CN116384279B - Flood evolution process simulation method - Google Patents
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012804 iterative process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
- G06F2113/08—Fluids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
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- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/40—Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping
Abstract
The invention discloses a flood evolution process simulation method, which is used for rapidly obtaining the flood flow velocity and the flood flow under the same or similar rainfall situations according to a rainfall-flow velocity historical database and a weather forecast rainfall, and the flood simulation based on hydrodynamics needs to estimate the flows and the flow velocities in different directions in real time, so that the complexity of a model is obviously reduced; and meanwhile, the equal volume method is utilized to estimate the flood submerged range and depth on the river micro-unit, so that the data quantity participating in operation is reduced, and the time complexity of the algorithm is greatly reduced. The invention provides a flood evolution process simulation method suitable for a large river basin, which is used for estimating flood transit time, flooding range and depth; the problem that flood is not known when and where disaster is happened is solved, time early warning is provided for people escape and property transfer in advance, and life and property loss of people is reduced to the minimum; meanwhile, the flood depth data can serve disaster assessment, solves the problem of serious disaster damage everywhere, and provides data support for disaster prevention, disaster reduction and relief work of the government.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of information, in particular to a flood evolution process simulation method.
Background
Before flood disasters are formed, the rainfall data provided by weather forecast are combined, the dynamic process of flood evolution is simulated in advance, key disaster information such as flood peak transit time, flood range and flood depth is rapidly predicted, early warning is given out, and the method has important significance for scientific prevention and control and accurate disaster relief.
Although the market demand of flood process dynamic simulation algorithms and commercial software in the flood control and disaster relief field is huge in China and even worldwide, no available flood process simulation software exists in China at present, and the MIKE of the flood simulation software for foreign business has high price (44.84$/h), and a plurality of users are refused.
In addition, the existing flood simulation algorithm, such as SCS model, simulates the flood flow at the water outlet of the river basin by utilizing rainfall and soil infiltration rate and other data according to the determined boundary and water outlet of the river basin, and does not relate to dynamic information such as flood peak transit time, real-time inundation range, water depth and the like. Secondly, on the premise that the flood simulation based on the seed spreading algorithm aims at determining the height of the flood water level and on the basis of considering the connectivity of the terrain, estimating the final submerged area and the water depth of the flood, namely the final static submerged area and the corresponding water depth of the flood, wherein the model does not relate to the time concept, and the flow and the submerged process of the flood along with the time cannot be described.
Flood simulation based on a hydrodynamic model can simulate a flood evolution process with higher precision, including flow rates and flow velocities in different directions, but the model solving process is too complex. The model operation process is actually a process for solving the two-dimensional Save Vietnam equation set, and physical quantities such as single-width flow and average flow velocity in x and y directions are required to be calculated on each grid, so that the calculation cost is high. When the area of the river basin is increased, the time cost of the model operation is increased sharply, so that the model is more suitable for simulating the flood process in a small river basin or a small area, and the requirement of rapid simulation of the flood evolution process in a large river basin in flood control and disaster relief can not be met.
That is, the existing flood simulation algorithm only focuses on static results, or model parameters and algorithms are too complex, so that the calculation cost is high, and the use of the flood simulation algorithm in a large river basin is limited. Therefore, the algorithm with simple and effective design still has a need to be solved for rapidly simulating the flood dynamic evolution process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flood evolution process simulation method for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a flood evolution process simulation method comprises the following steps:
step one, acquiring digital elevation Data (DEM) of a river basin;
step two, extracting linear river channels and carrying out equidistant segmentation: extracting a linear river channel of a river basin by using an ArcGIS hydrologic analysis module and digital elevation data of the river basin, dividing the linear river channel into n linear river channel micro units with the length of L in an equidistant mode, and numbering from high to low to 1 to n;
step three, obtaining a planar river micro unit and corresponding digital elevation data thereof: taking each linear river micro-unit as a central line, simultaneously taking buffer areas with the width W at two sides, defining the corresponding range of the buffer areas as planar river micro-units, extracting the digital elevation data of the planar river micro-units, and assuming that grids in the planar river micro-units are possibly submerged when flood occurs; step four, obtaining approximate flow and flow velocity of each planar river micro unit: obtaining the flood flow and the flow rate of each hydrologic station when the flood peak passes through the border under the same or similar situation of the rainfall by searching a rainfall data of a rainfall-flow-rate historical database and a weather forecast, and obtaining the flood flow and the flow rate of each river micro-unit on the whole river by an interpolation method, thereby being used as the approximate flow and the approximate flow rate when the flood peak passes through the border of the flood to be generated;
and fifthly, carrying out flooding analysis on each planar river micro unit based on the local isovolumetric thought to obtain the time and range of each planar river micro unit to be flooded and the flood depth.
In the second step, a linear river channel is obtained through a hydrological analysis module and river basin digital elevation data in ArcGIS software, the river channel is divided into n linear river channel micro units with the length of L, and the number of the linear river channel micro units is 1 to n from high to low.
Further improvement, the fifth step specifically comprises the following steps:
5.1 obtaining a proper water surface elevation H by an iterative method i So that the flood volume and the water surface elevation of the ith planar river micro unit with the length L are H i The flood volumes in the river micro units are equal; f (H) i ) The flood volume and the water surface elevation of the river micro unit with the inflow length of L are H i Function between flood volumes in river course, f (H i ) =0 means that the volume of the inflowing flood is exactly equal to the water level H i Volume of flood in river course, f (H) i ) > 0 represents an inflow volume greater than the water level height H i Volume of flood in river course, f (H) i ) The calculation method of (a) is shown in the formulas (1) to (4):
f(H i )＝Q i ×t i -V i (1)
t i ＝L/v i (2)
H i ＝H il +k×Δh (4)
wherein: q (Q) i Is the flow, t i Time for flood to flow through ith river micro unit with length L, V i For the water surface elevation of H i Volume of flood in time course microcells, v i For flood flow rate, S is the area of each mesh in the digital elevation data and is a known constant, h ij An elevation h of the j-th submerged grid in the i-th river micro unit il For the lowest elevation of the submerged grid, k is a positive integer k=1, 2,3, …, Δh is a step size, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation, here preset to 10cm.
In the iterative process, k starts from 1 and increases 1 step at a time to obtain a new H i And f (H) i ) Up to f (H) i ) Stopping iteration when the number is equal to 0 or smaller than 0 for the first time; if f (H) i ) H at this time=0 i The final flood water surface elevation; if f (H) i ) < 0, taking H at this time i Δh/2 is the final flood level (H i )；
The water depth d of the j-th submerged grid in the i-th river micro unit ij The calculation method of (2) is shown in the formula (5):
d ij ＝H i -h ij (5)
wherein: h i For the flood level elevation obtained by an iterative algorithm, h ij The elevation of the j-th submerged grid in the i-th river micro unit;
time T for flood to reach ith river course micro-unit i The calculation method is obtained by summing the time of flood flowing through the 1 st to the i-1 st river micro units in sequence, and the calculation method is shown in a formula (6):
T i ＝t 1 +t 2 +t 3 +…+t i-1 (6)
wherein: t is t 1 、t 2 、t 3 … … and t i-1 The calculation method of the time for flood to flow through each river micro-unit is shown in the formula (2) for the time for flowing through the 1 st to i-1 st river micro-units respectively.
In the third step, buffer areas with the width W are respectively formed on two sides of each linear river micro-unit, the range of the buffer areas is defined as a planar river micro-unit, and then the planar river micro-unit is combined with the digital elevation data of the river basin to obtain the digital elevation data of each planar river micro-unit.
The method for obtaining the approximate flow and the approximate flow velocity of each river micro unit is further improved as follows:
collecting rainfall data in the past decades and flood flow and flow velocity data of each hydrologic observation station when a flood peak passes through the border, and establishing a rainfall-flow velocity historical database; the method comprises the steps of obtaining future rainfall data through weather forecast, obtaining the flood flow and the flow velocity of each hydrologic station when a flood peak passes through the border under the same or similar rainfall condition through searching a rainfall-flow velocity historical database, and obtaining the flood flow and the flow velocity of each river micro-unit on the whole river by interpolation, wherein the flood flow and the flow velocity are used as the approximate flow and the approximate flow velocity when the flood peak passes through the border of the flood to be generated.
Further improvement, L value is 100m, W value is 5km.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the approximate flow velocity and flow data when the flood peak of the flood to be generated in the future passes through the border can be obtained rapidly only according to the rainfall-flow velocity historical database and the rainfall of the weather forecast, and the flow and flow velocity in a plurality of directions need to be calculated in real time based on the flood simulation of the hydrodynamics, so that the complexity of the model is greatly reduced; meanwhile, when flood flows through the ith planar river micro unit with the length L, the flood flooding range and depth can be estimated on the planar river micro unit by using an equal volume method only according to the flow and flow velocity data of the flood in the river micro unit, instead of carrying out flooding analysis calculation on the whole river basin, so that the number of grids participating in operation is greatly reduced, and the algorithm time complexity is greatly reduced.
2. The flood progress simulation method suitable for the large river basin is provided, flood transit time, flooding range and flood depth are estimated, and the problems that an SCS model and a flood simulation algorithm based on seed propagation only can provide a final flooding range and lack a dynamic process and the flood simulation model based on hydrodynamics is complex and difficult to be suitable for the large river basin are solved. By providing the time and the inundation range information of flood passing, the problem that the flood is not known when and where to get disaster can be solved, time early warning is provided for people escape and property transfer in advance, and the life and property loss of people is reduced to the greatest extent; meanwhile, flood depth data can serve disaster assessment, solves the problem of serious disaster damage everywhere, and provides data support for disaster prevention, disaster reduction and relief work of governments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
(1) And (5) extracting and cutting the linear river channel.
Extracting a linear river channel of a river basin by using an ArcGIS hydrologic analysis module and digital elevation Data (DEM) of the river basin, dividing the linear river channel into n linear river channel micro units with the length of L in an equidistant mode, and numbering from high to low to 1 to n; the L value can be adjusted according to actual conditions and is preset to be 100m.
(2) River micro-unit flood inundation time, range and depth estimation based on equal volume method
The core idea of flood inundation analysis of river micro units based on the equal volume method is to obtain a proper water surface elevation H by an iterative method i So that the flood volume and the water surface elevation of the ith planar river micro unit with the length L are H i And the volumes of floodwater in the river micro units are equal. f (H) i ) The flood volume and the water surface elevation of the river micro unit with the inflow length of L are H i Function between flood volumes in river course, f (H i ) =0 means that the volume of the inflowing flood is exactly equal to the water level H i Volume of flood in river course, f (H) i ) The former is larger than the latter and the water level H still needs to be increased i Of (f), f (H) i ) The calculation method of (a) is shown in the formulas (1) to (4):
f(H i )＝Q i ×t i -V i (1)
t i ＝L/v i (2)
H i ＝H il +k×Δh (4)
wherein: q (Q) i Is the flow, t i Time for flood to flow through ith river micro unit with length L, V i For the water surface elevation of H i Volume of flood in time course microcells, v i For flood flow rate, S is the area of each mesh in the digital elevation data and is a known constant, h ij An elevation h of the j-th submerged grid in the i-th river micro unit il For the lowest elevation of the submerged grid, k is a positive integer (k=1, 2,3, …), Δh is a step size, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation, here preset to 10cm.
In the iterative process, k starts from 1 and increases 1 step at a time to obtain a new H i And f (H) i ) Up to f (H) i ) Stopping iteration when the number is equal to 0 or smaller than 0 for the first time; if f (H) i ) H at this time=0 i The final flood water surface elevation; if f (H) i ) < 0, taking H at this time i Δh/2 is the final flood level (H i )。
The water depth d of the j-th submerged grid in the i-th river micro unit ij The calculation method of (2) is shown in the formula (5):
d ij ＝H i -h ij (5)
wherein: h i For the flood level elevation obtained by an iterative algorithm, h ij Is the elevation of the j-th submerged grid in the i-th river micro-cell.
Time T for flood to reach ith river course micro-unit i Can be obtained by summing the times of flood water flowing through the 1 st to i-1 st river micro units in turnThe calculation method is shown in formula (6):
T i ＝t 1 +t 2 +t 3 +…+t i-1 (6)
wherein: t is t 1 、t 2 、t 3 … … and t i-1 The calculation method of the time for flood to flow through each river micro-unit is shown in the formula (2) for the time for flowing through the 1 st to i-1 st river micro-units respectively.
The flow and velocity of flood flowing through different river micro units are important input parameters of the model and are the basis of model operation. However, in a real situation, flow and velocity data of the flood which does not occur cannot be acquired in advance. It can be assumed that in the case where the accumulated rainfall is equal or close, the flow rate and the flow velocity of the flood are equal or close. Thus, rainfall data over the past several decades, as well as flood flow and flow rate data for each hydrographic observation station when the flood peak passes, can be collected, creating a rainfall-flow rate history database; and obtaining future rainfall data through weather forecast, and obtaining the flood flow and the flow velocity of each hydrological station when the flood peak passes the border under the same or similar rainfall situation by searching rainfall-flow-velocity historical data, and obtaining the flood flow and the flow velocity of each river micro-unit on the whole river channel through interpolation method, thereby being used as the approximate flow and the approximate flow velocity when the flood peak passes the border of the flood to be generated.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The flood evolution process simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, acquiring digital elevation data of a river basin;
step two, extracting linear river channels and carrying out equidistant segmentation: extracting a linear river channel of a river basin by using an ArcGIS hydrologic analysis module and digital elevation data of the river basin, dividing the linear river channel into n linear river channel micro units with the length of L in an equidistant mode, and numbering from high to low to 1 to n;
step three, obtaining a planar river micro unit and corresponding digital elevation data thereof: taking each linear river micro-unit as a central line, simultaneously taking buffer areas with the width W at two sides, defining the corresponding range of the buffer areas as planar river micro-units, extracting the digital elevation data of the planar river micro-units, and assuming that grids in the planar river micro-units are possibly submerged when flood occurs;
step four, obtaining approximate flow and flow velocity of each planar river micro unit: obtaining the flood flow and the flow rate of each hydrologic station when the flood peak passes through the border under the same or similar situation of the rainfall by searching a rainfall data of a rainfall-flow-rate historical database and a weather forecast, and obtaining the flood flow and the flow rate of each river micro-unit on the whole river by an interpolation method, thereby being used as the approximate flow and the approximate flow rate when the flood peak passes through the border to be generated;
carrying out flooding analysis on each planar river micro unit based on the local isovolumetric thought to obtain the time and range of each planar river micro unit to be flooded and the flood depth;
5.1 obtaining a proper water surface elevation H by an iterative method i So that the flood volume and the water surface elevation of the ith planar river micro unit with the length L are H i The flood volumes in the river micro units are equal; f (H) i ) The flood volume and the water surface elevation of the river micro unit with the inflow length of L are H i Function between flood volumes in river course, f (H i ) =0 means that the volume of the inflowing flood is exactly equal to the water level H i Volume of flood in river course, f (H) i ) > 0 represents an inflow volume greater than the water level height H i Volume of flood in river course, f (H) i ) The calculation method of (a) is shown in the formulas (1) to (4):
f(H i )＝Q i ×t i -V i (1)
t i ＝L/v i (2)
H i ＝H il +k×Δh (4)
wherein: q (Q) i Is the flow, t i Time for flood to flow through ith river micro unit with length L, V i For the water surface elevation of H i Volume of flood in time course microcells, v i For flood flow rate, S is the area of each mesh in the digital elevation data and is a known constant, h ij An elevation h of the j-th submerged grid in the i-th river micro unit il For the lowest elevation of the submerged grid, k is a positive integer, k=1, 2,3, …, and Δh is a step length, and the size of the submerged grid can be adjusted according to actual conditions and preset to be 10cm;
in the iterative process, k starts from 1 and increases 1 step at a time to obtain a new H i And f (H) i ) Up to f (H) i ) Stopping iteration when the number is equal to 0 or smaller than 0 for the first time; if f (H) i ) H at this time=0 i The final flood water surface elevation; if f (H) i ) < 0, taking H at this time i Δh/2 is the final flood level (H i )；
The water depth d of the j-th submerged grid in the i-th river micro unit ij The calculation method of (2) is shown in the formula (5):
d ij ＝H i -h ij (5)
wherein: h i For the flood level elevation obtained by an iterative algorithm, h ij The elevation of the j-th submerged grid in the i-th river micro unit;
time T for flood to reach ith river course micro-unit i The calculation method is obtained by summing the time of flood flowing through the 1 st to the i-1 st river micro units in sequence, and the calculation method is shown in a formula (6):
T i ＝t 1 +t 2 +t 3 +…+t i-1 (6)
wherein:t 1 、t 2 、t 3 … … and t i-1 The calculation method of the time for flood to flow through each river micro-unit is shown in the formula (2) for the time for flowing through the 1 st to i-1 st river micro-units respectively.
2. The flood evolutionary process simulation method of claim 1, wherein in the second step, a linear river channel is obtained through a hydrological analysis module and river basin digital elevation data in ArcGIS software, the river channel is divided into n linear river channel micro units with the length of L, and the number of the linear river channel micro units is 1 to n from high to low.
3. The method of simulating a flood evolutionary process according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, buffer areas with width W are respectively formed on two sides of each linear river micro-unit, the buffer area is defined as a planar river micro-unit, and the digital elevation data of each planar river micro-unit is obtained by combining the buffer area with the digital elevation data of the river basin.
4. The flood evolutionary process simulation method of claim 1, wherein the approximate flow rate and the approximate flow velocity of each river micro-unit are obtained by the following steps:
collecting rainfall data in the past decades and flood flow and flow velocity data of each hydrologic observation station when a flood peak passes through the border, and establishing a rainfall-flow velocity historical database; the method comprises the steps of obtaining future rainfall data through weather forecast, obtaining the flood flow and the flow velocity of each hydrologic station when a flood peak passes through the border under the same or similar rainfall condition through searching a rainfall-flow velocity historical database, and obtaining the flood flow and the flow velocity of each river micro-unit on the whole river by interpolation, wherein the flood flow and the flow velocity are used as the approximate flow and the approximate flow velocity when the flood peak passes through the border of the flood to be generated.
5. The flood evolutionary process simulation method of claim 1, wherein the L value is 100m and the w value is 5km.
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| Flood inundation modelling: A review of methods, recent advances and uncertainty analysis;J. Teng等;《Environmental Modelling & Software》;第90卷;正文第201-216页 * |
| 基于DEM的河道断面构造改进方法及洪水演进精度评估;张文婷等;《南水北调与水利科技》;第20卷(第03期);正文第563-572页 * |
| 基于GIS与SWMM耦合的城市暴雨洪水淹没分析;王慧亮等;《人民黄河》;第39卷(第08期);正文第31-43页 * |
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