CN116358804A - Sodium leakage simulation device and method for sodium loop - Google Patents

Sodium leakage simulation device and method for sodium loop Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116358804A
CN116358804A CN202310193625.3A CN202310193625A CN116358804A CN 116358804 A CN116358804 A CN 116358804A CN 202310193625 A CN202310193625 A CN 202310193625A CN 116358804 A CN116358804 A CN 116358804A
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China
Prior art keywords
sodium
loop
leakage
circuit
simulation section
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Inventor
杜海鸥
石文涛
王荣东
王国芝
申凤阳
朴君
常一狄
姚泽文
韩新梅
徐永兴
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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Priority to CN202310193625.3A priority Critical patent/CN116358804A/en
Publication of CN116358804A publication Critical patent/CN116358804A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
    • G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
    • G01M3/2807—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/001—Mechanical simulators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/02—Devices or arrangements for monitoring coolant or moderator
    • G21C17/04—Detecting burst slugs
    • G21C17/041—Detecting burst slugs characterised by systems for checking the coolant channels, e.g. matrix systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a sodium leakage simulation device for a sodium loop. The device comprises: the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section is prefabricated with a break, and the break is sealed and welded by a preset alloy material; the sodium storage container is connected with the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section to form a sodium loop; the sodium driver is arranged in the sodium loop and used for driving sodium in the sodium storage container to circulate in the sodium loop; the sodium driver is a sodium electromagnetic pump or a sodium mechanical pump; the heating part is arranged on the sodium storage container and the sodium loop and is used for heating sodium; the sodium flow monitor is arranged at the upstream and downstream of the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section and is used for monitoring the sodium flow change before and after the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section; wherein the sodium tubing leakage simulation section is configured to: when the heating part heats the sodium loop to the test temperature, the welding seal of the alloy material fails to simulate sodium leakage when the sodium loop is broken. In addition, the embodiment of the invention also discloses a simulation method of sodium leakage of the sodium loop.

Description

Sodium leakage simulation device and method for sodium loop
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of reactor sodium coolant leakage, in particular to a sodium loop sodium leakage simulation device and method.
Background
Fast neutron reactors have metallic sodium as the primary coolant, which circulates primarily in the core primary vessel and the two-circuit cooling system, where the sodium always flows in liquid form in the piping and equipment. When the sodium pipeline or sodium equipment is damaged, high-temperature sodium leaks into the air from the closed loop to react with oxygen to generate sodium fire accidents, the temperature and pressure of the space in the sodium process room can be rapidly increased, and the safety of the reactor is seriously threatened. Meanwhile, sodium aerosols generated by sodium fire accidents may cause serious pollution to the environment.
To analyze a sodium fire incident, a number of sodium fire tests are required to provide data. At present, the simulation of sodium leakage adopts the tail end of a pipeline as a free end, and liquid sodium is controlled to be sprayed out from the free end, so that sodium fire is formed for experimental study. However, the test of sodium injection at the free end can only simply simulate the sodium leakage condition under partial working conditions of double-end fracture, and cannot truly simulate the working conditions of sodium leakage caused by pipeline fracture when a sodium loop operates.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to provide an apparatus and a method for simulating sodium leakage in a sodium circuit that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a sodium circuit sodium leak simulator is provided. The device comprises: the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section is prefabricated with a break, and the break is sealed and welded by a preset alloy material; the sodium storage container is connected with the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section to form a sodium loop, and sodium is stored in the sodium storage container and used for providing sodium for the sodium loop; the sodium driver is arranged in the sodium loop and used for driving sodium in the sodium storage container to circulate in the sodium loop; the heating part is arranged in the sodium storage container and the sodium loop and is used for heating sodium in the sodium storage container and the sodium loop; the sodium flow monitor is arranged at the upstream and downstream of the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section and is used for monitoring the change of sodium flow before and after the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section; wherein the sodium tubing leakage simulation section is configured to: when the heating part heats the sodium loop to the test temperature, the welding seal of the alloy material fails to simulate sodium leakage when the sodium loop is broken.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of simulating sodium leakage from a sodium circuit is provided. The method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a break on the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section, and sealing and welding the break by using a preset alloy material; connecting the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section with a sodium storage container to form a sodium loop; after preheating a sodium storage container and a sodium loop to an initial temperature, driving sodium stored in the sodium storage container to circularly flow in the sodium loop; monitoring the change of sodium flow before and after the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section in real time; and heating the sodium loop to a test temperature, and when the temperature and the pressure of the sodium loop reach the test temperature, sealing the alloy material on the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section fails, and sodium leaks from the break to simulate sodium leakage when the sodium loop is broken.
By adopting the simulation device and the simulation method in the embodiment of the invention, the working condition of sodium leakage after the sodium pipeline is broken in the operation of the sodium loop can be truly simulated through the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section, and more real research data of sodium leakage and sodium fire accidents in the operation process of the sodium loop can be obtained.
Drawings
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present invention, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, and may assist in a comprehensive understanding of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sodium circuit sodium leak simulator according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sodium circuit sodium leak simulator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
It should be noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale, but are merely shown in a schematic manner that does not affect the reader's understanding.
Detailed Description
For the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are one embodiment of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without the benefit of the present disclosure, are intended to be within the scope of the present application based on the described embodiments.
It is to be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein should be taken in a general sense as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. If "and/or" is present throughout, it is meant to include three side-by-side schemes, for example, "A and/or B" including the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the scheme where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, for ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "above," "below," "top," "bottom," and the like, may be used herein merely to describe the spatial positional relationship of one device or feature to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures, and should be understood to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
The analysis of sodium fire accidents is generally evaluated by combining software analysis and sodium fire test, and the establishment of a model in the development of sodium fire analysis software depends on the sodium fire test to provide data support. In the current sodium fire test research, a free end sodium injection test is mostly adopted for simulation research, and the sodium leakage sodium flow condition under partial working conditions of double-end fracture can be simply simulated, so that the working condition of sodium leakage caused by pipeline fracture during the operation of a sodium loop can not be truly simulated. In addition, in some experimental researches, the principle that the properties of liquid water are similar to those of liquid sodium is adopted, the fluid characteristics of sodium leakage are predicted by measuring the fluid characteristics of water leakage, and sodium leakage research is carried out by fitting sodium combustion, so that a certain difference exists between the sodium leakage and the combustion process when sodium leaks into air.
In order to more accurately simulate the sodium fire accident occurrence process of sodium leakage, and obtain more real research data of the sodium fire accident occurrence process of sodium leakage in the sodium loop operation process, the embodiment of the invention provides a sodium loop sodium leakage simulation device.
Fig. 1 shows a sodium circuit sodium leak simulator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the simulation apparatus includes a sodium tubing leak simulation section 10, a sodium storage container 20, a heating section (not shown), a sodium flow monitor 30, and a sodium driver 50.
Wherein, the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 is prefabricated with a break, and the break is sealed and welded by a preset alloy material. The sodium storage container 20 is connected with the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 to form a sodium loop, and sodium is stored in the sodium storage container 20 and is used for providing sodium needed by a test for the sodium loop. The sodium driver 50 is disposed in the sodium circuit for driving sodium in the sodium storage container 20 to circulate in the sodium circuit, wherein the sodium driver 50 includes a sodium electromagnetic pump or a sodium mechanical pump. The heating unit is provided in the sodium storage container 20 and the sodium circuit, and is used for heating sodium in the sodium storage container 20 and in the sodium circuit. Sodium flow monitors 30, which are disposed upstream and downstream of the sodium pipe leakage simulation section 10, are used to monitor the change of sodium flow before and after the sodium pipe leakage simulation section 10, thereby monitoring the flow of sodium leakage at the sodium pipe leakage simulation section 10.
In the present embodiment, the sodium tubing leakage simulation section 10 is arranged to: when the heating part heats the sodium loop to the test temperature, the welding seal of the alloy material fails to simulate sodium leakage when the sodium loop is broken. Specifically, when the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 reaches the test temperature, the alloy material on the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 fails in sealing, so that the prefabricated break is broken, and the working condition that sodium leakage is caused by sudden breakage of the sodium pipeline under the operation state of the sodium loop is simulated. The alloy material is an alloy that can be melted or corroded at the test temperature to cause the seal failure, and the specific type of the alloy material is not limited in this embodiment.
By adopting the simulation device in the embodiment of the invention, the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 is utilized to simulate the working condition of sodium leakage after the sodium pipeline is broken when the sodium loop is operated, and the sodium flow rate change before and after the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 is monitored and recorded by the sodium flow rate monitor 30 arranged before and after the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10, so that the sodium leakage flow rate when the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 is broken is obtained by calculation, the simulation test of sodium leakage is realized, corresponding data is obtained, and the real and feasible data support is provided for the test research of sodium loop leakage.
In this embodiment, the sodium tubing leakage simulation segment 10 is connected to the sodium storage container 20 via a sodium tubing 11 to form a sodium circuit. In addition, different sodium tubing leak simulation segments 10 may be connected in the sodium circuit to perform different sodium leak simulation tests. The pipe diameter of the sodium pipe leakage simulation section 10 in this embodiment is identical to the pipe diameter of the sodium pipe 11.
In some embodiments, a break of predetermined shape and size may be prefabricated in the sodium tubing leakage analog segment 10 and welded shut with a tailored alloy material. The shape and the size of the break can be set according to the shape and the size required by the pipeline break in the sodium fire accident analysis.
In addition, the break openings with different shapes or different sizes can be manufactured on the plurality of sodium pipeline leakage simulation sections 10 and are connected with the sodium storage container 20 to form a sodium loop, so that the influence of the shape and the size of the break opening on sodium leakage can be studied, the sodium leakage working conditions of the sodium pipeline under the break opening conditions with different shapes and different sizes can be simulated when the sodium cooling fast reactor sodium loop operates, and the flow change data of the sodium leakage under the break opening conditions with different shapes and different sizes can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 1, a sodium driver 50 provided in the sodium circuit is used to drive sodium in the sodium storage container 20 to circulate in the sodium circuit, and power sodium delivery when the sodium circuit is in operation, so that the sodium circuit is in an operation state, thereby simulating sodium leakage of the sodium pipeline when the sodium circuit is in operation. Illustratively, the sodium driver 50 may be a sodium electromagnetic pump or a sodium mechanical pump, the sodium electromagnetic pump and the sodium mechanical pump being capable of driving the flow of liquid metal sodium in the sodium circuit.
In some embodiments, a sodium solenoid pump is used as the sodium driver 50 to drive the sodium circuit to operate, and the flow and pressure of sodium in the sodium circuit can be controlled by adjusting the sodium solenoid pump. Further, during the simulation test, the flow and pressure of sodium in the sodium loop can be controlled to reach the test flow and test pressure, respectively.
As shown in fig. 1, the simulation apparatus further includes a sodium pressure monitor 40, and the sodium pressure monitor 40 is disposed upstream and downstream of the sodium pipe leakage simulation section 10 and is used for monitoring the pressure change before and after the sodium pipe leakage simulation section 10, so as to determine whether the sodium pipe leakage simulation section 10 has sodium leakage according to the pressure change, and obtain pressure change data when sodium leakage occurs in the sodium circuit. For example, the sodium pressure monitor 40 may be a pressure sensor.
In addition, as shown in fig. 1, a sodium liquid level monitor 21 is also provided in the sodium storage container 20 for monitoring the liquid level in the sodium storage container 20. In the present embodiment, by monitoring the change in the sodium liquid level in the sodium storage container 20, it is possible to determine whether or not the sodium circuit is leaking, and it is possible to determine the total leak amount when the sodium circuit is leaking. Specifically, when the sodium liquid level is kept unchanged during the operation of the sodium loop, the sodium leakage is not caused; when the sodium level decreases, it is indicated that sodium leakage occurs in the sodium circuit.
As shown in fig. 1, in some embodiments, the sodium tubing leak simulation section 10, the sodium flow monitor 30, and the sodium pressure monitor 40 are disposed within a process room 60. The process room 60 can simulate the arrangement of a sodium-cooled fast reactor sodium process, and provides a test place for sodium leakage sodium fire accident test. Wherein, a monitoring and control system 80 is further arranged in the process room 60 for monitoring the change of at least one of the temperature, the pressure and the sodium aerosol concentration in the process room 60 during the sodium combustion after sodium leakage, so as to obtain the corresponding test data of sodium fire accident due to sodium leakage.
In this embodiment, when the sodium loop reaches the test temperature and the test pressure, the alloy material seal fails, and the break of the sodium pipe leakage simulation section 10 breaks, so as to simulate the working condition that the sodium pipe suddenly breaks to cause sodium leakage to the process room 60 in the operation state of the sodium loop. When the high-temperature sodium leaks into the process chamber 60, the high-temperature sodium reacts with air immediately and sodium fire combustion occurs, the monitoring and control system 80 monitors the temperature, pressure and sodium aerosol concentration change condition in the process chamber 60 in the sodium fire accident process, thereby providing a real and feasible data support for the development of sodium fire accident analysis software, providing a powerful technical support for the design of a sodium-cooled fast reactor sodium fire protection system and providing a guarantee for the safety analysis of sodium fire accidents.
Compared with sodium leakage of a sodium loop pipeline port, the embodiment of the invention can realize the simulation of sodium leakage working conditions caused by sodium pipeline breakage when a sodium loop is operated, can truly reflect the evolution process of sodium leakage, can more effectively develop sodium fire tests, has more relevant obtained test data and actual conditions, greatly improves the accuracy of sodium fire safety analysis of a sodium cooled fast reactor, can effectively avoid the safety risk caused by insufficient sodium fire protection measures of the sodium cooled fast reactor, and can also avoid the economic burden caused by over conservation of partial protection measures. Meanwhile, modeling basis can be provided for the development of sodium fire accident analysis software, and powerful data support is provided for the numerical sodium fire safety analysis.
In some embodiments, the monitoring and control system 80 is also connected to the sodium flow monitor 30, the sodium pressure monitor 40 for acquiring changes in sodium flow, pressure before and after the sodium line leak simulation segment 10, thereby controlling and monitoring the operating state of the sodium loop.
Further, a monitoring and control system 80 is connected to the sodium driver 50, the monitoring and control system 80 being arranged to adjust the sodium driver 50 to control the flow and pressure of sodium in the sodium circuit. For example, the sodium driver 50 may be adjusted based on the flow and pressure monitored by the sodium flow monitor 30 and the sodium pressure monitor 40 disposed upstream of the sodium tubing leakage simulation segment 10 such that the flow and pressure of sodium in the sodium circuit both reach the test conditions (i.e., test flow and test pressure).
In some embodiments, the monitoring and control system 80 may also be connected to the heating portion, the monitoring and control system 80 being configured to monitor the temperature of the sodium loop and control the heating temperature of the heating portion. The monitoring and control system 80 in this embodiment can monitor the temperature of the sodium loop to control the heating of the heating portion according to the temperature, so as to realize feedback, control and maintenance of the sodium temperature in the sodium loop. For example, the heating portion may be controlled to heat the temperature of the sodium tubing leakage simulation section 10 to the test temperature to simulate sodium leakage of the sodium circuit.
In other embodiments, a separate electrical heating system may be provided to effect heating of the sodium circuit and temperature control. The electric heating system comprises a heating part, a temperature monitoring part and a control part, wherein the heating part and the temperature monitoring part are arranged on the sodium loop, so that heating and temperature monitoring of the sodium loop are realized, and the control part is connected with the heating part and the temperature monitoring part and can control the heating temperature of the heating part according to the monitored temperature.
As shown in fig. 1, an alarm system 90 is further provided in the process room 60, for monitoring whether sodium combustion occurs in the process room 60 and giving an alarm prompt when sodium combustion occurs, so as to prompt a tester to process a sodium fire accident in time. Specifically, after triggering the alarm system 90, the test personnel can simulate the sodium fire accident safety analysis accident handling sequence according to the alarm prompt, for example, close the sodium driver 50, control the valve, start the sodium loop to remove sodium, etc., so as to simulate the sodium leakage condition in the accident handling process, truly simulate the development process of the sodium leakage sodium fire accident in operation, and monitor the temperature, pressure and sodium aerosol concentration change in the process room 60 in real time through the monitoring and control system 80.
In other embodiments, the monitoring and control system 80 may be associated with the alarm system 90, and when the alarm system 90 is triggered to alarm, the monitoring and control system 80 may automatically control the entire simulation device for sodium fire accident management, for example, control the sodium driver 50 and control valves in the sodium circuit to close and activate the sodium circuit to vent sodium to the sodium circuit.
In this embodiment, the sodium driver 50 is turned off after the sodium leakage occurs, so as to simulate the sodium leakage change condition of the sodium driver 50 after the sodium leakage occurs, for example, simulate the sodium leakage change condition of the sodium electromagnetic pump in the sodium flow process in the sodium loop after the sodium electromagnetic pump is turned off, so as to simulate the sodium leakage working condition of the sodium driver 50 before and after the sodium leakage, and simulate the sodium fire accident caused by the sodium leakage.
As shown in fig. 2, in some embodiments, the simulation apparatus further includes a branch 12, the branch 12 being connected in parallel with the sodium tubing leakage simulation section 10 and the sodium flow monitor 30 for simulating leakage of sodium when the sodium circuit breaks during operation of the branch 12. In this embodiment, by arranging the branch 12, the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 is connected in the branch 12, so as to simulate the working condition of sodium leakage of the branch sodium pipeline, and obtain the flow and pressure change data of sodium leakage of the branch sodium pipeline, and the change data of the temperature, pressure and sodium aerosol concentration in the process chamber 60 during the sodium fire accident caused by the flow and pressure change data.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, a control valve 121 is disposed on the branch 12, and is used for controlling the on-off state of the branch 12, so as to simulate the working conditions of sodium leakage of different sodium pipelines. Specifically, when the control valve 121 on branch 12 is closed, sodium cannot flow through branch 12, which can simulate sodium leakage from the sodium circuit during non-branch operation; when the control valve 121 of the branch 12 is opened, sodium flows through the branch 12, which can simulate sodium leakage from the sodium circuit during operation of the branch.
In some embodiments, a control valve 101 is also provided on the line in which the sodium tubing leakage simulation segment 10 is located, thereby controlling the blockage or passage of sodium flow by the sodium tubing leakage simulation segment 10. Specifically, control valves 101 may be disposed at both ends of the pipeline where the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 is located, for example, upstream of the sodium flow monitor 30 and downstream of another sodium flow monitor 30, so as to control the on-off of the sodium flow of the branch 12.
In addition, control valves 101 may be provided upstream and downstream of the sodium tubing leakage simulation section 10 to block sodium flow through the sodium tubing leakage simulation section 10 in the event of a leak.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the simulation apparatus in the present embodiment further includes an intake pipe 70. The air inlet pipe 70 is connected to the sodium pipe 11 and to an external inert gas source and vacuum system to provide vacuum conditions and inert gas to the sodium circuit so that the gas in the sodium circuit is replaced with inert gas before the sodium circuit circulates sodium to bring the sodium circuit to a sodium intake condition.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a simulation method of sodium leakage of the sodium loop, which can be realized by adopting the simulation device in any embodiment. The simulation method specifically includes the following steps S10 to S50.
Step S10, manufacturing a break on the sodium pipe leakage simulation section 10, and sealing and welding the break by using a predetermined alloy material.
In step S20, the sodium pipe leakage simulation segment 10 is connected to the sodium storage container 20 to form a sodium circuit.
Step S30, after preheating the sodium storage container 20 and the sodium loop to the initial temperature, the sodium stored in the sodium storage container 20 is driven to circularly flow in the sodium loop so as to simulate the normal operation condition of the sodium-cooled fast reactor. Specifically, a sodium driver 50 (e.g., a sodium electromagnetic pump or a sodium mechanical pump) disposed in the sodium circuit may be activated to drive the sodium flow.
Step S40, monitoring the change of the sodium flow before and after the sodium pipe leakage simulation segment 10 in real time.
And S50, heating the sodium loop to a test temperature, and when the temperature and the pressure of the sodium loop reach the test temperature, sealing the alloy material on the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 to fail, and leakage of sodium from the break to simulate leakage of sodium when the sodium loop is broken.
By adopting the simulation method in the embodiment, the sodium leakage flow and pressure change under the working condition of the broken sodium pipeline can be simulated when the sodium-cooled fast reactor sodium loop is operated, so that corresponding data are obtained, and real and feasible data are provided for sodium leakage research of the sodium loop.
In some embodiments, the same break can be made in advance on the sodium pipeline leakage simulated pipe section according to the shape and size required by the pipeline break in the sodium fire accident analysis, and the break is welded and sealed by adopting a special alloy material. Then, a sodium tubing leakage simulation segment 10 manufactured with a break of predetermined shape and size may be connected to the sodium circuit to simulate the conditions where a tubing break would occur with sodium leakage.
In addition, the broken openings with different shapes and sizes can be manufactured on the plurality of sodium pipeline leakage simulation sections 10, and the sodium pipeline leakage simulation sections 10 with the broken openings with different shapes and sizes are manufactured in sequence for testing, so that the working conditions of sodium leakage caused by the breakage of the pipeline with the broken openings with different shapes and different sizes are simulated, and the analysis requirements of different sodium fire accidents are met.
In some embodiments, the gas within the sodium circuit is replaced with an inert gas prior to driving the sodium stored within the sodium storage vessel 20 to circulate in the sodium circuit, thereby allowing the sodium circuit to achieve the desired conditions for sodium intake and avoiding sodium reactions in the sodium circuit. Specifically, the vacuum and inert gas replacement can be sequentially performed on the sodium loop, and the process can be repeated for a plurality of times, so that the water oxygen content in the sodium loop is reduced to the condition required for sodium intake.
In step S30, the sodium storage container 20 and the sodium circuit are preheated to an initial temperature so that sodium in the sodium storage container 20 is melted into a liquid state so as to be circulated in the sodium circuit while sodium is prevented from solidifying in the sodium circuit. Wherein the initial temperature is greater than or equal to the melting point of sodium, for example, the initial temperature may be 150 ℃.
Further, when sodium stored in the sodium storage container 20 is driven to circulate in the sodium circuit, the flow rate and pressure of sodium in the sodium circuit can be regulated to reach the test flow rate and test pressure, so that the sodium flow rate and pressure reach the conditions required for the test. The test flow and the test pressure can be set according to the safety analysis requirement of sodium fire accidents of the sodium-cooled fast reactor.
In step S50, the sodium circuit is heated to a test temperature, so that the sodium circuit can reach a specific temperature and pressure state of sodium leakage, that is, reach the test temperature and test pressure, and cause the alloy material welded seal at the break of the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 to fail, and the high-temperature sodium leaks from the running sodium circuit through the failed break.
In this embodiment, the operating state of the sodium loop can be monitored and controlled in real time after the sodium cycle is operated. Specifically, the change in sodium flow before and after the sodium tubing leak simulation segment 10 can be monitored in real time. Alternatively, the sodium pressure changes before and after the sodium tubing leak simulation segment 10 may be monitored in real time. In addition, the change in the liquid level in the sodium storage container 20 can also be monitored in real time.
By adopting the method in the embodiment, the operation state of the sodium loop is monitored by various means, and flow and pressure change data of sodium leakage during normal operation of the sodium loop are obtained, so that real and effective data are provided for sodium leakage research.
In step S20, the sodium tubing leak simulation section 10 may be installed within the process room 60. In this embodiment, the process room 60 is used to provide a place for sodium leakage sodium fire test, after the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 breaks, high-temperature sodium can leak into the process room 60, react with oxygen in air and burn, and sodium fire accident occurs, so as to simulate the real process of sodium fire accident evolution caused by sodium loop leakage when the sodium loop of the sodium cooled fast reactor is operated, effectively develop sodium leakage sodium fire test, and obtain test data conforming to the actual situation.
In this embodiment, after the sodium is circulated, at least one of the temperature, the pressure and the sodium aerosol in the process chamber 60 during the sodium combustion after sodium leakage can be monitored in real time, so that the possible damage data of the sodium fire accident to the structures in the process chamber 60 can be obtained according to the change condition of the temperature, the pressure and the sodium aerosol concentration in the process chamber 60 during the sodium fire accident, the influence of the sodium fire accident to the structures and the like can be obtained by analyzing, so that the influence of the sodium fire can be accurately analyzed and evaluated, and whether the sodium fire protection measures are enough can be evaluated.
In some embodiments, an alarm prompt can be given when sodium leaks, and test personnel can be timely reminded of sodium fire accident treatment. Specifically, when high-temperature sodium leaks into the process room 60 and the oxygen in the air reacts to generate combustion, the alarm system 90 is triggered to alarm, so that the test personnel can process the sodium fire accident according to the accident handling sequence in time.
Further, after the alarm is prompted, the circulation of sodium in the sodium circuit is stopped, and sodium in the sodium circuit is discharged. Specifically, the sodium driver 50 (sodium electromagnetic pump or sodium mechanical pump) and corresponding control valves in the sodium loop may be closed according to the sodium fire accident handling sequence, thereby simulating sodium leakage conditions before and after the closing of the sodium driver 50; and meanwhile, the sodium loop is started to discharge sodium, so that the sodium leakage condition of a sodium loop pipeline and the sodium fire accident condition generated after sodium leakage are simulated.
In some embodiments of the invention, sodium leakage may be simulated when there is a bypass in the sodium circuit. The sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 is connected with a branch 12 in parallel, and before sodium is driven to circularly flow in a sodium loop, a control valve 121 on the branch 12 is opened to enable sodium to flow through the branch 12 so as to simulate sodium leakage when the sodium loop is broken during operation of the branch. Specifically, all control valves in the sodium circuit may be opened so that both the main circuit and the branch 12 circulate sodium.
In other embodiments of the invention, sodium leakage in a sodium circuit without bypass operation may be simulated. Specifically, the control valve 121 on the branch 12 may be kept closed, all control valves except the control valve 121 of the branch 12 are opened, and only sodium is driven to circulate in the main circuit.
By adopting the simulation method in the embodiment of the invention, the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 can normally participate in the operation of the sodium loop so as to simulate the operation condition of the whole sodium loop, thereby more truly carrying out the test of sodium leakage and sodium fire accidents of the sodium loop. In addition, the working conditions of sodium leakage caused by the damage of pipelines with different shapes and different sizes can be simulated according to the analysis requirements of sodium fire accidents.
When the sodium loop reaches the test temperature and the test pressure of sodium leakage, the break of the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 is broken to simulate the situation that high-temperature sodium leaks from the operation loop to the process room 60 and sodium fire accidents occur when the sodium loop pipeline is broken, obtain the thermodynamic result of sodium fire accidents, and provide real and feasible data support for sodium fire accident analysis.
The simulation method of sodium leakage of the sodium circuit provided by the invention is further described below by using specific examples.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a method of simulating sodium leakage during operation of a branch. The method specifically comprises the following steps.
1. Designing and processing a section of sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 with the same pipe diameter as the sodium loop, manufacturing the same break on the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 according to the shape and the size required by the pipeline break in sodium fire accident analysis, and adopting a special alloy material to weld and seal the break.
2. The sodium tubing leak simulation 10 is welded into the sodium loop and the sodium tubing leak simulation 10 is installed in the process room 60.
3. And vacuumizing and replacing the sodium loop by argon so that the sodium loop reaches the condition required by sodium intake.
4. After preheating the sodium storage vessel 20 and sodium loop to 150 ℃, all control valves are opened to drive sodium to circulate in the sodium loop, and the sodium pressure and sodium flow in the sodium loop are brought to the test pressure and test flow by adjusting the sodium driver 50.
5. And the sodium in the sodium loop is further heated to the test temperature, when the sodium loop reaches the specific test temperature and test pressure state of sodium leakage, the welding seal of the alloy material at the break of the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 fails, and high-temperature sodium leaks into the process room 60 from the sodium loop through the failed break and sodium fire accidents occur.
6. The high temperature sodium leak into the process room 60 and the air reaction are burnt, the alarm system 90 is triggered to alarm, the testers close the fluid to drive the fluid and the corresponding control valve according to the accident sequence, and simultaneously, the sodium loop is started to discharge sodium, so that the sodium leak condition of the sodium loop with the branch 12 running in the whole accident sequence process and the sodium fire accident condition generated after the sodium leak are simulated.
7. The operation condition of the sodium loop with the branch and the temperature, pressure and sodium aerosol concentration change condition in the process room 60 in the sodium fire accident process are monitored, and the influence of the sodium fire accident on the structures and the like is obtained through measurement and analysis.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a simulation method for sodium leakage of a sodium loop in a non-bypass operation. The method specifically comprises the following steps.
1. Designing and processing a section of sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 with the same pipe diameter as the sodium loop, manufacturing the same break on the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 according to the shape and the size required by the pipeline break in sodium fire accident analysis, and adopting a special alloy material to weld and seal the break.
2. The sodium tubing leak simulation 10 is welded into the sodium loop and the sodium tubing leak simulation 10 is installed in the process room 60.
3. And vacuumizing and replacing the sodium loop by argon so that the sodium loop reaches the condition required by sodium intake.
4. After the sodium storage container 20 and the sodium circuit are preheated to 150 ℃ by the heating part, all control valves except the control valve of the branch circuit 12 are opened, sodium is driven to circularly run in the main circuit by the sodium driver 50, and the sodium pressure and the sodium flow in the sodium circuit are consistent with test requirements by adjusting the sodium driver 50, namely, the test pressure and the test flow are achieved.
5. And the sodium in the sodium loop is further heated to the test temperature, when the sodium loop reaches the specific test temperature and test pressure state of sodium leakage, the welding seal of the alloy material at the break of the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section 10 fails, and high-temperature sodium leaks from the operation loop to the process room 60 through the failed break to generate a sodium fire accident.
6. The high temperature sodium leak into the process room 60 and the air reaction are burnt, the alarm system 90 is triggered to alarm, the testers close the fluid to drive the fluid and the corresponding control valve according to the accident sequence, and simultaneously, the sodium loop is started to discharge sodium, so that the sodium leak condition of the sodium loop with the branch 12 running in the whole accident sequence process and the sodium fire accident condition generated after the sodium leak are simulated.
7. The monitoring and control system 80 monitors the operation condition of the sodium loop with the branch and the temperature, pressure and sodium aerosol concentration change condition in the process room 60 during the sodium fire accident, and the influence of the sodium fire accident on the structures and the like is obtained through measurement and analysis.
It should also be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the features of the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments without conflict. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.

Claims (18)

1. A sodium circuit sodium leak simulator, comprising:
a sodium pipeline leakage simulation section, wherein a break is prefabricated on the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section, and the break is sealed and welded by a preset alloy material;
the sodium storage container is connected with the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section to form a sodium loop, and sodium is stored in the sodium storage container and is used for providing sodium for the sodium loop;
a sodium driver disposed in the sodium circuit for driving sodium in the sodium storage container to circulate in the sodium circuit;
a heating part which is arranged in the sodium storage container and the sodium loop and is used for heating sodium in the sodium storage container and the sodium loop;
the sodium flow monitors are arranged at the upstream and downstream of the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section and are used for monitoring the change of sodium flow before and after the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section;
wherein the sodium tubing leakage simulation section is configured to: when the heating part heats the sodium loop to the test temperature, the welding seal of the alloy material fails to simulate sodium leakage when the sodium loop is broken.
2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising: and the branch is connected in parallel with the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section and the sodium flow monitor and is used for simulating sodium leakage when a sodium loop is damaged during the operation of the branch.
3. The device according to claim 2, wherein a control valve is arranged on the branch for controlling the on-off of the branch.
4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising: and the sodium pressure monitor is arranged at the upstream and downstream of the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section and is used for monitoring the change of the pressure before and after the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a sodium level monitor is disposed within the sodium storage vessel for monitoring the level of liquid within the sodium storage vessel.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the sodium conduit leak simulation section, sodium flow monitor, sodium pressure monitor are disposed within a process room having a monitoring and control system disposed therein for monitoring changes in at least one of temperature, pressure, and sodium aerosol concentration within the process room during sodium combustion after the sodium leak.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the monitoring and control system is connected to the sodium flow monitor and the sodium pressure monitor for acquiring changes in sodium flow and pressure before and after the sodium pipeline leakage simulation segment.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the monitoring and control system is coupled to the heating portion, the monitoring and control system configured to monitor a temperature of the sodium loop and control a heating temperature of the heating portion.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the monitoring and control system is coupled to the sodium driver, the monitoring and control system configured to adjust the sodium driver to control the flow and pressure of sodium in the sodium circuit.
10. The device according to claim 8, wherein an alarm system is further provided in the process room for monitoring whether sodium combustion occurs in the process room and giving an alarm prompt when the sodium is combusted.
11. A method of simulating sodium leakage in a sodium circuit, implemented using an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the method comprising:
manufacturing a break on the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section, and sealing and welding the break by using a preset alloy material;
connecting the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section with a sodium storage container to form a sodium loop;
after preheating the sodium storage container and the sodium loop to an initial temperature, driving sodium stored in the sodium storage container to circularly flow in the sodium loop;
monitoring the change of the sodium flow before and after the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section in real time;
and heating the sodium loop to a test temperature, wherein when the temperature and the pressure of the sodium loop reach the test temperature, the alloy material on the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section is in sealing failure, and sodium in the sodium loop leaks from the break to simulate sodium leakage when the sodium loop is broken.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the sodium in the sodium circuit is replaced with an inert gas prior to driving the sodium stored in the sodium storage vessel to circulate in the sodium circuit.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the flow rate and pressure of sodium in the sodium circuit are adjusted to a test flow rate and test pressure when sodium stored in the sodium storage vessel is driven to circulate in the sodium circuit.
14. The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising: monitoring the change of sodium pressure before and after the sodium pipeline leakage simulation section in real time; and/or
Monitoring the change of the liquid level in the sodium storage container in real time.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the sodium tubing leak simulation segment is disposed within a process room, the method further comprising:
at least one of temperature, pressure, and sodium aerosol within the process chamber during sodium combustion after the sodium leak is monitored in real time.
16. The method as recited in claim 15, further comprising: and after the sodium leaks, alarming and prompting.
17. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising: after an alarm prompt, the circulation of the sodium in the sodium loop is stopped, and the sodium in the sodium loop is discharged.
18. The method of any one of claims 11-17, wherein the sodium tubing leakage simulation segment is connected in parallel with a branch, the method further comprising:
and opening a control valve on the branch circuit to enable the sodium to flow through the branch circuit so as to simulate sodium leakage when a sodium circuit is broken during the operation of the branch circuit.
CN202310193625.3A 2023-02-24 2023-02-24 Sodium leakage simulation device and method for sodium loop Pending CN116358804A (en)

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CN202310193625.3A CN116358804A (en) 2023-02-24 2023-02-24 Sodium leakage simulation device and method for sodium loop

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310193625.3A CN116358804A (en) 2023-02-24 2023-02-24 Sodium leakage simulation device and method for sodium loop

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