LCD. The LC display is described in the first embodiment.

以逐两顺序选择扫描电极，在帧周期上至少两次。扫描电压的极性(V_r1和V_r2)根据一特定规则交变，例如这些电压在第一场中具有相同的极性(相对于V₀)且在第二场中具有相反极性。可使用平均地提供所述交变的其他规则。未被选择的行电极携载基准电压V₀。Scanning electrodes are selected in a two-by-two order at least twice in a frame period. The polarity of the scan voltages ( _Vr1 and _Vr2 ) alternate according to a certain rule, eg these voltages have the same polarity (relative to _V0 ) in the first field and opposite polarity in the second field. Other rules that provide the alternation on average can be used. The unselected row electrodes carry a reference voltage V ₀ .

在一选择周期Tr期间，基本电平连同附加电平一起被施加给一信号电极。During a selection period Tr, the base level is applied to a signal electrode together with the additional level.

该方法的该变型的不同之处在于称为信息和准基准均衡(equalizing)的，这些有意义的电平的两分量被施加给信号电极以提供选择的单元的脉冲长度调制而非在多行寻址模式中使用的帧调制。This variant of the method differs in that known as information and quasi-reference equalizing, two components of these meaningful levels are applied to the signal electrodes to provide pulse length modulation of selected cells rather than in multiple rows Frame modulation used in addressing mode.

根据位于第i和第(i+1)行电极与第j列的相交点的象素的亮度a_ij和a_(i+1)j(a_ij和a_(i+1)j例如可从-1变化到+1)，该列接收其持续时间与在相同极性的行选择脉冲下的亮度值的一半和(a_ij+a_(i+1)j)/2，或在相反极性的行脉冲下的亮度值的一半差(a_ij-a_{(i+1) j})/2成比例且极性相同的信息电平。该信息电平的持续时间对于LC显示元素的非线性光电特性可被修正。According to the luminance a ij and a (i+1)j ( _{a ij} and a _(i+1)j of the pixel located at the intersection of the i-th and ( _i ₊₁₎ row electrodes and the j-th column, for example, can be obtained from- 1 to +1), the column receives half the brightness value and (a ij +a (i+1)j )/2 of its duration under a row select pulse of the same polarity and (a _ij +a _(i+1)j )/2, or The half difference (a _ij -a _{(i+1) j} )/2 of the luminance value under the line pulse is proportional to the information level with the same polarity. The duration of this information level can be corrected for the non-linear electro-optical characteristics of the LC display elements.

该信息电平可与周期Tr一样宽或比其短。例如，如果根据该方法的第一和第二变型，除了信息电平外，附加电平被施加给信号电极，信息电平的最大持续时间被设定等于T_r-t_m-t₀。This information level can be as wide as or shorter than the period Tr. For example, if, in addition to the information level, an additional level is applied to the signal electrodes according to the first and second variants of the method, the maximum duration of the information level is set equal to T _r -t _m -t ₀ .

显然这些信息电平的总持续时间对于两选择周期的时间可发生变化。为使与这些给定的象素相关的所有的有意义的电平的总持续时间恒定。使用持续时间可变且幅度等于信息电平的准基准均衡电平。没有附加电平，自(18)定义相对于V₀的列驱动脉冲的幅度。否则，使用(25)求出该幅度。两周期Tr上的所有信息和均衡电平的总持续时间等于或大于信息分量的最大持续时间，例如上例中的T_r-t_m-t₀。两给定的选择周期中的所有有意义的电平的总持续时间变为等于T_r+t_m-t₀。It will be apparent that the total duration of these information levels may vary for the duration of the two selection periods. for the total duration of all meaningful levels associated with these given pixels to be constant. A quasi-reference equalization level of variable duration and amplitude equal to the information level is used. Without additional levels, the amplitude of the column drive pulses relative to _V0 is defined from (18). Otherwise, use (25) to find the magnitude. The total duration of all information and equalization levels over two periods Tr is equal to or greater than the maximum duration of the information component, such as T _r -t _m -t ₀ in the above example. The total duration of all significant levels in two given selection periods becomes equal to T _r +t _m -t ₀ .

这些信息分量电平的持续时间严格地根据上述规则在各两周期T_r中被设定，而均衡电压电平可被严密地或平均地分布在任意地跟随该准基准轮廓的两周期之间。The duration of these information component levels is set in each two periods _Tr strictly according to the above rules, while the equalization voltage level can be closely or evenly distributed between two periods arbitrarily following the quasi-reference profile .

在图29中示出上述内容，其中在两双场帧上示出提供选择给第(i，j)和(i+1，j)单元的行控制电压V_ri和V_r(i+1)及列驱动电压V_cj。在各选择周期T_r期间，该列接收包含有信息和均衡电平、以及附加电平的列驱动电压脉冲，这些附加电平包含t₀宽的基准电平V₀和t_m宽的准基准电压，后者的幅度等于基本列驱动电压的幅度。在各周期Tr上，带有与选择脉冲V_ri相同极性的有意义电平的总持续时间t_off和带有与选择脉冲V_ri相反极性的有意义电平的总持续时间t_on包括对应于该附加有意义电平的持续时间的一恒定项且可包括对应于准基准均衡电平和信息电平的持续时间的总和的一可变项。由于附加的有意义电平，在各周期T_r中存在有有意义电平。在图29中，这些有意义电平被放置在周期T_r的开始处和结束处。在项t_off和t_on上的指示号1和2是指有意义电平是属于第一还是第二帧场。This is shown in Figure 29, where the row control voltages V _ri and V _r(i+1) provided for selection to the (i,j) and (i+1,j)th cells are shown on two double field frames and column drive voltage V _cj . During each selection period _Tr , the column receives column drive voltage pulses containing information and equalization levels, as well as additional levels consisting of a t0 _- wide reference level _V0 and a _tm- wide quasi-reference voltage, the magnitude of which is equal to the magnitude of the basic column drive voltage. Over each period Tr, the total duration t _off with a significant level of the same polarity as the selection pulse V _ri and the total duration t _on with a significant level of the opposite polarity to the selection pulse V _ri include A constant term corresponds to the duration of the additional meaningful level and may include a variable term corresponding to the sum of the duration of the quasi-reference equalization level and the information level. Due to the additional meaningful level there is a meaningful level in each period _Tr . In Fig. 29, these meaningful levels are placed at the beginning and end of period _Tr . The indication numbers 1 and 2 on the items t _off and t _on refer to whether the meaningful level belongs to the first or second frame field.

根据图29中的图选择的象素被假定具有不同的亮度电平：a_ij＝-0.5和a_(i+1)j＝-0.25。负极性对应于电平“通”。根据该方法的该变型，信息电平的持续时间和极性在第一场中被设定-0.375(T_r-t_m-t₀)而在第二场中被设定-0.125(T_r-t_m-t₀)。对于给定象素的各均衡电平的总持续时间在两帧场上为0.25(T_r-t_m-t₀)。该均衡分量的准基准电平或它们的分数可以任何形式在间隔T_r上被分布。在图29中，它们全部被定位在第二帧场中。结果，在选择周期内的第一场内，电平“断”的总持续时间t_off1＝t_m/2和电平“通”的总持续时间t_on1＝t_m/2+0.375(T_r-t_m-t₀)。在选择时间的第二场内，电平“断”的总持续时间t_off2＝t_m/2+0.25(T_r-t_m-t₀)和电平“通”的总持续时间t_on2＝t_m/2+0.375(T_r-t_m-t₀)。在两给定周期内的所有有意义电平的总持续时间是(T_r+t_m-t₀)。Pixels selected according to the graph in Fig. 29 are assumed to have different brightness levels: a _ij = -0.5 and a _(i+1)j = -0.25. Negative polarity corresponds to level "on". According to this variant of the method, the duration and polarity of the information level are set to -0.375(T _r -t _m -t ₀ ) in the first field and -0.125(T _r -t _m -t ₀ ). The total duration of each equalization level for a given pixel is 0.25(T _r -t _m -t ₀ ) over two fields. The quasi-reference levels of the equalization components or their fractions may be distributed over the interval _Tr in any manner. In Fig. 29, they are all positioned in the second frame field. As a result, in the first field in the selection period, the total duration t _off1 =t _m /2 of the level "off" and the total duration t _on1 =t _m /2+0.375(T _r -t _m -t ₀ ). In the second field of the selection time, the total duration t _off2 of the level “off” =t _m /2+0.25(T _r −t _m −t ₀ ) and the total duration t _on2 of the level “on” = t _m /2+0.375(T _r -t _m -t ₀ ). The total duration of all meaningful levels within two given periods is (T _r +t _m -t ₀ ).

在其他段落中已讨论了在图17和图19中给出的其亮度电平对应于(通，通)、(断，断)、(灰度，灰度)的象素群的两场电压图的例子。The two field voltages given in Figures 17 and 19 for groups of pixels whose brightness levels correspond to (on, on), (off, off), (grayscale, grayscale) have been discussed in other paragraphs Figure example.

该方法的第十变型的原型在Asashi Glass的美国专利5,489,919(第八原型方法)中被给出，其中使用一多行寻址。图12示出了用于四行寻址的行驱动电压。在用于第八原型方法的章节“发明背景”中给出了求出列电压的算法。该算法包括连续地向对应于在周期T_r上是恒定的行和列电压的逻辑值进行“不可兼的或”运算，将运算的结果求和，并将这些和转换成列驱动电压。该算法不允许对两行寻址进行脉冲长度调制，没有附加的改善。A prototype of a tenth variation of this method is given in US Patent 5,489,919 to Asashi Glass (eighth prototype method), in which a multi-line addressing is used. Figure 12 shows row drive voltages for four row addressing. The algorithm for finding the column voltage is given in the chapter "Background of the Invention" for the eighth prototype method. The algorithm consists of successively "exclusive OR"ing logical values corresponding to row and column voltages that are constant over the period _Tr , summing the results of the operations, and converting these sums into column drive voltages. The algorithm does not allow pulse length modulation for two row addressing without additional improvement.

该方法的第十变型与原型方法的不同之处在于：The tenth variant of this method differs from the prototype method in that:

—在周期T_r上，有意义的电平分量，信息和准基准均衡电平被施加给该列；– over period _Tr , meaningful level components, information and quasi-reference equalization levels are applied to the column;

—不在对应于行和列电压的逻辑值上执行“不可兼的或”逻辑运算，也不对这些结果的和执行“不可兼的或”逻辑运算。- No "exclusive OR" logical operation is performed on the logical values corresponding to the row and column voltages, nor is an "exclusive OR" logical operation performed on the sum of these results.

与一行寻址相反，两行寻址根据(17)或(24)将行驱动脉冲的幅度减小××的一因数，且对于许多类型的显示模式，减小由帧响应引起的单元准ms电压脉动。相比于在原型方法中使用的帧调制，使用脉冲长度调制还提供对于任何灰度图像等级的更快的帧刷新速率(仅在两场时间内或在周期NT_r内)。In contrast to one-line addressing, two-line addressing reduces the amplitude of the row drive pulses by a factor of ×× according to (17) or (24), and for many types of display modes reduces the cell quasi-ms caused by the frame response Voltage pulsation. Using pulse length modulation also provides a faster frame refresh rate for any grayscale image level (only within two field times or within period NT _r ) compared to frame modulation used in the prototype method.

该方法的第十变型，特别与其他变型相组合，提高了图像均匀性和对比度并使得增大了显示器工作速度和尺寸。The tenth variant of the method, especially in combination with other variants, improves the image uniformity and contrast and enables increased operating speed and size of the display.

第十二实施例是驱动一LCD的方法的第十一种变型。该LC显示器在第一实施例中被描述。 The twelfth embodiment is an eleventh modification of the method of driving an LCD. The LC display is described in the first embodiment.

该LCD单元的EOB(光电特性)具有设定参数N_max等于或大于N_maxo的阈值ms电压。The EOB (Opto-Electrical Characteristics) of the LCD cell has a threshold ms voltage with a setting parameter N _max equal to or greater than N _maxo .

根据(7)，N_max≡(U_th1 ²+U_th2 ²)²/(U_th2 ²-U_th1 ²)²是显示参数，U_th1 ²是工作范围EOB的最低边界，U_th2 ²是工作范围EOB的上部边界。N_maxo是可根据该方法的该变型(或若干变型)通过电压波形(通过一特定组的驱动电压)进行正确驱动的显示器的N_max的最小值。该正确驱动必须设定(或可设定)对应于该单元EOB的工作范围的单元ms电压的范围。由于任何驱动方法允许单元准ms电压关于工作值的显著的变化，参数U_th3和U_th4(见图15)更加准确地特征化该工作模式下的显示参数且不得不被使用以替代U_th1和U_th2用于确定N_maxo。通过将扫描电压施加至选择的扫描电极并将一基准电压V₀施加至未选择的扫描电极而逐一或逐群顺序地选择扫描电极。在一选择周期T_r期间，基本电压电平连同附加电压电平一起被施加给一信号电极。According to (7), N _max ≡(U _th1 ² +U _th2 ² ) ² /(U _th2 ² -U _th1 ² ) ² is the display parameter, U _th1 ² is the lowest boundary of the working range EOB, U _th2 ² is the working range Upper boundary of the EOB. N _maxo is the minimum value of N _max for a display that can be correctly driven by a voltage waveform (by a particular set of drive voltages) according to this variant (or variants) of the method. The correct drive must set (or can set) the range of cell ms voltages corresponding to the operating range of the cell EOB. Since any driving method allows significant variation of the unit's quasi-ms voltage with respect to the operating value, the parameters U _th3 and U _th4 (see Figure 15) more accurately characterize the display parameters in this operating mode and have to be used instead of U _th1 and U _th2 is used to determine N _maxo . Scan electrodes are sequentially selected one by one or group by group by applying a scan voltage to selected scan electrodes and applying a reference voltage V ₀ to unselected scan electrodes. During a selection period _Tr , the base voltage level is applied to a signal electrode together with the additional voltage level.

该方法的变型的特征是使用幅度为 $| V_{ro} | \sqrt{1 - η}$ 的行选择脉冲和幅度为 $| V_{co} \sqrt{1 + η}$ 的列驱动脉冲，这里η是不超过数1的一数且通过公式 $η = \sqrt{1 - ξ}$ 由显示参数确定。参数ξ＝N_maxo/N_max不大于1。N_maxo是根据一特定的时间图提供显示器的正确驱动的N_max的最小值。|V_ro|和|V_co|是被施加给具有等于N_max0的值的N_max的另一(基准)显示的电压V_r和V_c的模，所述另一显示由所述方法的该变型正确地驱动。值η可用作为用于将电压V_r和V_c的幅度修整(调节)到确定正确或接近正确驱动具有N_max＞N_max0的显示器的值的参数。对正确驱动的接近值由修整到最佳显示图像的可允许值定义。在章节“理论背景”中给出了用于几个驱动图的N_max0、V_ro和V_co的例子。A variant of this method is characterized by using a magnitude of $| V_{ro} | \sqrt{1 - η}$ The row select pulse and amplitude are $| V_{co} \sqrt{1 + η}$ The column drive pulse, where n is a number not exceeding the number 1 and passed by the formula $η = \sqrt{1 - ξ}$ Determined by display parameters. The parameter ξ=N _maxo /N _max is not greater than 1. N _maxo is the minimum value of N _max that provides proper driving of the display according to a specific timing diagram. |V _ro | and |V _co | are the moduli of the voltages V _r and V _c applied to another (reference) display of N _max having a value equal to N _max0 , which is determined by this method of the method Variant drives correctly. The value η can be used as a parameter for trimming (adjusting) the amplitudes of the voltages _Vr and _Vc to values that determine correct or nearly correct driving of a display with _Nmax > _Nmax0 . The approximation to correct driving is defined by the allowable value trimmed to best display the image. Examples of N _max0 , V _ro and V _co for several drive maps are given in the chapter "Theoretical Background".

对于待被正确驱动的带有比N_maxo(ξ＝0.5)大两倍的N_max的显示器，行选择脉冲应具有1.31V_c0的幅度。该结果是准ms电压脉动的幅度相对于准ms电压工作范围(被定义为V_th2 ²-V_th1 ²)的宽度的比例下降2.3的因数。在两行寻址的情况下，使用该方法的该变型，相比于Alt和Pleshko的一行寻址，将准ms电压脉动的幅度降低了4.6的因数，并使得动态EOB(见图15)几乎符合于其静态模拟量。For a display with _Nmax twice greater than _Nmaxo (ξ=0.5) to be properly driven, the row select pulse should have an amplitude of 1.31V _c0 . The result is that the magnitude of the quasi-ms voltage ripple is reduced by a factor of 2.3 in proportion to the width of the quasi-ms voltage operating range (defined as V _th2 ² −V _th1 ² ). In the case of two-row addressing, using this variant of the method, compared to Alt and Pleshko's one-row addressing, reduces the magnitude of the quasi-ms voltage ripple by a factor of 4.6 and makes the dynamic EOB (see Figure 15) almost Consistent with its static analog.

该方法的第十一变型的原型是Seiko Epson的美国专利5,093,736中所述的一行寻址的方法(第七种原型方法)。根据该方法，带有大量行电极(不少于300)的一显示器具有偏置比b的行和列电压驱动，该偏置比b的值被确定在1/(N^1/2-N/200)到1/(N^1/2-N/50)的范围内。该驱动方法的目的在于提高图像对比度和显示器工作速度。The prototype of an eleventh variant of this method is the method of row addressing described in US Patent 5,093,736 to Seiko Epson (the seventh prototype method). According to this method, a display with a large number of row electrodes (not less than 300) is driven with row and column voltages with a bias ratio b determined at 1/(N ^1/2 -N/ 200) to 1/(N ^1/2 -N/50). The purpose of this driving method is to improve image contrast and display operating speed.

然而，理论介绍的第三段示出该原型方法的这些特征对于实现显示器的声明特征既不需要也不充分。However, the third paragraph of the theoretical introduction shows that these features of the prototyping approach are neither necessary nor sufficient to realize the declared features of the display.

该方法的该变型与第七种原型方法的不同之处在于：This variant of the method differs from the seventh prototype method in that:

—多行寻址是可能的；- multi-line addressing is possible;

—对于带有多于300的大量行电极的显示器，没有所述的“偏置比b”可在其中变化以生成行和列电压电平的值的范围；- for displays with a large number of row electrodes more than 300, there is no stated range of values within which the "bias ratio b" can be varied to generate row and column voltage levels;

—行选择脉冲的幅度V_r取决于上述方式中的V_r0和N_maxo/N_amx；- the amplitude V _r of the row selection pulse depends on V _r0 and N _maxo /N _amx in the above manner;

—列驱动脉冲的幅度V_c取决于上述方式中的V_c0和N_maxo/N_max；- the amplitude V _c of the column drive pulse depends on V _c0 and N _maxo /N _max in the above manner;

该方法的第十一变型的使用提高了图像对比度而未改变帧速率，改善了沿行电极的图像均匀性，减少了功耗，并提供了增大显示器工作速度和尺寸的可能性。The use of the eleventh variant of the method increases the image contrast without changing the frame rate, improves the uniformity of the image along the row electrodes, reduces power consumption and offers the possibility of increasing the operating speed and size of the display.

改善它们的性能的驱动LC显示器的该方法的这些原型的见解在此处完成。Insights into these prototypes of this method of driving LC displays improving their performance are done here.

然而，因为这些变型使图像质量改善技术与实现所声明的技术结果的显示参数相关，该显示器进一步被认为是本发明的技术实施例的目标。However, since these variants relate image quality improvement techniques to display parameters achieving the stated technical results, this display is further considered to be the object of the technical embodiments of the present invention.

第十三实施例是一LC显示器。该LC显示器具有一面板，该面板包括有基底，在其中一基底上有一扫描电极的阵列且在另一基底上有一信号电极的阵列。插在两基底之间的LC材料设置在所述电极的交叉点之间的LC单元。LC单元生成该显示器的显示元素并确定其亮度作为该单元电极上的电压的一函数。 The thirteenth embodiment is an LC display. The LC display has a panel including substrates, an array of scan electrodes on one substrate and an array of signal electrodes on the other substrate. The LC material interposed between the two substrates provides the LC cell between the intersections of the electrodes. The LC cell generates the display elements of the display and determines their brightness as a function of the voltage on the cell's electrodes.

任何上述方法的变型或其组合被使用进行驱动。使用在第七实施例中描述的装置驱动该显示器。Variations of any of the above methods or combinations thereof are used for actuation. The display is driven using the apparatus described in the seventh embodiment.

该显示器设计的不同之处在于其LC单元生成显示元素被使具有将N_max设置得不小于N_amxo的阈值U_th1 ²和U_th2 ²。这里，N_max＝(U_th1 ²+U_th2 ²)²/(U_th2 ²-U_th1 ²)²是在该文本中被综合地认为的显示器参数，U_th1 ²是EOB的工作范围的最低边界而U_th2 ²是所述工作范围的上部边界。N_max0是该显示器能够根据所述方法的该(些)变型通过一特定组驱动电压进行正确驱动的N_max的最小值。该正确驱动必须设定对应于该单元EOB的工作范围的单元ms电压的范围。在此情况下，该显示器可提供最佳的图像质量。在该理论介绍中给出了用于一些时间图的N_max0的一些值。当该显示器的驱动被伴随有准ms电压的显著变化，动态EOB的U_th3 ²和U_th4 ²应被使用以替代U_th1 ²和U_th2 ²用于确定N_max。The display design differs in that its LC cell generating display elements are made to have thresholds U _th1 ² and U _th2 ² which set N _max not smaller than N _amxo . Here, N _max =(U _th1 ² +U _th2 ² ) ² /(U _th2 ² −U _th1 ² ) ² is the display parameter comprehensively considered in this text, and U _th1 ² is the lowest boundary of the working range of EOB And U _th2 ² is the upper boundary of the working range. N _max0 is the minimum value of N _max at which the display can be properly driven with a particular set of drive voltages according to the variant(s) of the method. The correct drive must set the range of cell ms voltages corresponding to the operating range of the cell EOB. In this case, this monitor provides the best picture quality. Some values of N _max0 for some time diagrams are given in this theoretical introduction. When the display is driven with significant changes in quasi-ms voltage, U _th3 ² and U _th4 ² of dynamic EOB should be used instead of U _th1 ² and U _th2 ² for determining N _max .

该技术方案的该原型可以是使用所述的任何原型方法被驱动的任何LC驱动器。The prototype of this technical solution can be any LC driver driven using any of the prototyping methods described.

所述的显示器与该原型的不同之处在于其设计应提供在一特定范围内的N_max，具体地，其应不小于N_max0。进而，N_max0取决于该文本中所述的一形式下的显示器时间图。The display described differs from this prototype in that its design should provide N _max within a certain range, in particular it should not be less than N _max0 . In turn, N _max0 depends on the display timing diagram in a form described in the text.

本发明的该驱动方法的所有变型(相互补充)、驱动装置和显示器设计提供了图像对比度和均匀性、色彩表示的质量和显示器工作速度和尺寸的双重提高。All variants of this drive method (complementary to each other) of the invention, drive means and display design provide a double increase in image contrast and uniformity, quality of color representation and display operating speed and size.

从这些评估中得出，所述的原型方法总和能够减少不想要的数量级(order)为4的电学现象。该结果未将STN LCD的图像质量增强到接近现代TFT LCD的水平。给出的多个变型驱动方法总和实现了将这种电学现象的影响减少了一几十的因数，公开了该方法以在视频和电视速率上使用高质量的STN LCD。具有被抑制的串扰和其他影响的无源矩阵显示器可具有与有源矩阵显示器一样良好的特性甚至更好。From these evaluations it follows that the described prototype method sums to reduce unwanted electrical phenomena of order 4. This result does not enhance the image quality of STN LCDs to a level close to that of modern TFT LCDs. The sum of multiple variant drive methods presented achieves a reduction of the effects of this electrical phenomenon by a factor of tens, disclosed to use high quality STN LCDs at video and television rates. Passive matrix displays with suppressed crosstalk and other effects can have properties as good as active matrix displays or even better.

简单的设计、可制造性。高质量的图像和低成本制做平坦的、高速彩色无源矩阵显示器，一种主要候选的便宜且流行的电视监视器—今日阴极射线管的范围。有源矩阵显示器不能达到这个位置，因为制做成本高且色彩和灰度的细微层次表现的速度不够。Simple design, manufacturability. High image quality and low cost to produce flat, high-speed color passive-matrix displays, a prime candidate for inexpensive and popular television monitors—the range of today's cathode ray tubes. Active-matrix displays cannot reach this position because of high manufacturing costs and insufficient speed for the subtle gradation of color and grayscale.

附图简述Brief description of the drawings

图1是连接至这些驱动装置的一LC显示器的一部分的视图。Figure 1 is a view of a part of an LC display connected to these driving means.

图2是第一变型的显示元素的电压—亮度特性示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the voltage-brightness characteristic of the display element of the first modification.

图3是第二变型的显示元素的电压—亮度特性示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the voltage-brightness characteristic of the display element of the second modification.

图4是对应于第一原型方法的没有脉冲长度调制的驱动电压和单元电压的时间图。Fig. 4 is a timing diagram of drive voltage and cell voltage without pulse length modulation corresponding to the first prototype method.

图5是对应于第一方法的带有脉冲长度调制的驱动电压和单元电压的时间图。Fig. 5 is a timing diagram of drive voltage and cell voltage with pulse length modulation corresponding to the first method.

图6是单元电压幅度的时间图和单元准ms电压的静态振荡的对应时间图。Figure 6 is a time plot of the cell voltage amplitude and the corresponding time plot of the static oscillation of the cell quasi-ms voltage.

图7是对应于第二原型方法的单元电压时间图。Figure 7 is a cell voltage time diagram corresponding to the second prototype method.

图8是对应于第三原型方法的驱动电压和单元电压的时间图。FIG. 8 is a time chart of driving voltage and cell voltage corresponding to the third prototype method.

图9是对应于第四原型方法的驱动电压和单元电压的时间图。FIG. 9 is a time chart of driving voltages and cell voltages corresponding to the fourth prototype method.

图10是对应于第五原型方法的没有脉冲长度调制的驱动电压的时间图。Fig. 10 is a timing diagram of the driving voltage without pulse length modulation corresponding to the fifth prototype method.

图11是对应于第五原型方法的有脉冲长度调制的用于信号电极的驱动电压的时间图。Fig. 11 is a timing diagram of the driving voltage for the signal electrode with pulse length modulation corresponding to the fifth prototype method.

图12是对应于第八原型方法的用于四行寻址的行驱动电压的时间图。FIG. 12 is a timing chart of row driving voltages for four-row addressing corresponding to the eighth prototype method.

图13是对应于第八原型方法的用于四行寻址的行驱动电压的矩阵。Figure 13 is a matrix of row drive voltages for four row addressing corresponding to the eighth prototype method.

图14是一显示元素的静态平方电压—亮度特性(不考虑“帧响应”)。Figure 14 is a static squared voltage-brightness characteristic of a display element (disregarding "frame response").

图15是一显示元素的动态平方电压—亮度特性(考虑“帧响应”)。Figure 15 is a dynamic squared voltage-brightness characteristic (considering "frame response") of a display element.

图16是对应于第一实施例的一行寻址的时间图。Fig. 16 is a timing chart corresponding to one-line addressing of the first embodiment.

图17是对应于第一和第十一实施例的两行寻址的时间图。Fig. 17 is a timing chart of two-line addressing corresponding to the first and eleventh embodiments.

图18是对应于第一、第二、和第三实施例的一行寻址的时间图。Fig. 18 is a timing chart of one-line addressing corresponding to the first, second, and third embodiments.

图19是对应于第一、第二、第三和第十一实施例的两行寻址的时间图。Fig. 19 is a timing chart of two-row addressing corresponding to the first, second, third and eleventh embodiments.

图20是对应于第一、第二、第三、第四和第五实施例的两行寻址的时间图。Fig. 20 is a timing chart of two-row addressing corresponding to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth embodiments.

图21是对应于第六和第三实施例的用于三群信号电极的脉冲移位的时间图。Fig. 21 is a timing chart of pulse shifts for three groups of signal electrodes corresponding to the sixth and third embodiments.

图22是对应于第六和第五实施例的用于三群信号电极的脉冲移位的时间图。Fig. 22 is a timing chart of pulse shifts for three groups of signal electrodes corresponding to the sixth and fifth embodiments.

图23是显示器驱动装置的方框图。Fig. 23 is a block diagram of a display driving device.

图24是第七实施例的一输出电路图。Fig. 24 is an output circuit diagram of the seventh embodiment.

图25是带有用于调节输出电阻的附加晶体管的第七实施例的一输出电路图。Figure 25 is an output circuit diagram of a seventh embodiment with additional transistors for adjusting the output resistance.

图26是对应于第八实施例的时间图。Fig. 26 is a time chart corresponding to the eighth embodiment.

图27是对应于第九实施例的时间图。Fig. 27 is a time chart corresponding to the ninth embodiment.

图28是对应于第十实施例的电压脉冲的形状视图。Fig. 28 is a shape view of a voltage pulse corresponding to the tenth embodiment.

图29是对应于第十一实施例的带有脉冲长度调制的时间图。Fig. 29 is a timing chart with pulse length modulation corresponding to the eleventh embodiment.

实现本发明的最佳方式BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

该专利申请中所述的技术方案是可行的。由于该方法的这些变型相互具有良好的相关性，实现本发明的最佳方式是使用全部或接近全部的这些技术方案。The technical solution described in this patent application is feasible. Since these variants of the method correlate well with each other, the best way to implement the invention is to use all or nearly all of these technical solutions.

在适当的段落和对应的附图中给出了该方法的这些变型的结合应用的例子和这样实现的结果。Examples of combined applications of these variants of the method and the results of such implementations are given in the appropriate paragraphs and corresponding figures.

可行性feasibility

本发明可被用于生产计算机和电视工业中的视频监视器。The invention can be used to produce video monitors in the computer and television industries.

在图23中示出了可实现根据该方法的这些变型的驱动电压和时间图的显示器驱动装置。在常规方法的帮助下在逻辑单元LB_i中形成用于一特定行的时间图。该逻辑单元可包括触发器元件、移位寄存器和其他的电路且具有不同的设计。对于任何驱动方法(包括第七种方法，其对于不同通道具有不同的时间图)这些逻辑单元形成与特定图像模式无关的行时间图。A display driver that can implement the drive voltage and timing diagrams according to these variants of the method is shown in FIG. 23 . The timing map for a particular row is formed in logic unit LB _i with the aid of conventional methods. The logic unit may include flip-flop elements, shift registers and other circuits and have different designs. For any driving method (including the seventh method, which has different timing diagrams for different channels) these logic units form a row timing diagram independent of a particular image mode.

当使用该驱动方法的第七和第八变型时，在调谐阶段，在电压电平发生器中形成取决于通道数的这些电压电平。这种情况，电压电平的数量增大。When using the seventh and eighth variants of the driving method, during the tuning phase, these voltage levels are formed in the voltage level generator depending on the number of channels. In this case, the number of voltage levels increases.

在逻辑单元LB_j中生成用于一特定列电极的时间图。有关LB_i所述的内容对于LB_j保持真实不变。与LB_i相反，LB_j具有实现列驱动脉冲的脉冲长度调制的附加电路。为了根据第十控制方法对于两行寻址实现脉冲长度调制，逻辑单元LB_j可结合有附加的寄存器和执行与两当前选择的相邻行电极的象素相关的数据信号的相加和相减的求和电路，以及被设计用于确定补偿准基准电压的求和电路和寄存器。还可能使用其他的设计，其中在数据处理单元(该单元在图23中未示出)实现确定补偿脉冲的持续时间和数据信号的相加/相减，该数据处理单元的输出数据信号通过数据总线到单元3。The timing map for a particular column electrode is generated in logic unit LB _j . What has been said about LB _i holds true for LB _j . In contrast to LB _i , LB _j has additional circuitry to enable pulse length modulation of the column drive pulses. In order to implement pulse length modulation for two row addressing according to the tenth control method, the logic unit _LBj can incorporate additional registers and perform the addition and subtraction of the data signals associated with the pixels of the two currently selected adjacent row electrodes summing circuits, and summing circuits and registers designed to determine the compensated quasi-reference voltage. It is also possible to use other designs in which the determination of the duration of the compensation pulses and the addition/subtraction of the data signal are implemented in a data processing unit (this unit is not shown in Figure 23), the output data signal of which is passed through the data bus to unit 3.

根据第六种驱动方法，为使在不同时刻将电压脉冲施加给不同的信号电极，逻辑单元LB_j或一时钟脉冲发生器(该单元在图23中未示出)可结合有脉冲延迟元件或电路。According to the sixth driving method, in order to apply voltage pulses to different signal electrodes at different times, the logic unit LB _j or a clock pulse generator (this unit is not shown in FIG. 23 ) can be combined with a pulse delay element or circuit.

为使驱动脉冲具有阶梯式上升边(是实现第九种驱动方法所需要的)，电压发生器1提供附加的电压电平，这些附加的电压电平根据特定的时间图通过逻辑单元被转换。例如这些电压电平可在被提供给晶体管引线13和14(图24或图25)之前在电压转换器单元VCB_i(图23)中被转换。In order for the drive pulses to have a stepped rising edge (required for implementing the ninth drive method), the voltage generator 1 provides additional voltage levels which are switched by the logic unit according to a specific timing diagram. For example these voltage levels may be converted in voltage converter unit VCB _i ( FIG. 23 ) before being supplied to transistor leads 13 and 14 ( FIG. 24 or 25 ).

对于具有大于N_maxo的N_max的显示器，根据第十一种方法，在电压发生器1中形成并设定行和列电压电平。For displays with _Nmax greater than _Nmaxo , according to an eleventh method, the row and column voltage levels are formed and set in the voltage generator 1 .

根据第七实施例的装置的可行性在其描述中给出。The feasibility of the device according to the seventh embodiment is given in its description.

在本发明的这些变型中描述的根据时间图生成驱动电压的装置可使用驱动器电路或在显示器面板上被实现。The means for generating drive voltages according to the timing diagram described in these variations of the invention may be implemented using a driver circuit or on a display panel.

在“发明概述”中描述的方案的可行性起因于章节“理论背景”、适当的公式和数值估算。The feasibility of the scheme described in the "Summary of the Invention" results from the chapter "Theoretical Background", appropriate formulas and numerical estimates.

Claims

1, a kind of method that is used to drive a display, this display has a plate, this panel includes substrate, the array of one scan electrode is arranged in the substrate therein and the array of a signal electrode is arranged in another substrate, and the liquid crystal cells between the point of crossing of described electrode, described unit generates the display element of this display, and this method includes step:

Sequentially select scan electrode one by one or by the group, scanning voltage is applied to the scan electrode of selection, and with a reference voltage level (V ₀) be applied to unselected scan electrode;

During a selection cycle, will be by being not equal to and/or equaling said reference voltage level (V ₀) one or more fundamental voltage electricity impose on a signal electrode pulse of setting voltage, described level is set all nominal values of square voltage on a selected unit or a plurality of unit, so that obtain the currency of the brightness of the display element of a selection or the display element that a group is selected;

At a selection cycle (T _r) during, will have constant and equal duration (t _m/ 2), apart from reference voltage level (V ₀) the identical constant mould (V of skew _m), relative datum voltage level (V ₀) the first and second additional voltage levels of opposed polarity impose on signal electrode.

2, according to the process of claim 1 wherein after first voltage that applies one first polarity to signal electrode and applying before second voltage of one second polarity, at selection cycle (T _r) during, will have a constant duration (t ₀) and equal said reference voltage level (V ₀) the 3rd auxiliary voltage level (V ₀) impose on signal electrode.

3, according to the process of claim 1 wherein

The described first and second additional voltage levels are distributed to cycle (T _r) boundary member so that make first level be assigned to the cycle (T _r) a beginning part and second level is assigned to the cycle (T _r) a latter end;

At cycle (T _r) during, voltage level is imposed on signal electrode with forward order or reverse order; And

At follow-up cycle (T _r) during, according in period T _rBeginning and the described reference voltage level (V of the distance in the latter end ₀) the variation of polarity of variation, the alternating voltage level imposes on the described order of signal electrode, so that positive polarity is set at one-period (T _r) beginning part in and negative polarity is set at following one-period (T _r) beginning part in.

4, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the described first and second additional voltage levels are assigned to the cycle (T _r) boundary member so that first level is assigned to the cycle (T _r) a beginning part and second level is assigned to the cycle (T _r) a latter end;

At cycle (T _r) during, voltage level imposed on adjacent signal electrode or impose on to be positioned at away from the signal electrode of one or two electrodes or to impose on and have the another kind of signal electrode that activates sequence, so that distribute to cycle (T _r) beginning part and the level of latter end have apart from described reference voltage level (V ₀) the skew of opposite polarity.

5, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that described additional first and second voltage levels are assigned to the cycle (T _r) boundary member so that make first level be assigned to the cycle (T _r) a beginning part and second level is assigned to the cycle (T _r) a latter end;

At the cycle (T that selects same scan electrode or same cluster scan electrode _r) during in, wherein scanning voltage or scanning voltage group have with respect to said reference voltage level (V ₀) identical or opposite polarity, distribute to cycle (T by alternately being provided with _r) beginning and the signal voltage level of latter end and apart from reference voltage level (V ₀) the identical and reverse direction of skew, and the voltage (V of scan electrode of identical selection that the group of the scan electrode that imposes on described identical selection or described identical selection alternately is set _r), apart from said reference voltage level (V ₀) the identical and reverse direction of skew, alternation subsequent frame in the time cycle or in a frame time or in two frame times or according to time ratio other order apply signal voltage level give signal electrode described order.

6, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the described first and second additional voltage levels are assigned to the cycle (T _r) boundary member so that first level is assigned to the cycle (T _r) a beginning part and second level is assigned to the cycle (T _r) a latter end;

At cycle (T _r) during, voltage level is imposed on signal electrode with forward order or reverse order so that they impose on the order of signal electrode at follow-up cycle (T _r) in by alternation; And

The potential pulse that imposes on signal electrode resolved into the relevant group of a plurality of and different electrodes and at cycle (T _r) in relate to their these pulses of time superior displacement of nominal position so that for these pulses of a single group, the value of these shift times is identical, but these pulses for distinct group, the value of these shift times is different, and for certain one-period be constant, after the described time cycle finishes, at some or other values of shift time are set in all potential pulse groups or the potential pulse group of other set is formed the value that has the different shift time in the distinct group, and for next time cycle, other values of these shift times are set up constant, after it finishes, the described process that perhaps changes or the value of constant shift time is set is continued, and the zero mean deviation of each described additional levels apart from the duration of its nominal position is provided.

7, according to the method for claim 6, the mould of shift time that wherein imposes on the potential pulse of a group signal electrode is set at from zero to above-mentioned constant duration (t _mIn the scope of value/2).

8, according to the method for claim 6, wherein be held after the constant time cycle finishes in the potential pulse group's who imposes on signal electrode shift time value, up-to-date shift time value is set in this burst of pulses, each pulse has shift time value the earliest, previous shift time value is set in this burst of pulses, each pulse has next the shift time value after this shift time value the earliest, and these changes of shift time value are employed in other pulse trains until the shift time value that respectively has the earliest, are changed to the pulse train of up-to-date shift time value.

9, according to the method for claim 6, a potential pulse group who wherein has identical shift time is formed for a signal electrode group, so that each electrode and other electrodes keep away in this group.

10, according to the method for claim 1, wherein during this selection cycle, with the described first and second additional voltage levels be arranged to have apart from unit that signal electrode is connected on the substantially invariable skew of nominal value of all square voltage, described skew is caused along its shape distortion in the signal electrode communication process by potential pulse;

During a frame time cycle, provide the single or several additional time interval (t _c);

At some described single or several interval (t _c) during, with a bucking voltage (V _Com(i)) impose on each i scan electrode, begin with a certain electrode,

Or/and at other described single or several interval t _cDuring this time, with another bucking voltage (V _Com(j)) impose on each j scan electrode, begin described one and/or two voltage (V with another certain electrode _Com(i), V _Com(j)) have respectively specific to the value of each electrode or/and the duration and give to all square voltage on the unit of i scan electrode apart from the skew of its nominal value or/and all square voltage on the unit of j scan electrode apart from all or part of compensation of the skew of its nominal value, described skew is caused by its shape distortion in the signal voltage pulse edge signal electrode communication process, or/and caused by its shape distortion in the scanning voltage pulse edge scan electrode communication process respectively; And

At described interval (t _c) during, with reference voltage or surely reference voltage or an average accurate reference voltage or their combination impose on do not have described bucking voltage scanning or/and signal electrode.

11, according to the method for claim 1, the wherein said first and second additional voltage levels be configured to have apart from unit that signal electrode is connected on the substantially invariable skew of nominal value of all square voltage, described skew is caused along its shape distortion in the signal electrode communication process by potential pulse; And

During these selection cycles, additional bucking voltage is imposed on the scan electrode of selection, begin with a certain electrode, and on scanning voltage overlapping described bucking voltage, described bucking voltage has specific to the value of the scan electrode of selecting or/and duration and to all or part of compensation of all square voltage on the unit of the scan electrode selected according to the skew of its nominal value, and described skew is caused by its shape distortion in the signal voltage pulse edge signal electrode communication process.

12, according to the process of claim 1 wherein

All or part of self-compensating shape so that the parasitism of all square voltage on the unit that selection is provided changes forms potential pulse, and described variation is being caused along its anterior and afterbody distortion in the electrodes for display communication process by these pulses.

13, according to the method for claim 12, wherein the front portion of pulse is formed the stepwise shape or is similar to the shape of stepwise.

14, a kind of device that is used to drive a display, this display has a plate, this panel includes substrate, the array of one scan electrode is arranged in the substrate therein and the array of a signal electrode is arranged in another substrate, and the liquid crystal cells between the point of crossing of described electrode, described unit generates the display element of this display, and this display is driven by the method according to claim 1, and this device includes:

One voltage level generator (i.e. a power supply unit) and a collection of voltage impulse generator that is used for electrodes for display, each voltage impulse generator comprises a unit that is set to the timing voltage level of an output electrode, the output transistor unit that this output electrode is connected with unit with this output electrode, voltage level generator and this setting timing voltage level, this unit of setting the timing voltage level is connected with this voltage level generator, it is characterized in that:

This unit pack that is set to the timing voltage level of an output electrode contains the technique device of the auxiliary voltage level of the constant duration that regularly imposes on signal electrode; And

This output transistor unit is fixed so that the output resistance for different voltage levels of described unit has identical value, or the skew of value does not exceed 10%.

15, a kind of display, has a panel, this panel includes substrate, the array of one scan electrode is arranged in the substrate therein and the array of a signal electrode is arranged in another substrate, and the liquid crystal cells between the point of crossing of described electrode, described unit generates the display element of this display, it is characterized in that:

These display elements are caught to have more than or equal to digital N _Max0Display parameter N _MaxValue, N wherein _Max0Be to count N and N greatly _Max0The N that to be display correctly drive by voltage waveform according to the method for claim 1 _MaxMinimum value.