CN116357413A - Turbine generator system with three-way valve and tail gas recovery power generation device - Google Patents
Turbine generator system with three-way valve and tail gas recovery power generation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN116357413A CN116357413A CN202310229737.XA CN202310229737A CN116357413A CN 116357413 A CN116357413 A CN 116357413A CN 202310229737 A CN202310229737 A CN 202310229737A CN 116357413 A CN116357413 A CN 116357413A
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/007—Preventing corrosion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
- H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a turbine generator system with a three-way valve, which comprises a turbine generator and the three-way valve. The turbine generator can rotate under the pushing of air to generate three-phase alternating current, a first interface of the three-way valve is communicated with an air inlet pipeline, a second interface of the three-way valve is communicated with an air inlet of the turbine generator, and a third interface of the three-way valve is communicated with an exhaust pipe and is used for shunting gas entering the turbine generator. When the fuel cell is used for generating electricity, the tail gas of the fuel cell system can still be normally discharged when the fuel cell system operates under special working conditions such as low temperature, idling and overload, the fuel cell system can still normally operate, and the reliability of the whole fuel cell system is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a turbine generator system with a three-way valve and a tail gas recovery power generation device.
Background
A hydrogen fuel cell system is a device that converts chemical energy into electric energy by a chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, which is actually a power generation process. The hydrogen fuel cell system has high power generation efficiency, no noise and no pollution, is an environment-friendly power generation device, and is widely applied to the technical fields of new energy automobiles and the like. In the power generation process of the hydrogen fuel cell system, in order to ensure the purity of hydrogen and prevent water blockage at the anode side, unreacted gas needs to be discharged, and the gas has certain kinetic energy and heat energy, so that energy waste can be caused by direct discharge. Based on this, an off-gas recovery device is provided in a part of the hydrogen fuel cell system to recover the off-gas for use such as power generation or recycling.
At present, a main stream tail gas energy recovery device in a hydrogen fuel cell system adopts a coaxial integration scheme of an electric air compressor and a turbine mechanism, namely, the compressor is coaxially connected with the turbine mechanism, the turbine mechanism can convert tail gas energy discharged by the fuel cell system into mechanical energy, and the mechanical energy is transmitted to the air compressor in a coaxial mode, so that the power consumption of the whole air path system is further saved. However, turbine mechanisms may affect the normal start-up or operating efficiency of the overall fuel cell system under certain specific conditions such as low temperature, low flow rates, etc.
The tail gas energy recovery device of the hydrogen fuel cell system can also adopt a combination scheme of an electric air compressor and a turbocharger, namely, the electric air compressor is connected with a gas circuit of the turbocharger in series, a shafting is in non-coaxial connection, the turbocharger can convert tail gas energy discharged by the fuel cell system into mechanical energy to compress air, and the compressed air is then connected into the electric air compressor in series, so that the load of the electric air compressor is reduced, and the power consumption of the whole air circuit system is further saved. Under the working conditions of low temperature and low flow, the turbocharger can block the air circuit of the fuel cell system, and further the normal starting or working efficiency of the whole fuel cell system can be influenced.
In addition, at present, a part of tail gas energy recovery devices of hydrogen fuel cell systems adopt a combination scheme of an electric air compressor and a turbine generator, namely, circuits of the electric air compressor and the turbine generator are connected in series, shafting of the electric air compressor and the turbine generator is not connected, the turbine generator system can convert tail gas energy discharged by the fuel cell systems into electric energy, and then the electric energy is directly supplied to the electric air compressor system or stored in a storage battery, so that the power consumption of the whole air path system is saved. However, the existing scheme still cannot solve the problems that the turbine mechanism is difficult to start due to low-temperature icing, the idle low-flow system is low in efficiency, the turbine mechanism is damaged by excessive flow, the whole system cannot work normally due to failure of the turbine mechanism, and the system is only suitable for a single fuel cell system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of some or all of the problems of the prior art, a first aspect of the present invention provides a turbine generator system with a three-way valve, comprising:
a turbine generator that generates electricity by rotating under the pushing of air; and
and the three-way valve is used for dividing the gas entering the turbine generator.
Further, the turbine generator system further comprises a water separator, an air inlet of the water separator is communicated with the second interface of the three-way valve, an air outlet of the water separator is communicated with the air inlet of the turbine generator, and an air outlet of the water separator is communicated with the exhaust pipe, and the water separator is used for carrying out steam-water separation on gas entering the turbine generator.
Further, the turbine generator system further comprises a pressure sensor, wherein the pressure sensor is arranged at an air inlet of the turbine generator and used for monitoring air pressure entering the turbine generator in real time and providing basis for controlling the opening degree of the three-way valve.
Further, the turbine generator system also includes a controller for rectifying the three-phase alternating current generated by the turbine generator into direct current and delivering the direct current.
Further, the turbine generator system further includes a muffler disposed at the exhaust pipe outlet.
Based on the turbine generator system as described above, a second aspect of the present invention provides an exhaust gas recovery power generation device, comprising:
a hydrogen fuel cell system; and
a turbo-generator system as hereinbefore described wherein the inlet of the turbo-generator is in communication with the exhaust gas outlet of said hydrogen fuel cell system.
Further, one turbine generator system is in communication with the exhaust gas discharge lines of the N hydrogen fuel cell systems, where N is a natural number.
Further, the hydrogen fuel cell system includes:
an air compressor for compressing air; and
and the electric pile is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor, and the compressed air fully reacts with hydrogen in the electric pile and discharges steam-water mixed tail gas.
Further, the air compressor is in electrical communication with the turbine generator, and the air compressor is powered by the turbine generator.
Further, the hydrogen fuel cell system further comprises an air intake filter, an air intake flowmeter, an intercooler, a humidifier and a back pressure valve.
Further, the tail gas recovery power generation device further comprises a storage battery, wherein the storage battery is electrically connected with the turbine generator and used for storing electric energy generated by the turbine generator.
The turbine generator system with the three-way valve and the tail gas recovery power generation device provided by the invention are used for recovering the tail gas energy of the hydrogen fuel cell system, converting the mechanical energy into electric energy, and providing the electric energy for an air compressor in the hydrogen fuel cell system for use or storage in a storage battery. The three-way valve is arranged in the turbine generator system, when the inflow flow exceeds the bearable range of the turbine generator, namely, the turbine generator system is in an overflow working condition, the opening of the three-way valve can be accurately controlled, and the overflow flow is discharged to the bypass passage, so that the inflow flow of the turbine generator system is ensured to be in a safe range, and the turbine generator can be ensured to normally generate electricity. Due to the arrangement of the three-way valve, when the turbine generator fails, the three-way valve can be controlled to enable the tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell system to be completely connected to the bypass of the turbine generator system, so that the air path is kept smooth, the normal operation of the hydrogen fuel cell system is ensured, the problem that the reliability of the turbine mechanism applied to the field of fuel cells is low is solved, and the reliability of the whole fuel cell system is greatly improved. In addition, when the fuel cell system is in a low-temperature working condition, the tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell system can be completely connected into the bypass of the turbine generator system by controlling the three-way valve, so that the tail gas emission of the fuel cell system is smooth, and further, normal cold start is realized, and after the fuel cell system finishes a heat engine, the turbine generator can break ice smoothly, and the low-temperature cold start is finished. When the hydrogen fuel cell system is started, the tail gas of the fuel cell system can be completely connected into the bypass passage of the turbine generator system by controlling the three-way valve, and all liquid water in the electric pile can flow into the bypass passage, so that the impact of the liquid water on a turbine mechanism is reduced, the possibility that the liquid water enters the inner cavity of the motor is greatly reduced, and further the risks of impeller corrosion, motor insulation failure and bearing rust are reduced. When the fuel cell system operates in an idle speed or low flow working condition and the energy of the tail gas is insufficient to enable the turbine generator to generate power, the turbine generator can be controlled to stop, and the three-way valve is controlled to enable the tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell system to be completely connected into a bypass passage of the turbine generator system, so that the power consumption of the turbine generator is avoided, the efficiency of the whole air passage system is further improved, and the problem that the turbine mechanism does not recover energy but consumes power when the traditional expander is in the low flow working condition is solved. The independent shaft design is arranged between the turbine generator and the air compressor, so that the rotation speed of the turbine generator and the electric air compressor are completely decoupled when the fuel cell system operates under a normal load working condition, and the fuel cell system can operate to an optimal rotation speed to maximize the recovery power, so that the comprehensive efficiency of the system is maximized. The single turbine generator system can intensively recycle the tail gas of a plurality of fuel cell systems, is not only suitable for a single-stack single-channel system, but also suitable for a multi-stack multi-channel system and a multi-system combination scheme, greatly reduces the number of energy recycling devices, and reduces the cost and the volume.
Drawings
To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of embodiments of the present invention, a more particular description of embodiments of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. In the drawings, for clarity, the same or corresponding parts will be designated by the same or similar reference numerals.
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic configuration of a turbine generator system with a three-way valve according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 2 shows a schematic configuration of an exhaust gas recovery power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, the present invention is described with reference to various embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the embodiments may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other alternative and/or additional methods, materials, or components. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention. Similarly, for purposes of explanation, specific numbers, materials and configurations are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, the invention is not limited to these specific details. Furthermore, it should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are illustrative representations and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "the embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
In embodiments of the present invention, a turbomachine or turbine mechanism refers to a fluid impeller machine, such as a pump, fan, compressor, and the like.
The inventor finds that the main flow of tail gas energy recovery device in the existing hydrogen fuel cell system mainly has the following problems: the turbine mechanism is difficult to start due to low-temperature icing, the idle low-flow system is low in efficiency, the turbine mechanism is damaged by excessive flow, and the whole system cannot work normally due to failure of the turbine mechanism, so that the system is only suitable for a single fuel cell system. For example, for the scheme that the air compressor and the turbomachinery are coaxially connected, because the turbine mechanism and the air compressor are coaxial, when the fuel cell system is in a low-temperature working condition, the air compressor cannot be started normally due to the fact that the turbine mechanism is frozen, and further normal starting of the whole fuel cell system is affected, when the fuel cell system is in an idle speed or low-flow working condition, the turbine mechanism and the air compressor keep running at the same rotating speed, the lower flow cannot ensure that the turbine mechanism can effectively recover energy, the turbine mechanism is in a power consumption state, the comprehensive efficiency of the fuel cell system is lower, and when the fuel cell system is in a rated working condition, the air compressor and the turbine mechanism cannot be guaranteed to operate at the optimal rotating speed, the rated efficiency of the air compressor system is lower, and in addition, when the turbine mechanism fails, the turbine mechanism and the air compressor are coaxially connected, the air compressor and the whole fuel cell system cannot work normally. For another example, for the combination scheme of the electric air compressor and the turbocharger, the shafting is not coaxially connected, but because only one air path is connected between the fuel cell system and the turbocharger, air path blockage can be caused under some special working conditions: when the fuel cell system is in a low-temperature working condition, the turbocharger is frozen to cause the blockage of an air path of the fuel cell system, and the electric air compressor cannot normally operate, so that the starting of the whole fuel cell system is affected; when the fuel cell system runs under the working condition of idling or low flow, the low flow cannot ensure that the turbocharger can work normally, and the air path is blocked, so that the negative pressure at the inlet of the electric air compressor is too high, and the performance of the air compressor is reduced; when the turbocharger fails, the turbine cannot normally operate, and an air path is blocked, so that the electric air compressor cannot normally operate. In addition, the turbine mechanism or the turbocharger can only recover the energy of tail gas of a single system, when a plurality of systems are combined, a plurality of turbine mechanisms or turbochargers are needed, the overall cost is high, the volume is large, and when a plurality of fuel cell systems are combined, and the systems are in an overflow working condition, the recovered gas circuit can be blocked, so that the turbine mechanism or the turbocharger component and the air bearing are damaged.
Based on the findings, in order to ensure that the turbine mechanism can normally and efficiently operate under various working conditions, the invention adopts the design that the turbine mechanism is not coaxial with the fuel cell system on one hand, and a bypass gas circuit is further arranged at the gas inlet of the turbine mechanism on the other hand, so as to avoid the blockage of the air circuit. Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the turbine generator is adopted to recycle and generate the tail gas of the fuel cell system, and the three-way valve is arranged at the air inlet pipeline of the turbine generator system, so that the tail gas of the fuel cell system can be sent to the turbine generator and/or discharged through the bypass passage according to actual requirements.
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic configuration of a three-way valve turbine generator system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a three-way valve turbine generator system includes a turbine generator 101 and a three-way valve 102. Wherein the first port of the three-way valve 102 communicates with an inlet duct of the turbine generator system, the second port communicates with an inlet of the turbine generator 101, and the third port communicates with an exhaust duct for diverting gas entering the turbine generator.
The turbine generator can rotate to generate electricity under the pushing of air, and then three-phase alternating current is generated. In one embodiment of the invention, the three-phase alternating current can be rectified into direct current and then fed into a controller of an air compressor of a single or multiple fuel cell systems to supply power to the air compressor or directly fed into a storage battery for storage. Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, the turbine generator system further comprises a controller 103 for rectifying the three-phase alternating current generated by the turbine generator into direct current and feeding it to the controller or battery of the air compressor.
In order to avoid the turbine generator system being in an over-flow condition, when the pre-vortex pressure exceeds a preset value, the opening of the three-way valve 102 is controlled, and the excessive flow is discharged into the bypass passage, so that the inflow flow of the turbine generator system is ensured to be in a safe range, and the turbine generator can be ensured to normally generate electricity. In one embodiment of the invention, the preset value is obtained by a pre-calibration test. In order to precisely control the opening degree of the three-way valve, in one embodiment of the present invention, a pressure sensor 104 may be further provided at the air inlet of the turbine generator 101 to monitor the air flow rate into the turbine generator in real time, so that the opening degree of the three-way valve may be further precisely controlled according to the air flow rate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the turbine generator system uses the tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell system to generate electricity, and the tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell system is usually steam-water mixed tail gas with high temperature and high pressure, so in order to avoid the problem that when the fuel cell system is started, a great amount of liquid water in the electric pile rushes into the turbine machinery, namely the inner cavity of the turbine generator, causing insulation failure and bearing rust, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the turbine generator system further comprises a water separator 105. The air inlet of the water separator 105 is communicated with the second interface of the three-way valve, the air outlet is communicated with the air inlet of the turbine generator, the water outlet is communicated with the exhaust pipe, and the water separator is used for carrying out steam-water separation on gas entering the turbine generator. Wherein the air separated by the water separator 105 is directly connected to the turbine generator 101 to generate electricity, and the separated water flows into a bypass passage, and is finally discharged together with the gas discharged through the third port of the three-way valve and the air discharged from the turbine generator through an exhaust pipe. Since the turbine generator exhaust end is noisier, in one embodiment of the invention, a muffler 106 may also be provided at the outlet of the exhaust pipe.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an exhaust gas recovery power plant in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, based on the turbine-generator system as described above. As shown in fig. 2, the tail gas recovery power plant includes a hydrogen fuel cell system and a turbine generator system as previously described. The air inlet of the turbine generator is communicated with the tail gas exhaust pipeline of the hydrogen fuel cell system, so that the tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell system can be recovered for power generation.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, a single turbine generator system may intensively recover the exhaust gas of a plurality of hydrogen fuel cell systems 200, 300, …, N00, that is, the gas inlet of the turbine generator in one turbine generator system may be connected with the exhaust gas exhaust pipes of a plurality of hydrogen fuel cell systems, so that the turbine generator system is applicable to not only a single stack single-path system, but also a multi-stack multi-path system and a multi-system combination scheme, thereby greatly reducing the number of energy recovery devices and reducing the cost and volume.
As shown in fig. 2, the hydrogen fuel cell system includes an intake air filter 201, an intake air flow meter 202, an air compressor controller 203, an air compressor 204, an intercooler 205, a humidifier 206, a stack 207, and a back pressure valve 208. Wherein the air compressor 204 is configured to compress air and further to deliver the compressed air into the stack 207 for sufficient reaction with hydrogen. After the reaction, high-temperature and high-pressure steam-water mixed tail gas is generated, and the tail gas flows into the turbine generator system through the back pressure valve 208. As described above, the electric energy generated by the turbine generator system may be rectified into direct current to supply power to the air compressor 204, so as to realize cyclic utilization, and the remaining electric energy may be stored in the storage battery 000 for standby.
The working flow of the tail gas recovery power generation device is as follows: after the air compressor 204 compresses the air to the pile 205 to fully react with the hydrogen, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam-water mixed tail gas discharged by the single or multiple fuel cell systems is converged together and enters the turbine generator system 100, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam-water mixed tail gas firstly controls the flow direction through the three-way valve 102, and the proportion of the gas flowing into different directions can be precisely controlled through calibration. The gas flowing out through the second interface of the air separator needs to be separated by the water separator 105, the separated gas flows into the bypass passage, the air is directly connected to the turbine generator 101, a large amount of air pushes the turbine generator 101 to rotate for generating power, three-phase alternating current is generated, and the three-phase alternating current is rectified into direct current by the turbine generator controller 104 and then is connected to the air compressor controller 203 of the single or multiple fuel cell systems, so that the air compressor 204 is powered or flows into the storage battery 000. The air discharged through the third port of the three-way valve directly enters the bypass passage, merges with the air recovered by the turbine generator 101 and the water separated by the water separator 105, flows through the muffler 106, and is discharged from the exhaust pipe.
The turbine generator system can collect high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas exhausted by a single or a plurality of fuel cell systems and then lead the tail gas into the turbine generator to generate electricity, is not only suitable for a single-stack single-path system, but also suitable for a multi-stack multi-path system and a multi-system combination scheme, greatly reduces the number of energy recovery devices and reduces the cost and the volume.
Due to the arrangement of the three-way valve, when the hydrogen fuel cell system is in a low-temperature working condition, an idle speed or a low-flow working condition, the turbine generator cannot be started normally, and the turbine generator fails in a fault mode, the tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell system can be completely discharged into a bypass channel through a third interface of the three-way valve by adjusting the opening degree of the three-way valve, so that the smooth gas path is ensured, the hydrogen fuel cell system can still operate, and the problem of the fault shutdown of the whole fuel cell system caused by the failure of the turbine mechanism is solved.
In addition, once the hydrogen fuel cell system operates in an overload working condition, the discharged flow exceeds the bearable range of the turbine generator, and when the turbine generator system is in the overload working condition, the excessive flow can be discharged into the bypass channel by accurately controlling the opening of the three-way valve, so that the inflow flow of the turbine generator system is ensured to be in a safe range, and the turbine generator can be ensured to normally generate electricity.
Because the turbine generator and the air compressor in the hydrogen fuel cell system are designed as independent shafts, the rotating speed of the turbine generator and the air compressor are completely decoupled when the fuel cell system operates under a normal load working condition, so that the turbine generator and the air compressor can operate to an optimal rotating speed to maximize the recovery power, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system is greatly improved.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that various combinations, modifications, and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention as disclosed herein should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A turbine generator system having a three-way valve, comprising:
a turbine generator that generates electricity by rotating under the pushing of air; and
a three-way valve having a first port in communication with an inlet conduit, a second port in communication with an inlet of the turbine generator, and a third port in communication with an exhaust conduit, the three-way valve configured to divert gas entering the turbine generator.
2. The turbine generator system of claim 1, further comprising a water separator having an air inlet in communication with the second port of the three-way valve, an air outlet in communication with the air inlet of the turbine generator, and an air outlet in communication with the exhaust pipe, the water separator configured to separate the gas entering the turbine generator from the water.
3. The turbine generator system of claim 1, further comprising a pressure sensor disposed at an air inlet of the turbine generator and configured to monitor air pressure entering the turbine generator in real-time to control an opening of the three-way valve.
4. The turbine generator system of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to rectify and output three-phase alternating current generated by the turbine generator into direct current.
5. The turbine generator system of claim 1, further comprising a muffler disposed at the exhaust pipe outlet.
6. An exhaust gas recovery power generation device, characterized by comprising:
a hydrogen fuel cell system; and
the turbine-generator system of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein an inlet conduit of a turbine generator is in communication with an exhaust gas discharge conduit of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
7. The tail gas recovery power plant of claim 6 wherein one turbine generator system is in communication with the tail gas discharge lines of N hydrogen fuel cell systems, where N is a natural number.
8. The exhaust gas-recovering power generation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell system comprises:
an air compressor configured to compress air and in electrical communication with the turbine generator, the air compressor being powered by the turbine generator; and
and the electric pile is connected to the air outlet of the air compressor, the compressed air fully reacts with hydrogen in the electric pile, and steam-water mixed tail gas is discharged through tail gas discharge management.
9. The tail gas recovery power plant of claim 8, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell system further comprises an intake air filter, an intake flow meter, an intercooler, a humidifier, and a back pressure valve.
10. The exhaust gas recovery power plant of claim 6, further comprising a battery electrically connected to the turbine and configured to store electrical energy generated by the turbine generator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310229737.XA CN116357413A (en) | 2023-03-10 | 2023-03-10 | Turbine generator system with three-way valve and tail gas recovery power generation device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310229737.XA CN116357413A (en) | 2023-03-10 | 2023-03-10 | Turbine generator system with three-way valve and tail gas recovery power generation device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116357413A true CN116357413A (en) | 2023-06-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310229737.XA Pending CN116357413A (en) | 2023-03-10 | 2023-03-10 | Turbine generator system with three-way valve and tail gas recovery power generation device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116357413A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-03-10 CN CN202310229737.XA patent/CN116357413A/en active Pending
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