CN116381200A - Test system and method for simulating reservoir bank slope under rainfall and earthquake coupling effect - Google Patents
Test system and method for simulating reservoir bank slope under rainfall and earthquake coupling effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test system and a method for simulating reservoir bank slopes under rainfall and earthquake coupling effects, wherein the test system comprises the following components: the vibration table bank slope model box is used for simulating a reservoir area, and a bank slope model and a reservoir water wave eliminating system are arranged in the vibration table bank slope model box; the water level control system is communicated with the vibration table bank slope model box and is used for pumping water in the vibration table bank slope model box to simulate the lifting of the water in the storage; and the bank slope rainfall simulation system is connected to the vibration table bank slope model box and is positioned above the bank slope model and used for simulating the working conditions of the real bank slope in different rainfall durations and rainfall intensities. The method is performed based on the test system. The invention can couple three factors of reservoir area water level change, rainfall intensity and duration and earthquake, further realizes reservoir bank slope stability test simulation, truly reproduces the deformation and damage condition of reservoir bank slopes formed by superposition of multiple disaster factors under natural conditions, and has the characteristics of multiple coupling factors, good effect and accurate test data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a test system and a test method for simulating reservoir bank slopes under the coupling effect of rainfall and earthquake.
Background
In reservoir, river course and bank protection engineering, the water level often will take place periodic fluctuation, and the surge is to the impact and the scouring effect of bank slope in addition, along with the lapse of time, and the continuous effect of environmental factor such as rainfall, earthquake, must influence reservoir bank slope stability, induce unstability and collapse of bank slope, cause building facilities such as house and highway bridge to damage, cause threat to the life and property safety of reservoir district resident and environmental safety, therefore, the development evolution of prediction reservoir bank slope deformation rule and stability of correct evaluation has important meaning.
However, only the evaluation and prediction method verified by the test can guide the actual engineering and effectively prevent and treat disasters, and in the field of geotechnical engineering, the vibration table model test in the physical model test is considered as the most ideal research means for searching the slope instability mechanism at present due to the advantages of larger test scale, real-time reappearance of the vibration damage phenomenon, strong operability and the like.
The model box is used as an important device in a vibration table model test, at present, the model box simulating a single disaster is rich, however, in most areas of China, particularly three gorges reservoir areas with more annual rainfall, the reservoir areas are just subjected to seasonal rainfall when the reservoir water level is in lifting change, and movable fracture structures are arranged in the dam area and surrounding rock mass of the reservoir basin, and the reservoir side slope is extremely easy to be instable and damaged when the reservoir side slope is subjected to earthquake attack, so that the influence of the combined action of reservoir water, rainfall and earthquake on the stability of the reservoir side slope cannot be ignored, in the stability research of the reservoir side slope, comprehensive analysis is carried out according to external influence factors, and the combined action of all factors is mainly considered, so that the stability condition of the side slope can be better evaluated.
However, the device for simulating the two or more factor coupling action induced disasters is very rare, and the device has great significance on disaster-causing mechanism research and earthquake-resistant disaster-reducing technology of composite disasters formed by superposition of multiple disaster factors under natural conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test system for simulating reservoir bank slopes under the coupling effect of rainfall and earthquake, which can couple three factors of reservoir area water level change, rainfall intensity and duration and earthquake, further realize the stability test simulation of reservoir bank slopes, truly reproduce the deformation and damage condition of reservoir bank slopes formed by superposition of multiple disaster factors under natural conditions, and has the characteristics of multiple coupling factors, good effect and accurate test data. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a test method for simulating the reservoir bank slope under the rainfall and earthquake coupling effect.
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme: a test system for simulating reservoir bank slope under rainfall and earthquake coupling action comprises: the vibration table bank slope model box is used for simulating a reservoir area, and a bank slope model and a reservoir water wave eliminating system are arranged in the vibration table bank slope model box; the water level control system is communicated with the vibration table bank slope model box and is used for pumping water in the vibration table bank slope model box to simulate the lifting of the water in the storage; and the bank slope rainfall simulation system is connected to the vibration table bank slope model box and is positioned above the bank slope model and used for simulating the working conditions of the real bank slope in different rainfall durations and rainfall intensities.
Based on the technical scheme, the bank slope model is arranged at one end of the inner part of the vibration table bank slope model box and is attached to the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box; wherein, the back side surface of the bank slope model and two side surfaces adjacent to the back side surface are attached to the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box; an energy absorption boundary plate is arranged in the area where the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box is attached to the back side surface; and a polyethylene material layer is arranged in the area where the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box is attached to the two side surfaces.
Based on the technical scheme, the bank slope model is placed at the bottom of one end of the inside of the vibration table bank slope model box, and an anti-slip layer is paved between the bank slope model and the bottom of the vibration table bank slope model box.
Based on the technical scheme, the anti-slip layer is a cement mortar layer, and the paving thickness of the cement mortar layer is 5-15 cm.
Based on the technical scheme, the water storage wave-dissipating system comprises a first wave-dissipating device and a second wave-dissipating device, and the bank slope model, the first wave-dissipating device and the second wave-dissipating device are sequentially arranged in a vibration table bank slope model box; the vibration table bank slope model box and the second wave dissipating device are respectively arranged on two opposite side walls in the vibration table bank slope model box, and the first wave dissipating device is arranged at the middle position of the vibration table bank slope model box; the first wave eliminating device is hinged to the middle part of the vibration table bank slope model box and can suspend in the water in the reservoir so as to realize wave elimination of the full section of the reservoir; the second wave eliminating device is connected to the inner side wall of the vibration table bank slope model box and is arranged towards the vibration table bank slope model box and used for realizing self-adaptive wave elimination from the water surface to the water depth of the bank when the bank water is fluctuated drastically.
Based on the technical scheme, the first wave dissipating device comprises a floating wave dissipating plate and two wave dissipating plate components flexibly connected with the floating wave dissipating plate, the lower ends of the two wave dissipating plate components are hinged with the inner bottom of the vibration table bank slope model box, and the floating wave dissipating plate and the two wave dissipating plate components can float in water to form a trapezoid arrangement.
Based on the technical scheme, the wave-dissipating plate assembly is formed by splicing a plurality of first porous wave-dissipating plates; every first porous unrestrained board that disappears all is provided with logical groove, and adjacent two first porous unrestrained board parts range upon range of and splice into the range upon range of structure through the connecting piece that runs through the groove that disappears, and adjacent two first porous unrestrained boards can realize relative dislocation in order to carry out the self-adaptation with the height of storehouse water level under connecting piece and logical groove restriction.
Based on above technical scheme, the unrestrained device of second includes a plurality of second porous unrestrained boards that disappears, and a plurality of second porous unrestrained boards that disappears set up in order along vibration platform bank slope model box direction of height, and every the second porous unrestrained board that disappears all is connected with vibration platform bank slope model box through the elastic component, the flexible direction level of elastic component is towards bank slope model in order to realize the unrestrained that disappears through the relative dislocation of a plurality of second porous unrestrained boards.
Based on the above technical scheme, the water level control system includes smooth first water storage device, first water pump, business turn over water regulation and control device that communicates, and business turn over water regulation and control device realizes the control of taking out of vibrating table bank slope model case through the model case outlet pipe and the model case water storage pipe with vibrating table bank slope model case intercommunication.
Based on the technical scheme, the bank slope rainfall simulation system comprises a second water storage device, a second water pump, a rainfall regulating device and a rainfall water outlet device which are sequentially communicated; the rainfall water outlet device is detachably connected to the vibrating table bank slope model box through a bracket; the rainfall water outlet device comprises a circulating pipeline which is communicated with the rainfall regulating device pipeline, and a plurality of spray heads are communicated below the circulating pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can simulate the influence of three environmental factors, namely reservoir water level change, rainfall and earthquake, on the stability of the side slope, and more truly reproduces the dynamic response and damage mechanism of the reservoir bank side slope under the superposition of multiple disaster factors under natural conditions, so that the test result is more reliable, and more reasonable technical support is provided for mountain disaster prevention and control technology.
2. The first wave eliminating device and the second wave eliminating device are arranged in the vibration table bank slope model box, wherein the height of the first wave eliminating device can be adjusted along with the height of the water level of the reservoir, the wave eliminating effect of the full section of the reservoir water is achieved, the second wave eliminating device can achieve interlayer dislocation through the elastic piece, the self-adaptive wave eliminating effect from the reservoir water surface to the depth of the reservoir water can be achieved when the reservoir water is fluctuated severely, the influence of the reservoir water wave on a test is reduced, and the test precision is improved.
3. The bank slope rainfall simulation system can realize the regulation function of rainfall duration and rainfall intensity, fully considers the time and space difference phenomenon of reservoir bank slope deformation under the rainfall effect, and truly simulates the influence of different rainfall durations and rainfall intensities on the stability of the bank slope.
4. The bank slope rainfall simulation system can realize the accurate regulation function of the water level lifting rate of the reservoir area, clarify the influence rules of the water level lifting rate of the reservoir area, the water level fluctuation and the deformation rate of the reservoir bank slope, provide references for the stability evaluation and the treatment of the reservoir bank slope, and have great significance to mountain disaster prevention and control technology and social safety.
The invention also discloses a test method for simulating the reservoir bank slope under the rainfall and earthquake coupling effect based on the test system for simulating the reservoir bank slope under the rainfall and earthquake coupling effect, which comprises the following steps:
s1, based on simulation test requirements, completing installation of a vibration table bank slope model box, a water level control system and a bank slope rainfall simulation system on a vibration table surface of a seismic simulation vibration table, and installing a water wave eliminating system in the vibration table bank slope model box;
s2, determining the material composition and the proportion of a bank slope model according to the geological conditions of the bank slope to be simulated, constructing the bank slope model, and installing a sensor in the bank slope model for acquiring dynamic response data of the bank slope model under the action of an earthquake;
s3, arranging an energy-absorbing boundary plate, a polyethylene material layer and an anti-skid layer in a corresponding area in the vibration table bank slope model box, and installing a bank slope model in the area after finishing;
s4, according to the simulated reservoir monitoring water level, proportionally discharging water to the vibration table bank slope model box through a water level control system to form reservoir water for test;
s5, starting a seismic simulation vibrating table to perform seismic simulation, so that the bank slope model is subjected to seismic action in the vibration excitation process of the vibrating table;
s6, according to the rainfall condition of the simulated bank slope, the rainfall is carried out to the area where the bank slope model is located through a bank slope rainfall simulation system according to the rainfall duration time and the rainfall intensity required by simulation;
and S7, collecting test data through a sensor, closing the earthquake simulation vibration table and the bank slope rainfall simulation system after data collection is completed, and extracting water in a reservoir to complete the test.
The test method for simulating reservoir bank slopes under the rainfall and earthquake coupling effect can couple the reservoir area water level change, rainfall intensity and duration and earthquake effect, truly reproduces the deformation damage condition of the reservoir bank slopes formed by superposition of multiple disaster factors under natural conditions, has accurate test result data, can provide accurate data reference for stability evaluation and treatment of the reservoir bank slopes, has great significance on disaster-causing mechanism research and earthquake-resistant disaster-reducing technology of composite disasters formed by superposition of multiple disaster factors under natural conditions, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test system for simulating reservoir bank slopes under rainfall and seismic coupling;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the test system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the test system shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first wave dissipating device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a first porous wave attenuating panel;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second wave dissipating device;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the circulation line;
the reference numerals in the figures are respectively expressed as:
1. vibrating a land slope model box; 2. a bank slope model; 3. a water storage wave-eliminating system; 4. a water level control system; 5. a bank slope rainfall simulation system; 6. an energy absorbing boundary plate; 7. an anti-slip layer; 8. a first wave dissipating device; 9. a second wave dissipating device; 10. a floating wave-eliminating plate; 11. a first porous wave-attenuating plate; 12. a through groove; 13. a connecting piece; 14. a second porous wave-attenuating plate; 15. an elastic member; 16. a first water storage device; 17. a first water pump; 18. a water inlet and outlet regulating device; 19. a model box water outlet pipe; 20. a model box water storage pipe; 21. a second water storage device; 22. a second water pump; 23. a rainfall regulating device; 24. a bracket; 25. a circulation line; 26. a spray head.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a test system for simulating a reservoir bank slope under rainfall and earthquake coupling, comprising: the vibration table bank slope model box 1 is used for simulating a reservoir area, and is internally provided with a bank slope model 2 and a reservoir water wave eliminating system 3; the water level control system 4 is communicated with the vibration table bank slope model box 1 and is used for pumping water in the vibration table bank slope model box 1 to simulate the lifting of the water in a warehouse; and a bank slope rainfall simulation system 5 connected to the vibration table bank slope model box 1 and located above the bank slope model 2, for simulating the working conditions of the real bank slope in different rainfall durations and rainfall intensities.
When the system is used, the whole test system or the vibration table bank slope model box 1 can be arranged on a table surface of an earthquake simulation vibration table, the bank slope model 2 and the bank water wave eliminating system 3 are arranged in the vibration table bank slope model box 1 in advance, water level can be monitored according to reservoirs tested as required, water is pumped through the water level control system 4 to ensure that the bank water quantity in the vibration table bank slope model box 1 meets the requirements, the earthquake simulation vibration table can be started, and then the earthquake simulation vibration table is excited according to the acceleration time course of actual earthquake waves or artificial synthetic earthquake waves, so that the whole test system or the vibration table bank slope model box 1 is subjected to earthquake action, meanwhile, the bank slope rainfall simulation system 5 is started to perform rainfall simulation, the simulation of the coupling action of three environmental factors of reservoir area water level change, rainfall and earthquake is realized, and further test data under the coupling action can be accurately acquired.
Based on the method, the test system can simulate the influence of three environmental factor coupling actions of reservoir water level change, rainfall and earthquake on the stability of the side slope, and more truly reproduces the dynamic response and the damage mechanism of the reservoir side slope under the superposition action of multiple disaster factors under natural conditions, so that the test result is more reliable, and more reasonable technical support can be provided for mountain disaster prevention and control technology.
The working conditions of the real bank slope under different rainfall durations and rainfall intensities are damage and change, such as cracking, split, landslide and the like, of the real bank slope simulated by the bank slope model 2 under the action of the different rainfall durations and rainfall intensities in the progressive damage process generated under the action of an earthquake.
As shown in fig. 2, the vibration table bank slope model box 1 is mainly used for simulating reservoir areas.
In particular applications, the vibrating table bank slope model box 1 may be configured as a square box structure to facilitate internal structural installation and seismic simulation. Specifically, the vibration table bank slope model box 1 can form a box structure by a bottom plate and frames surrounding the periphery above the bottom plate, and transparent plates can be installed between the frames to isolate and seal the whole box, so that a sealed box structure with an opening at the upper part is formed. Wherein, bottom plate and frame all can adopt metal material such as alloy steel to guarantee the stability of vibration platform bank slope model case 1 under the seismic action, and the transparent plate can then adopt organic glass, and then not only conveniently observe inside bank slope model 2 destruction process and storehouse water depth change, also can guarantee the intensity under the seismic action.
In order to further ensure the accuracy of the test, in this embodiment, the bank slope model 2 is disposed at one end inside the vibration table bank slope model box 1 and is attached to the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box 1; wherein, the back side surface of the bank slope model 2 and two side surfaces adjacent to the back side surface are attached to the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box 1; an energy absorption boundary plate 6 is arranged in the area where the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box 1 is attached to the back side surface; and a polyethylene material layer is arranged in the area where the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box 1 is attached to the two side surfaces.
Under the earthquake effect, in order to reduce the influence of the interaction force of the vibration table bank slope model box 1 and the bank slope model 2 on the test result of the bank slope model 2, the vibration wave in the vibration process can be absorbed by the energy absorption boundary plate 6, the influence of the two sides of the vibration table bank slope model box 1 on the friction force of the bank slope model 2 is reduced by the polyethylene material layer, further, the product error factor of the bank slope model 2 in the test process due to the influence of the vibration table bank slope model box 1 is avoided, and the test precision and the accuracy of the test result are improved.
The back side of the bank slope model 2 refers to the surface that is attached to the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box 1, and the side opposite to the back side of the bank slope model 2 is the bank slope surface of the bank slope model 2, i.e. the surface facing the water storage area and contacting the water storage area.
In order to ensure the stability of the bank slope model 2 under the earthquake action, the bank slope model 2 of the embodiment is placed at the bottom of one end of the inside of the vibration table bank slope model box 1, and an anti-slip layer 7 is paved between the bank slope model 2 and the bottom of the vibration table bank slope model box 1. And the anti-slip layer 7 is used for increasing the friction resistance on the contact surface of the anti-slip layer and the seismic wave so as to prevent the anti-slip layer and the seismic wave from sliding relatively when the seismic wave is excited.
In a specific embodiment, the anti-slip layer 7 is a cement mortar layer, and the paving thickness of the cement mortar layer is 5-15 cm. Specifically, the paving thickness of the cement mortar layer is 10cm.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the bank slope model 2 is mainly used for truly restoring the bank slope structure of the reservoir area.
In specific implementation, according to the geological conditions of the bank slope and the physical and mechanical performance parameters of the bank slope of the reservoir to be simulated, the method is similar to the bunkingham similarity theorem, orthogonal tests are designed, the similarity ratio and the similar materials of the bank slope of the reservoir are selected repeatedly, the common similar materials comprise paraffin oil, bentonite, barite powder, quartz sand and the like, the similar materials of the bank slope of the reservoir comprise a weak interlayer of the bank slope and a main stratum of the bank slope, and a reservoir bank slope scale model is prepared and poured according to the parameters to form the bank slope model 2.
It should be noted that, the design of the bank slope model 2 belongs to a relatively common scale model technology in the prior art, and the actual geological environment and parameters which are simulated according to the needs can be calculated, and the design can be realized by a person skilled in the art through the prior art, so that the specific preparation process of the bank slope model is not described any more.
In a specific application, the test system of the present embodiment further comprises a detection system, which comprises at least a sensor. The sensor is mainly used for acquiring dynamic response data of the bank slope model 2 in the progressive damage process under the action of earthquake.
When the method is implemented, the sensor at least comprises an accelerometer, a soil pressure box and a displacement meter, wherein the accelerometer, the soil pressure box and the displacement meter are all installed in the bank slope model 2, so that the damage speed, the pressure and the vibration change data of the bank slope model 2 in the progressive damage process of the earthquake action can be obtained, and a precise data source is provided for experiments.
As shown in fig. 3, the water wave eliminating system 3 is mainly used for relieving severe fluctuation of the water, reducing the influence of water waves generated by the water under the action of earthquake on the test, and guaranteeing the stability of the bank slope model 2.
When the system is specifically applied, the water storage wave eliminating system 3 comprises a first wave eliminating device 8 and a second wave eliminating device 9, and the bank slope model 2, the first wave eliminating device 8 and the second wave eliminating device 9 are sequentially arranged in the vibration table bank slope model box 1.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the first wave dissipating device 8 is hinged to the middle part of the vibration table bank slope model box 1 and can be suspended in the water in the reservoir so as to dissipate waves of the full section of the reservoir.
In specific implementation, the first wave dissipating device 8 includes a floating wave dissipating plate 10 and two wave dissipating plate components flexibly connected to the floating wave dissipating plate 10, the lower ends of the two wave dissipating plate components are hinged to the inner bottom of the vibration table bank slope model box 1, and the floating wave dissipating plate 10 and the two wave dissipating plate components can float in the water to form a trapezoid arrangement.
In the use, when carrying out the earthquake simulation, the unrestrained board 10 of floating and two unrestrained board subassemblies all suspend in the storehouse aquatic to float in the storehouse aquatic and form trapezoidal arrangement, the unrestrained board 10 of floating is located two unrestrained board subassemblies middle part top of floating, and it is suspended in storehouse aquatic top or at least partly is located the storehouse aquatic top for cut off the unrestrained effect of water of its both sides, and two unrestrained board subassemblies correspond respectively the storehouse aquatic of both sides, and be located the surface of water below, and then not only can offset and reduce the impact of both sides storehouse water, reduce the unrestrained formation of water and scale, play supplementary unrestrained purpose of eliminating.
In particular embodiments, flexible connection may be achieved between the floating wave-attenuating panel 10 and the two wave-attenuating panel assemblies via connecting ropes.
In specific implementation, the wave-dissipating plate assembly is formed by splicing a plurality of first porous wave-dissipating plates 11; each first porous wave-dissipating plate 11 is provided with a through groove 12, two adjacent first porous wave-dissipating plates 11 are partially stacked and spliced into a stacked structure through a connecting piece 13 penetrating through the grooves 12, and the two adjacent first porous wave-dissipating plates 11 can realize relative dislocation under the limitation of the connecting piece 13 and the through grooves 12 so as to carry out self-adaptive adjustment along with the height of the water level of the reservoir.
When the wave-dissipating device is used, the first porous wave-dissipating plates 11 are all provided with through grooves 12, the through grooves 12 are in a vertical state after being installed, when the first porous wave-dissipating plates 11 are suspended under the action of reservoir water after being installed, the first porous wave-dissipating plates can move up and down along the through grooves 12 and move by a certain distance under the limit of the connecting piece 13, so that certain change is carried out in the height direction after any two first porous wave-dissipating plates 11 move, the height of the whole wave-dissipating plate assembly can be changed according to the height of the reservoir water and further be adaptively adjusted, the wave-dissipating effect of the full section of the reservoir water is realized by combining the first porous wave-dissipating plates 11, the severe fluctuation of the reservoir water is relieved, and the stability of the bank slope of the reservoir is ensured.
In specific implementation, each first porous wave-dissipating plate 11 is provided with two through grooves 12, and the two through grooves 12 are respectively positioned at two ends of the first porous wave-dissipating plate 11 and used for balancing the partition direction and the partition angle of the first porous wave-dissipating plate in the water in the warehouse, so that the partition effect of the first porous wave-dissipating plates 11 is ensured.
In particular, the connector 13 is a bolt and nut assembly that extends through the slot 12.
As shown in fig. 6, the second wave dissipating device 9 is connected to the inner side wall of the vibration table bank slope model box 1 and is arranged towards the vibration table bank slope model box 1, so as to realize self-adapting wave dissipating from the water surface to the water depth of the reservoir when the reservoir water is fluctuated severely.
When the device is specifically applied, the second wave dissipating device 9 comprises a plurality of second porous wave dissipating plates 14, the second porous wave dissipating plates 14 are sequentially arranged along the height direction of the vibration table bank slope model box 1, each second porous wave dissipating plate 14 is connected with the vibration table bank slope model box 1 through an elastic piece 15, and the expansion direction of the elastic piece 15 horizontally faces the bank slope model 2 so as to realize wave dissipating through relative dislocation of the second porous wave dissipating plates 14.
When in use, the second wave-dissipating device 9 is wholly positioned in the water in the warehouse and positioned below the water surface of the warehouse or partially positioned above the water surface of the warehouse, when earthquake simulation is carried out, the warehouse is fluctuated and then impacts the second wave-dissipating device 9, and then under the action of the elastic piece 15, the elastic piece 15 stretches under the action of impact force, and then drives the second porous wave-dissipating plate 14 to adaptively move, and then under the action of different depths and no impact force, the second porous wave-dissipating plates 14 can move in different degrees in the horizontal direction of the expansion and contraction direction of the elastic piece 15, so that the relative dislocation of the second porous wave-dissipating plates 14 is realized, the self-adaptive wave-dissipating effect from the reservoir water surface to the reservoir water depth is realized by utilizing the change of the relative dislocation of the second porous wave-dissipating plates 14, the severe fluctuation of the reservoir water is relieved, and the stability of the bank slope of the reservoir is further ensured.
In particular, the elastic element 15 is a telescopic spring. Specifically, each second porous wave-dissipating plate 14 is provided with a plurality of elastic members 15, and the plurality of elastic members 15 are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the second porous wave-dissipating plate 14.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the water level control system 4 is mainly used for pumping water in the vibration table bank slope model box 1 to simulate the lifting of the water in the storage.
In specific application, the water level control system 4 comprises a first water storage device 16, a first water pump 17 and a water inlet and outlet regulating device 18 which are smoothly communicated, and the water inlet and outlet regulating device 18 realizes water pumping and discharging control of the vibration table bank slope model box 1 through a model box water outlet pipe 19 and a model box water storage pipe 20 which are communicated with the vibration table bank slope model box 1, and can realize reservoir water level change simulation.
When the vibration table bank slope model box 1 needs to be pumped and discharged, the water inlet and outlet regulating device 18 can control the water outlet pipe 19 of the model box to discharge the water in the vibration table bank slope model box 1 according to the requirement, so as to reduce the water level of the water in the water tank or completely discharge the water in the water tank, or control the water outlet pipe 20 of the model box to discharge the water in the vibration table bank slope model box 1, so as to store the water in the water tank and further increase the water level of the water tank, and the first water pump 17 can work when the water inlet and outlet regulating device 18 is required, so that the water stored in the first water storage device 16 is pumped into the water storage pipe 20 of the model box or the water pumped out from the water outlet pipe 19 of the model box is pumped into the first water storage device 16, thereby realizing the cyclic use of the water in the water tank, and further realizing the water level change of the water tank in the vibration table bank slope model box 1.
In a specific implementation, the water inlet and outlet regulating device 18 can adopt an electric three-way valve to regulate water inlet and outlet, the model box water outlet pipe 19 and the model box water storage pipe 20 can be communicated with two side bypass pipelines of the electric three-way valve, and the first water pump 17 can be communicated with a main pipeline of the electric three-way valve through a pipeline.
In a specific implementation, the model box water storage pipe 20 can extend into the vibrating table bank slope model box 1 from the top of the vibrating table bank slope model box 1 to store water, and the model box water outlet pipe 19 can be communicated with the bottom of the vibrating table bank slope model box 1 to pump water.
It should be noted that, when in use, the first water storage device 16, the first water pump 17, and the water inlet and outlet adjusting device 18 may be installed on the surface of the earthquake simulation vibration table, or may be installed outside the earthquake simulation vibration table, so as to reduce the influence of vibration on the use thereof.
With continued reference to fig. 2 and 7, the bank slope rainfall simulation system 5 is connected to the vibration table bank slope model box 1 and located above the bank slope model 2, and is used for simulating the working conditions of the real bank slope under different rainfall durations and rainfall intensities.
In specific application, the bank slope rainfall simulation system 5 comprises a second water storage device 21, a second water pump 22, a rainfall regulating device 23 and a rainfall water outlet device which are sequentially communicated; wherein, the rainfall water outlet device is detachably connected to the vibrating table bank slope model box 1 through a bracket 24; the rainfall water outlet device comprises a circulating pipeline 25 which is in pipeline communication with the rainfall regulating device 23, and a plurality of spray heads 26 are communicated below the circulating pipeline 25.
When the device is used, when raining on a bank slope is required to be simulated, the second water pump 22 and the rainfall regulating and controlling device 23 can be started, water in the second water storage device 21 is pumped through the second water pump 22, the flow and the flow speed of the water are controlled through the rainfall regulating and controlling device 23, and finally the water is discharged through the rainfall water outlet device to form rainfall.
In practice, the circulation line 25 is composed of an annular pipe and a plurality of uniformly distributed branch pipes connected to the annular pipe, and the plurality of spray heads 26 can be uniformly distributed on the annular pipe and the branch pipes.
In specific implementation, the rainfall regulating device 23 can control the flow rate or flow rate of water in the device by adopting an electric valve, an electromagnetic valve and the like, so that the rainfall intensity or rainfall can be controlled by controlling the flow rate or flow rate, and the rainfall duration can be controlled by controlling the opening and closing time of the rainfall regulating device 23, so that the regulating function of the rainfall duration and the rainfall intensity can be realized.
It should be noted that, when in use, the second water storage device 21, the second water pump 22 and the rainfall regulating device 23 can be installed on the surface of the earthquake simulation vibration table, and also can be installed outside the earthquake simulation vibration table, so as to reduce the influence of vibration on the use of the earthquake simulation vibration table.
The above is the whole content of a test system for simulating the reservoir bank under the rainfall and earthquake coupling effect, and in order to better understand and implement the test system, the second embodiment of the invention also provides a test method for simulating the reservoir bank under the rainfall and earthquake coupling effect based on the test system for simulating the reservoir bank under the rainfall and earthquake coupling effect, which comprises the following steps:
s1, based on simulation test requirements, the vibration table bank slope model box 1, the water level control system 4 and the bank slope rainfall simulation system 5 are installed on the surface of a seismic simulation vibration table, and the bank water wave eliminating system 3 is installed in the vibration table bank slope model box 1;
s2, determining the material composition and the proportion of a bank slope model 2 according to the geological conditions of the bank slope to be simulated, constructing the bank slope model 2, and installing a sensor in the bank slope model 2 for acquiring dynamic response data of the bank slope model 2 under the action of an earthquake;
s3, arranging an energy-absorbing boundary plate 6, a polyethylene material layer and an anti-skid layer in a corresponding area in the vibration table bank slope model box 1, and installing a bank slope model 2 in the area after finishing;
s4, according to the simulated reservoir monitoring water level, proportionally discharging water to the vibration table bank slope model box 1 through the water level control system 4 to form reservoir water for test;
s5, starting a seismic simulation vibrating table to perform seismic simulation, so that the bank slope model 2 is subjected to seismic action in the vibration excitation process of the vibrating table;
s6, according to the rainfall condition of the simulated bank slope, the rainfall is carried out to the area where the bank slope model 2 is located through a bank slope rainfall simulation system 5 according to the rainfall duration time and the rainfall intensity required by simulation;
and S7, collecting test data through a sensor, closing the earthquake simulation vibration table and the bank slope rainfall simulation system 5 after data collection is completed, and extracting reservoir water to complete the test.
The test method for simulating reservoir bank slopes under the rainfall and earthquake coupling effect can couple the reservoir area water level change, rainfall intensity and duration and earthquake effect, truly reproduces the deformation damage condition of the reservoir bank slopes formed by superposition of multiple disaster factors under natural conditions, has accurate test result data, can provide accurate data reference for stability evaluation and treatment of the reservoir bank slopes, has great significance on disaster-causing mechanism research and earthquake-resistant disaster-reducing technology of composite disasters formed by superposition of multiple disaster factors under natural conditions, and has wide application prospect.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. Test system of simulation reservoir bank slope under rainfall and earthquake coupling effect, its characterized in that includes:
the vibration table bank slope model box is used for simulating a reservoir area, and a bank slope model and a reservoir water wave eliminating system are arranged in the vibration table bank slope model box;
the water level control system is communicated with the vibration table bank slope model box and is used for pumping water in the vibration table bank slope model box to simulate the lifting of the water in the storage; the method comprises the steps of,
and the bank slope rainfall simulation system is connected to the vibration table bank slope model box and is positioned above the bank slope model and used for simulating the working conditions of the real bank slope in different rainfall durations and rainfall intensities.
2. The test system of claim 1, wherein the bank slope model is disposed at one end of an interior of the vibratory table bank slope model box and is attached to an interior wall of the vibratory table bank slope model box;
wherein,,
the back side surface of the bank slope model and two side surfaces adjacent to the back side surface are attached to the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box;
an energy absorption boundary plate is arranged in the area where the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box is attached to the back side surface;
and a polyethylene material layer is arranged in the area where the inner wall of the vibration table bank slope model box is attached to the two side surfaces.
3. The test system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bank slope model is placed at the bottom of one end inside the vibrating table bank slope model box, and an anti-slip layer is laid between the bank slope model and the bottom of the vibrating table bank slope model box.
4. The test system of claim 1, wherein the reservoir water wave dissipating system comprises a first wave dissipating device and a second wave dissipating device, the bank slope model, the first wave dissipating device and the second wave dissipating device being sequentially disposed within a vibrating table bank slope model box;
wherein,,
the vibration table bank slope model box and the second wave dissipating device are respectively arranged on two opposite side walls in the vibration table bank slope model box, and the first wave dissipating device is arranged at the middle part of the vibration table bank slope model box;
the first wave eliminating device is hinged to the middle part of the vibration table bank slope model box and can suspend in the water in the reservoir so as to realize wave elimination of the full section of the reservoir;
the second wave eliminating device is connected to the inner side wall of the vibration table bank slope model box and is arranged towards the vibration table bank slope model box and used for realizing self-adaptive wave elimination from the water surface to the water depth of the bank when the bank water is fluctuated drastically.
5. The test system of claim 4, wherein the first wave dissipating device comprises a floating wave dissipating plate and two wave dissipating plate assemblies flexibly connected with the floating wave dissipating plate, lower ends of the two wave dissipating plate assemblies are hinged with the bottom of the vibration table bank slope model box, and the floating wave dissipating plate and the two wave dissipating plate assemblies can float in the water in a trapezoid arrangement.
6. The test system of claim 5, wherein the wave breaker assembly is formed from a plurality of first porous wave breaker plates;
every first porous unrestrained board that disappears all is provided with logical groove, and adjacent two first porous unrestrained board parts range upon range of and splice into the range upon range of structure through the connecting piece that runs through the groove that disappears, and adjacent two first porous unrestrained boards can realize relative dislocation in order to carry out the self-adaptation with the height of storehouse water level under connecting piece and logical groove restriction.
7. The test system of claim 4, wherein the second wave dissipating device comprises a plurality of second porous wave dissipating plates, the plurality of second porous wave dissipating plates are sequentially arranged along the height direction of the vibration table bank slope model box, each of the second porous wave dissipating plates is connected with the vibration table bank slope model box through an elastic member, and the expansion direction of the elastic member horizontally faces the bank slope model to dissipate waves through relative dislocation of the plurality of second porous wave dissipating plates.
8. The test system of claim 1, wherein the water level control system comprises a first water storage device, a first water pump and a water inlet and outlet regulating device which are communicated smoothly, and the water inlet and outlet regulating device realizes water pumping control of the vibration table bank slope model box through a model box water outlet pipe and a model box water storage pipe which are communicated with the vibration table bank slope model box.
9. The test system of claim 1, wherein the bank slope rainfall simulation system comprises a second water storage device, a second water pump, a rainfall regulating device and a rainfall outflow device which are sequentially communicated;
wherein,,
the rainfall water outlet device is detachably connected to the vibration table bank slope model box through a bracket;
the rainfall water outlet device comprises a circulating pipeline which is communicated with the rainfall regulating device pipeline, and a plurality of spray heads are communicated below the circulating pipeline.
10. The test method for simulating reservoir bank slope under rainfall and earthquake coupling effect is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, based on simulation test requirements, completing installation of a vibration table bank slope model box, a water level control system and a bank slope rainfall simulation system on a vibration table surface of a seismic simulation vibration table, and installing a water wave eliminating system in the vibration table bank slope model box;
s2, determining the material composition and the proportion of a bank slope model according to the geological conditions of the bank slope to be simulated, constructing the bank slope model, and installing a sensor in the bank slope model for acquiring dynamic response data of the bank slope model under the action of an earthquake;
s3, arranging an energy-absorbing boundary plate, a polyethylene material layer and an anti-skid layer in a corresponding area in the vibration table bank slope model box, and installing a bank slope model in the area after finishing;
s4, according to the simulated reservoir monitoring water level, proportionally discharging water to the vibration table bank slope model box through a water level control system to form reservoir water for test;
s5, starting a seismic simulation vibrating table to perform seismic simulation, so that the bank slope model is subjected to seismic action in the vibration excitation process of the vibrating table;
s6, according to the rainfall condition of the simulated bank slope, the rainfall is carried out to the area where the bank slope model is located through a bank slope rainfall simulation system according to the rainfall duration time and the rainfall intensity required by simulation;
and S7, collecting test data through a sensor, closing the earthquake simulation vibration table and the bank slope rainfall simulation system after data collection is completed, and extracting water in a reservoir to complete the test.
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